HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES CONTAINED IN COMMON CONSTRUCTION...

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HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES CONTAINED IN COMMON CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

By

ALVARO JOSE VANEGAS

A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT

OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA

2011

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© 2011 Alvaro José Vanegas

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To my family

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This thesis would not have happened without my parents and siblings who have

been strong supporters for me and all of the professors on my thesis board who gave

me the knowledge I now possess.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS page

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................................. 4

LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................ 7

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................. 8

ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................... 9

CHAPTER

1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 11

The Construction Industry and Progress................................................................. 11 Substance Regulations ........................................................................................... 12

Substance Assessment .................................................................................... 12 Health Hazards ................................................................................................. 13

2 LITERATURE REVIEW .......................................................................................... 14

Work Force Organizations ...................................................................................... 15 The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ................................................... 16

EPA advantages ........................................................................................ 16 EPA functions ............................................................................................ 16

The Occupational Safety and Health and Administration (OSHA) .................... 17 OSHA standards ........................................................................................ 17 OSHA inspections ...................................................................................... 19

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) ................ 19 Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS) ............................ 20

The National Toxicology Program (NTP) .......................................................... 20 International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) ...................................... 21

Construction Products............................................................................................. 21

Adhesives ......................................................................................................... 22 Caulks .............................................................................................................. 22 Paints ............................................................................................................... 23

Hazardous Substances ........................................................................................... 23 Hazard Communication Standard ........................................................................... 24

Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) ....................................................................... 24

3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ............................................................................... 27

4 RESULTS ............................................................................................................... 30

Adhesives ............................................................................................................... 30 Caulk....................................................................................................................... 32

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Paint Products ........................................................................................................ 33

Carcinogenic ........................................................................................................... 35

5 CONCLUSIONS ..................................................................................................... 53

6 RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................................................... 55

Establishment Information ...................................................................................... 55 Non-Hazardous Substitutes .................................................................................... 55 Warning Labels ....................................................................................................... 56 Safety Data ............................................................................................................. 56

Safety Data Search ................................................................................................. 57 Education System ................................................................................................... 58 Future Research ..................................................................................................... 58

APPENDIX: TABLE OF PRODUCTS ............................................................................ 59

LIST OF REFERENCES ............................................................................................. 156

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH .......................................................................................... 159

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LIST OF TABLES

Table page 4-1 Adhesive usage .................................................................................................. 36

4-2 Selected hazardous substances and percentages in adhesive products ........... 36

4-3 Adhesives product brands and quantities ........................................................... 37

4-4 NIOSH classification of hazardous substances in adhesive products ................ 38

4-5 Exterior caulk product brands and usages ......................................................... 40

4-6 Interior caulk product brands and usages ........................................................... 40

4-7 Selected hazardous substances and percentages in caulk products ................. 41

4-8 Caulk product brands and quantities .................................................................. 42

4-9 NIOSH classification of hazardous substances in caulk products ...................... 43

4-10 Selected hazardous substances and percentages in paint products .................. 47

4-11 Paint product brands and quantities ................................................................... 48

4-12 NIOSH classification of hazardous substances for paint products...................... 49

4-13 Selected hazardous substances in paint products .............................................. 52

A-1 Product Data Sheet ............................................................................................ 59

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

ACGIH American Conference of Industrial Hygienists

AFM American Formulating and Manufacturing

CDC Center for Disease Control and Prevention

CFR Code of Federal Regulations

CII Construction Industry Institute

CNS Central Nervous System

CVS Cardiovascular System

GI Gastrointestinal

HCS Hazard Communication Standard

IARC International Agency for Research on Cancer

MEK Methyl Ethyl Ketone

NTP National Toxicology Program

NIOSH National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

NPS National Park Service

NSC National Safety Council

OSHA Occupational Safety & Health Administration

PNS Peripheral Nervous System

Resp Respiratory System

Repr Reproductive System

RTECS Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances

UF University of Florida

UPC Universal Product Code

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Abstract of Thesis Presented to the Graduate School of the University of Florida in Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in Building Construction

HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES CONTAINED IN COMMON CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

By

Alvaro José Vanegas

August, 2011

Chair: Jimmie Hinze Cochair: Robert Ries Major: Building Construction

The construction industry has maintained a slow pace in the reduction of worker

injuries. Workers in this field have a significantly higher chance of obtaining work-related

injuries, when compared to all workers. In addition, injuries in the field of construction

have been more than double the rate of most other industries. While most efforts to

reduce worker injuries have been focused on unsafe work conditions and unsafe

actions, a significant number of injuries are associated with worker exposures to

hazardous substances. Some of these injuries have occurred due to a lack of

information regarding hazardous substances.

Conventional construction products such as adhesives, caulks, and paints contain

potential illness-causing substances. Some of the substances that may be found in

these products are acetone, formaldehyde, silica, mineral spirits and ethylene glycol.

Many other hazardous substances may also be contained by the products. Exposure to

these hazardous substances can result in health problems or damage to major organs

such as the liver, skin, and eyes. In addition, the central nervous system, respiratory

system and blood system are also commonly affected. The objective of the research

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was to collect information about the hazardous substances contained in common

construction projects, particularly adhesive, caulk, and paint products.

The primary research method used to collect data was personal visitations to

selected regional establishments. Photographs, notes, and information gathered from

establishment authorities were obtained by the researcher. The material safety data

sheets of the construction products documented were the main source for collecting the

names of hazardous substances. The information collected was applied to a master

table, in addition to a series of smaller tables, in order to catalog the products by

branch, brand, subdivision, and substance.

A large quantity of adhesive, caulk, and paint products were examined through

visits to retail branches. A large majority of these products contain hazardous

substances, and exposure to them can cause different reactions to people. These

reactions range from minor skin irritations to cancer. Safety measures, such as using

gloves and face masks, can prevent exposure to many of these potentially harmful

substances. If the hazards of these products are properly recognized and addressed,

these products can be utilized safely.

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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

The Construction Industry and Progress

The construction industry has not kept pace with a majority of the industrial sectors

in the area of safety. Despite some improvements, the construction industry has not

performed as well in the area of safety as most other industries. The Bureau of Labor

Statistics (BLS) has released information on the work-related injuries and illnesses of all

workers between the years 2002 and 2008. This information was used to calculate the

incidence rate, which ―is the number of injuries and/or illnesses per 100-full time

workers‖ (BLS 2008)

The injury rate for the 2002 was 7.1 per 100 construction workers. On the other

hand, during the same year the injury rate for all industrial workers was approximately

1.6 per 100 workers. Between 2002 and 2008, the construction industry was slow, but

progressive, on decreasing injury rates. The injury rate improvement has averaged

about a 0.4 decrease in the rate of injuries each year. Construction has among the

worst injury rates of all the industrial sectors. For example, the construction industry

employs about seven percent of the industrial workforce, but accounts for twenty

percent of all industrial fatalities.

Different types of injuries and illnesses (death, loss of consciousness, days away

from work, medical treatment, and physician-diagnosed illnesses) are required to be

recorded by employers. Illnesses caused in the work place represent 2.5 percent of the

overall non-fatal occupational injuries and illnesses. Some of these illnesses are a direct

result of the lack of information on hazardous substances.

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Substance Regulations

The United States has faced, and is currently facing, an increasing level of health

problems resulting from exposure to hazardous substances. Worker protection

legislation became stronger with the creation of the Occupational Safety and Health Act

of 1970 (OSH act). The act focuses on ensuring healthful and safe workplace conditions

for all workers (BLS 2011). As a result of this legislation, it is the responsibility of

companies to disclose hazardous information.

The government has organizations set in place to act as oversight for the health

and welfare of people and the environment. Three examples of these organizations are:

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), the Occupational

Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), and the Environmental Protection Agency

(EPA).Created by the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, NIOSH has the

primary responsibility to conduct research, educate, and provide recommendations for

the field of occupational safety and health (CDC 2011). Created by the same act, OSHA

ensures safe working conditions for men and women by setting and enforcing standards

and providing training and education. NIOSH frequently advises OSHA on permissible

exposure levels of workers to harmful substances. The EPA, on the other hand, has

duties such as federal research and enforcing activities to ensure environmental

protection (EPA 2011). In addition, the EPA enforces federal laws protecting human

health and the environment.

Substance Assessment

Designated by OSHA, the Registry of Toxic Effects on Chemical Substances

(RTECS) is a valuable source of data regarding hazardous substances. These data are

the primary components of material and safety data sheets (MSDS). Recently, the

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RTECS database cataloged over 160,000 substances (CDC 2010). The database

includes such substances as acetone, ethylene glycol, toluene, and xylene, which are

contained in many products and can cause problems in the peripheral nerve, blood,

liver, and lung/ respiratory systems.

Health Hazards

The need for the construction industry to be on par with other industries needs to

be addressed. This includes having workers who are familiar with the health hazards

posed by many materials to which they may become exposed. Workers may come in

contact with many products. Some of these products contain substances that can cause

short and long term damage to a worker‘s health. This research will examine various

hazardous substances contained in common products used in the construction industry.

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CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW

Research on illnesses caused by exposure to hazardous substances in the

construction workplace is limited. One of the reasons for this is under reporting of

worker illnesses (Dong, Men and Fujimoto 2007). This is because of the latency period

that is common between worker exposure to harmful substances and the onset of the

resultant illness. After the initial exposures to work hazards, initial symptoms may

materialize, sometimes many years later. Construction workers that become ill have

difficulty identifying the source of the initial exposure. According to the fourth edition of

the Construction Chart Book, a construction worker may have a series of employers,

varying tasks, and changing workplaces, each of which could involve different

exposures to hazards. Also, some workers can become ill by second-hand interaction

with workers who have been exposed to hazards.

In terms of compliance, the construction industry has been getting better in its

practices concerning hazardous communications. In 1989, OSHA‘s Hazard

Communication Standard (HCS) was expanded to include all employers with employees

―exposed to chemicals, including employers in the construction industry‖ (US DOL

2011). Between the years of 1989 and 1991, four of the top 5 of the 100 most-cited

construction standards were directly related to the hazard communication standard.

These standards were the (1) written hazard communication program, (2) employee

training of hazardous communications, (3) Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for

hazardous material, and (4) accessible copies of MSDSs (Hardesty and Marshall 1993).

In 2006 OSHA‗s most-cited construction categories had over 3,000 citations in

health hazards versus 13,000 in scaffolding. The health citations resulted in average

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fines of $1,000 per citation between 1996 and 2006, while fines for scaffolding violations

exceeded $12,000 per citation (Dong, Men and Fujimoto 2008).

There is a need to address health more strongly among construction workers, as

these workers are more prone to make personal decisions that can harm their own

health. Construction workers tend to be risk takers and are less likely to pay attention to

health. This is demonstrated in the information provided in the Chart Book which details

information about workers. For instance, ―in 2005 nearly, 38% of workers in construction

trades were current smokers, about 1.7 times that of all industries‖ (Dong, Men and

Fujimoto 2008). This means that 7.3% of all industrial workers are construction workers

who smoke. In addition to smoking, construction workers tend to be overweight and

obese. After the age of 35, 49% of the construction workers are overweight, while over

25% are obese. Therefore, about two out of every three or 66% of all construction

workers were either overweight or obese, compared with 59% for all industries (Dong,

Men and Fujimoto 2008).

Few organizations have done research on the hazardous substances found in

common construction products. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and

Health (NIOSH) has written books on the substances that can be hazardous to workers.

Along with the OSHA standards, all construction workers should have easy access to

information on the products, production companies, and risks in their work

environments.

Work Force Organizations

Research on hazardous substances has been conducted by many government

based agencies. Some agencies have been doing research on the subject for over 30

years. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Occupational Safety and Health

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Administration (OSHA), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (OSHA),

National Toxicology Program (NTP), and the International Agency for Research on

Cancer (IARC) are some examples of the government-based agencies responsible for

hazardous research and documentation mentioned in this thesis.

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

The EPA was formed in 1970, after President Nixon issued ―Reorganization Plan No. 3,‖

which is a plan to develop a coordinated attack on pollution control (EPA 2011). It was

believed an effective approach to control pollutants could be achieved through the

following means (1) identifying hazardous substances, (2) documenting changes of form

of pollutants as they occur throughout ecological chains, (3) researching exposure of

man in a surrounding environment, (4) examining interactions of pollution formation, and

(5) identifying appropriate interdictions in ecological chains.

