HE1 HMBQ3&Q4 Waste Management

8/13/2019 HE1 HMBQ3&Q4 Waste Management

1/64


2/64

As you go through this module, you will be able to understand and apply thebasic concepts, principles, and skills in providing quality, marketable and profitableproducts/services for waste reduction, segregation, and utilization.

Guide Questions

Here, you will be guided by the following questions to understand the content ofthis module.

1. Why do you need to understand the objectives of Ecological Solid WasteManagement Act of 2000?

2. How will you classify the types of waste?

3. How can you properly demonstrate the various processes and related activities inwaste reduction and segregation?

4. Why is there a need to make a GRASPS model and Gantt chart in performing atask?

5. How can you provide quality, marketable and profitable products/services inwaste reduction and segregation?

6. Why is it essential to determine the production cost and price of your recycledproducts and services rendered as waste management advocate andpractitioner?

7. How can you refine your recycled products and efficiency in your service?

EXPLORE Your Understanding


3/64

My Target

At the end of this module, you are expected to provide quality, marketable, andprofitable products/services in reducing, segregating, and utilizing waste materials.

Activities

Before proceeding to the next episode of this module, answer the suggestedactivities provided based on the instructions given, to activate and assess your priorknowledge.

Self-Rating Checklist

Directions: You will use this matrix to rate your level of mastery of each competencyprior to studying the lesson (PRE), and after you complete the module (POST). Foreach competency, place a check mark (/) under the appropriate PRE column whichbest describes your level of mastery prior to studying the lessons of the module. Youwill place a check mark (/) under the appropriate POST column when you havecompleted the module.

Input

Concepts andprinciples in wastemanagement

Differentprocesses inwastemanagement

Process

Understanding ofconcepts anddemonstration of variousprocesses in wastemanagement

Assessment ofproducts/performance

Output

Quality,marketable, andprofitableproducts andservices in wastemanagement


4/64

I cannotdo this yet

I amlearninghow to dothis

I can dothis but Ineed tolearn more

I can dothis verywell

Competency

Pre Post Pre Post Pre Post Pre PostDefine the keyconcepts/elements.State the importance ofstudying waste management.Describe the differentprocesses.Reflect, revise, and improve theknowledge, skills, attitudeslearned/gained.Produce/provide quality,

marketable, and profitableproducts/services.State challenges met andpropose possible solutions.Evaluate the products/servicesbased on a given set of criteria.

Open-Ended Statement

Directions: Complete the clauses below with your perception, opinion or priorknowledge about waste reduction and segregation.

What I know about______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

What I can do in relation to_______________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

What I understand about________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

What I know about______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________


5/64

Entrance, Exit, and Extra Tickets

Directions: In assessing your prior knowledge on waste management, please writedown your honest responses to the questions written on each ticket.

Pre-Assessment

Directions: Each item in this test is composed of a question or an incomplete

statements with options lettered a, b, c, and d. Read each item, then select the best or

the correct option that answers the question or complete the statement.

1. Which of the following definitions of waste management is most true?A. Waste management is the minimization of resources and selling of reusable

materials.B. Waste management includes the separation of wastes, storage, collection,

transportation, processing, recycling and disposalC. Waste management ensures the protection of public health.D. Waste management refers to the management of all discarded household,

commercial waste, non-hazardous institutional and industrial wastes

2. Which of the following approaches to solid waste management promotes theobjectives and awareness among schools stakeholders?

A. Adopting the best environmental practice in ecological waste managementexcluding Incineration

B. Ensuring the protection of public health and environmentC. Encouraging greater private sector participation in solid waste managementD. Strengthening the integration of ecological solid waste management and resource

Entrance Ticket

What I know about waste reduction

and segregation?

Exit Ticket

The three best things I learned

today are

Extra Ticket

If you were to start all over again,

what else you want to think, say, and

act?


6/64

conservation into the academic curricula of formal and non-formal education

3. Which of the following waste reduction methods is sustainable in the long period?A. Composting B. SegregationC. Collection D. Recycling

4. The following are violations of the Solid Waste Management Act of 2000, exceptA. burning of wastes in an open public areaB. importation of products packaged with environmentally-accepted materialsC. littering or throwing of wastes in public areasD. production of non-environmental products

5. Which of the following is not a waste?A. garbage B. refuseC. organic fertilizer D. rubbish

6. Which types of waste would be the most likely to cause a serious threat to humanhealth if not managed in a scientific and discriminate manner?A. agricultural trimmings B. construction debrisC. hospital waste D. kitchen refuse

7. Which of the following practices has a largest threat to public safety andenvironment?A. Burning of agricultural trimmings and pruningB. Burying of biodegradable waste in public areasC. Dumping of waste in sanitary landfillD. Dumping of florescent lamp in public areas indiscriminately

8. Which of the following options is the most favored method in waste management?A. prevention B. reductionC. recycling D. reuse

9. Which of the following options is the least favored method in waste management?A. disposal B. recyclingC. reduction D. reuse

10. Albert is looking for a waste material that could be recycled a hundred percent(100%) again and again. Which of these waste materials should he choose?

A. glass B. metalC. paper D. plastic

11. Which of the following wastes is considered special or hazardous?A. leftover foods B. painted woodC. plastic cap D. vegetable peelings

12. Which of the following is not considered as non-biodegradable materials?


7/64

A. cotton swab B. kitchen refuseC. rice hay D. wall paper

13. The following are the characteristics of an appropriate waste bin or can, exceptA. easy to clean B. insect free

C. permeable (leaky) D. sturdy

14. Which of the following is not a benefit of recycling?A. Conserves natural resourcesB. Conserves energyC. Prolongs the life span of furnitureD. Reduces wastes by using incinerator or burner.

15. Which of the following color-coded bins is applicable for kitchen refuse likevegetable peelings and leftover foods?

A. black B. green

C. red D. yellow

My Performance

Your performance in the previous activities will be rated based on the givencriteria.

Tasks Outstanding4

Very Good3

Good2

Poor1

Observation/Documentation

All tasks weredone withoutstandingquality; worksexceedsexpectations

All or nearly alltasks weredone with highquality

Nearly all taskswere done withacceptablequality

Half of thetasks done butwith poorquality

Reflections Reflection

statements areprofound andclear

Reflection

statements arealmostprofound andclear

Reflection

statements areshallow andclear

Reflection

statements areshallow andunclear

Analysisof Assessment

Analysis ofquestions wereansweredcompletely

Analysis ofquestions werealmostanswered

Analysis ofquestions werealmostanswered

Analysis ofquestions werenot answered


8/64


9/64

The objectives of this Act are as follows:

(a) Ensure the protection of the public health and environment;

(b) Utilize environmentally-sound methods that maximize the use of valuableresources and encourage resource conservation and recovery;

(c) Set guidelines and targets for solid waste avoidance and volume reductionthrough source reduction and waste minimization measures, includingcomposting, recycling, re-use, recovery, green charcoal process, and others;

(d) Ensure the proper segregation, collection, transportation, storage, treatmentand disposal of solid waste through the formulation and adoption of the bestenvironmental practice in ecological waste management excludingincineration or burning in a container;

(e) Promote national research and development programs for improved solidwaste management and resource conservation techniques, more effectiveinstitutional arrangement and improved methods of waste reduction,collection, separation and recovery;

(f) Encourage greater private sector participation in solid waste management;

(g) Retain primary enforcement and responsibility of solid waste managementwith local government units while establishing a cooperative effort among thenational government, other local government units, non-governmentorganizations, and the private sector;

(h) Encourage cooperation and self-regulation among waste generators throughthe application of market-based instruments;

(i) Institutionalize public participation in the development and implementation ofnational and local integrated, comprehensive, and ecological wastemanagement programs; and

(j) Strengthen the integration of ecological solid waste management and resourceconservation and recovery topics into the academic curricula of formal andnon-formal education in order to promote environmental awareness and actionamong the citizenry.


10/64

To give you better understanding of different operational terms used in this Act,the following are defined:

Agricultural waste refers to waste generated from planting or harvesting ofcrops, trimming or pruning of plants and wastes or run-off (pls. provide context clue

here) materials from farms or fields.

Bulky wastes refer to waste materials which cannot be appropriately placed inseparate containers because of either its bulky size, shape or other physical attributessuch as lamps, bookcases, filing cabinets, and other similar items.

