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    HB90.0:2000

    The ISO 9001 Comparison 2000 vs 1994

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    The ISO 9001 Comparison

    2000 vs 1994

    COPYRIGHT

    Standards Australia/Standards New ZealandAll rights are reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or copied in any form or by anymeans, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without the written permission of the

    publisher.

    Jointly published by Standards Australia International Ltd, GPO Box 5420, Sydney, NSW 2001and Standards New Zealand, Private Bag 2439, Wellington 6020

    ISBN 0 7337 3696 3

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    PREFACE

    This Handbook, HB 90.0, has been prepared to provide assistance to those who wish to get an understanding

    of the differences between the 2000 and the 1994 versions of ISO 9001.

    In the Handbook, the clauses of the 1994 version are mapped against the relevant clause(s) of the 2000

    version. Because of the differences in the structure of the two versions of the standard, some of the clauses

    (or parts of the clauses) of the 1994 version are mapped against two or more clauses of the 2000 version.

    This Handbook replaces the interim version, HB 150(Int):2000 which compared ISO/DIS 9001:2000 with

    ISO 9001:1994.

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    CONTENTS

    Page

    HOW TO READ THIS HANDBOOK ........................................................................................5

    MAJOR CHANGES ...................................................................................................................7

    DETAILED COMPARISON OF

    ISO 9001:2000, Quality management systems Requirements

    WITH

    ISO 9001:1994, Quality systems Model for quality assurance in design,

    development, production, installation and servicing ............................................................9

    FOREWORD..............................................................................................................................9

    0 INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................11

    0.1 General...........................................................................................................................11

    0.2 Process approach............................................................................................................12

    0.3 Relationship with ISO 9004 ...........................................................................................14

    0.4 Compatibility with other management systems ..............................................................15

    1 SCOPE...................................................................................................................................16

    1.1 General...........................................................................................................................16

    1.2 Application.....................................................................................................................17

    2 NORMATIVE REFERENCE.................................................................................................18

    3 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS ...............................................................................................19

    4 QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM.................................................................................20

    4.1 General requirements .....................................................................................................20

    4.2 Documentation requirements..........................................................................................21

    5 MANAGEMENT RESPONSIBILITY...................................................................................25

    5.1 Management commitment ..............................................................................................25

    5.2 Customer focus ..............................................................................................................26

    5.3 Quality policy.................................................................................................................27

    5.4 Planning .........................................................................................................................28

    5.5 Responsibility, authority and communication.................................................................30

    5.6 Management review .......................................................................................................32

    6 RESOURCE MANAGEMENT..............................................................................................33

    6.1 Provision of resources ....................................................................................................33

    6.2 Human resources ............................................................................................................33

    6.3 Infrastructure..................................................................................................................34

    6.4 Work environment..........................................................................................................34

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    7 PRODUCT REALIZATION ..................................................................................................35

    7.1 Planning of product realization.......................................................................................35

    7.2 Customer-related processes ............................................................................................37

    7.3 Design and development ................................................................................................39

    7.4 Purchasing......................................................................................................................43

    7.5 Production and service provision....................................................................................46

    7.6 Control of monitoring and measuring devices ................................................................51

    8 MEASUREMENT, ANALYSIS AND IMPROVEMENT......................................................53

    8.1 General...........................................................................................................................53

    8.2 Monitoring and measurement.........................................................................................53

    8.3 Control of nonconforming product .................................................................................57

    8.4 Analysis of data..............................................................................................................588.5 Improvement ..................................................................................................................58

    ANNEXES

    A CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN ISO 9001:2000 AND ISO 14001:1996........................60

    B CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN ISO 9001:2000 AND ISO 9001:1994 ..........................64

    BIBLIOGRAPHY .....................................................................................................................68

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    5

    HOW TO READ THIS HANDBOOK

    Throughout this Handbook, the following abbreviations are used:

    The 1994 version refers to ISO 9001:1994;

    The 2000 version refers to ISO 9001:2000.