EPA advantages

Today, the EPA contributes to solving environmental problems with research on

the hazardous substances listed by the government‘s pollution control programs. The

research conducted by the EPA ensures the protection of the environment and human

health. Individual and collective harm from substances is also evaluated. Therefore the

EPA is able to set standards for air and water programs and for hazardous substances

(EPA 2011).

EPA functions

The primary roles and functions of the EPA are (1) establishing and enforcing

environmental protection standards, (2) conducting the research of the harm caused by

hazardous substances, procedures to control hazards, and gathering data on hazards,

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and (3) assisting the Council on Environmental Quality in the development by

recommending policies for environmental protection.

The Occupational Safety and Health and Administration (OSHA)

OSHA was created after the passage of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of

1970, ―to ensure safe and healthful working conditions for working men and women by

setting and enforcing standards and by providing training, outreach, education, and

assistance‖ (OSHA 2011).

OSHA standards

The OSHA standards describe legal methods to be followed by employers to

maintain their workers in a non-hazardous environment. Most importantly, workers‘ risks

and preventative measures must be identified by the employer and the appropriate

health information must be shared with the employees who may become exposed.

Many extensive processes need to be followed in order to issue a standard. ―If

OSHA determines that a specific standard is needed any of several advisory

committees may be called upon to develop specific recommendations. There are two

standing committees, and ad hoc committees may be appointed to examine special

areas of concern to OSHA.‖ (OSHA 1995) The committees have a management

representative, representation form labor and the state, as well as representatives from

the Health and Human Services (HHS), which is the United States government‘s

principal agency for protecting the health of all Americans. (HHS 2011) The two

standing committees are (1) The National Advisory Committee on Occupational Safety

and Health (NACOSH), which advises, consults with, and makes recommendations to

the Secretary of the HHS and to the Secretary of Labor on matters regarding

administration on the Act; (2) ―Advisory Committee on Construction Safety and Health,

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which advices the Secretary of Labor on formulation of construction safety and health

standards and other regulations‖ (OSHA 1995).

The construction standards, and other industry standards, protect workers from

hazards. ―These standards limit the amount of hazardous chemicals workers can be

exposed to, require the use of certain employers to monitor certain workplace hazards‖

(OSHA 2011). For example, injuries can be caused by falls, trenching cave-ins,

infectious diseases, enclosed spaces, exposure to substances (asbestos, lead, asphalt,

etc.), improperly placed machine guards, not using protective gear (respirators, eye

ware, face masks, etc.), and untrained workers.

Many standards and regulations are classified with numerical values. Some of the

standards are associated with their respective industries. The Code of Federal

Regulations (CFR) 1910 standards provide all regulations applicable to the general

work force, while the CFR 1926 standards are specific to the construction industry.

There are 26 subparts to OSHA‘s construction standards, each of which contains

numerous provisions, and many contain additional appendixes. The OSHA standards

may address safety issues or health issues, but most of OSHA‘s construction

regulations tend to be focused on the safety aspects of construction. An example of

OSHA regulations that pertain to health include CFR 1926.20(b), which consists of

General Safety and Health Provisions. Regulation 1926.28 of subpart C discusses the

General Safety and Health Provisions of personal protective equipment. In Addition,

regulation 1926.57 and 1926.59 of subpart D of the Occupational Health and

Environmental Controls regulates ventilation and hazard communication (OSHA 2011).

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OSHA inspections

Inspections are generally done without notice, on-site. The OSHA personnel performing

these inspections are ―highly trained compliance officers‖ (OSHA 2011). There are

many factors that can initiate an OSHA inspection. For instance, the hospitalization of

three or more workers being involved in the same incident, fatalities, catastrophes,

referrals and complaints filed by workers, inspections with specific subjects (particular

work space hazards, high injury rates), non-scheduled inspections and scheduled

follow-up.

A complaint from a worker could initiate an OSHA inspection. The worker needs to

believe there is a possible hazard in the work place or that the employer is not following

the OSHA regulations. A preferable situation would be for the worker to first inform the

employer about a possible hazard. If the hazard is not addressed to the worker‘s

satisfaction, a call to OSHA would be appropriate. ―When an inspector finds violations of

OSHA standards or serious hazards, OSHA may issue citations and fines‖ (OSHA

2011).

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

NIOSH was created with OSHA from the Occupational Safety and Health Act of

1970. The difference between the two agencies is their responsibilities. NIOSH is part of

the Department of Health and Human Services‘ Center for Disease Control and

Prevention (CDC). The agency was ―established to help assure safe and healthful

working conditions for working men and women by providing research, information,

education, and training in the field of occupational safety and health‖ (CDC 2011).

According to the Center for Disease Control (CDC) NIOSH is a federal agency

responsible for conducting research and recommendations for the prevention of

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illnesses and injuries in the work force. To accomplish this, NIOSH makes scientific

research, recommendations on authority and guidance, disperses information, and

responds to evaluations on health hazards in the work force. ―NIOSH provides national

and world leadership to prevent work-related illness, injury, disability and death by

gathering information, conducting scientific research, and translating the knowledge

gained into products and services including scientific information products, training

videos, and recommendations for improving safety and health in the workplace‖ (CDC

2011).

Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS)

According to the CDC the Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances

(RTECS) is ―a compendium of data extracted from the open scientific literature. The

data are recorded in the format developed by the RTECS staff and arranged in

alphabetical order by prime chemical name‖ (CDC 2011).This toxicological data base, is

a resource for the chemical industry as well as the occupational safety and health

community (CDC 2010).

The National Toxicology Program (NTP)

The National Toxicology Program (NTP) is a program with multiple governmental

agencies (NTP 2005) established in 1978 as part of the Department of Health and

Human Services. According to the NTP, the program is a cooperative effort to (1)

toxicologically coordinate the federal government‘s testing programs, (2) strengthen

toxicological science, (3) improve all methods implied for testing, and (4) gather

information on toxic substances for all health, regulatory, and other research agencies,

medical and scientific communities, and the public.

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The NTP develops and applies modern toxicology and molecular biology tools, to

the evaluation of agents concerned with the health of the public. ―This program

maintains an objective, science-based approach in dealing with critical issues in

toxicology and is committed to using the next science available to prioritize, design

conduct and interpret its studies‖ (NTP 2005).

International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)

The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) was established in 1965

as the World Health Organizations‘ new specialized cancer research center (Wagner

1991). During that time period extensive new cancer research information was

surfacing. This information was not being provided world wide, and in 1967, IARC

opened in Japan to further the boundaries of research.

The main objective of the IARC is promoting worldwide collaboration in cancer

research. ―The agency is inter-disciplinary‖ (IARC 2011), by working on the

epidemiology, laboratory sciences, and biostatistics to identify the causes of cancer.

This facilitates the adoption of new preventative measures on cancer-causing

substances. In addition, there is a high emphasis on explaining the health risks posed

by the environment. ―This emphasis reflects the understanding that most cancers are,

directly or indirectly, linked to environmental factors and thus are preventable‖ (IARC

2011).

Construction Products

Construction products are manufactured to assist with various types of

construction projects. Some products, such as timber, cement, and steel, are often used

in large quantities on projects. These products generally require skilled knowledge on

the handling and proper usage of the material. Other products, such as adhesives,

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caulks, and paints, are utilized in smaller quantities. These products are primarily

intended for finishing jobs and do not require extensive knowledge for the application of

the product.

Adhesives

The definition of an adhesive is a substance with the capability of bonding two

different surfaces, whether they are of the same or of different materials. Many types of

materials can be bonded, but adhesives work with more efficiency on small surface

areas. However, joints between materials are not made instantly, because the adhesive

needs time to cure and harden. There are several types of adhesives including the

following:

CONTACT CEMENT. A type of adhesive applied to two different surfaces that will be jointed after a specific amount of time. However, it does not need constant pressure for adherence.

EPOXY. A resin created from bisphenols and epichlorohydrins. A hardener agent is required for the resin to harden.

POLYURETHANE.The polyurethanes are called reaction polymers, such as epoxies. Commercially this product is produced through the reaction of an isocyanate, also known as the iso, in liquid form and a catalyst known as the poly. Some of the subdivisions include flame retardants and fillers.

SUPER GLUE. Super glue is a water resistant, fast acting adhesive with a generic name such as cyanocrylate. Other common terms for it may include Krazy Glue and Bondloc.

Caulks

Caulk is commonly used to create tight joints in seams and to fill gaps between

materials. The term caulk or caulking is often refers to the product or the application

processes. The compound used for caulking, protects and creates insulation against

dust, insects, water, and fire. Some of the products commonly used for caulking are:

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CAULK SEALANTS .This is a product that is used when there will be a movement between the two surfaces.

CAULK SILICONE. The silicone based caulk has a high resistance to water. Thus, these products are preferred for projects where the surfaces are exposed to water such as kitchens and bathrooms.

Paints

Paint is a substance in liquid form, applied to surfaces to achieve a cured opaque

or transparent film. This product is used in both exterior and interior type of applications.

Exterior paint is ideally suited for large surfaces located in areas with constant

ventilation. Interior paints, have less emitting fumes and are used inside closed spaces

such as in rooms or offices. Some of the products commonly used with paints are:

PAINT PRIMER. Primers are coatings applied to surfaces prior to paints, especially when applied to coarse or porous surfaces. The rough, unsmooth, or textured surface is protected for proper adhesion with paint.

PAINT THINNER. A paint thinner is a liquid compatible with paint which is used to reduce the viscosity of the paint. Thinners make the paint easier to apply.

Hazardous Substances

A hazardous substance is ―a chemical or mixture of a chemical that is toxic, highly

toxic, an irritant, a corrosive, a strong oxidizer, a strong sensitizer, combustible

flammable, extremely flammable, dangerous reactive, pressure-generating, or that

otherwise may cause substantial personal injury or substantial illness during or as a

direct result of any customary or reasonable foreseeable handling or use‖ (NPS 1993)

These substances commonly exist in paints, cleaning materials, varnishes, and

adhesives. Common solvents may contain such substances as acetone, kerosene,

methyl alcohol, mineral spirits (e.g., V.M. & P Naphtha), toluene, and xylene.

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Hazard Communication Standard

The National Safety Council states, that OSHA promulgated the hazard

communication standard, to establish equal requirements for the evaluation of chemical

hazards by the chemical manufacturers and the means to communicate information

about those hazards to employers and employees. ―Evaluating the potential hazards of

chemicals and communication information concerning hazards and appropriate

protective measures to employees, may include, lists of hazardous chemicals present;

labeling of containers of chemicals in the workplace, as well as of containers of

chemicals being shipped; preparation and distribution of material safety data sheets to

employees and downstream employers‖ (OSHA 2011).

Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)

A material safety data sheet (MSDS) is ―required under the OSHA hazard

communication standard (regulations), with guidance for employers‖ (EHS 2011). The

MSDSs are documents with detailed information prepared by the manufacturer of

hazardous substances. The information provided in the MSDSs describes the physical

and chemical properties of the product. MSDSs contain the substance‘s manufacturer‘s

information, toxicity, guidelines for storage and procedures for spills and leaks.

An MSDS is also used to ―help the public understand the potential health and

physical hazards of a chemical and describes how to respond effectively to exposure

situations‖ (EHS 2011). All MSDSs are required to follow sixteen different sections of

information about the substance being addressed. The standards for the format do not

require the MSDS to be all equal across the different companies (NSC 1985). According

to the National Safety Council (NSC) the sections in an MSDS are:

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SECTION ONE. CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION. This section is where the substance and the MSDS are linked with the supplier and the manufacturer.

SECTION TWO. COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS. There will be a list provided including all of the OSHA hazardous components as well as the non-hazardous components.

SECTION THREE. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, INCLUDING EMERGENCY OVERVIEW. Includes the information (with the aid of symbols) of all of the potential human health effects that may be caused by the usage of the substances.

SECTION FOUR. FIRST AID MEASURES. This section provides the information on steps to be addressed if any exposure to a substance requires immediate treatment.

SECTION FIVE. FIGHTING MEASURES. This includes basic information on steps and procedures required for firefighting.

SECTION SIX. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES. Describes actions required to minimize all side effects of any possible leak, spill or release of any substance

SECTION SEVEN. HANDLING AND STORAGE. All of the steps and procedures for handling and storage are mentioned in this section.

SECTION EIGHT. EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION. This section addresses the personal protection gear (e.g., gloves, eyeware, face masks, etc) and methods that help minimize the exposure and possible harm.

SECTION NINE. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES. Provides additional information that characterizes the substance.

SECTION TEN. STABILITY AND REACTIVITY. This section provides information on conditions and substances that can cause any instability of the product being used.