Buy-backcenter refers to a recycling center that purchases or otherwise acceptsrecyclable materials from the public for the purpose of recycling such materials.

Collection refers to the act of removing solid waste from the source or from acommunal storage point.

Composting refers to the controlled decomposition of organic matter by micro-organisms, mainly bacteria and fungi, into a humus-like product.

Consumer electronics refers to special waste that includes worn-out, broken,and other discarded items such as radios, stereos, and TV sets.

Controlled dump refers to a disposal site at which solid waste is deposited inaccordance with the minimum prescribed standards of site operation.

Disposalrefers to the discharge, deposit, dumping, spilling, leaking or placing ofany solid waste into or in a land.

Ecological solid waste management refers to the systematic administration ofactivities which provide for segregation at source, segregated transportation, storage,transfer, processing, treatment, and disposal of solid waste and all other wastemanagement activities which do not harm the environment.

Environmentally acceptable refers to the quality of being re-usable,biodegradable or compostable, recyclable and not toxic or hazardous to theenvironment.

Generationrefers to the act or process of producing solid waste.

Generator refers to a person, natural or juridical, who last uses a material andmakes it available for disposal or recycling.

Hazardous waste refers to solid waste management or combination of solidwaste which because of its quantity, concentration or physical, chemical or infectiouscharacteristics.


11/64

Leachaterefers to the liquid produced when waste undergo decomposition, andwhen water percolate or seep through solid waste undergoing decomposition. It iscontaminated liquid that contains dissolved and suspended materials.

Materials recovery facility - includes a solid waste transfer station or sortingstation, drop-off center, a composting facility, and a recycling facility.

Municipal waste refers to wastes produced from activities within localgovernment units which include a combination of domestic, commercial, institutionaland industrial wastes and street litters.

Open dump refers to a disposal area wherein the solid wastes areindiscriminately thrown or disposed of without due planning and consideration forEnvironmental and Health Standards.

Receptacles refer to individual containers used in separating and collectingrecyclable materials.

Recovered material refers to materials and by products that have beenrecovered or diverted from solid waste so that these can be collected, processed andused as a raw material in the manufacture of a recycled product.

Recyclable material refers to any waste material retrieved from the wastestream and free from contamination that can still be converted into suitable beneficialuse or for other purposes

Recycled materialrefers to post-consumer material that has been recycled andreturned to the economy.

Recyclingrefers to the treating of used or waste materials through a process ofmaking them suitable for beneficial use and for other purposes.

Resource conservationrefers to the reduction of the amount of solid waste thatare generated or the reduction of overall resource consumption, and utilization ofrecovered resources.

Resources recoveryrefers to the collection, extraction or recovery of recyclablematerials from the waste stream for the purpose of recycling, generating energy orproducing a product suitable for beneficial use.

Re-use refers to the process of recovering materials intended for the same ordifferent purpose without the alteration of physical and chemical characteristics.


12/64

Sanitary landfillrefers to a waste disposal site designed, constructed, operatedand maintained in a manner that exerts engineering control over significant potentialenvironment impacts arising from the development and operation of the facility.

Segregationrefers to a solid waste management practice of separating different

materials found in solid waste in order to promote recycling and re-use of resources andto reduce the volume of waste for collection and disposal.

Segregation at source refers to a solid waste management practice ofseparating, at the point of origin, different materials found in solid waste in order topromote recycling and re-use of resources and to reduce the volume of waste forcollection and disposal.

Solid waste refers to all discarded household, commercial waste, non-hazardous institutional and industrial waste, street sweepings, construction debris,agricultural waste, and other non-hazardous or non-toxic solid waste.

Waste identified or listed as hazardous waste of a solid, liquid, containedgaseous or semisolid form which may cause or contribute to an increase in mortality orin serious or incapacitating reversible illness, or acute or chronic effect on the health ofpersons and other organisms.

Infectious waste from hospitals such as equipment, instruments, and utensilsused by patients who are suspected to have or have been diagnosed as havingcommunicable diseases and must therefore be isolated as required by public healthagencies.

Solid waste management refers to the discipline associated with the control ofgeneration, storage, collection, transfer and transport, processing, and disposal of solidwastes in a manner that is in harmony with the best principles of public health,economics, engineering, conservation, aesthetics, and other environmentalconsiderations, and that is also responsive to public attitudes.

Solid waste management facility refers to any resource recovery system orcomponent thereof; any system, program, or facility for resource conservation; anyfacility for the collection, source separation, storage, transportation, transfer,processing, treatment, or disposal of solid waste.

Source reductionrefers to the reduction of solid waste before it enters the solidwaste stream by methods such as product design, materials substitution, materials re-use and packaging restrictions.

Source separation refers to the sorting of solid waste into some or all of itscomponent parts at the point of generation.

Special wastes refer to household hazardous wastes such as paints, thinners,household batteries, lead-acid batteries, spray canisters and the like.


13/64

Storage refers to the interim containment of solid wastes after generation andprior to collection for ultimate recovery or disposal.

Transfer stations refers to those facilities utilized to receive solid wastes,

temporarily store, separate, convert, or otherwise process the materials in the solidwastes, or to transfer the solid wastes directly from smaller to larger vehicles fortransport.

Waste diversion refers to activities which reduce or eliminate the amount ofsolid waste from waste disposal facilities.

White goods refer to large worn-out or broken household, commercial, andindustrial appliances such as stoves, refrigerators, dishwashers, and clothes washersand dryers collected separately.

Yard waste refers to wood, small or chipped branches, leaves, grass clippings,garden debris, vegetable residue that is recognized as part of a plant or vegetable andother materials.

With regard to collection, we should all be aware of the minimum standards andrequirements for the collection of solid waste.

All collectors and other personnel directly dealing with collection of solid wasteshall be equipped with personal protective equipment to protect them from the hazardsof handling wastes. Also, collection of solid waste should be done in a manner whichprevents damage to the container and spillage or scattering of solid waste within thecollection vicinity.

After having learned the different operational terms used in this Act, please bereminded not to violate any one of the following prohibited acts to avoid troubles ofpaying fines, doing community service, or going to jail.

The following are violations of this Act:

(1) Littering, throwing, dumping of waste matters in public places, such as roads,sidewalks, canals, esteros or parks, and establishment, or causing or permitting thesame;

(2) Undertaking activities or operating, collecting or transporting equipment inviolation of sanitation operation and other requirements or permits set forth inestablished pursuant;


14/64

(3) The open burning of solid waste;

(4) Causing or permitting the collection of non-segregated or unsorted wastes;

(5) Squatting in open dumps and landfills;

(6) Open dumping, burying of biodegradable or non-biodegradable materials inflood prone areas;

(7) Unauthorized removal of recyclable material intended for collection byauthorized persons;

(8) The mixing of source-separated recyclable material with other solid waste inany vehicle, box, container or receptacle used in solid waste collection or disposal;

(9) Establishment or operation of open dumps as enjoined in this Act,

(10) The manufacture, distribution or use of non-environmentally acceptablepackaging materials;

(11) Importation of consumer products packaged in non-environmentallyacceptable materials;

(12) Importation of toxic wastes misrepresented as "recyclable" or "withrecyclable content";

(13) Transport and dump log in bulk of collected domestic, industrial, commercial,and institutional wastes in areas other than centers or facilities prescribe under this Act;

(14) The construction of any establishment within two hundred (200) meters fromopen dumps or controlled dumps, or sanitary landfill; and

(15) The construction or operation of landfills or any waste disposal facility onany aquifer, groundwater reservoir, or watershed area and or any portions thereof.


15/64

Activities

Task 1. Decision Matrix

Directions: Using the following samples of violations on wastemanagement, list down the possible causes and possible solutions.

Violations on WasteManagement

Possible Causes Possible Solutions

1. Throwing wastes inpublic areas

2. The open burning of solidwaste

3. Squatting in open dumpsand landfills

4. Importation of consumer

products packaged in non-environmentally acceptablematerials5. The construction of anyestablishment within twohundred (200) meters fromopen dumps


16/64

Task 2: Word Jumble

Directions: Unscramble the letters to find the word/phrase that answers each clue.Then unscramble the letters in the parentheses to solve the final clue.