    SECTION 1 gives a broad outline of the concepts behind the current revisions and a broad outline of the

    major changes that have occurred as a result.

    SECTION 2 is where the detailed comparisons are given. Because (as described in Section 1) there has been

    a major structural change, the full text of the clauses from each of the standards is given.

    The text of each clause of the 2000 version is given first and the relevant clause(s) (or part of the clause)

    from the 1994 version alongside, followed by a COMMENT. (See Example below.)

    EXAMPLE

    2000 version 1994 version

    C-Txt

    I-S

    PLUS

    4.2.2 Quality Manual

    The organization shall establish and maintain a

    quality manual that includes

    a) the scope of the quality management system,

    including details of andjustification for any

    exclusions (see 1.2),

    b) the documented procedures established for the

    quality management system, or reference to them,

    and

    c) a description of the interaction between the

    processes of the quality management system.

    4.2.1 General

    The supplier shall establish, document andmaintain a quality system as a means ofensuring that product conforms to specifiedrequirements. The supplier shall prepare aquality manual covering the requirements of thisInternational Standard. The quality manual shallinclude or make reference to the quality systemprocedures and outline the structure of thedocumentation used in the quality system.

    NOTE 6 Guidance on quality manuals is givenin ISO 10013.

    !The greyed text is dealt with in clause4.1 of the 2000 version.

    COMMENT

    The 2000 version goes beyond the requirements of the 1994 version in that the organization now needs

    to address how to achieve customer satisfaction.

    __________________________________________________________________________________

    HOW CHANGES ARE SHOWN

    In the example above, a set of indicators is used to give a quick picture of the correlation and these are

    located on the left of the 2000 version clause. The indicators are given in Table 1, but in the example, the

    indicators are

    C-Txt = Changed Text;

    I-S = Intent is the same;

    PLUS = some new requirements.

    Any new requirements in the 2000 version are shown in bold as per the example.

    Where, in the clause in the 1994 version, only part of the text is relevant to the clause being considered in the

    2000 version, the non-relevant text is shown in grey.The ! icon is used to provide additional information; in the example it shows where else in the 2000

    version, the greyed text is dealt with.

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    Table 1 Details of indicators used to show the comparison between

    the clauses of the 2000 version and the 1994 version

    Correlation

    Indicator

    Description

    S-TxtThe text is essentially the same in each standard (there may be minor

    word changes which do not affect the meaning or intent).

    S-Txt

    PLUS

    The text is essentially the same in each standard (there may be minor

    word changes which do not affect the meaning or intent)

    but there are some new requirements. The new requirements are shown

    in bold.

    C-Txt

    I-S

    The text in AS/NZS ISO 9001:2000 has changed from that of ISO

    9001:1994. However the intent has not altered.

    C-TxtI-S

    PLUS

    The text in AS/NZS ISO 9001:2000 has changed from that of ISO

    9001:1994. However the intent has not altered,but there are some additional new requirements. The new requirements

    are shown in bold.

    NEWThis is a new requirement and there is no equivalent in ISO 9001:1994.

    N/ENo equivalent in ISO 9001:1994 but the text in ISO 9001:2000 is

    editorial and does not provide requirements to be met.

    !!!! This icon is used to provide additional information, e.g. only part of aclause is relevant and the remainder is dealt with elsewhere.

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    MAJOR CHANGES

    There are a number of fundamental changes that have taken place during the current revision process. The

    major changes are

    Process approach

    A process model approach has been used to develop the 2000 version of ISO 9001. As a result the old 20

    clause structure of the 1994 version has gone and the standard structure is now more closely aligned to

    business working practices.

    While at first glance, it would appear that the 2000 version has been completely rewritten, what has actually

    happened is that the most of the content of the 1994 version has been redistributed into the new process

    model structure. In doing so, the text may have been changed but in many cases the intent of the clause has

    not. However it is true that new requirements have been added and the major ones are discussed briefly here

    and in more detail in Section 2.

