Hazards.

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HSE management View Part I - Dr. Attia Gomaa - 2007

1/Ch. 6

Chapter 6: Hazard Classification & Hazard Control Hazard :Anything which has the potential to cause Harm

Hazards types:1- Physical Hazards 2- Engineering Hazards: - Mechanical Hazards - Electrical Hazards 3- Chemical Hazards 4- Ergonomics Hazards 5- Biological HazardsHSEM

Hazards Substances1. Flammable

2. 3. 4. 5.

Explosive Toxic Irritant Corrosive


2/Ch. 6

Physical Hazards Falling from heights and falling objects Temperature extremes (Very hot, Very cold cryogenic liquid) Radiation (Ionizing Radiation + Non-ionizing radiation). Pressure Confined space hazards (Engulfment Asphyxiation Explosion) Cave in Noise.

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3/Ch. 6

Working at heightsDue to the many activities conducted at high elevation levels, falling is considered one of the major hazards in the plant. This hazard arises when performing activities on an exposed working platform or from materials accidentally falling from heights.HSEMHSE management View Part I - Dr. Attia Gomaa - 2007

4/Ch. 6

Fall prevention system must be used whenever work is performed at 1,8 m above a work level from an exposed location. (Fall protection not required when working behind handrails)

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5/Ch. 6

Fall protection systems Guardrail System, Personal Fall Arrest System, Positioning Device System, Warning Lines System. If your job involves working at heights and the need to use a safety harness you must attend 100% tie off training. Attend 100% tie off training

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7/Ch. 6

Fall Protection

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8/Ch. 6

Work at heightsIf these three workers fell down from these heights, the consequences will be different.

The probability of falling off an edge is more likely the closer you are working to it.

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9/Ch. 6

Temperature Extremes

Very HOTMany internal combustion equipments exist in the plant (Incinerators, Gas Turbines, Heaters...). All these equipment generate high temperatures creating many hot surfaces and extremely hot exhaust.HSEM

Control Measures All hot surfaces are identified with a sign. All hot surfaces are located away from passageways. The proper PPE will be used while performing any job near this surfaces. i.e. Gloves


10/Ch. 6

Radiation Radiation is occasionally used on site to inspect welds, etc. Because of radiation risks special precautions one taken You must not work with or near radiation sources unless you have special : 1- Non Ionizing Radiation - Qualifications (Ultra Violet, Infra Red, Microwave, Laser) - Training 2- Ionizing Radiation - Permit(Alpha , Beta particles and Gamma rays) X rays, another major type of radiation, arise from artificial source.

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11/Ch. 6

Hazards of Non-Ionizing Radiation

Its energy is transformed into thermal energy. Thermal energy generates heat. Some energy can cause burns (IR), and can cause cataracts and can burn the cornea and injure the retina UV can cause blindness.

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12/Ch. 6

Hazards of Ionizing Radiation Radiation is carcinogen, can cause cancer. It may also cause other adverse health effects, including genetic defects in the children of exposed parents or mental retardation in the children of mothers exposed during pregnancy.

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13/Ch. 6

So whenever you see this sign at a barricaded area

DO NOT ENTER

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14/Ch. 6

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15/Ch. 6

Pressure:Pressurized systems are one of the most dangerous potential hazards that may lead to a major explosion. During commissioning and maintenance many systems are exposed to pneumatic tests to check the system competency.

During normal operation most of the systems are pressurized.

Dont under estimate low pressure

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16/Ch. 6

Low Pressure

Force = pressure multiplied by area so:20 in. Manway

10 psig

3,140 Pounds of Force

if suddenly released it goes flying.10 psi pressure on a 20 manway (314 square inch surface area) is 3,140 pounds of force! Calculation: 314 X 10= 3,140 This is equivalent to an object that weighs 3,140 lbs. And a 20 manway only weighs about 275 lbs.HSEMHSE management View Part I - Dr. Attia Gomaa - 2007

17/Ch. 6

CONFINED SPACE A space that: Is large enough and so configured that an employee can enter bodily and perform work; Has limited or restricted means of entry or exit; Is not designed for continuous human occupancy.

Examples: Tanks Manholes Boilers Furnaces Sewers Vaults Pipes Trenches Tunnels Ducts Pits

EXCAVATION SAFETY: All excavations require an excavation permit Obtain an excavation permit via the permit to work systemHSEM


18/Ch. 6

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19/Ch. 6

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20/Ch. 6

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21/Ch. 6

Potential Hazards in Confined Spaces Oxygen Deficiency

Hazards.

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