1. GRIALARCLUTUESAWT: waste generated from trimming and pruning of plants__ __ (__) __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

2. LCETCOOILN: removing of waste from the source__ __ __ __ (__) __ __ __ __ __

3. TICOSMPOGN: decomposition of organic matter by microorganism

(__) __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

4. NOIRTAYMENVENLL ACCEPTABLE: quality of being re-usable and biodegradable__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ (__)

5. NOTIAGRENE: act of producing solid waste(__) __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

6. IONFUESCTI ASTWE: disposable fomites or hospital utensils having disease__ __ __ __ (__) __ __ __ __ __ __ (__) __ __ __

7. SNYAIART LANILDLF: waste disposal site__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ (__) __

8. SWGHOIOTDE: broken household or industrial appliances__ __ (__) __ __ __ __ __ __ __

9. GSEGATIEONR: sorting out of solid wastes to promote recycling__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ (__)

10. UR-EES: materials intended for the same purpose without physical alteration__ __ __ __ __ __

Final clue: What method do you want to do in managing your waste?

___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___


17/64

Lesson 2. Types of Waste

Solid wastes are wastes arising from human and animal activities that arenormally solid and that are discarded as useless or unwanted. The term is all-inclusive,and it encompasses the heterogeneous mass of throw away from the community aswell as the homogeneous accumulation of agricultural, industrial, and mineral wastes.

Solid waste includes garbage, rubbish, refuse, sludge from a wastewatertreatment plant, water supply treatment plant, or air pollution control facility, and otherdiscarded material, including solid, liquid, semisolid, or contained gaseous materialresulting from industrial, municipal, commercial, mining, and agricultural operations andfrom community and institutional activities.

Solid waste can be classified into different types depending on their source:a) Household waste is generally classified as municipal waste,b) Industrial waste as hazardous waste, andc) Biomedical waste or hospital waste as infectious waste.

Municipal solid waste

Municipal solid waste consists of household waste, construction and demolitiondebris, sanitation residue, and waste from streets. This garbage is generated mainlyfrom residential and commercial complexes. With rising urbanization and change inlifestyle and food habits.

The Four Broad Categories of WastesOrganic Toxic Recyclable Soiled

Kitchen waste,leftover foods,vegetables,flowers, leaves,fruits

Old medicines, paints,chemicals, bulbs, spraycans, fertilizer, pesticidecontainers, batteries, shoepolish, etc.

Paper, glass,metals,plastics

Hospital waste suchas cloth soiled withblood and otherbody fluids

Hazardous waste

Industrial and hospital waste is considered hazardous as they may contain toxicsubstances. Certain types of household waste are also hazardous. Dangerous wasteswhich are corrosive, highly flammable, or explosive, and react when exposed to certainthings like gas and chemicals could be highly toxic to human, animals, and plants.

Household wastes that can be categorized as hazardous waste include oldbatteries, shoe polish, paint tins, old medicines, and medicine bottles. Also, hospitalwaste contaminated by chemicals used in hospitals is considered hazardous. These


18/64

chemicals include formaldehyde and phenols, which are used as disinfectants, andmercury, which is used in thermometers or equipment that measure blood pressure.

In the industrial sector, the major generators of hazardous waste are the metal,chemical, paper, pesticide, dye, refining, and rubber goods industries. Direct exposure

to chemicals in hazardous waste such as mercury and cyanide can be fatal.

Hospital waste

Hospital waste is generated during the diagnosis, treatment, or immunization ofhuman beings or animals or in research activities in these fields or in the production ortesting of biological. It may include wastes like sharps, soiled waste, disposables,anatomical waste, cultures, discarded medicines, chemical wastes, etc. These are inthe form of disposable syringes, swabs, bandages, body fluids, human excreta, etc.This waste is highly infectious and can be a serious threat to human health if notmanaged in a scientific and discriminate manner.

Typical solid waste generation sources, activities, and locationassociated with various source classification

Source Activities & location Types of solid wastesResidential Single-family and multi-family

dwellings, low, medium and highrise apartments

Food waste, rubbish, ashes,special wastes

Commercial Stores, restaurants, markets, officebuildings, hotels, print shops, autorepair shops, medical facilities and

institutions, etc.

Food waste, rubbish, ashes,demolition and constructionwastes, occasionally hazardous

wastes

Municipal Office buildings, parks,construction sites, streets, medicalfacilities, institutions, etc.

Household waste, constructionand demolition debris, sanitationresidue, and waste from streets

Industrial Construction, fabrication, light andheavy manufacturing, refineries,chemical plants, lumbering,mining, power plants, demolition,etc.

Food waste, rubbish, ashes,demolition and constructionwastes, special wastes,hazardous wastes

Open areas Streets, alleys, parks, vacant lots,playgrounds, beaches, highways,

recreational areas, etc.

Special wastes, rubbish

Treatmentplant sites Water, waste water and industrialtreatment processes, etc. Treatment plant wastesprincipally composed of residual

sludgeAgriculture Field and row crops, orchards,

vineyards, dairies, feedlots, farms,etc.

Spoiled food wastes, agriculturalwastes, rubbish, hazardouswastes


19/64

Suggested Activities

Task 1: Think-Group-Share

What to do:1. Students will be grouped.2. Discussion per group will be guided by a facilitator. Each group shall select a

secretary and a reporter.3. Discussion will revolve around the results on solid waste situation.

a. Issues and problem will be defined

b. Concrete manifestations of these problems will be enumeratedc. Causes of these issues and problems will be analyzed.d. Possible solutions will be given.

4. Each group will be provided the idea cards/manila paper to write down theirsynthesis or drawing as a group.

5. After discussion, the output will be presented by the reporter for five minutes pergroup only.

Issues andProblems

ConcreteManifestations

Causes orContributory factors

Possible Solutions

Ex. Improper

collection of waste

Wastes are

scattered in publicareas

No clear cut policy

on waste collection

Strict monitoring

and implementationof policy


20/64

Task 2: Good and Bad Practices

This exercise can be done by individuals working in small groups. Spend the first

half of the available time preparing the guidelines, and the second half discussing themas a group.

In this section, you will discuss the key practices necessary for ensuringecological solid waste management. Think about your group as yourhouse/organization/community as it relates to these key practices. Identify all thepractices you are doing right and all the practices you are doing wrong. For the thingsyou are doing wrong, develop ways to correct them.

Issues and

concerns

Right practices Wrong practices Ways to correct

themWaste segregation According to bio-

degradable andnon-biodegradable

Hospital wastebeing placed to non-biodegradable

Separate thewastes based onthe following:a) Biodegradableb) Non-

biodegradablec) Toxic waste


21/64

Lesson 3. Waste Management Hierarchy

In order to provide some background for solid waste reduction, a discussion ofwaste management hierarchy will provide a good basis. Thehierarchy is a solid wastemanagement approach that many individuals, families, houses, organizations,communities or nations employed.

Waste Management Hierarchy

The diagram represents the waste hierarchy. The purpose of the diagram is toillustrate an integrated approach to waste management. While all levels in the diagramare important options, it is the amount of emphasis on each level that will be given

consideration in creating waste management policy. Accordingly, the emphasis now isto avoid and minimize waste that will save items for disposal.

Reduce

The best way to deal with trash, garbage, refuse or rubbish is to minimize theamount of thrash you have to dispose to avoid them from piling up. To minimize thewaste, avoid unnecessary packaging and items designed to be used once. Any action

The figure above reflects that prevention is the most favored option followed byminimization, and reuse while recycling and energy recovery are the least favoredoptions. The very least favored solid waste management option or method is disposal


22/64

undertaken by an individual or organization to eliminate or reduce the amount or toxicityof materials before they enter the municipal solid waste stream (i.e., reducingpackaging). Thus, bringing your own bags when you shop, using your own mug whentraveling when you buy coffee, and choosing durable, reusable products to make lesstrash are strategies in reducing waste. This action is intended to conserve resources,

promote efficiency, and reduce pollution.

Reuse

To use something over again in its current form, without breaking it, will downinto a raw material. Reusing items saves a lot of energy and money, prolongs the lifespan of items you buy, and gives joy when you donate.

Recycle

The processing of collecting, sorting, cleansing, treating, and reconstituting

materials that would otherwise become solid waste, and returning them to the economicmainstream in the form of raw material for new or reconstituted products which meet thequality standards necessary to be used in the marketplace. Similarly, composting isanother approach in recycling or controlled biological decomposition of organicmaterials such as leaves, grass clippings, bush, and food waste into a soil amendment.

