head lec 1 (1).ppt
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Head and Neck
Prof. Dr. Abdelrazek A. Sheta
Professor of Anatomy &
Embryology
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The skull iscomposed
of 21 bones joinedtogether by
sutures.
The Skull
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For simplicity, the boneof the head can bedivided into 3 essential
parts: the cranium, faceskeleton and themandible.
The cranium is the bonybox enclosing the brain.It has a base and avault. The vault is thearched roof of the skull.
The Skull
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The vault (superior aspect) of the skull
Composed of 3 bones, frontal, 2 parietaland occipital.
Sutures of the vault : Coronal : between frontal and parietalbones. Sagittal : in the midline between the 2
parietal bones. Lambdoid : between occipital and the 2
parietal bones.
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The vault (superior aspect) of the skull Other features in the vault: 1- Bregma (anterior fontanel). 2- Vertex: the highest point on the sagittal
suture. 3- Frontal eminence: maximum convexity of
frontal bone. 4- Parietal eminence: maximum convexity of
parietal bone. 5- Parietal foramina: about 3 cm above the
lambda. 6- Temporal lines.
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Anterior aspect of the skull
(face skeleton)A- The frontal bone:Forms the forehead and shows the following:1- Frontal eminences.2- Superciliary arches: overly the frontal air sinuses.3-Glabella: median eminence above the nose
continuous laterally as the superciliary arches.4- Nasion: the center of the fronto-nasal suture.5- Supraorbital margin: the upper margin of the
orbit.6- Supraorbital notch : passes the supraorbital
vessels & nerves.
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Face skeleton
7- Metopic suture: in the middle of the frontal bone.Obliterated at the 8 th year.B-The nasal bones :Forms the dorsum of the nose.C- the maxillary bone :It consists of a body and four processes:
frontal, zygomatic, alveolar and palatine.It shows:1- Anterior nasal aperture and anterior nasal spine.
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Face skeleton
2- Subnasal fossa: below the anterior nasalaperture.
3- Canine eminence: lateral to the subnasal fossa
and medial to the canine fossa. It lies oppositethe canine tooth.4-Infra-orbital foramen: Transmits infra-orbital
nerve and vessels.D- Zygomatic bone : forms the prominence of the
cheek and shows:1- Zygomatico-facial foramen: transmits the
zygomatico-facial nerve and vessels.
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The Lateral aspect of the skull
Formed of the following bones:frontal, parietal, greater wing of the sphenoid and
temporal bones. It shows the following:
1- Pterion : formed by the meeting of 4 bones:frontal, parietal, squamous temporal and greaterwing of the sphenoid.
2- Asterion : the meeting of parietal, occipital and
mastoid bone3- Zygomatic arch : attachment of masseter andtemporal fascia.
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The Lateral aspect of the skull
4- Glenoid fossa : articulate with head of themandible
5- Articular eminence (in front of glenoid
fossa)6- Temporal fossa : origin of temporalismuscle.
7- Infratemporal crest : Gives origin toupper head of lateral ptrygoid muscle.
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The Lateral aspect of the skull
8- Origin of lower head of lateral ptrygoid :lateral surface of the lateral ptrygoid plate.
9- Origin of buccinator muscle : from alveolarmargin of maxilla opposite the molar teeth.
10- Maxillary tuberosity : Gives origin to thesuperficial head of medial ptrygoid muscle.
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FIRST LECCTURE OF ANATOMY
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The Posterior aspect of the skull
Formed by occipital bone and shows:1- External occipital protuberance :Gives attachment to ligamentum nuchae and
trapezius muscle.
2-External occipital crest :Gives attachment to ligamentum nuchae.3-Superior nuchal line : Gives attachment to
trapezius muscle medially, andsternomastoid muscle laterally.4- inferior nuchal line.
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The Posterior aspect of the skull
5-Highest nuchal line : epicranial aponeurosis andoccipitalis muscle.6- Mastoid notch (digastric notch):Gives attachment to posterior belly of digastric
muscle.7- Occipital condyle : Related to atlanto-occipital
joint.8- Posterior condylar canal : Transmit an
emissary vein9- Foramen magnum: Transmit spinal cord,
meninges, medulla oblongata, spinal arteries,vertebral arteries, cerebellum and many otherstructures
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Any Questions?
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