SECTION ELEVEN. TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION. Includes the information of all of the potential human health effects and symbols that may be caused by the usage of the substances.

SECTION TWELVE. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION. The information provided in this section discusses the effects the substance can have on the surrounding environment.

SECTION THIRTEEN. DISPOSAL CONSIDERATION. Depending on the company providing the MSDS, this section mentions the appropriate steps for substance disposal.

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SECTION FOURTEEN. TRANSPORT INFORMATION. The information in this section addresses the classification the substance requires if it is being shipped.

SECTION FIFTEEN. REGULATORY INFORMATION. May be used to provide any supplementary information on regulations that have a direct effect on the substance

SECTION SIXTEEN. OTHER INFORMATION. Any additional information the company wants to add to the MSDS goes in the last section.

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CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The intent of this thesis is to gather and present information on the hazardous

substances found in selected construction product. A variety of products used in

construction were considered for the research. Consideration was given to such

products as cement, muriatic acid to clean bricks, treated lumber, welding fumes, foam

insulation, lubricants, and asphalt. It was recognized that the scope of this effort needed

to be reduced in order to define a manageable research effort. Consideration was then

given to those products that are in common usage, but which may contain hazardous

substances. In this scope reduction effort, three widely-used products were identified.

Products to be evaluated include such household construction products as adhesives,

caulking, and paint products. Of the numerous products used in construction, these

products are suspected of containing a large number of hazardous substances.

To obtain the information on these construction products, various means were

considered. While considerable information could be found solely on the Internet, it was

decided that this would limit the study. The objective was to identify adhesive, caulk and

paint products that were readily available to a large number of individuals. It was

decided that such information could be best obtained from establishments that sold a

wide selection of these products.

It was decided to identify local establishments that provided a national distribution

of common construction products. For convenience, the establishments were to be

located in the Gainesville, Florida area. Four national establishments were identified

that had local outlets. These included Ace Hardware®, Home Depot®, Lowe‘s®, and

Wal-Mart® whose global combined gross sales where in excess of 500 million dollars.

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Because of their national presence and their national distribution of common

construction products they were felt to represent a reasonably good cross-section of the

types of materials that would be used on construction projects.

To collect information on the products‘ information the researcher visited a local

establishment of Ace Hardware®, Home Depot®, Lowe‘s®, and Wal-Mart®. During the

visit of the establishments the researcher took note of the assortment of brands, the

usage, and the type of products that were available. The establishments provided

different forms of literature that were used for different products of the same brand.

Pictures were taken of all three product lines (adhesive, caulk and paint products) for

more documentation of precise names and warning labels. In some of the

establishments visited, the researcher located and documented a series of tables with

information that would help customers make the appropriate choice of products

depending on the particular type of application.

The researcher‘s visits to the four establishments allowed one-on-one interaction

with representative workers. In two of the establishments, the researcher talked at

length, with the managers regarding the various products with the intent of obtaining

additional insights about the products. One manager was a regional representative of

one of the paint product lines. He provided information based on his experience with

selling and using several of the paint products from one particular brand. Additional

information the managers provided included (1) health precautions to be used with

specific products (face masks, gloves, eyewear, hard toe shoes, hard hats, etc.), (2)

where the products are commonly used, and (3) common potential ailments associated

with exposure.

29

Not all of the data were collected through visitations and discussions. More

research was done by using chemistry books that discussed more of the properties of

the toxic and harmful substances found in the materials. For instance, the NIOSH

Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards was heavily used to find information on the

synonyms, the physical characteristics, and the organs targeted by the substances

found in the products. This provided a better understanding of possible short and long

term illnesses that could result from exposure to certain substances.

In addition to obtaining information from the product literature, information was

obtained on the Internet. The MSDSs located in establishment and product websites

were used to obtain the names of the substances found in the respective products. After

locating the MSDSs, the information was then arranged in tabular format. The name of

the stores, the brand, and subdivision of product gathered from store visitations, the

name of the substance provided by the MSDSs and the substance information from the

literature were used to place all of the information on one table.

While most products contained some hazardous substances, particular attention

was paid to those products that were listed as being non- hazardous products. These

products needed to be of the same usage as the regular products. Thus, the non-

hazardous products could be used as substitutes for the regular products that contained

hazardous substances.

30

CHAPTER 4 RESULTS

Information will be provided on the hazardous substances found in common

construction products, particularly in adhesives, caulk and paint products. Some of the

information was made available by the establishments that were visited. In addition, the

archival literature, the Internet and material safety data sheets of each product were

researched to obtain information on the hazardous substances.

Adhesives

The four establishments visited for this research had a wide range of different

types of adhesives, such as contact cement, epoxy, liquid and spray multi-purpose,

liquid and gel super glue, and wood. The smaller sized products were located at eye

level. For instance, on the upper half of the shelves the super glues and the epoxies

were located side by side. On the other hand, the adhesive products in larger containers

were located at waist level. These were contact cements, spray adhesives, and wood

glues.

During a visit to one of the establishments, the researcher photographed a large

variety of adhesives. In addition to documenting products, one of the products at the

establishment provided a table with information on the use of adhesive products. The

information was made available to any interested customers. Three types of adhesives,

namely multipurpose adhesive, super glue, and epoxy (Table 4-1), were categorized in

the table used. The materials to which the adhesives would bond included leather,

foam, paper, fabric, glass, rubber, plastics, ceramic, metal, wood, and masonry.

Of the 43 matches (materials bonded by the adhesive) shown in the table, multi-

purpose adhesives were the most versatile. For instance, leather, foam, and paper

31

could be attached to all 11 materials (leather, foam, paper, fabric, glass, rubber,

plastics, ceramic, metal, wood, and masonry) with a multi-purpose adhesive. On the

other hand, multi-purpose adhesives would adhere ceramic to only 3 materials, namely

leather, foam and paper. Super glue, with 13 matches, was the second most versatile

adhesive, while epoxy, with 10 matches, was the least versatile.

Through the examination of adhesive products in the retail establishments, a total

of 84 adhesives were identified. Among them, 21 hazardous substances were identified

in the table (Table 4-2). Many of these substances were listed in section three of the 84

MSDSs for the adhesive products. There were some hazardous substances that were

mentioned in the MSDSs between one and three times. For example, methyl acetate

was noted in one adhesive product. Substances contained in three different products

included n-hexane, and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK). Furthermore, silica, in all three

forms, epoxy resin, and acetone were listed in the large majority of the products.

Upon further analysis of the adhesive products, various brands were examined. A

selection of 20 brands was available throughout the four establishments (Table 4-3).

Some of the brands, such as 3M™, Elmer‘s®, Gorilla® and Loctite®, could be

purchased in multiple establishments. On the other hand, a small number of brands

were sold in selective establishments. For example, the products under the brands of

ACE®, and DUCO®, were only available in the Ace Hardware store.

Some products were sold in multiple establishments. However, the variety of

brands did not change appreciably. The most readily-available adhesive was Loctite®,

as it was available in all four establishments. Among the 84 adhesive products, the

Loctite® brand has 19 items in super glues and epoxies. ACE®, with 10 products has

32

the second highest number. Other brands such as Devcon®, Instant Krazy® Glue, and

Gorilla® each have 10 different products.

The MSDSs of the 84 adhesive products listed 126 hazardous substances

(Appendix). Additional information was sought on these hazardous substances.

Information was successfully located on 15 of the substances. This information provided

a brief explanation of the targeted organs of exposure to the substances. The skin and

eyes, among other organs, can be harmed by these substances (Table 4-4). For

instance, formaldehyde, which can harm the respiratory system, appeared in over eight

percent of the adhesive products.

Caulk

Caulk was the second product examined. Intended for finishes, caulk has qualities

that can be used in a variety of applications. Inside one of the establishments, two caulk

usage tables were posted next to the caulk products. Through a checklist, a number of

brands were compared by the nature of their applications. Some of the applications

mentioned in the tables included indoor projects, outdoor projects or both.

For concrete, overall, the best caulk would be DAP® 3.0 (Table 4-5). The

product‘s flexibility, paintable surface, mineral spirit cleanup and all- weather resistance

made it most suitable. While DAP® 3.0 is the best overall choice, regular DAP® can

also be used for concrete. This is because of its flexibility, its applicability in both indoor

and outdoor environments, its paintable feature and its ability to be cleaned up with

water and soap.

For an interior project, such as a kitchen or bath, DAP® 3.0 was also the best

choice (Table 4-6). The most suitable for windows and doors was DAP® 3.0, primarily

because of the mildew protection it provided, and its waterproof capabilities. The

33

second brand suggested for window and door applications was GE® Silicone II. This

product is not paintable; however, it provides the mildew and water protection needed

for indoor areas.

A total of 96 caulk products were identified . The MSDSs of the caulk products

listed (Table 4-7) 164 substances that were found to be hazardous (Appendix). For

example, isobutene was present in 4 caulk products while titanium dioxide was found in

53 products. In addition, silica with 40 appearances was the second most prevalent

substance. On the other hand, acetone, noted in one product, was the least prevalent.

Twenty one brands of caulk products were identified (Table 4-8). Nearly half of the

brands, such as Big Stretch®, Dupont®, Gardner®, Flame Stopper®, Lexel®, Sika and

White Lightning® have one product. However, other caulk product brands had a wide

variety of products. The highest number of products was 19 different caulk products,

which made part of the family of the DAP® brand. The secondd highest number of

products was owned by one of the establishments. These were the ACE® caulk

products with 18 products, available at ACE Hardware®.

Among the 96 caulking products 326 substances were labeled as hazardous by

the MSDSs. Two examples were acetone, contained in one product, and hexane,

contained in ten products. These substances can affect various organs in humans

(Table 4.9). For example, acetone can affect the eyes, the skin, the respiratory system

and the central nervous system. On the other hand, can cause problems to the central

nervous system (CNS), and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

Paint Products

Paint products were organized according to type of product in the establishments.

In one of the branches, the paint was organized under labels, such as contractor paint,

34

exterior paint, interior paint, and flooring paint. A total of 119 paint products containing

97 hazardous substances were identified. Twenty one of the 97 hazardous substances

were reviewed (Table 4-10).

The majority of the paint products were from the Zinsser® products with 23 paint

products (Table 4-11), which could be purchased at any of the four establishments.

Valspar®, with 18 paint products, had the second highest number of products. However,

Valspar® paint products can only be purchased at Lowe's® establishments. Behr®

paint, with 16 products, had the third largest number of products. This brand can only be

purchased at Home Depot®.On the other hand, brands such as Ace® Simply Magic,

available at Ace Hardware®, and Olympic® Fast Hide, available at Lowe's, had one

paint product

The remaining brands were found in more than one of the four establishments.

For instance, Glidden™ and The Glidden™ Premium Collection™ are owned by the

same company, yet they are distributed to two of the four establishments. In addition,

two of the paint brands were available in all four establishments. These brands were

Zinsser® and KILZ®. The hazardous aspects of these brands were also recognized.

The 119 paint products contained 607 hazardous materials. According to NIOSH, paint

substances can affect multiple organs on a long term basis (Table 4-12). For example,

ethanol affects the blood and liver through ingestion or physical contact with the skin.

Titanium dioxide was contained in 64 paint products. One of the other substances that

appeared in 22 different paint products is ethylene glycol. This substance affects the

eyes, skin, respiratory system and the central nervous system (CNS).

35

Carcinogenic

According to several material safety data sheets, various substances were

reported as carcinogenic. The American Conference of Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH),

OSHA, the NTP, and the IARC were mentioned in the MSDSs as sources for

categorizing substances as carcinogenic (Table 4-13).For instance, formaldehyde was a

substance considered by all four organizations to have the highest chance of being

detrimental to human health. This substance was mentioned in 10 products for

adhesives and 15 caulk products. Listed by the NTP as a possible carcinogenic

substance, titanium dioxide was contained in 4 adhesive products, 53 caulk products,

and 64 paint products.