Every day, we use products made from recycled materials. Use your glass, cans,newspapers, milk jugs, and other acceptable recyclable items in similar or differentpurposes or take them to your local transfer station or curbside collection so that theycan be turned into new products. Thus, recycling saves money, energy, and theenvironment.

Energy recovery

Waste-to-energy facilities accept our solid waste and combust it very hightemperatures producing heat that is used to convert water into steam. The steam isused to run turbines to generate electricity. Scrubbers, filters, and other pollution controlequipment reduce pollutants released during the incineration process. Ash and otherresidues are disposed.

Disposal

Todays landfills are very different from the old ones where people just dumpedtheir garbage in an open area. Landfills are constructed and operated to strictenvironmental standards, including liners to protect groundwater. Within this hierarchy,landfills are the last of the various solid waste management options that should beconsidered.

Waste reduction is also known as source minimization, it is the practice of usingless material and energy to minimize waste generation and preserve natural resources.


23/64

Waste reduction is broader in scope than recycling and incorporates ways to preventmaterials from ending up as waste before they reach the recycling stage.

Waste reduction includes the following:

a) reusing products such as plastic and glass containers, purchasing moredurable products, and using reusable products, such as dishrags instead ofpaper towels,

b) donating products, from office equipment to eyeglasses and clothing, hence,reduces the amount of material manufactured overall, and

c) purchasing products that replace hazardous materials with biodegradableingredients reduces pollution as well as waste.

In general, waste reduction offers several environmental benefits. Greater

efficiency in the production and use of products means less energy consumption,resulting in less pollution; therefore, more natural resources are preserved, less solidwastes disposed in landfills.

Activities

Task 1: Group Dynamics

What to do:1. Have learners work in five (5) groups.2. Discussion per group will be guided by a facilitator. Each group shall select a

secretary and a reporter.3. Each group will work on its assigned activity

Group A: Waste preventionGroup B: Waste reduction/minimizationGroup C: Reuse

Group D: RecyclingGroup E: Energy recovery4. The table below will be used by each group in generating ideas.5. Each group will be provided with idea cards/manila paper to write down their

synthesis or drawing as a group.6. After discussion, the output will be presented by the reporter for five minutes per

group only.


24/64

Directions: List in the columns provided the ways to manage waste and their expectedbenefits you have been or could be involved in.

Waste Management (Prevention)Ways to manage Expected benefits

At the institution

At home

In the community

Task 2: Group-Think-Share

Directions: Explain the waste management hierarchy using the following graphicorganizers:

Group A: Ladder Group B: Step-by-step chart

Steps Details


25/64

Group C: Process Order Chart

__________________ ____________________________________ __________________

__________________ __________________ __________________

__________________ __________________ __________________

Group D: Sequence Chart Group E: Accordion Chart

Topic

Topic:

First:

Next:

Final:

Next:

Next:

Topic:

First:

Next:

Final:

Next:

Next:


26/64

My Reflection

Lesson 4. Waste Segregation

Waste segregations is sorting of waste from biodegradable to non-biodegradable. It also means division of waste into dry (paper, glass, tin cans,cardboard and others) and wet (vegetable peels, left-over food and others) wastes.

Most countries including Philippines practice no segregation of garbage, nocollection policy. This scheme helps the collectors identify the proper method ofgarbage disposal- whether to recycle, to compost or to totally dispose.

Waste segregation can be classified according to:1) Biodegradable2) Non-biodegradable

Biodegradable waste includes agricultural or organic wastes such as: kitchenwaste or refuse, vegetables, flowers, wood branches, leaves, from the garden andpaper.

After having performed task/s or activity/ies______________________

Which is/are ______________________________________________

Reflections are as follows:

What went wrong:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

What should be done________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Students comments ________________________________________

Teachers comments: _______________________________________


27/64

Non-biodegradable waste can also be segregated into:1) Recyclable wastes glass, papers, metals, plastics, rubbers, leathers, etc.2) Toxic wastes bulbs with mercury, spray cans, insecticide cans, chemicals,

batteries, fertilizer and pesticide containers, etc.3) Hospital or soiled wastes soiled cloth with blood and body fluids, fecal

excreta, etc.

Tips on Proper Waste Management

1. Educate and create awareness to students, residents, garbage collectors andgarbage contractors on proper waste management.

2. Segregate waste into dry waste such as paper, cardboard, glass and wet wastessuch as kitchen waste, dry leaves and others.

3. Buy goods with little or no packaging that can be recycled.

4. Re-use strong plastic carrier bags instead of buying them, or use morepermanent cloth bags for groceries.

5. Recycle as much of your refuse as possible. Items such as glass bottles, tincans, paper, plastic, vegetable matter and car oil can be recycled. Recycle is theprocessing used material into new one to reduce consumption of fresh material andprevent wastage of materials.

6. Make compost from vegetable matter (kitchen waste) and garden waste (e.g.leaves/grass cuttings). Compost improves the soil structure and provides extra nutrients

for garden plants.

7. Repair an item instead of replacing it, or if you no longer want it, give it to aperson who does.

8. Monitoring is identifying recycling opportunities and ways to minimize wasteoutput, and reviewing how waste minimization is progressing.

9. Try putting up different trash cans with labels as to the kind of trash that shouldbe thrown into them.

10. Separating them and classifying them into their proper categories would surelyhelp on waste disposal.

11. Avoid generating of wastes. Re-use in using of material again and again.12. Do not dump kitchen waste in sink as it consumes more water and cause a

bigger trouble for you and your family.


28/64

According to the World Health Organization (WHO, 2010), waste segregation hasthe following advantages and strategies:

a) Key to waste minimization,b) Essential for effective waste management,

c) Improves public health protection,d) Should be done according to specific treatment anddisposal requirements,

e) Should be carried out by waste producerf) Should be harmonized all over the countryg) Same segregation from production until disposal

To love the environment, everyone should do his/her part of saving it. Plantingtrees, recycling plastic bags, reusing old things or prolonging the life span of certainitems by maintaining their physical appearance and uses, cleaning the streets, andsegregating our trash are simple ways that one can do to save the environment.

Trash or waste segregation is basically the process of sorting out the garbage tomake sure the right waste go to the right place. This is usually done by putting the samekind of garbage in one trash bag or container and other kinds in another bag orcontainer. This is primarily to organize wastes, to reduce litter and segregate thosematerials that can be reused or recycled.

Trash containers or bags should be assigned with specific colors to help facilitatetrash segregation accordingly. Here are the basic colors we need to familiarizeourselves for proper waste segregation:

1) Clear is normally used to hold recyclable products or things we can reuseor remake into something new. Clear or white color is beneficial so as materials insidecan be easily seen even without opening it. What we can put here are tin cans, bottles,papers, etc.

2) Black is generally used to hold non-biodegradable and non-infectiouswastes, which means those that cannot be easily decomposed. Examples of which areplastic cans, styrofoams, candy wrappers, popsicle sticks, etc.

3) Green is mainly used to carry biodegradable materials or those wastesthat can be easily decomposed. We can see these as left-over foods, vegetables andfruit peelings, dried leaves, twigs, etc.

4) Red is commonly used for bio-hazardous or infectious waste products orthose that could be harmful to the public's health. Usually these trashes are taken fromthe hospitals or clinics such as syringe, cotton, disposable cups, plastic food bags,human wastes, etc.


29/64

5) Blue is usually used to handle industrial materials or those bulk goods forbusinesses. Examples of these are glasses, heavy plastics, fabrics, woods, etc.So the next time we are going to put away our trash, we already know in what trash bagthey need to be placed. By proper waste segregation, we are doing our part for acleaner environment.

Cans and bins are designed and created for indoors and outdoors use, each withstrength to match their use. For easy handling, some larger cans and bins are equippedwith rollers, wheels, or dollies, and special tops. Tops are flip tops, removable tops,circular, square, rectangular, or vented for options.

Trash and garbage bins and cans, effectively placed around a school building orhome, is the first step toward safe material handling and building maintenance. Makecleaning and housekeeping work faster and easier.