    One beneficial outcome of this approach is that the weighting given to the content via a main clause and

    subclause structure is more appropriate to business needs. In the old 20 clause approach the clause

    numbering gave undue weight to some aspects of relatively minor importance.

    One standard for certification

    ISO 9001:2000 is now the only standard on which certification can be based. ISO 9002 and ISO 9003 have

    been withdrawn.1

    Provision has been made for those who had certification to ISO 9002 or ISO 9003. This

    has been done through a permissible exclusions approach which is detailed in clause 1.2 on page 17.

    Terminology

    The standard now uses the relationship of supplier organization customer which is in line with

    normal business practice. (This replaces the subcontractor supplier customer terminology of the 1994

    version.) The term subcontractor is no longer appears in the standard and can be used in the normal context

    of usage.

    Continual improvement

    Organizations are now required to have a process of continual improvement built into their quality

    management system. This means that when justifiable opportunities for improvement arise, they should be

    implemented.

    Customer satisfaction

    The 2000 version now requires an organization to have a much stronger customer focus and to monitor

    information on customer perceptions about how well your organization has met the customers requirements.

    This is one of the means to be used in evaluating the performance of the quality management system.

    Internal communication

    There is now a requirement for an organization to have an internal communication process to provideinformation on the quality management system and its effectiveness.

    Competence

    In assessing human resources and in training, the issue of competence has been introduced and will need to

    be addressed within the organization.

    Less documented procedures demanded

    The standard has shifted the emphasis on the need for documentation of procedures from the standard to the

    organization. The standard now requires only six documented procedures.

    The organization itself will need to decide what other documentation is needed for it to control its operations

    and processes.

    1 ISO 9001:1994, ISO 9002:1994 and ISO 9003:1994 are available as superseded standards from

    www.ISO9000-2000.com

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    Interaction between processes

    The standard now more clearly defines that the production processes and the resultant product(s) are part of

    the quality management system. There is a requirement for the organization to describe its processes and

    how they interact.

    OutsourcingThe standard now recognizes that organizations do outsource activities and has a requirement that the

    organization has to exercise control over the outsourced processes.

    Other changes

    There are a number of other changes, which are either a new requirement within a clause or an extension of

    the requirement(s) of the 1994 version.

    These are indicated within each of the clauses of the 2000 version by one or more of the methods detailed in

    How to read this Handbook.

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    DETAILED COMPARISON OF

    ISO 9001:2000, Quality management systems Requirements

    WITH

    ISO 9001:1994, Quality systems Model for quality assurance in

    design, development, production, installation and servicing

    2000 Version 1994 Version

    S-Txt

    PLUS

    Foreword

    ISO (the International Organization for

    Standardization) is a worldwide federation of

    national standards bodies (ISO member bodies).

    The work of preparing International Standards is

    normally carried out through ISO technical

    committees. Each member body interested in a

    subject for which a technical committee has been

    established has the right to be represented on that

    committee. International organizations,

    governmental and non-governmental, in liaison

    with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO

    collaborates closely with the InternationalElectrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters

    of electrotechnical standardization.

    International Standards are drafted in accordance

    with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives,

    Part 3.

    Draft International Standards adopted by the

    technical committees are circulated to the member

    bodies for voting. Publication as an International

    Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the

    member bodies casting a vote.

    Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of

    the elements of this International Standard may be

    the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held

    responsible for identifying any or all such patent

    rights.

    International Standard, ISO 9001was prepared by

    Technical Committee ISO/TC 176, Quality

    management and quality assurance, Subcommittee

    SC 2, Quality systems.

    This third edition of ISO 9001 cancels and

    replaces the second edition (ISO 9001:1994)together with ISO 9002:1994 and ISO 9003:1994.

    It constitutes a technical revision of these

    documents. Those organizations which have used

    Foreword

    ISO (the International Organization forStandardization) is a worldwide federationof national standards bodies (ISO mmemberbodies). The work of preparing InternationalStandards is normally carried out throughISO technical committees. Each member bodyinterested in a subject for which a technicalcommittee has been established has the right tobe represented on that committee. Internationalorganizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, can also takepart in the work. ISO collaborates closely withthe International Electrotechnical Commission(IEC) on all matters of electrotechnicalstandardization.