36

Table 4-1. Adhesive usage

Leath

er

Foam

Pap

er

Fabric

Gla

ss

Rubb

er

Pla

stics

Cera

mic

Meta

l

Woo

d

Masonry

Leather MP MP MP MP MP MP MP MP MP MP MP Foam MP MP MP MP MP MP MP MP MP MP MP Paper MP MP MP MP MP MP MP MP MP MP MP Fabric MP MP MP MP MP MP SG SG SG MP MP Glass MP MP MP MP SG SG SG SG MP MP MP

Rubber MP MP MP MP SG MP SG SG E MP MP Plastic MP MP MP SG SG SG SG SG E E MP

Ceramic MP MP MP SG SG SG SG SG SG E E Metal MP MP MP SG MP E E SG E E E Wood MP MP MP MP MP MP E E E MP E

Masonry MP MP MP MP MP MP MP E E E E

MP = Multi-purpose, SG = Super Glue, E = Epoxy

Table 4-2. Selected hazardous substances and percentages in adhesive products

Adhesives (Total count = 84)

Hazardous substances Number of products %

Acetone 8 9.5%

Aluminium Chloride 2 2.4%

Aluminum Silicate 3 3.6%

Epichlorohydrin-4,4'-isopropylidene diphenol resin

5 6.0%

Epoxy Resin 14 16.7%

Ethyl 2-Cyanoacrylate 7 8.3%

Formaldehyde 7 8.3%

Heptane 3 3.6%

Isopropanol 2 2.4%

Isopropyl Alcohol 2 2.4%

Magnesium Silicate 2 2.4%

Methyl Acetate 1 1.2%

Methyl Ethyl Ketone 3 3.6%

N-Hexane 3 3.6%

No hazardous Components 11 13.1%

Propane 7 8.3%

Silica (Crystalline; Fumed; Quartz) 28 33.3%

Titanium Dioxide 4 4.8%

Toluene 8 9.5%

Vinyl Acetate 3 3.6%

Zinc Sulfide 3 3.6%

37

Table 4-3. Adhesives product brands and quantities

Brands Number of adhesive products

3M™ 4

ACE 10

Amazing GOOP 4

BARGE® Original 1

DAP® BLUESTIK™ 1

DAP® Weldwood® 2

Devcon® 6

DUCO® Cement 1

DUCO® PLASTIC 1

DURO® 1

Elmer's ® 5

Gorilla® 6

Henry® 3

Instant Krazy Glue® 6

Liquid Nails® 3

Loctite® 19

PC Fix Your Things™ 4

Titebond® 4

Weldbond® 1

W.J Ruscoe® 2

Total 84

38

Table 4-4. NIOSH classification of hazardous substances in adhesive products

Adhesives

Hazardous Components Synonyms Physical Description Target Organs

Acetone Dimethyl Ketone; Ketone Propane; 2-Propane

Colorless liquid with a fragrant mint-like color

Eyes; Skin

Aluminium Chloride None

A Deliquescent compound used as an astringent as well as an antiseptic on skin

Skin

Formaldehyde Methanal; Methyl Aldehyde; Methylene Oxide

Nearly colorless gas with a pungent suffocating odor

Eyes; Resp. Causes Nasal Cancer

Heptane n-Heptane; Normal-Heptane Colorless liquid with a gasoline-like odor

Skin; Resp; CNS

Isopropanol Dimethyl Carbinol; IPA; Isopropyl Alcohol; 2-Propanol; sec-Propyl Alcohol; Rubbing Alcohol

Colorless Liquid with an ammonia like odor

Eyes; Skin; Resp ; CNS

Isopropyl Alcohol Dimethyl Carbinol; IPA; Isopropanol; 2-Propanol; sec-Propyl Alcohol; Rubbing Alcohol

Colorless Liquid with an ammonia like odor

Eyes; Skin; Resp ; CNS

Methyl Acetate Methyl ester of acetic acid; Methyl ethanoate

Colorless liquid with fragrant fruity odor

Eyes; Skin; Resp; CNS

Methyl Ethyl Ketone 2-Butanone; MEK; Methyl Acetone; Methyl Ethyl Ketone

Colorless liquid with a moderately sharp fragant mint ot acetone like odor

Eyes; Skin Resp

39

Table 4-4. Continued

Adhesives


N-Hexane Hexane; Hexyl Hydride; Normal-Hexane

Colorless liquid with a gasoline-like odor

Eyes; Skin; Resp; CNS; CNS

Propane Bottled gas; Dimethyl Methane; n-Propane; Propyl Hydride

Colorless odorless gas CNS

Titanium Dioxide Rutile; Titanium Oxide; Titanium Peroxide

White odorless powder Resp. Animal Lung tumors

Toluene Methyl Benzene; Methyl Benzol; Phenyl Methane; Toulon

Colorless liquid with a sweet, pungent, benzene like odor

Eyes; Skin; Resp; Liver; Kidneys

Silica

Diamatoceaus Earth; Diamatoceaus Silica; Diatomite; Presipitated amorphous Silica; Silica Gel; Silicon Dioxide (amorphous)

Transparent to gray, odorless powder

Eyes

Vinyl Acetate 1-Acetoxyethylene; Ethenyl Acetate; Ethenyl Ethanoate; VAC; Vinyl Acetate monomer, Vinyl Ethanoate

Colorless Liquid with pleasant fruity odor

Eyes; Skin; Resp

Zinc Sulfide Zinc Peroxide White odorless solid Resp

40

Table 4-5. Exterior caulk product brands and usages

Project Window/siding Concrete Roof Gutter

Product OSI® QUAD DAP® 3.0

GE® Silicone II

PL™ Polyurethane

DAP®

DAP ® 3.0

PL™ Polyurethane

DAP®

DAP® 3.0

GE® Silicone II

Best flexibility x x x x x x x x

Indoor/outdoor x x x x

Paintable x x x x x x x x

Soap & water clean-up

x

Mineral Spirits Clean-up

x x x x x x x x x

All weather application

x x x x

Table 4-6. Interior caulk product brands and usages

Project Windows, doors, trim, molding & paneling Kitchen & bath

Product DAP® 3.0 GE®

Silicone II GE®

Silicone I

DAP® Dyna

Flex 230

GE® SUPREME 1

hour

DAP® 3.0

GE® Silicone II

DAP® Kwik Seal Plus

GE® Silicone I

Paintable x x x x

Soap & water clean-Up

x x

Mineral spirits clean-Up

x x x x x X

x

Mold & mildew protection

x x x X x

Best flexibility x x x x x x X x

Permanently waterproof

x x x x x X x

41

Table 4-7. Selected hazardous substances and percentages in caulk products

Caulk (Total count = 96)


Acetone 1 1.0%

Ammonia 3 3.1%

Asphalt 4 4.2%

Ethylene Glycol 28 29.2%

Formaldehyde 15 15.6%

Hexane 10 10.4%

Isobutene 4 4.2%

Kaolin 10 10.4%

Limestone 22 22.9%

Methanol 2 2.1%

Methyl Acetate 3 3.1%

Mineral Spirits 8 8.3%

n-Butane 2 2.1%

n-Hexane 5 5.2%

Petroleum 11 11.5%

Petroleum Distillates 7 7.3%

Polymer 20 20.8%

Propane 7 7.3%

Resin 8 8.3%

Silica 40 41.7%

Talc 4 4.2%


Toluene 14 14.6%

Vinyl Acetate 6 6.3%

Xylene 3 3.1%

No Hazardous Components 3 3.1%

42

Table 4-8. Caulk product brands and quantities

Brands Number of caulk products

3M™ 7

ACE 18

Big Stretch® 1

DAP® 8

DAP® 3.0 6

DAP® Alex Plus® 2

DAP® Kwik Seal ™ 2

DAP® Tex® 1

DuPont™ 1

GE® 8

Gardner 1

Great Stuff™ 4

Flame Stopper™ 1

Lexel® 1

Liquid Nails® 9

Loctite® 14

OSI® 1

Polyseamseal 8

Sika 1

SikaBond® 1

White Lightning® 1

Total 96

43

Table 4-9. NIOSH classification of hazardous substances in caulk products

Caulk


Acetone Dimethyl ketone; ketone propane Colorless liquid with fragrant mint-like odor


Ammonia Anhydrous Ammonia; Aqua Ammonia; Aqueous Ammonia

Colorless gas with pungent, suffocating odor

Eyes; Skin; Resps

Asphalt Asphalt; Bitumen; Petroleum Asphalt; Petroleum Bitumen; Road Asphalt; Roofing Asphalt

A substance usually dark and bituminous normally located in natural beds and in residues of petroleum consisting mainly of hydrocarbons

Eyes; Resp. In animals causes skin tumors

Ethylene Glycol 1,2-Dihydroxyethane; 1,2-Ethanediol; glycol; Glycol Alcohol; Mono ethylene glycol

Clear, odorless, syrupy, colorless, liquid

Eyes; Skin; Resps; CNS

Formaldehyde Methanol; Methyl Aldehyde; Methylene Oxide

Nearly colorless gas with a pungent suffocating odor

Eyes; Resps. Causes Nasal Cancer

44


Caulk


Hexane n-Hexane; Hexyl Hydride; Normal-Hexane


Eyes; Skin; Resps; CNS; PNS

Isobutene 2-Methylpropane Colorless gas with a gasoline like or natural gas like odor

CNS

Kaolin

China Clay; Clay; Hydrated Aluminum Silicate; Hydrated aluminum Silicate; Hydrite; Porcelain Clay

White to yellowish or grayish powder

Resps; Stomach

Limestone Calcium Carbonate; Natural Calcium Carbonate

Odorless, white to tan powder

Eyes; Skin; Resps

Methanol

Carbinol; Columbian Spirits; Methyl Alcohol; Piroglineus Spirit; Wood Alcohol, Wood Naphtha; Wood Spirit

Colorless liquid with a characteristic pungent odor

Eyes; Skin; Resp; CNS; GI

Methyl Acetate Methyl Ester of acetic acid; Methyl Ethanoate

Colorless liquid with a fragrant fruity odor

Eyes; Skin; Resps; CNS

Mineral Spirits Stoddart Solvent; Dry Cleaning Safety Solvent; Petroleum Solvent; Spotting Naphtha

Colorless liquid with a kerosene like odor

Eyes; Skin; Resp; CNS; Kidneys

45


Caulk


N-Butane Normal-Butane; butyl Hydride;Diethyl Methyllethylmethane

Colorless gas with a gasoline like or natural gas like odor

CNS

N-Hexane Hexane; Hexyl Hydride; Normal-Hexane


Eyes; Skin; Resps; CNS; PNS

Petroleum Crude Oil

Almost colorless to black Oily Flammable bituminous liquid. Used for gasoline and Naphtha

Eyes; Skin

Petroleum Distillates Aliphatic Petroleum Naphtha; Petroleum Naphtha; Rubber Solvent

Colorless liquid with a gasoline or kerosene like odor


Polymer Macromolecule Large molecule composed of repeating structural units

Skin

Propane Bottled gas; Dymethyl Methane; n-Propane; Propyl Hydride

Colorless odorless gas CNS

46


Caulk


Resin Myrrh Colorless to yellow-brown flammable substance

Eyes; Skin; Resp

Silica

Diamatoceaus Earth; Diamatoceaus Silica; Diatomite; Presipitated amorphous Silica; Silica Gel; Silicon Dioxide (amorphous)


Eyes

Talc Hydrous magnesium silicate; Steatite Talc

Colorless to tan, odorless crystalline solid

Eyes; Resp; CVS


White odorless powder Resps. Animal Lung tumors

Toluene Methyl Benzene; Methyl Benzoyl; Phenyl Methane; Toulon

Colorless liquid with a sweet, pungent, benzene like odor

Eyes; Skin; Resps; Liver; Kidneys

Vinyl Acetate

1-Acetoxyethylene; Ethanol Acetate; Ethenyl Ethanoate; VAC; Vinyl Acetate monomer, Vinyl Ethanoate

Colorless Liquid with pleasant fruity odor

Eyes; Skin; Resps

Xylene 1,2-Dimethylbenzene; ortho-Xylene; 0-Xylol

Colorless liquid with an aromatic odor

Eyes; Skin; Resps; CNS; GI; Blood; Liver; Kidneys

47

Table 4-10. Selected hazardous substances and percentages in paint products Paints