Uy, Qwertypalopalo (2010). Segregate waste by using colorful trash bags. Retrieved October 4,2011 from http://EzineArticles.com/4845992

Activities

Task 1: Group-Read-Think- Share (GRTS)

What to do:1. Have learners work in five (5) groups.2. Discussion per group will be guided by a facilitator. Each group shall select a

secretary and a reporter.3. Each group will synthesize the readings provided based on assigned tasks.

Group A: DramatizationGroup B: Oral Reporting using graphic organizersGroup C: Poetry WritingGroup D: Write-Rap-SingGroup E: Poster Making

4. The output/performance will be rated based on the given criteria


30/64

Readings No. 1

Eco-Waste Coalition Reminds Consumers to Watch Outfor Toxic Toys as Christmas Nears

With just 90 days before Christmas, a toxic watchdog exhorted consumersto exercise due diligence in shopping for holiday gifts to prevent childrensexposure to unsafe toys proliferating in the market.

The Eco-Waste Coalition, a non-profit group promoting the right of consumers tochemical safety, appealed for consumer vigilance with the anticipated rise in toysale as the long Christmas shopping frenzy gets underway.

Not all toy products that made it to store shelves are child-friendly as they oughtto be. If we are not careful with our purchasing choices, it is likely we will begiving away toys that are not safe for children to play with, said Thony Dizon,Coordinator of the Eco-Waste Coalitions Project Protect.

Unsafe toys are playthings that can choke, cut, poke, strangulate and exposeyoung children to dangerous chemicals such as lead and mercury, which candamage the brain and nervous system and cause serious developmental delaysand disorders, the Eco-Waste Coalition explained.

By being super diligent in demanding information about chemicals in productssuch as toys, we can make better choices and lessen childrens exposure totoxic chemicals that can badly affect their health and development, he pointedout.

Consumer vigilance can push toy companies to finally shape up and put thehealth interests of young consumers ahead of corporate gains," he emphasized.

Consumer demand for safe toys will hopefully compel manufacturers to disclosethe chemical ingredients of their products through understandable and truthfullabelling, he added.


31/64

As per Department of Health (DOH) Administrative Order 32, Series of 2007, alltoy products in the market, whether imported or locally produced, should bear

the following minimum information on the label or package: a) correct andregistered trade or brand name, b) duly registered trademark, c) model orreference number, d) duly registered business name and address of themanufacturer and/or distributor, e) place, country and date of manufacture, f)license to operate (LTO) number, g) warning and/or precautionary indications, h)instructions on toys usage, functions, features and assembly, and i) informationon the specified age requirements.

Consumers should specifically look for the LTO number, which is an indicatorthat the product is duly registered and compliant with the health and safetyrequirements of the DOH and the Philippine National Standard for Safety of

Toys, the EcoWaste Coalition said.

Since most toy labels would not reveal the chemical ingredients that make up aproduct, consumers could ask retailers to call the manufacturer, importer ordistributor to get the essential information and refuse to buy the item if therequested information is kept confidential, Dizon said.

To stir up public attention on the issue of toxic toys, the Eco-Waste Coalition willconduct awareness raising activities in the weeks leading up to Christmas.

The Eco-Waste Coalition will distribute a colorful Play Safe poster co-published

with the Food and Drug Administration and IPEN through public and privateschools and other childrens hubs.

In July this year, the Eco-Waste Coalition and IPEN tested 435 samples ofchildrens products bought from bargain, high-end and ukay-ukay shops inMetro Manila, Metro Cebu and in Davao City.

Using a device called X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) analyzer, the tests indicatedthat 124 products, or 29 percent of the 435 samples, were found to contain atleast one toxic metal above levels of concern such as antimony, arsenic,cadmium, chromium, lead and mercury.


32/64

Retrieved (October 4, 2011) from www.ecowastecoalition.org

Suggested Rubrics/Rating Scales

Writing Rubrics

Directions: The paper will be given one of the three scores: Q, A, or NA. The presenterwill present the paper with these descriptors in mind:

Criteria Descriptions

Quality Can easily complete process

has no more than three minor errors (mechanics, word choice,sentence structure)

captures message fully

Acceptable Take some efforts to complete process

has four to seven minor errors (mechanics, word choice,sentence structure)

captures message partiallyNot Acceptable Cannot complete process

has more than seven errors (mechanics, word choice,sentence structure)

does not capture message

Oral Presentation Rubric

Oral Presentation RubricVery good(has nomore thanthree minorerrors)

Satisfactory(has four tosevenerrors)

Poor(has morethansevenerrors)

1. Gave an interesting introduction2. Presented clear explanation of topic3. Presented information in logical manner4. Used complete sentence

5. Offered a concluding summary6. Spoke clearly, correctly, distinctly, andconfidently7. Maintained eye contact8. Maintained acceptable posture.9. Utilized audio-visual aids10. Handled questions and comments from the


33/64

classTotal

Grand Total

Group Project Likert Scale

Directions: For each of the following criteria, place the most appropriate number or letterto evaluate your peer's actions in group project. Group may be evaluated as a whole oras individuals.

5=Excellent 4=Very good 3=Good 2=Fair 1=Poor

1. _____Your peers participated in the initial discussion used to get projectgoing.

2. _____Your peers contributed with creative ideas that enhances project.

3. _____Your peers came up with few ideas, but these were always original andunique.

4. _____Your peers were quick to suggest solutions to problems with project asthey occurred.

5. _____Your peers were helpful in inventing methods, gadgets, pictorialelements, etc., of project.

6. _____Your peers showed strong leadership skills during development andconstruction of project.

7. _____Your peers were friendly, enthusiastic, and positive during group work.

8. _____Your peers were encouraging and complimentary of your ownperformance in group project.

9. _____Your peers were always available to spend time working on groupproject.

10._____Overall, your peers were essential to the development and constructionof your group project.

Total


34/64

Task 2: Pitching In Words

Directions: Write in the appropriate bins the wastes from the pool.

Directions: After filling in the bins above with waste materials, select one bin and furthersegregate them.

Leftover foods, soda can, bulb, battery, metal, fruits, bones, shells, insecticidecontainer, ink cartridge, painted wood, plastic, textile, paper, cardboard,eggshells, thermometer, pesticide container, hospital waste, cloth with blood,tissue paper, agricultural trimmings, bottle, tin cans, plastic ribbons, cottonswab, syringe, appliance, clay jar, debris,

Biodegradable1. ____________2. ____________3. ____________4. ____________5. ____________6. ____________

Hazardous/Special1. ____________2. ____________3. ____________4. ____________5. ____________6. ____________

Non-biodegradable1. ____________2. ____________3. ____________4. ____________5. ____________6. ____________

Type of waste1. ____________2. ____________

3. ____________4. ____________5. ____________6. ____________


35/64

My Reflection

Minute Paper

What was/were the most important or useful idea/s or thing/s that you havelearned from this lesson?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

How do you feel today? Please explain.

( ) Happy ( ) Intelligent ( ) Challenge ( ) Bored ( ) Sad


36/64

Lesson 5: Waste Utilization

Recycling is the process of turning used products into raw materials that can beused to make new products. Its purpose is to conserve natural resources and reducepollution. Recycling reduces energy consumption, since it generally takes less energy torecycle a product than to make a new one. Similarly, recycling causes less pollutionthan manufacturing a new product and conserves raw materials. It also decreases theamount of waste sent to landfills or incinerators. Although people have always reusedthings, recycling as we know it today emerged as important option in saving theenvironment.

The benefits of recycling are as follows:

1) Helps reduce the greenhouse effect. Gas emissions occur due to themanufacturing and the disposal of products that are not biodegradable.

2) Help lessen the amount of materials (which are not biodegradable) that end upin the landfills.

3) Plastics are equally hazardous to planet Earth. The reduction in the use ofplastics would help in the conservation of energy.

Besides, recycling also creates job opportunities for most people, which is all fora good cause. The benefits of recycling are many more to name, but to actually usethese concepts in our everyday life would require awareness and also the urge tospread this message. So, whenever you can, just spread the word. Recycling willbenefit everybody around the globe, including you!

Cardboard is the single largest component of municipal solid waste thatbusinesses produce every year. Even with the huge increases in recycling efforts overthe past few decades, the amount of cardboard disposed as municipal solid waste is stillstaggering.