    Draft International Standards adopted by thetechnical committees are circulated to themember bodies for voting. Publication as anInternational Standard requires approval by atleast 75% of the member bodies casting a vote.

    International Standard ISO 9001 was preparedby Technical Committee ISO/TC 176, Qualitymanagement and quality assuraance,Subcommittee SC 2,Quality systems.

    This second edition cancels and replaces thefirst edition (ISO 9001:1987), which has beentechnically revised.

    Annex A of this International Standard is for

    information only.

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    2000 Version 1994 Version

    ISO 9002:1994 and ISO 9003:1994 in the past

    may use this International Standard by excluding

    certain requirements in accordance with 1.2.

    The title of ISO 9001 has been revised in thisedition and no longer includes the term Quality

    assurance. This reflects the fact that the quality

    management system requirements specified in this

    edition of ISO 9001, in addition to quality

    assurance of product, also aim to enhance

    customer satisfaction.

    Annexes A and B of this International Standard

    are for information only.

    COMMENT

    The Foreword describes the first major change in the 2000 version, in that ISO 9002 and ISO 9003 willbe incorporated into the revision of ISO 9001. However, the way this change has been implemented still

    allows those whose systems are based on either ISO 9002 or ISO 9003 to continue on a similar basis.

    How this is achieved is contained in clause 1.2,Application.

    The other major change noted is in the title, which actually indicates the emphasis of this revision,

    concentrating on the performance of the quality management system and the achievement of its

    objectives. The other major objective of the standard is the enhancement of customer satisfaction.

    There has been no change in the text that outlines how ISO standards are produced.

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    2000 Version 1994 Version

    C-Txt

    I-S

    0 Introduction

    0.1 General

    The adoption of a quality management systemshould be a strategic decision of the organization.

    The design and implementation of an

    organization's quality management system is

    influenced by varying needs, particular objectives,

    the products provided, the processes employed and

    the size and structure of the organization. It is not

    the intent of this International Standard to imply

    uniformity in the structure of quality management

    systems or uniformity of documentation.

    The quality management system requirements

    specified in this International Standard arecomplementary to technical requirements for

    products. Information marked NOTE is for

    guidance in understanding or clarifying the

    associated requirement.

    This International Standard can be used by internal

    and external parties, including certification bodies,

    to assess the organizations ability to meet

    customer, regulatory and the organization's own

    requirements.

    The quality management principles stated in

    ISO 9000 and ISO 9004 have been taken intoconsideration during the development of this

    International Standard.

    Introduction

    This International Standard is one of threeInternational Standards dealing with qualitysystem requirements that can be used for

    external quality assurance purposes. Thequality assurance models, set out in the threeInternational Standards listed below, representthree distinct forms of quality systemrequirements suitable for the purpose of asupplier demonstrating its capability, and for theassessment of the capability of a supplier byexternal parties.

    a) ISO 9001, Quality systemsModel forquality assurance in design, development,production, installation and servicing

    or use when conformance to specifiedrequirements is to be assured by thesupplier during design, development,production, installation and servicing.

    b) ISO 9002, Quality systemsModel forquality assurance in production, installationand servicing

    for use when conformance to specifiedrequirements is to be assured by thesupplier during production, installation andservicing.

    c) ISO 9003, Quality systemsModel forquality assurance in final inspection and test

    for use when conformance to specifiedrequirements is to be assured by the

    supplier solely at final inspection and test.It is emphasized that the quality systemrequirements specified in this InternationalStandard, ISO 9002 and ISO 9003 arecomplementary (not alternative) to the technical(product) specified requirements. They specifyrequirements which determine what elementsquality systems have to encompass, but it is notthe purpose of these International Standards toenforce uniformity of quality systems. They aregeneric and independent of any specific industryor economic sector. The design and implemen-tation of a quality system will be influenced bythe varying needs of an organization, its

    particular objectives, the products and servicessupplied, and the processes and specificpractices employed.