Acetone 8 6.7%

Acrylic Polymer 10 8.4%

Ethanol 5 4.2%

Ethylene Glycol 22 18.5%

Isobutene 5 4.2%

Kaolin 20 16.8%

Limestone 20 16.8%

Mineral Spirits 9 7.6%

Nepheline Syenite 30 25.2%

N-Butane 5 4.2%

Nonanes 6 5.0%

Octanes 8 6.7%

Palygorskite 6 5.0%

Petroleum 16 13.4%

Polymers 28 23.5%

Quartz 10 8.4%

Resin 9 7.6%

Silica 37 31.1%

Talc 13 10.9%


Zinc (Zinc Oxide, Pyrithione Zinc) 8 6.7%

No Hazardous Substances 4 3.4%

48

Table 4-11. Paint product brands and quantities

Brands Number of Paint Products

ACE Simply Magic 1

Behr® 16

Glidden™ 10

The Glidden™ Premium Collection™ 3

KILZ 2® Latex 2

KILZ® Clean Start 1

KILZ® General Purpose 2

KILZ® Odorless 3

KILZ® Original 5

KILZ® PRO-X™ 2

Klean-Strip® 5

Olympic® 9

Olympic® Fast Hide 1

Royal® Premium 11

Speed-Wall® 4

Valspar® 18

Zinsser® 17

Zinsser® B.I.N® 2

Zinsser® Bulls Eye 4

Zinsser® Perma-White 3

Total 119

49

Table 4-12. NIOSH classification of hazardous substances for paint products

Paints


Acetone Dimethyl Ketone; Ketone Propane; 2-Propane

Colorless liquid with a fragrant mint-like color

Eyes; Skin

Acrylic Polymer Acrylic; Polyacrylates Elastic colorless to tan liquid Skin

Ethanol Ethyl Alcohol; Cologne Spirit; EtOH Grain Alcohol

Clear, odorless liquid with a weak ethereal vinous odor

Eyes; Skin Resp; Liver; Blood; Reprs

Ethylene Glycol 1,2-Dihydroxyethane; 1,2-Ethanediol; glycol; Glycol Alcohol; Monoethylene glycol

Clear, odorless, syrupy, colorless, liquid

Eyes; skin; Resp; CNS

Isobutene 2-Methylpropane Colorless gas with a gasoline like or natural gas like odor

CNS

Kaolin (Clay)

China Clay; Clay; Hydrated Aluminum Silicate; Hydrated aluminum Silicate; Hydrite; Porcelain Clay

White to yellowish or grayish powder

Resp; Stomach

Limestone Calcium Carbonate; Natural Calcium Carbonate

Odorless, white to tan powder

Eyes; Skin; Resp

Methyl Ethyl Ketone 2-Butanone; MEK; Methyl Acetone; Methyl Ethyl Ketone

Colorless liquid with a moderately sharp fragrant mint of acetone like odor

Eyes; Skin Resp

50


Paints


Mineral Spirits Stoddart Solvent; Dry Cleaning Safety Solvent; Petroleum Solvent; Spotting Naphtha

Colorless liquid with a kerosene like odor

Eyes; Skin; Resp; CNS; Kidneys

Nepheline Syenite Phonolite Pale, gray or pink, solid solution mineral

Skin

N-Butane Normal-Butane; butyl Hydride;Diethyl Methyllethylmethane

Colorless gas with a gasoline like or natural gas like odor

CNS

Nonanes n- Nonane; Nonyl Hydride Colorless Liquid with a gasoline line odor


Octanes n-Octane; Normal-Octane Colorless Liquid with a gasoline line odor


Palygorskite Attapulgite Dark clay like body Skin

Petroleum Crude Oil

Almost colorless to black Oily Flammable bituminous liquid. Used for gasoline and Naphtha

Eyes; Skin

Polymers Macromolecule Large molecule composed of repeating structural units

Skin

Quartz Silica Crystalline; Cristobalite; Fused Silica; Tridymite; Tripoli

Colorless odorless solid Eyes; Resp. In animals causes lung cancer

51


Paints


Resin Myrrh Colorless to yellow-brown flammable substance

Eyes; Skin; Resp

Silica

Diamatoceaus Eath; Diamatoceaus Silica; Diatomite; Presipitated amorphous Silica; Silica Gel; Silicon Dioxide (amorphous)


Eyes

Talc Hydrous magnesium silicate; Steatite Talc

Colorless to tan, odorless crystalline solid

Eyes; Resp; CVS


White odorless powder Resp. Animal Lung tumors

Zinc (Zinc Oxide, Pyrithione Zinc) Zinc Peroxide White odorless solid Resp

52

Table 4-13. Selected hazardous substances in paint products

Hazardous Substance

ACGIH OSHA IARC NTP

Carbon black 5 Known Carcinogenic

Known Carcinogenic

Chronium (III) Oxide 6 Known Carcinogenic

Known Carcinogenic

Diiron Trioxide 5 Known Carcinogenic

Known Carcinogenic

Dioxosilane 8 Known Carcinogen

Dioxotitanium 7 Known Carcinogen

Known Carcinogen

Ethene, Chloro- Cancer Hazard Carcinogen To humans

Known Human Carcinogen

Formaldehyde Suspected Human Carcinogen

Potential Carcinogen

Human Carcinogen

Anticipated Carcinogen

Isopropyl Alcohol Carcinogenic to humans

Kaolin 7 Known Carcinogen

Palygorskite 5 Known Carcinogenic

Phenyl Glycidyl Ether Human Carcinogenic

Known Carcinogenic

Quartz (SiO2) Known Carcinogen

known Carcinogen

Silica, Crystalline Suspected Human Carcinogen

Human Carcinogen

Known Carcinogen

Titanium Dioxide Possible Carcinogen

Toluene-2,4-Diisocyanate



Vinyl Acetate Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans

Possible Human Care

53

CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONS

There are numerous adhesives, caulk and paint products. Most of these products

contain hazardous substances. These substances can cause many different ailments.

Some range from skin irritation to organ problems that can cause cancer. Exposure to

the substances can be prevented if users take appropriate safety measures. For

instance, when working with aerosols, users need to wear protective face masks or

respirators to avoid inhaling any hazardous substances. Of course, another option

would be to utilize safer products, as adhesives, caulk, and paint products can be

obtained with no hazardous substances, even with similarly-performing products.

Every establishment offers products of specific brands. Adhesives and caulk

products have the largest lines of products offered under the same brand. Loctite® and

DAP® were the two brands that have the highest number of products. Adhesives and

caulk products may contain various substances, some of which may be carcinogenic,

such as titanium dioxide.

Paint products of the same brand are not a widely available among different

establishments. Two exceptions were noted, namely that KILZ® and Zinsser® were

available in all establishments investigated. Brands as ACE® were only available at Ace

Hardware and Valspar® was available exclusively at Lowe‘s.

The product information may be quite varied in that the information might be very

limited or it might be quite extensive, depending on the manufacturer. The use may find

adequate literature about the safe use of a product supplied with the product when it is

purchased. For some products, the information is somewhat brief and additional

research on the hazardous substances may be required to safely apply them.

54

Over 90% of the products examined in this research contained substances that

are harmful to users. On the other hand, these users can use the products safely if the

hazards are recognized and properly addressed. Safety gear is often offered in the

same location where the products are on display. For instance, gloves are commonly

found in the protective gear section, as well as in the paint section. This type of product

placement is found throughout the adhesive, caulk, and paint areas. Customers can be

safe while using products that have hazardous substances.

.

55

CHAPTER 6 RECOMMENDATIONS

Establishment Information

The establishments chosen for the research offer a wide range of products to

choose from but most of these contain hazardous or toxic substances. The stores

should advertise or publicize within the product sections that they offer less hazardous

products. This would be especially helpful to those customers who do not read

instructions or product literature. The advertisements should contain clear visuals and

easy to understand verbiage. For instance, one of the establishments provided several

large checklist tables with information on the brand of caulk that would be most suitable

for specific applications. Unfortunately, the checklist items did not have information on

the toxicity of the products. Providing information on toxicity would improve the ability of

customers to make wise purchasing decisions.

The brochures of paint products are heavily focused on information about colors.

Information on toxicity should also be readily available. This same type of information

should be available with adhesives and caulk. This information should contain a list of

those products that are available inside the establishment and which ones must be

purchased online or which must be special-ordered by the establishment.

Non-Hazardous Substitutes

Some web pages such as Green Home offer an alternative eco-friendly, non-toxic

adhesive. The brand Safecoat® offers an adhesive, caulk and paint that are eco-friendly

and safe. These products are considered by OSHA and NTP to not contain

carcinogenic substances. These are both examples of brands that offer safe products.

Furthermore, there are several products that can be obtained via the Internet that are

56

less harmful to users, including (1) Safecoat® 3 in 1 Adhesive is non-toxic and does not

have an odor, (2) JACO Fire & Draft Sealer caulking is non-combustible and is water

resistant, environmentally safe, and non-toxic, (3) AFM Caulking is a non-toxic, water-

based, elastic emulsion type caulking compound for windows, and cracks in walls, (4)

Titebond® Solvent Free Construction Adhesive contains no ozone-depleting substances

is nonflammable, and emits no harmful fumes, and (5) Valspar® Plus is a non-allergenic

and non-asthmatic paint which is mold and mildew resistant.

Warning Labels

As demonstrated historically, construction workers have a higher probability of

making poor lifestyle choices that may compromise their health. Therefore, it is very

important to stress the need for communicating clearly to them about hazards.

Manufacturers should improve their label display regarding the safety of their products.

The products that contain harmful substances generally have warning labels that are

printed in small font. For instance, many products contain titanium dioxide and several

products contain ethylene glycol. Both of these are potentially harmful to users. This

information and information about the product‘s flammability were commonly advertised

in the lower back section of the product container. Companies should locate warning

labels at the front of the product, possibly in the form of a readily-understood graphic.

The colors in the graphic could inform about product flammability, hazardous

substances, and appropriate precautions to be exercised. Also, information on possible

health risks and proper protective gear should be part of the label.

Safety Data

All of the material safety data sheets (MSDS) of the products included in this

research were examined. The layouts of these sheets differed according to brand. The

57

MSDSs ranged from as little as two pages to as many as five pages. While the 16

sections were always addressed, the fonts were often too small to be legible and other

formatting differences made it difficult to quickly extract desired information. This made

it difficult to find the type of information needed for the research. OSHA requires all

states to follow a set of safety rules but does not specify the layouts. Safety data would

be easier to understand if OSHA would establish a standard template on which to

summarize the material safety data sheets. The summarized information would ideally

be presented on a single page, with the detailed information being available in the

current form.

Safety Data Search

All products, such as adhesives, caulk, and paint, are required by federal law to

have an MSDS. Finding these sheets can be easy or difficult. Some of the brands

provide information that is visible, but often in a small font, on the label of the product.

Users who want to know additional safety information on a product need to take note on

the name of the brand, the product type, usage, and a twelve-digit universal product

code (UPC) to be able to get the information online. The web pages of most retail

branches have the information needed to safely utilize their products, but they do not

always provide the UPC code which may be required to obtain the information on-line.

The first step should be to search on the establishment‘s website to examine the

MSDS that is provided. For instance, some of the information for GE® is difficult to

locate. One of the establishments, which provided GE® products, has all of the MSDSs

of all of the products they sell. When the establishment‘s webpage does not provide a

particular MSDS, the product‘s literature should contain it.

58

Education System

Educational institutions with construction-related curricula should address the

subject of hazardous materials in their courses. College or university-level safety

classes, laboratories, and workshops should provide information on hazardous products

associated with selected tasks. The inclusion of this type of information in the curricula

could be assured if the accreditation bodies mandated that this information be included

in the various types of programs, including those in construction management,

architecture, and civil engineering. Ideally, this information would be included in a

mandatory class that is taken in the early portion of a degree program. Subsequent

classes should also address hazardous substances to ensure that the information is

retained.

Future Research

The construction workforce should receive a broad range of information on the

toxicity of materials being handled. This research focused on the hazardous materials

found in common construction products. Research should be conducted on other

construction materials that contain hazardous substances, including such products as

treated lumber, cement, asphalt, coatings of various types, carpeting, etc. Ideally, this

effort could lead to the development of a relatively comprehensive list of construction

materials and the hazardous substances they contain. This information could then be

kept up-to-date by an association or non-profit organization that could serve as a

clearinghouse of this type of information. As this information is developed, assessments

could be made about the relative toxicity of different products, and this could be made

easily accessible to the construction community.