Businesses that process and recycle cardboard can also reap monetaryadvantages since the recycled cardboard market remains very strong. The high per-tonprices for cardboard means that the benefits of implementing a cardboard recyclingprogram are usually straight forward.

Benefits of cardboard recycling are as follows:


37/64

a. can produce big savings in waste carrying costs (by removing the cardboardfrom the waste stream, the waste volume is reduced accordingly),

b. can create income from the recycled cardboard that is sold to the recycler,c. can help cut waste disposal labor requirements that are typically necessary

due to flattening and handling of cardboard,

d. can help waste processing operations with streamlining benefits and betterproductivity,e. can help reduce problems associated with the temporary storage of

cardboard, including fire hazards and loss of workspace, andf. can help improve overall cleanliness and safety in the workplace.

Every single day we use items that are made from plastic such as soda andwater bottles. Unfortunately, a large percentage of these plastics are found in garbagecans, trash bins and waste dumpsters all over the Philippines, each day when theycould be sent to a recycling center to be reused. Schools serving soda and water inplastic bottles should reuse them before ending up in landfills.

If you are new to recycling or are interested in learning more, it is a good idea tounderstand what PET is. PET is plastic made out of polyethylene terephthalate and isused to make soda bottles, water bottles, medicine containers, and others.

Many people consider Tupperware to be one of the greatest containers evermade, and of course, it is made of high-density polyethylene (HDPE). That says a lotabout the strength of HDPE and makes it increasingly important that this plastic isrecycled. When it is recycled, it is made into piping, plastic lumber, rope, toys, wastebins, and others.

Benefits that can be derived from PET bottles and containers are as follows:

a. can help reduce waste disposal costs (since the PET Plastic is removed fromthe waste stream),

b. can generate revenues from the sale of the recycled PET,c. can reduce labor costs associated with the handling of PET during the waste

disposal process,d. can help waste processing operations with streamlining benefits and better

productivity,e. can help with streamlining overall waste processing operations, andf. can help improve workplace safety and neatness.

The HDPE plastics on the other hand, has the following benefits, these are: a)can help reduce waste disposal costs (since the HDPE Plastic is removed from thewaste stream), b) can generate revenues from the sale of the recycled HDPE, c) canreduce labor costs associated with the handling of HPDE during the waste disposalprocess, d) can help with streamlining overall waste processing operations, e) can helpfree up space (used for the temporary storage of HPDE), and naturally, e) can helpimprove workplaces safety and neatness.


38/64

Different types of paper are used in schools, offices or communities which needto dispose for mixed paper recycling. Mixed paper by definition is, different types ofpaper mixed together. For instance, phone books, magazines, junk mail, office paper,paperboard packaging, or any kind of paper that doesnt fall into the category of

corrugated cardboard or newspaper is considered mixed paper. Mixed paper constitutesthe largest portion of municipal solid waste (MSW). Because it is the largest portion ofthe waste stream, mixed paper also offers the best opportunity for recycling.

The basic benefits of mixed paper recycling are hereby indicated:

a. can help reduce waste disposal costs (since the paper is removed from thewaste stream),

b. can generate revenues from the sale of the recycled paper,c. can reduce labor costs associated with the handling of paper during the waste

disposal process,

d. can help with streamlining overall waste processing operations for betterproductivity,e. can aid with the reduction of fire hazards (due to temporary storage of paper),

andf. can assist improve workplace safety and neatness.

Fluorescent bulbs and lamps provide lighting to the majority of office buildings,manufacturing facilities, restaurants, schools, hospitals, shopping centers and otherbusinesses. Recycling is the most favored option for disposal method of these bulbsand lamps.

Recycling fluorescent bulbs and lamps is especially important due to thecomponent of mercury, which is essential for many energy-efficient light bulbs. Thecost of recycling these bulbs and lamps is relatively small compared to the cost savingsfrom using energy efficient lighting. Traditionally, fluorescent lamps are up to 10 timesmore efficient than other bulbs.

Fluorescent lamps reduce energy consumption creating a monetary savings.Reducing energy use also cuts down on power plant emissions of mercury and otheremissions that contribute to global climate change, acid rain and smog.

With regard to glass recycling, because of its density and weight, glass makes upa large component of all waste. The process of turning waste glass into usable productsinstead of discarding it is usually very advantageous. Glass 'waste' is usually made upof glassware, bulbs, bottles and other items. Glass is initially created from soda ash,limestone or sand and is formed into a variety of colors.

Glass is rushed and made into cullet. Cullet is processed and melted down at alower temperature than new glass so substantial comparative energy savings areachieved by recycling glass.


39/64

Below are the reasons for glass recycling.

a. It can take up to one million years to break down glass naturally.b. Making new glass consumes a tremendous amount of energy compared to

recycling glass into new containers. To manufacture new glass, extremelyhigh temperatures are necessary. This creates pollution from manufacturingfacilities and consumes energy.

c. Recycled glass is used in fiberglass, turf, ammunition, tiles, manufacturedsand (for beaches in need), and of course, containers.

d. Glass has a low rate of chemical reaction with glass container contents. Thisis because it is made from natural materials. This makes glass a safematerial to be recycled and reused.

Waste reduction through recycling does not only promote extra incomegenerating activities but also reduces waste. Thus, recycling saves public and

environment.

In general, recycling reduces disposal of wastes in landfill, safeguards the publicfrom harmful substances, protects our environment from greenhouse effects, andconserves our energy and natural resources.

Wondering, how much amount of garbage can be recycled? Know about the funrecycling facts for kids about plastic, glass, metal, paper and other materials.

On plastic recycling

United States use 4 million plastic bottles every hour. However, only 25% ofthese plastic bottles are used for plastic recycling.

Did you know that, over 46,000 pieces of plastic debris float on every squaremile of the ocean?

Every year, a person gets through 90 drink cans, 70 food cans and 107bottles and 45 kg of plastic.

Metal Recycling Facts for Kids

Did you know that recycling aluminum can save up to 95% of energy which isrequired to make aluminum from bauxite ore?

Tin cans are 99% steel, with a thin layer of tin added to prevent the tins fromcorroding.

Recycling 1 ton of aluminum can save up to 27 cubic yards of landfill space.

Recycling Facts for Kids


40/64

Paper Recycling Facts for Kids

Making paper from recycled materials can result in 74% less air pollution and35% less water pollution, rather than making paper from wood pulp.

Recycling one ton of paper saves around 17 trees, 463 gallons of oil, 6,953gallons of water and 3 cubic yards of landfill space.

An average British family throws away paper, which is worth 6 trees in theirhousehold garbage can a year.

Glass Recycling Facts for Kids

One of the most interesting recycling facts about glass is that glass can berecycled again and again. As it never wears out, because most glass bottlesand jars that we use contain at least of the recycled material.

Did you know that, the energy saved by recycling just one bottle can light a

100 watt light bulb for four hours! Recycling centers sort glass by color, so that the glass pieces and items can

be used for recycling.

In France, most grocery stores sell drinks in glass bottles which can bereturned to the store for refilling.

Other Recycling Facts for Kids

The first municipal dump was formed in ancient Athens in 400 B.C.

The recycling symbol was designed by Gary Dean Anderson in the year1970.

Every year we dispose around 24 million tons of leaves and grass clippings,which can be used by converting to compost to conserve landfill space.

Use and throw bags are a waste of trees (paper bags) or fossil fuels (plasticbags). Not just that, they also they contribute to water pollution during theirproduction. Reusable cloth or paper bags are a better alternative to single usebags.

Plant waste like potato, orange, banana peels and grass cutting, leftover food,can quickly fill up the garbage can. This kind of waste can be easily used tomake compost, which is a very good fertilizer for plants.

Did you know that, up to 80% of an average car is recyclable?

Pragya, T (2011). Recycling facts for kids, Retrieved 10/4/2011 from http/www.buzzle.com


41/64

If you are an environment conscious person, it is not necessary for you have tocontribute on saving your surroundings. You can simply start by keeping your homes,gardens and vehicles clean, so that they don't create problems for others. There arethree main points which you can consider in the following mentioned recycle tips, andthey are, reduce, reuse and recycle. With these three factors in mind, you can help savethe public and environment.

Recycling Tips at Home

Try using phosphate-free detergents and never use chemical pesticides. Whiledisposing hazardous waste, don't ever pour chemicals down the drain! Thereare many recycling facts which remain unknown to us, due to such mistakes.