    It is intended that these International Standardswill be adopted in their present form, but onoccasions they may need to be tailored byadding or deleting certain quality systemrequirements for specific contractual situations.ISO 9000-1 provides guidance on such tailoringas well as on selection of the appropriate qualityassurance model, i.e. ISO 9001, ISO 9002 orISO 9003.

    !The issue of tailoring is addressed in

    the clause 1 Scope (1994 version).

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    COMMENT

    This section of the Introduction covers the same ground as the 1994 version. However since ISO 9002

    and ISO 9003 have been incorporated into the 2000 version, reference to these has been deleted.

    As in the 1994 version, the design of an organizations quality management system and the associated

    documentation needs to meet the requirements of the organization. ISO Committee TC 176 is not

    recommending that the structure of the quality management system and/or documentation has to be in

    any particular format to comply with the requirements of the standard. The decision on how the 2000

    version is implemented is up to each individual organization.

    2000 version 1994 version

    N/E

    0.2 Process approach

    This International Standard promotes the adoption

    of a process approach when developing,

    implementing and improving the effectiveness of aquality management system, to enhance the

    customer satisfaction by meeting customer

    requirements.

    For an organization to function effectively, it has

    to identify and manage numerous linked activities.

    An activity using resources and managed in order

    to enable the transformation of inputs into outputs,

    can be considered as a process. Often the output

    from one process directly forms the input to the

    next.

    The application of a system of processes within anorganization, together with the identification and

    interactions of these processes, and their

    management, can be referred to as the process

    approach.

    An advantage of the process approach is the

    ongoing control that it provides over the linkage

    between the individual processes within the

    system of processes, as well as over their

    combination and interaction.

    When used within a quality management system,

    such an approach emphasizes the importance of

    a) understanding and meeting requirements,

    b) the need to consider processes in terms of

    added value,

    c) obtaining results of process performance and

    effectiveness, and

    d) continual improvement of processes based on

    objective measurement.

    The model of a process-based quality management

    system shown in Figure 1 illustrates the process

    linkages presented in clauses 4 to 8. This

    illustration shows that customers play a significant

    role in defining requirements as inputs. Monitoring

    of customer satisfaction requires the evaluation of

    !There is no equivalent to this part ofthe Introduction.

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    2000 version 1994 version

    information relating to customer perception as to

    whether the organization has met the customer

    requirements. The model shown in Figure 1 covers

    all the requirements of this International Standard,

    but does not show processes at a detailed level.

    NOTE In addition, the methodology known as

    Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) can be applied to all

    processes. PDCA can be briefly described as

    follows:

    Plan: establish the objectives and processes

    necessary to deliver results in accordance

    with customer requirements and the

    organization's policies;

    Do: implement the processes;

    Check: monitor and measure processes and productagainst policies, objectives and

    requirements for the product and report the

    results;

    Act: take actions to continually improve process

    performance.

    Figure 1 Model of a process-based quality

    management system

    COMMENT

    This section of the Introduction is new and describes a major change in approach in the 2000 version.

    The quality management system is now based on a process model as described in 0.2 Process approach

    and further discussed in ISO 9000:2000, Quality management systemsFundamentals and vocabulary

    and ISO 9004:2000, Quality management systemsGuidelines for performance improvements.

    It is not intended to cover the concepts of the process model here since they are adequately dealt with in

    the two references given above.

    However, the change to a process model has meant that the structure of the standard needed to be

    substantially revised. As a consequence, the 2000 version has moved away from the 20 element

    structure of the 1994 version. While the content of the 1994 version has been carried over into the 2000

    version structure, the text has been modified to a large extent to either present the requirements more

    succinctly or more clearly without altering the intent to any great extent.

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    The other problem that existed as a result of the structure of the 1994 version was that all clauses in the

    4.1 to 4.20 group carried the same weight. In restructuring the 2000 version, it has been possible to place

    the emphasis where it is needed.