59

APPENDIX TABLE OF PRODUCTS

Table A-1: Product Data Sheet

Store Type (adhesive/ caulk/paint)

Use Category Brand Subdivision Substances

Ace Hardware

Adhesive Adhesive Metal Devcon Metal Patch & Fill Compound

Amorphous Silica

Aluminum Powder

Crystalline Silica

Methyl Ethl ketone

Methyl Isobutyl Ketone

Ace Hardware

Adhesive Adhesive Multi-Purpose DAP® Weldwood®

Plastic Resin Glue

Barium Chloride

Formaldehyde

Urea-Formaldehyde Polymer

Ace Hardware

Adhesive Adhesive Multi-Purpose Devcon Blue Threadblocker

Amorphous silicon dioxide

Cumene hydroperoxide

Polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate

Polyethylene Glycol Monooleate

Saccharin

Titanium dioxide

Ace Hardware

Adhesive Adhesive Multi-Purpose Elmer's ® Glue-All Max Chlorobenzene

Methylene Bisphenyl Isocyanate

60

Table A-1. Continued



Ace Hardware

Adhesive Adhesive Multi-Purpose Elmer's ® Glue-All Max Polymethylene Polyphenyl Isocyanate

Ace Hardware

Adhesive Adhesive Multi-Purpose Elmer's® Craft Bond Rubber Cement

Isopropanol

Heptane

Ace Hardware

Adhesive Adhesive Multi-Purpose Weldbond® Bonds Most Anything

No Hazardous Substances

Ace Hardware

Adhesive Super Glue Plastics Loctite® Plastics Bonding System Activator

Ethyl cyanoacrylat

n-Heptane

Ace Hardware

Adhesive Adhesive Multi-Purpose 3M™ Super Strength Isopropyl Alcohol

Methyl Ethyl Ketone

Thermoplastic Polyurethane

Toluene

Vinyl Acetate

Vinyl Copolymer

Ace Hardware

Adhesive Adhesive Interior/Exterior 430 Henry® Clear Pro™ Henry®

Clear, Thin Spread, Floor Tile Adhesive


Ace Hardware

Adhesive Adhesive Cove Base 440 Henry® Cove Base No Hazardous Substances

61




Ace Hardware

Adhesive Adhesive Carpet 663 Henry® Outdoor Carpet Deodorized kerosene

Solvent naphtha (petroleum), light aliphatic

Ace Hardware

Adhesive Adhesive Vinyl ACE Flexible Vinyl Mender

Methyl ethyl ketone

Polyester Based Polyurethane

Ace Hardware

Adhesive Cement Multi-Purpose BARGE® Original

All Purpose Cement

Aliphatic Hydrocarbon

Ethyl Acetate

N-heptane

Toluene

Silica Amorphous hydrated

Ace Hardware

Adhesive Cement Multi-Purpose Elmer's Stix-All Gel 3-(trimethoxysilyl)-1-propanamine

Ace Hardware

Adhesive Cement Multi-Purpose DUCO® Cement

Duco® Cement Acetone

Camphor

Cellulose Nitrate

Dicyclohexyl Phthalate

Isopropyl Alcohol

1-Methoxy-2-Propanol

62


Store Type (adhesive/ Caulk/paint)


Ace Hardware

Adhesive Cement Multi-Purpose DUCO® Plastic

Model Cement Ethyl Acetate

Ace Hardware

Adhesive Contact Adhesive

House Amazing GOOP

Household Toluene

Solvent Naptha

Ace Hardware


Plumbing Amazing GOOP

Plumbing Toluene

Solvent Naptha

Ace Hardware


Multi-Purpose SealAll Acetone

Methyl Ethyl Ketone

Ace Hardware

Adhesive Contact Cement

Wood DAP® Weldwood®

Contact Cement Acetone

Aliphatic Petroleum Distillate

N-Hexane

Toluene

Ace Hardware


General Purpose Adhesive

W.J Ruscoe®

Pliobond® 25 LV Permanent Flexible Bond

No information available

Ace Hardware


General Purpose Adhesive

W.J Ruscoe®

Pliobond® Permanet Flexible Bonds

No information available

Ace Hardware

Adhesive Epoxy Multi-Purpose ACE Extra Time™ Epoxy Hardener & Resin


Phenyl glycidyl ether

63




Ace Hardware

Adhesive Epoxy Multi-Purpose ACE Gel Epoxy Syringe Super Strength Hardener

Aliphatic amines

N-(2-Aminoethyl)piperazine Phenol, 2,4,6-tris[(dimethylamino)methyl]

Pentaerythritol-PO-mercaptoglycerol

Silica, amorphous, fumed, Crystalline-free

Ace Hardware

Adhesive Epoxy Multi-Purpose ACE Gel Epoxy Syringe Super Strength Resin

Epoxy resin

Silica, amorphous, fumed, Crystalline-free

Ace Hardware

Adhesive Epoxy Marine ACE Marine Epoxy Benzyl Alcohol

Formaldehyde, Polymer woth Toluene

N-Isotricdecyloxypropyl-Trimethylene Diamine

Phenol, 2,4,6 -Tris [(dimethylamino)Methyl]

64




Ace Hardware

Adhesive Epoxy Marine ACE Marine Epoxy Propylene Glycol Isophoronediamine

Silica, amorphous, fumed

Silica, Quartz

Ace Hardware

Adhesive Epoxy Plastics ACE Plastic Repair Epoxy

Aliphatic amines

N-(2-Aminoethyl)piperazine


Phenol, 2,4,6-tris[(dimethylamino)methyl]

Silica, amorphous, fumed, crystalline-free

Ace Hardware

Adhesive Epoxy Multi-Purpose ACE Quick Set™ Epoxy Hardener

Aliphatic amines

N-(2-Aminoethyl)piperazine


Phenol, 2,4,6-tris[(dimethylamino)methyl]

Silica, amorphous, fumed, crystalline-fre

65


Store Type

(adhesive/ caulk/paint)


Ace Hardware

Adhesive Epoxy Multi-Purpose ACE Quick Set™ Epoxy Resin


Phenyl glycidyl ether

Ace Hardware

Adhesive Epoxy Multi-Purpose Devcon 2 Ton® Clear Epoxy Hardener

Aminoethylpiperazine

Nonylphenol

Ace Hardware

Adhesive Epoxy Multi-Purpose Devcon 2 Ton® Clear Epoxy Resin

Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether resin

Ace Hardware

Adhesive Epoxy Multi-Purpose Devcon 5 Minute Epoxy Hardener

Not provided

Ace Hardware

Adhesive Epoxy Multi-Purpose Devcon 5 Minute Epoxy Resin

Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether resin

Ace Hardware

Adhesive Epoxy Multi-Purpose Gorilla Epoxy. 5 minute Hardener/Resin

Alkyl Glycidyl Ether

Epoxy Resin

Modified Epoxy Resin

Ace Hardware

Adhesive Epoxy Multi-Purpose PC Fix Your Things™

PC-7™ Aliphatic Polyaminoamid

Bisphenol A Epoxy Resi

Formaldehyde, polymer with 1,3,dimethylbenzene

Hydrocarbon Resin

Magnesium Silicate

66




Ace Hardware

Adhesive Epoxy Multi-Purpose PC Fix Your Things™

PC-11™ Aluminum Silicate

Bisphenol A Epoxy Resin

Formaldehyde, polymer with 1,3,dimethylbenzene

liquid copolymer

Magnesium Silicate

N-Aminoethylpiperazine

Nonylphenol

Polyoxypropylenediamine

Ace Hardware

Adhesive Epoxy Multi-Purpose Loctite® Extra Time Epoxy

Epichlorohydrin-4-4'-Isopropylidene Diphenol Resin

Ace Hardware

Adhesive Epoxy Multi-Purpose Loctite® Repair Putty Multi-Purpose

Diglycidyl ethers of bisphenol A resins

Glycidyl ethers of bisphenol A resins

Polymeric phenolic amine

Tri (dimethylaminomethyl) phenol

Zinc sulfide

67




Ace Hardware

Adhesive Epoxy Putty Marine PC Fix Your Things™

PC-Marine™ Bisphenol A Epoxy Resin

Epoxy Resins

Polymer Phenolic Amine

Zinc Sulfide

Ace Hardware

Adhesive Epoxy Putty Metal PC Fix Your Things™

PC-Metal™ Bisphenol A Epoxy Resin

Tri(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol

Ace Hardware

Adhesive Glue Multi-Purpose Elmer's All Purpose Glue Stick

No hazardous Substances

Ace Hardware

Adhesive Spray Adhesive

Interior/Exterior 3M™ High Strength 90 Aerosol Spray Low 25% VOC

Chlorobenzotrifluoride

Cyclohexane

1,1-Difluoroethane

Dimethyl ether

Hexmethyldisiloxane

Methyl acetate

N-Butyl acetate

Propane

Talc

68




Ace Hardware


Aerosol 3M™ Super 77 Multi-Purpose Adhesive

Acetone

Cyclohexane

Hexane

Hydrotreated light naphtha (petroleum)

Propane

Ace Hardware

Adhesive Super Glue Multi-Purpose ACE All-Purpose Super Glue

Ethyl cyanocrylate

Poly(methyl methacrylate)


Hydroquinone

Ace Hardware

Adhesive Super Glue Multi-Purpose ACE No-Run Super Glue Gel

Ethyl cyanocrylate

Poly(methyl methacrylate)