When buying groceries and other home requirements, do your weeklyshopping in a single trip so you can save on gas, and turn off your engineswhenever you are not using them.

Don't use plastic bags while picking up groceries, instead use cloth bags orpaper bags. Also reuse them till they get completely worn out, and thendispose them adequately.

Purchase recycled home objects if you see them on sale and help save theenvironment from damage.

Plastic recycling is also a very important act, if you have unused plastic whichis dumped or to be disposed.

Make use of rechargeable batteries and not the regular ones, to save power. Older homes should be updated with insulation to make them more energy

efficient.

Don't buy or use styrofoam peanut packaging as it doesn't degrade. And if youhave to use it for some purpose, reuse it for other purposes.

Recycling Tips at Work

Purchase objects made from recycled paper, plastic and other materials, tokeep on your office desks and cubicles.

Print the both sides of the paper to reduce paper usage and waste by almost50%.

Always try to use reusable products rather than disposable products in officesuch as dishes, cups, liquid chalk boards, stationary, etc.

Instead of making multiple paper copies of memos and other notices, rotateone through the office or put it up on the notice board. Also use e-mail, ifavailable.

Like at home, use the office appliances properly and turn them off when notrequired, as this will surely help the environment by recycling the energy wehave.

Easy Recycling Tips


42/64

Aparna, Jadhay (2010). Recycling tips, Retrieved 10/4/2011 fromhttp/www.buzzle.com


Task 1: Weigh the Impact

Directions: Each group will answer the given questions, do research, write paragraph,make poster, or think critically. Be sure to use graphic organizers in sharing the outputsto the class.

Group 1: Identify the Need (Oral report)

a. How does society rely on paper?b. How would your life be different if paper had never been invented?

Group 2: Research

a. Use the Internet to investigate e-paper, a new technology that mayreplace traditional paper.

b. List some potential uses of e-paper.

Group 3: Write

a. Write a paragraph comparing e-paper and regular paper. Be sure toinclude the pros and cons of both technologies based on your research.

Group 4: Draw

Make a poster using the theme Paper and the Environment.

Group 5: Think

Predictinga. Predicting. Explain what would happen to trees, if paper is constantly

produced without re-planting is done.b. Comparing and contrasting. What do a peso bill, your report card, and

comic book have in common?


43/64

Activity 2: Organizing Information

Directions: Copy the concept map about waste recycling onto a separate sheet ofpaper. Then complete it and add a title.

GlassPlastic

Reduce wastedisposal costCan be recycled

again and again

Improve workplacesafety and neatness


44/64

Lesson 6: Composting

Composting is natures way of recycling. Composting is controlled biologicalreduction of organic wastes to humus. The end product, compost, is used as a soilimprovement that provides plant nutrients, supports beneficial soil life, reduces soildiseases, increases water retention in sandy soil and adds drainage to clay soils, andpromotes weed and erosion control.

Compost is a nutrient-rich food product for ones garden and will help improvesoil structure, maintain moisture levels, and keep your soil's PH balance in check whilehelping to suppress plant disease. It will have everything your plants need including

nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and it will help buffer soils that are very acidic oralkaline. Compost improves soil's condition, plants and flowers will love it.

Specifically, composting has the following benefits.

a. Organic materials make up a large part of an institutions waste stream.b. It provides you with an alternative to incineration or dumping organic

materials in landfills, which can be quite densely and costly.c. It improves soils water retention, aeration (ventilation), and replenishes lost

nutrients, thus, makes soil fertile.d. It can save your money in buying mulch, fertilizer, and pesticide.

e. It reduces the emission of methane gas, a greenhouse gas which causesglobal warming.

Compostable materials like grass, leaves, tree limbs, shrub waste, food animals,animal waste, paper plates, napkins, cardboard and other materials should only be usedwhile non-compostable materials such as oils, weed, meat, bones, dairy products, cat,dog, or human waste, hazardous material, treated wood, large tree limbs, and othersare not helpful.

Step-by-step procedure in composting

1. Find the right site and prepare the composter (ground, bin, pot, or othercontainer). Ideally, place your compost bin or area in a sunny site on bare soil. If youhave put your compost bin on concrete, pathway or patio slabs ensure theres a layer ofpaper and twigs or existing compost on the bottom.


45/64

2. Segregate compostable from non-compostable materials and add the rightingredients. Have a container available such as a kitchen caddy or old ice cream tub.Fill your kitchen caddy or container with everything from vegetable and fruit peelings toteabags, toilet roll tubes, cereal boxes and eggshells. Take care not to compost cookedfood, meat or fish.

3. Shred the compostable materials into tiny pieces and mix them with wet anddry materials. A fifty/fifty (50/50) mix of greens and browns is the perfect composition forgood compost.

4. Star with a four-inch layer of brush, twigs, hays or straws at the bottom of thebin. Then, add a four-inch layer of brown materials, then a thin layer of compost or goodgarden soil followed by another four-inch layer of green material topped with a thin layerof soil. Moisten each layer by misting or sprinkling it lightly with water. Keep addingmaterials in alternating layers of greens and browns until the bin is full.

5. Wait a while. It takes between nine and twelve months for your compost to

become ready for use, so now all you need to do is wait and let nature do the work.Keep on adding greens and browns to top up your compost. The more you turn the pilethe faster you will have finished compost.

6. Remove the compost and use it. Open the hatch or cover and scoop out thefresh compost with a garden fork, spade or trowel. Dont worry if your compost looks alittle lumpy with twigs and bits of eggshell this is perfectly normal. Use it to enrichborders and vegetable patches, plant up patio containers or feed the lawn.

Remember, adding some items, like vegetable fats and dairy products will simplyslow down the composting process by excluding the oxygen that helpful organismsneed to do their job. If you add these materials you will still have usable compost, it will

just take much longer.

Also, adding other materials to your pile is simply dangerous because of thechance of poisoning or disease. Human and pet feces, chemically or pressure treatedwood or sawdust, and meat and animal fats fall into this category and should never beadded to your compost pile.


46/64


Task 1: Composting Procedure

Directions: Explain the composting procedure using the following graphicorganizers: Group outputs will be presented to the class.

__________________ ____________________________________ __________________

__________________ __________________ ____________________________________ __________________ __________________

Steps Details


47/64

First:

Final:

Next:

Next:

Next:

Next:

Topic:

Final:

Next:

First:

Next:

Next:

Directions: Fill in the spaces provided.

1. What are the concepts and principles that you have learned, please explain?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2. What are the concepts and principles that you still need to know?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3. What do you expect to learn and do in the stage?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


48/64

DEEPEN YOUR UNDERSTANDING

At this stage, you shall be engaged in processing and making meanings out of the

information having studied. As you reflect, revisit, revise and rethink your ideas;express your understandings and engage in meaningful self evaluation. You shall alsoundergo in-depth study of how to do different processes of producing quality,marketable, and profitable products and providing effective and efficient services inwaste utilization


Task 1: Lets do composting

Directions: Perform the composting procedure in waste bin or pot by writing first itssteps.

Composting Procedure

1.

2.

3.

4.


49/64

Task 2: Squiggles

Directions: Make a story board on composting by manipulating or creating characters,drawings, figures, and posters using the given squiggles (different lines). Color them

with crayons, pastels, craypas, water color, or others coloring materials. Then, presentyour group output to the class.

Write your short explanation below

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


50/64

Task 3: Project Making

Compact Disk (CD) Coaster

Materials Needed:

A few CDs (preferably of the same color)

White cotton lace

Glue

Instructions:

You can use any old CDs which have gone bad, but this looks best with plain

gold or silver CDs.

Don't cut the cotton lace before starting.

All you have to do is take the CD and spread some glue all along the periphery ofthe CD. Then take one end of the lace and start sticking it onto the edge of theCD, making small pleats as you go all around. When you've finished, cut the laceand you have the coaster or table-mat ready! If you wish, you can even addsome lace in the middle.

These coasters will look very pretty, and are even double-sided. They even retain

heat well and can be used on the dining table easily.

Step 1 Step 2 Step 3

Note: Health safety and sanitary practices must be practiced at all times.