    2000 version 1994 version

    N/E

    0.3 Relationship with ISO 9004

    The present editions of ISO 9001 and ISO 9004

    have been developed as a consistent pair of quality

    management system standards which have been

    designed to complement each other, but can also

    be used independently. Although the two

    International Standards have different scopes, they

    have similar structures in order to assist their

    application as a consistent pair.

    ISO 9001 specifies requirements for a quality

    management system that can be used for internal

    application by organizations, or for certification,

    or for contractual purposes. It focuses on the

    effectiveness of the quality management system in

    meeting customer requirements.

    ISO 9004 gives guidance on a wider range of

    objectives of a quality management system than

    does ISO 9001, particularly for the continual

    improvement of an organizations overall

    performance and efficiency, as well as its

    effectiveness. ISO 9004 is recommended as a

    guide for organizations whose top management

    wishes to move beyond the requirements of ISO

    9001, in pursuit of continual improvement of

    performance. However, it is not intended for

    certification or for contractual purposes.

    !There is no equivalent to this part ofthe Introduction.

    COMMENT

    The companion standard, ISO 9004, which gives guidance on the improvement of the performance of a

    quality management system, has now been aligned in clause structure with ISO 9001:2000, which

    specifically details the requirements.

    ISO 9004 is intended to be used by those who wish to go beyond the requirements of ISO 9001 and seek

    further improvement of their quality management system. ISO 9004 is not a guide to the implementation

    to ISO 9001.

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    2000 Version 1994 Version

    N/E

    0.4 Compatibility with other managementsystems

    This International Standard has been aligned withISO 14001:1996 in order to enhance the

    compatibility of the two standards for the benefit

    of the user community.

    This International Standard does not include

    requirements specific to other management

    systems, such as those particular to environmental

    management, occupational health and safety

    management, financial management or risk

    management. However, this International Standard

    enables an organization to align or integrate its

    own quality management system with relatedmanagement system requirements. It is possible

    for an organization to adapt its existing

    management system(s) in order to establish a

    quality management system that complies with the

    requirements of this International Standard.

    !There is no equivalent to this part ofthe Introduction.

    COMMENT

    Alignment with other management systems is becoming an important issue for many organizations.

    While the only other published International Management System standard is ISO 14001 on

    environmental management systems, there may be more published in the future and it may be necessary

    to consider any such future systems. Alignment of the two standards has been undertaken to assist thoseorganizations who wish to integrate their management systems.

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    2000 Version 1994 Version

    C-TxtI-S

    PLUS

    1 Scope

    1.1 GeneralThis International Standard specifies

    requirements for a quality management system

    where an organization

    a) needs to demonstrate its ability to

    consistently provide product that meets

    customer and applicable regulatory

    requirements, and

    b) aims to enhance customer satisfaction

    through the effective application of the

    system, including processes for continual

    improvement of the system and the

    assurance of conformity to customer and

    applicable regulatory requirements.

    NOTE In this International Standard, the term

    product applies only to the product intended for,

    or required by, a customer.

    1 Scope

    This International Standard specifies quality

    system requirements for use where a supplier'scapability to design and supply conformingproduct needs to be demonstrated.

    The requirements specified are aimed primarilyat achieving customer satisfaction by preventingnonconformity at all stages from design through

    to servicing.

    This International Standard is applicable insituations when

    a) design is required and the productrequirements are stated principally inperformance terms, or they need to beestablished, and

    b) confidence in product conformance can beattained by adequate demonstration of asupplier's capabilities in design,development, production, installation andservicing.

    NOTE 1 For information references, see

    annex A

    COMMENT

    In the 2000 version, a major change has been to introduce the concept of enhancing customer

    satisfaction through effective application of the system, including processes for continualimprovement of the system. (This is a significant extension, particularly the need for continual

    improvement.) It also now places emphasis on both assurance of conformity and meeting any regulatory

    requirements that apply to the product as additional means of enhancing customer satisfaction.

    The standard has taken a positive approach requiring assurance of conformity of product rather than the

    negative approach of prevention of nonconformity.

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