Hydroquinone

69




Ace Hardware

Adhesive Super Glue Multi-Purpose DURO® Super glue Ethyl Cyanocrylate

Ace Hardware

Adhesive Super Glue Multi-Purpose Gorilla Dries White 2x Faster

Diphenylmethane-diisocyanate

Toluene

Urethane prepolymer

Ace Hardware

Adhesive Super Glue Multi-Purpose Instant Krazy Glue®

Super Glue Brush

ethyl 2 cyanocrylate

Ace Hardware


All Purpose Gel Ethyl 2-Cyanoacrylate

Fumed, Silica

Ace Hardware


Super Glue Pen Ethyl 2-Cyanoacrylate

Ace Hardware


All Purpose Tube

Ethyl 2-Cyanoacrylate

Fumed, Silica

Ace Hardware

Adhesive Super Glue Multi-Purpose Loctite® Super Glue Brush On

Ethyl Cyanoacrylate

Ace Hardware

Adhesive Super Glue Multi-Purpose Loctite® Super Glue Gel Control™


Fumed, Silica

Ace Hardware

Adhesive Super Glue Multi-Purpose Loctite® Super Glue Pen Ethyl Cyanoacrylate

Ace Hardware

Adhesive Super Glue Multi-Purpose Loctite® Super Glue. Longneck Bottle


Ace Hardware

Adhesive Wood Glue Multi-Purpose Elmer's® Glue-All No Hazardous Substances

70




Ace Hardware

Adhesive Wood Glue Wood Titebond® Molding & Trim Wood Glue

Oxydipropyl Dibenzoate

Ace Hardware

Adhesive Wood Glue Wood Titebond® Liquid Hide Wood Glue

Ammonium Thiocyanate

Cyanoguanidine

Ace Hardware

Adhesive Wood Glue Wood Titebond® II Premium Wood Glue

Aluminum Chloride, Anhydrous

Ace Hardware

Adhesive Wood Glue Wood Titebond® III Ultimate Wood Glue

Diethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether

Ace Hardware

Caulk Exterior Flame Stopper™

5000 Flexible Intumescent Sealant

Mineral Spirits

Ace Hardware

Caulk Exterior Roof & Gutter ACE Plastic Roof Cement. Wet of Dry Surfaces

Asbestos Fibers

Calcined Clay

Kaolin

Petroleum Asphalt

Petroleum Solvents

Ace Hardware

Caulk Interior Multi-Purpose ACE Heavy Duty N-Hexane

Methanol

Methyl acetate

Vinyl Acetate

Ace Hardware

Caulk Interior Tub ACE Tub Surrounds Hexane

71




Ace Hardware

Caulk Interior Kitchen & Bath & Plumbing

ACE Tub & Tile. Siliconize Acrylic Caulk

Aqua Ammonia

Benzoate Ester

Calcium Carbonate

Mineral Spirits

Octylphenol Ethoxylate

Titanium Dioxide

Ace Hardware

Caulk Interior Kitchen & Bath ACE Silicone Tube & Tile

Ethyltriacetoxysilane

Methyltriacetoxysilane

Silica

Titanium Dioxide

Ace Hardware

Caulk Interior Kitchen & Bath DAP® Kitchen & Bath. 100% Silicone Sealant. White

Aluminum

Dimethyl Siloxane, Trimethoxysilyl-Terminated


Hydrotreated Middle Petroleum Distillates


Silica, Amorphous,

Titanium Dioxide

72




Ace Hardware


DAP® Kwik Seal ™

Kwik Seal Tub & Tile Adhesive Caulk

Acetaldehyde

Acrylonitrile

Calcium Carbonate

Ester Branched and Linear

Ethylene Glycol

Ethyl Acrylate

Formaldehyde

N-Butyl acetate

Silica, Crystaline

Titanium Dioxide

Ace Hardware


GE® SiliconeII Premium Waterproof Kicthen/Bath/Plumbing

Distillates Petroleum, Hydrotreated

Hexamethyldisilazane

Methyl Trimethoxysilane

Ace Hardware

Caulk Interior/ Exterior

Window/Door ACE 100% Silicone Architectural Grade. Clear

Dimethylsiloxane



Silica

Titanium Dioxide

73




Ace Hardware


Multi-Purpose ACE Clear Sealant. High Tech Sealant

Lt. Aliphatic Solvent Naphtha

Polyalicyclic Resin

Toluene

Xylene

Ace Hardware


Concrete & Blacktop Caul

ACE Concrete & Mortar

Aqua Amonia

Acrylic Ter-polymer

Benzoate Ester

Calcium Carbonate

Ceramic Microsphere

Mineral Spirits

Ace Hardware

Caulk Interior /Exterior

ACE Cove Base No Hazardous Substances

Ace Hardware


Specialty Caulk ACE Glazing Compound With Silicone. Window Repair

Benzoate Ester

Bis(Tributyltin) Oxide

Calcium Carbonate

Ethylene Glycol

Mineral Spirits


74




Ace Hardware


Roof & Gutter ACE Gutter & Foundation. White

Alkane Sulfate Phenyl Esters

Calcium Carbonate

Ethyl Benzene

Methanol

PVC Polymer

Silica Quartz

Solvent Based Copolymer Blend

Titanium Dioxide

Xylene

DIDP

MDI

Ace Hardware


Multi-Purpose ACE Heavy Duty N-Hexane

Methyl acetate

Vinyl Acetate

Ace Hardware


Mirror ACE Mirror Acetone

Hexane

Methyl Acetate

Ace Hardware


Multi-Purpose ACE Polyurethane. Premium Construction Adhesive

4, 4 - Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate

Aliphatic Petroleum Distillates

75




Ace Hardware


Floor ACE Subfloor & Deck Hexane

Toluene

Ace Hardware


Floor ACE Tile Adhesive Acrylic Polimer

Calcium Carbonate

Ethylene Glycol

Mineral Spirits

Urea

Ace Hardware

Caulk Interior /Exterior

Floor ACE Tile Grout Aqua Amonia

Calcium Carbonate

Ethylene Glycol

Mineral Spirits


Titanium Dioxide

Ace Hardware


Window/Door ACE Window & Door. White

acrylic TerPolymer Emulsion

Ammonium Hydroxide

Benzoate ester

Petroleum Distillates

Titanium Dioxide

Ace Hardware


Window/Door Big Stretch® Clear Ethylene Glycol

76




Ace Hardware

Caulk Interior/Exterior

Window/Door DAP® Alex Plus. Clear Acetaldehyde

Ammonia

Formaldehyde

Ethylene glycol

Triethoxysilane

Ace Hardware


Window/Door DAP® Alex Plus. White Ammonia

Branched and Linear Phthalates

Ethylene Glycol

Formaldehyde

Limestone

Titanium Dioxide

Silica, Crystalline

Ace Hardware


Multi-Purpose DAP® Alex® Painter's Acrylic Latex Caulk

Ammonia


Ethylene Glycol

Formaldehyde

Limestone

Titanium Dioxide

Silica, Crystalline

Ace Hardware


Concrete DAP® Concrete Formaldehyde

77




Ace Hardware


Window/Door DAP® Dynaflex 230 Clear

Ethylene Glycol

Formaldehyde

Ace Hardware


Window/Door DAP® Dynaflex 230 White


Ethylene Glycol

Formaldehyde

Limestone

Silica, Crystalline

Titanium Dioxide

Ace Hardware


Window/Door DAP® Silicone Rubber Sealant Window / Door


Methyllethylketoxime

Methyl tri(ethylmethylketoxime) silane

Ace Hardware


Multi-Purpose DAP® Tex® Multi-Purpose Foam Sealant

Ethylene Glycol

Dimethyl Ether

Isopropyl Alcohol

Propane

N-Butane

Vinyl Acetate

78




Ace Hardware


Multi-Purpose Gardner Leak Stopper Clear Patch

2, 2, 4 - Trimethyl - 1, 3 - Pentanediol Monoisobutyrate

2 - Amino - 2 - Methyl - 1 – Propanol

Ace Hardware


Window/Door GE® Silicone II Window & Door. 100% Silicone Sealant

Distillates, Petroleum, Hydrotreated



Ace Hardware


Multi-Purpose Great Stuff™

Big Gap Filler Dimethyl Ether

Isobutene

Liquified Petroleum Mixture

Polymethylene Polyphenyl Isocyanate

Prepolymer of MDI and Polyether Polyol

Propane

79




Ace Hardware



Gaps & Crack Isocyanic Acid, Polymethylenepolyphenylene ester

Polymer

Propanetriyltris

Polymethylenepolyphenyl polyisocyanate

polypropyleneglycol copolymer

Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate, isomers and Homologues

Isobutene

Propane

Methyl Ether

Ace Hardware



Fireblock Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate, isomers and homologues

4,4' -Methylenediphenyl diisocyanate

Polymethylenepolyphenyl polyisocyanate,


Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate

80




Ace Hardware



Fireblock Paraffin waxes and Hydrocarbon waxes, chlorinated

Isobutene

Propane

Methyl ether

Ace Hardware


Window/Door Great Stuff™

Window & Door Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate, isomers and homologues

Polymethylenepolyphenyl polyisocyanate,


Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate

Paraffin waxes and Hydrocarbon waxes, chlorinated

Isobutene

Propane

Methyl ether

Ace Hardware


Specialty Caulk Lexel® Clear Silicone Caulk

Toluene

VM & P

81




Ace Hardware


Construction adhesives

Liquid Nails®

Heavy Duty Construction

Crystalline silica, cristobalite

Cyclohexan

Heptane

Kaolin

Limestone

Titanium dioxide

Quartz

Ace Hardware


Construction adhesives

Liquid Nails®

Projects Clay


Heptane

Limestone

Petroleum hydrocarbo

Light aliphatic solvent naphtha (petroleum)

Quartz

Titanium dioxide

Ace Hardware


Floor Liquid Nails®

Subfloor & Deck Construction adhesive


Cyclohexane

Heptane, branched, cyclic and linear

82




Ace Hardware


Floor Liquid Nails®

Subfloor & Deck Construction adh

Heptane

Hydrotreated light distillate

Kaolin


Limestone

Quartz

Resin

Styrene-butadiene polymer

Titanium dioxide

Toluene

Ace Hardware


Tub Liquid Nails®

Tub Surrounds Acrylic resin

Ethylene glycol

Diethylene glycol dibenzoate

Limestone

Quartz

Titanium dioxide

Ace Hardware


Multi-Purpose Loctite® PL Premium. Polyureathane Construction Adhesive

Hydrocarbon C11-25 dearomatized

Methylene bisphenyl isocyanate

83




Ace Hardware


Multi-Purpose Loctite® PL Premium. Polyureathane Construction Adhesive

Diphenylmethane-diisocyanate, isomers and homologues

Talc

Ace Hardware


Multi-Purpose Loctite® Powergrab Quartz (SiO2)

Ace Hardware


Specialty Caulk Polyseamseal

All-Purpose. Adhesive & Caulk in One. White

N-Butyl Acetate

Titanium Dioxide

Ace Hardware


Specialty Caulk Polyseamseal

All-Purpose. Adhesive & Caulk in One. Clear


Ace Hardware

Paint Interior Ceiling ACE Simply Magic

Color Transforming Flat Ceiling Paint. Interior Acrylic Latex


Ace Hardware

Paint Exterior Multi-Purpose Royal® Premium

House Paint Nepheline Syenite

Titanium Dioxide

Iron Hydroxide Oxide

Sica, Amorphous

Diiron Trioxide

Carbon Black

Palygorskite

84




Ace Hardware

Paint Exterior Wall/ Paint Royal® Premium

House + Trim Paint Semi-Gloss

Titanium Dioxide

Chronium (III) Oxide

Diiron Trioxide

Iron Hydroxide Oxide

Nepheline Syenite

Isobutyric Acid

Carbon Black

Palygorskite

Ace Hardware

Paint Interior Walls Royal® Premium

Wall Paint Isobutyric acid, monoester with 2,2,4-trimethylpentane-1,3-diol

Nepheline syenite

Limestone

Titanium dioxide

Ceramic materials and wares, substances

Silica, amorphous - diatomaceous earth

Quartz (SiO2)

Carbon black

Palygorskite

Ace Hardware

Paint Interior Wall/ Trim Royal® Premium

Wall + Trim Paint Titanium dioxide


85




Ace Hardware

Paint Interior Wall/ Trim Royal® Premium

Wall + Trim Paint Nepheline syenite

Carbon black

Palygorskite

Ace Hardware

Paint Interior Mold proof Multi-Purpose

Zinsser® Perma-White Mold & Mildew-Proof.

Titanium Dioxide

Aluminum Silicate

Ethylene Glycol

Diethanolamine

Ace Hardware

Primer Interior Paint primer Kilz® Original

Primer - Sealer Stainblocker. Oil Base

Nepheline Syenite

Nonanes

Distillates (petroleum), hydrotreated ligh


Rutile

Silicate, mica

Titanium dioxide

Talc, Magnesium silicate hydrate

Octanes

Propane

n-butane

Isobutene

Acetone

86




Ace Hardware

Primer Interioe/ Exterior

Multi-Purpose spray adhesive

Zinsser® 1.2.3 Primer for All Surfaces

Titanium Dioxide

Ethylene Glycol

Magnesium Silicate

Ace Hardware

Primer Exterior Paint primer Royal® Premium

Oil-Base Primer House & Trim

Ethylene Glycol

Ace Hardware

Primer Exterior Paint Primer Royal® Premium

Latex Primer House & Trim

Calcium carbonate

Dioxotitanium

Kaolin

1,2-Ethanediol

Ace Hardware

Primer Interior/ Exterior

Paint Primer Zinsser® Cover Stain Primer Stain Blocker Bond Coat

Ethylene Glycol

Calcium carbonate

Titanium Dioxide

Ace Hardware


Primer Sealer Stain blocker. Interior

Titanium dioxide

Rutile

Distillates (petroleum)

Silicate, mica

Limestone

Amorphous silica

Hydrated aluminum-magnesium silicate

87




Ace Hardware


Primer Sealer Stain blocker. Interior

Nepheline Syenite

Talc

Ace Hardware

Primer Interior Paint primer Royal® Premium

Alkyd Primer Multi-Purpose

Petroleum Distilates, Aliphatic

Ace Hardware

Primer Interior Paint primer Royal® Premium

Latex Primer Dry Wall

Calcium carbonate

Dioxotitanium


1,2-Ethanediol

Dioxosilane

Palygorskite

Ace Hardware

Primer Interior Multi-Purpose primer

Royal® Premium

Latex Primer Multi-Purpose

Calcium carbonate

Dioxotitanium

Kaolin

1,2-Ehanediol

Ace Hardware


Paint primer Kilz 2® Latex

Primer Sealer Stain Blocker. All Purpose Stainblocker. Water Base

Styrene resin

Limestone

Titanium dioxide

Nepheline Syenite

Ethylene glycol

88




Ace Hardware


Paint Primer Kilz® Premium

Primer Sealer Stain Blocker

Petroleum Hydrocarbon/Vegetable Oil


Mineral spirits

Nepheline Syenite

Nonanes

Titanium dioxide

Resin

Octanes, all isomers

Limestone

Rutile

Distillates (petroleum), hydrotreated light; Kerosine -

Unspecified


Silicate, mica

Ace Hardware


Paint Primer Royal® Premium

Sealing Primer. Stain Blocking

Ethylene glycol

2,2,4-trimethyl-1-1,3-pentanediol mono(2-

methylpropanoate)

Ace Hardware


Paint Primer Royal® Premium

Tintable Primer 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-p

89




Ace Hardware


Multi-Purpose primer

Zinsser® 1.2.3 Primer for All Surfaces

Titanium Dioxide

Magnesium Silicate

Ethylene Oxide

Ace Hardware


Paint primer Zinsser® BIN Primer Ultimate Stain Blocker

Hydrotreated Light Distillate

Magnesium Silicate

Solvent Naptha, Light Aromatic

Aluminum silicate

Crystalline Silica

Ace Hardware


Paint primer Zinsser® BIN Shellac Base Primer Ultimate Stain Blocker

Acetone

n-Butyl Alcohol

Ethanol

Isopropanol

Kaolin

Mica

Propane

Sodium Aluminosilicate

Titanium dioxide

90


Store Type

(adhesive/ caulk/paint)