51/64

Candle Holder

Materials Needed:

Glass paint

Baby Food Jar Paint brush

Candle

Ribbons

Piece of tool cloth

Instructions:

Paint the glass with your own design; it should be small enough to fit on the sideof a baby food jar.

Tie the tool cloth on the mouth of a jar with colored ribbons.

Present the candle holder

Step 1 Step 2 Step 3



52/64

Egg Carton Bugs Craft

Materials Needed:

Egg Cartons

Paint Glue

Miscellaneous supplies (wiggle eyes, stems, sequins, etc)

Instructions:

Use egg carton cups to make a variety of bugs! Cut a long row of cups and makea caterpillar. Use two sections and some tissue paper and make a butterfly.Make a spider with long, chenille stems legs! Use your imagination and I bet youcan think of a lot more!

Hog: Paint half the bump side of an egg carton any color and let dry. Make two

holes in top of one end section and insert chenille stem down and up so bothends of stem stick out on top of bump. Shape ends of stems for antennae. Addwiggle eyes to front of bump for caterpillar eyes.

Penguin: Trim an egg carton cup to even it out a bit. Paint inside and outsideblack. Let dry. Poke a hole in the middle of cup and four holes in each side. Putstring through top hole and tie off. (Elastic string works great for a dragline) Puttwist ties in each side hole and bend back ends inside cup to hold. May need toadd glue or tape to hold in place. Glue eyes on.



53/64

Denim Rugs

Materials

Old denims

Scissors Dressmakers pencil

Needle

Thread

Instructions

Cut a piece of heavy-duty denim fabric for the backing, to the desired size, andfinish the edges with bias tape.

Mark the backing fabric with dressmaker's pencil or something similar. Start at

the outside edge and draw lines one inch apart. In the sample shown, the lineswere drawn in decreasing rectangles, but straight lines would work too.

Cut two (2) by three (3) inch rectangles of thin denim.

Starting in the center of the denim fabric, and working outwards, begin sewingthe fabric rectangles to the backing fabric. Sew straight through the middle of therectangle width, so both sides stick up evenly, gathering the fabric either beforeyou stick the fabric under the presser foot, or bunching it up as you sew.

When you have completed one line, or gone around one marked rectangle, sew

it down again to secure it.

For the last rounds, cut the rectangles in half along the length, to makerectangles that are 1 inches by 2 inches, and sew along the edge of thebacking fabric, so that the last row lies flat.



54/64

Tin Can Storage Containers

Materials

Tin cans in assorted sizes

Wallpaper remnants Scrapbook paper

Gift wrap paper or fabricwooden coat rack

Ribbon

Wood

Two (2) part epoxy glue

Acrylic craft paint

Two 1-1/2" saw tooth picture hangers

Glue

Instructions:

First, take the labels off the cans carefully; these labels will be your templates.

Wash and dry the cans thoroughly.

Take your label templates and trace them onto wall paper, paper, or fabric -whatever you want to use to cover the cans.

Cut out each traced template and glue around your cans. Let dry.

While the cans are drying, you can sand the piece of wood and wipe off anywood dust. Paint the wood in your choice of colors and let dry.

You can seal the wood that you painted with a spray or brush on sealer.

Hammer the hangers on the back of your wood, one on each side. For each can, glue a matching ribbon around the lip of the can, with each end

meeting in the front.

Sample Rubric

Beginning(1)

Developing(2)

Accomplished(3)

Exemplary(4)

Score

Effectivenessof ProductDesign

Both form andfunction needimprovement

Satisfactoryform orfunction but

not both

Good formand function

Outstandingform andfunction

Overallquality andworkmanship

Low quality,not

marketable

Marginalquality of

workmanship

Fair quality,somewhatmarketable

Very goodquality andmarketable

Creativityandimagination

No evidence Littleevidence

Someevidence

Highly creativeand innovative



55/64

Task 4: Making a Job Order

Waste Management Job Order and Agreement

Directions:Fill in the blank job order below and compare with other groups.

To: ______________________________________________

Date Order:

Job Location:

Order Taken By:

Job Name:

Preparation Segregation Brown Green Fertilizing

Disposal

Designing/Planning Biodegradable ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )Soil Preparation Non-Biodegradable ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

Composting Hazardous ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )Excavation Soiled ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )Waste preparation

Layering

Description of Work

Watering Labor Hours Rate Amount

Others

Waste Management

Prevention Total Labor Cost

Reduction Qty. Materials Unit Cost AmountRecyclingEnergy saving

DisposalCollection

Transfer

Total

I hereby acknowledge the completion of the described work.

_____________________________________Signature/Date


56/64

My Reflection

Directions: Fill in the responses column your honest answers.

Questions Responses1. What have you just donetoday?

2. How can familiarity in thevarious processes and principleshelp you in providing quality and

marketable waste managementproducts/services?

3. How can your new learninghelp you be a recycling artist andwaste management personnel inthe future and harvest greatrewards?

4. What are your general

impressions about wastemanagement now?


57/64

TRANSFER YOUR UNDERSTANDING

This phase challenges you to organize your learning experiences on the practical

applications of waste reduction, segregation, and utilization by producing quality,marketable, and profitable recyclable products and providing effective and efficientwaste management services. Likewise, the activities you will undergo in this phase willchallenge you to transfer independently your learning in a new setting.


Task 1: GRASPS Model

Directions: Please prepare a Goal, Role, Audience, Situation, Product, Performanceand Performance, and Standards and Criteria for Success (GRASPS) design in creatingnew articles/projects out of recyclable materials

GRASPS Model

Goal Your task is to create a new article out of recyclable materials.

Role You are a craftsman or a handicrafts maker and you need to come upwith quality, marketable, and profitable article from waste products.

Audience You are letting your classmates know the marvel of transforming wastematerials to marketable, useful, and totally innovative product.

Situation The challenges involve looking for waste materials, designing a new

product, and creating new product.

Product andPerformance

You will create quality, marketable, and profitable recyclable productusing the concepts and principles you have learned in wastemanagement.

Standard forSuccess

Your product must meet the following standards: effectiveness of productdesign, overall quality and workmanship, and creativity andinnovativeness.


58/64

Task 2: Mini-Exhibit

The students outputs/projects in home business management class, specifically,the lessons learned from waste management will be showcased in a mini-exhibit. Also,students will be guided by their teacher in planning, implementing, and assessing thesaid activity.

Also, students will use Gantt chart in planning and tracking their activities.

Directions: Fill in the chart with projects/tasks/activities and their corresponding dates ofimplementation.

Projects/Tasks/Activities Dates

1. Planning


59/64

TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION (TLE)

RUBRIC FOR PERFORMANCE

Dimension Highly

Skilled5

Skilled

4

Moderately

Skilled3

Unskilled

2

No Attempt

1

Use of tools,equipment, andmaterials

Appropriateselection,preparation,and use ofmaterialsand tools/equipmentall the time

Appropriateselection,preparation,and use ofmaterialsand tools/equipmentmost of thetime

Appropriateselection,preparation,and use ofmaterialsand tools/equipmentsome of thetime

Neverselects,preparation,and use ofmaterialsand tools/equipmentall the time

No attempt tuse tools/equipment

Application ofprocedure

Systematicapplicationofproceduresall the timewithoutsupervision

Systematicapplicationofproceduresall the timewithminimumsupervision

Systematicapplicationofproceduressome thetime withconstantsupervision

Neverfollowssystematicapplicationofproceduresall the timewithoutsupervision

No attemptto applyproceduresto project

Safety/ Workhabits

Highly self-motivated

andobserves allsafetyprecautionsat all times


andobservesmost safetyprecautionsmost ofthe times


andobservessometimessome safetyprecautions

Needs to bemotivated

andobserves allsafetyprecautions

Nomotivation

and totallydisregardsprecaution

Speed/ Time Workfinishedahead oftime

Workfinishedmeetsdeadline

Workfinishedclose todeadline

Workfinished waybeyonddeadline

No conceptof time

Maximum points: 20


60/64

Self-Rating Checklist

Directions: You will use this matrix to rate your level of mastery of each competencyprior to studying the lesson (PRE), and after you complete the module (POST). For

each competency, place a check mark (/) under the appropriate PRE column whichbest describes your level of mastery prior to studying the lesso

HE1 HMBQ3&Q4 Waste Management

Documents

Transcript of HE1 HMBQ3&Q4 Waste Management