Home Depot


Fire barrier 3M™ Fire barrier cp-25wb+

Zinc borate 2335

Polymer

Sodium Silicate

Ethylhexyldiphenyl Phosphate

Iron Oxide

Polyethylene Glycol

Oxide glass substances

Home Depot


Fire barrier 3M™ Firebarrier™ sealant ic 15 wb+

Calcium carbonate

Fiberglass

Polymer

Polyoxyethylene monooctylphenyl ether

Quartz silica

Sodium nonylphenyl polyethoxy ether sulfate

Sodium silicate

Zinc borate 2335

Home Depot


Fire block 3M™ Fire block sealant fb 136

Kaolin

Quartz silica

Sodium hydroxide

91




Home Depot


Fire Block 3M™ Fire block sealant fb 136

Sodium silicate

Wollastonite

Home Depot


Multi-Purpose DAP® Alex Plus. White Ammonia


Ethylene Glycol

Formaldehyde

Limestone

Titanium Dioxide

Home Depot


Roof DAP® Blacktop & Roof Sealant

Asphal

Home Depot


Multi-Purpose DAP® Dynaflex 230 Clear

Ethylene Glycol

Formaldehyde

Home Depot


Multi-Purpose DAP® Dynaflex 230 White


Ethylene Glycol

Formaldehyde

Limestone

Silica, Crystalline

Titanium Dioxide

Home Depot



Ethylene Glycol

Dimethyl Ether

Isopropyl Alcohol

Propane

92




Home Depot



Vinyl Acetate

Home Depot


Fire block DAP® Fire Block Foam Polyurethane Sealant

Chlorodifluoromethane

4,4‘-Methylenediphenyl diisocyanate

Polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate

Home Depot

Caulk Exterior Gutter & Flashing DAP® 3.0 Advanced Gutter & Flashing

Proprietary Phthalate Esters

Titanium dioxide

Trimethoxyvinylsilane

Home Depot

Caulk Exterior Asphalt DAP® Roof Watertight Asphalt Filler & Sealant

Asphalt

Magnesite

Hydrous Aluminum Silicate

Home Depot

Caulk Exterior Concrete DAP® 3.0 Advanced Self-Leveling Concrete Sealant

Limestone


Silica, crystalline

93

Tale A-1 Continued



Home Depot

Caulk Exterior Multi-Purpose DAP® 3.0 Advanced All-Purpose Sealant All Weather Window/Door

Titanium dioxide

trimethoxyvinylsilane

Home Depot

Caulk Interior Kitchen/ Bath DAP® 3.0 Kitchen & Bath. 100% Silicone Sealant. White

Aluminum

Dimethyl Siloxane, Trimethoxysilyl-Terminated




Silica, Amorphous,

Titanium Dioxide

Home Depot


Leak Stopper Gardner Leak Stopper Clear Patch

2, 2, 4 - Trimethyl - 1, 3 - Pentanediol Monoisobutyrate

2 - Amino - 2 - Methyl - 1 - Propanol

94




Home Depot


Multi-Purpose GE® Silicone I Distillates, petroleum, hydrotreated


Methyltrimethoxysilane

Home Depot


Window/ Door GE® 1hour Silicone II Supreme

Methoxypolydimethylsiloxane

Polydimethylsiloxane

Treated fumed silica

Siloxanes & Silicones, Dimethylpolymers w/Methylsilsesquioxanes

Home Depot

Caulk Exterior Gutter & Flashing GE® Silicone II Gutter and Flashing

Distillates, petroleum,hydrotreated


Methyl trimethoxysilane

Home Depot


Multi-Purpose GE® Silicone II Premium Water Proof


Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane

95




Home Depot


Window, Door, Attic, Basement, Trim Int/Ext

GE® Silicone II Premium Waterproof Window Door Attic Basement Trim

Distillates, petroleum,hydrotreated,

Hexamethyldislazane

Methyl trimethoxysilane

Polydimethylsiloxane

Home Depot


Window/ Door GE® Window & Door Butyl benzyl phthalate

Diisoheptyl phthalate

Ethanediol

Stoddard solvent

Home Depot


Multi-Purpose Loctite® PL® 300 Low VOC Foamboard Adhesive

Quartz (sio2)

Home Depot


Multi-Purpose Loctite® PL® 375™ Heavy Duty Construction Adhesive

Distillates, petroleum, steam-cracked, polymd

Naphtha (petroleum), solvent-refined light

96




Home Depot


Multi-Purpose Loctite® PL® 375™ Heavy Duty Construction Adhesive

a (petroleum), solvent-refined light 64741-84-0 10 - 30

n-Hexane

Ethanol

Distillates (petroleum), hydrotreated heavy naphthenic

Titanium dioxide

Quartz (SiO2)

Home Depot


Floor Loctite® PL® 400® SubFloor & Deck Adhesive

Naphtha (petroleum)

solvent-refined light

Toluene


n-Hexane

Ethanol


Titanium dioxide

Quartz (SiO2)

97




Home Depot

Caulk Exterior Landscape Loctite® PL® Landscape Block Adhesive

Naphtha (petroleum)

solvent-refined light

Toluene


n-Hexane

Ethanol


Titanium dioxide

Quartz (SiO2)

Home Depot


Multi-Purpose Loctite® PL Premium® ADVANCED Polyurethane Construction Adhesive

Calcium oxide

Diphenylmethane-diisocyanate, isomers and homologues

Quartz (SiO2)

Methylene bisphenyl isocyanate

Methylenebis(phenylisocyanate)

Titanium dioxide

98




Home Depot


Multi-Purpose Loctite® Power Grab® All-Purpose Construction Adhesive

Quartz (SiO2)

Home Depot


Multi-Purpose Loctite® Power Grab® Heavy Duty Interior / Exterior Construction Adhesive

Quartz (SiO2)

Home Depot


Multi-Purpose Loctite® Power Grab® Molding & Paneling Construction Adhesive

Quartz (SiO2)

Home Depot


Multi-Purpose Polyseamseal® SEALANT

Poliseamseal All Purpose Clear


Home Depot

Caulk Interior Tub & Tile Polyseamseal® SEALANT

Polyseamseal Tub & Tile Adhesives Caulk

N-Butyl Acetate

Titanium Dioxide

Home Depot

Caulk Interior Tub & Tile Polyseamseal® SEALANT

Polyseamseal Tub & Tile ULTRA

Titanium Dioxide

Ethylene Glycol

99




Home Depot

Caulk Exterior Multi-Purpose Polyseamseal® SEALANT

Poliseamseal Ultra Exterior

Mineral Oil

Ethylene Glycol

Home Depot

Caulk Exterior Concrete Loctite® PL® Polyurethane Concrete/Crack/Masonry

Limestone

Titanium dioxide

Stoddard solvent

Talc

Propylidynetrimethyl trimethacrylate

Calcium oxide

Toluene-2,4-diisocyanate

Quartz (SiO2)

Home Depot

Caulk Exterior Roof/ Flashing Loctite® PL® Polyurethane Roof/Flashing

Limestone

Methyl oleate

Titanium dioxide

Stoddard solvent

Talc

Propylidynetrimethyl trimethacrylate

Calcium oxide

Quartz (SiO2)

100




Home Depot

Caulk Exterior Roof/ Flashing Loctite®

PL® Polyurethane Roof/Flashing

Toluene-2,4-diisocyanate

Carbon black

Home Depot


Window/ Door Loctite® PL® Polyurethane Window/Door/Sliding

Titanium Dioxide

Stoddard Solvent

Silica, Quartz

Home Depot


Multi-Purpose White Lightning®

3006 All Purpose Adhesive Caulk

Mineral Spirits

Calcium Carbonate

Titanium Dioxide

Home Depot

Solvents Interior/ Exterior

Mineral Spirits Klean Strip® Acetone Acetone

Home Depot

Solvents Interior Exterior

Thinner Klean Strip® Lacquer Thinner Methanol

Toluene

Acetone

Methyl ethyl ketone

Ethanol, 2-Butox

Acetic acid, Ethyl ester

Hexane, Light aliphatic naptha

101




Home Depot


Solvent Klean Strip®

Methil Ethyl Ketone

Methil Ethyl Ketone

Home Depot


Paint thinner/ solvent

Klean Strip®

Mineral Spirits Mineral Spirits

Home Depot


Paint thinner/ solvent

Klean Strip®

Odorless Mineral Spirits

Mineral spirits

Aliphatic Petroleum Distillates

White spirits

Home Depot


Paint thinner Klean Strip®

Paint Thinner Paint Thinner

Home Depot

Solvents Interior/ xterior

Paint thinner Klean Strip® SLX Denatured Alcohol

SLX Denatured Alcohol

Home Depot


Paint thinner Klean Strip® VM & Naphtha VM & Naptha

Home Depot

Paint Exterior Exterior Behr® Premium Plus® Flat

Titanium Dioxide

Nepheline Syenite

Amorphous Silica

Aliminum Hydroxide

Silica, Crystalline

Home Depot

Paint Exterior Exterior Behr® Premium Plus® Satin Enamel

Styrene/acrylic copolymer

Silica, amorphous, precipitated and gel

Aluminum hydroxide

Ethylene glycol

102




Home Depot

Paint Exterior Exterior Behr® Premium Plus® Satin Enamle

Nepheline Syenite

Titanium dioxide

Home Depot

Paint Interior/ Exterior

Floor Behr® Premium Plus® Interior/Exterior Hi-Gloss Enamel


Aluminum hydroxide

Ethylene glycol

Titanium dioxide

2-ethylhexyl benzoate

Acrylic polymer

Home Depot

Primer Exterior Paint sealer Behr® Premium Plus® Exterior Water Base & Sealer

Titanium dioxide

Styrene resin

Ethylene glycol

Nepheline Syenite

Silica, crystalline - cristobalite

Zinc oxide


103




Home Depot


Paint primer Behr® Premium Plus® Interior/Exterior Oil Based Primer

Mineral spirits

Silicate, mica

Ethylbenzene

Long oil Alkyd

Distillates (petroleum), hydrotreated light; Kerosine - unspecified

Rutile

Titanium dioxide

Home Depot

Paint Exterior Multi-Purpose Behr® Premium Plus Ultra® Exterior Flat

Acrylic polymer

Titanium dioxide


Flux Calcined Diatomaceous Earth (DE)


Aluminum hydroxide

Nepheline Syenite

Silica, crystalline - quartz

104




Home Depot

Paint Exterior Multi-Purpose Behr® Premium Plus Ultra® Exterior Flat



Home Depot

Paint Interior Walls Behr® Premium Plus® Interior Flat


Titanium dioxide

Nepheline Syenite


Aluminum hydroxide

Clay (kaolin)

Home Depot

Paint Interior Wallsr Behr® Premium Plus® Interior Flat Enamel

Coalescing aid

Titanium dioxide

Aluminum hydroxide

Acrylic polymer


Nepheline Syenite



Ethylene glycol

105




Home Depot

Paint Interior Ceiling Behr® Premium Plus® Interior Ceiling Paint


Vinyl acrylic polymer

Titanium dioxide

Clay (kaolin)


Home Depot

Primer Interior Paint primer Behr® Premium Plus® Drywall Primer & Sealer

Ethylene glycol

Polymer(s)

Titanium dioxide

Home Depot

Primer Interior Paint primer Behr® Premium Plus® Interior/Exterior Oil Based Primer & Sealer

Mineral spirits

Silicate, mica

Ethylbenzene

Long oil Alkyd


Rutile

Titanium dioxide

106




Home Depot


Masonry Behr® Interior/Exterior Masonry Stucco & Brick Paint White Base No. 270

Titanium dioxide

Vinyl-acrylic based polymer


Silicate, mica

Anhydrous aluminum silicate

Home Depot

Primer Exterior Concrete Behr® Concrete & Masonry Bonding Primer No. 880

Amine salt of modified acrylic copolymer

Home Depot

Paint Exterior Masonry Behr® Elastomeric Masonry, Stucco & Brick Paint

Titanium dioxide


Acrylic polymer

Ethylene glycol

Home Depot

Paint Exterior Roof Behr® Roof Paint Amorphous silica


Aluminum hydroxide

Titanium dioxide

107




Home Depot

Paint Interior Walls Glidden™ Premium Collection

Interior Latex Paint - Flat

Limestone

Silicon oxide

Sodium aluminosilicate

Titanium dioxide

Quart

Feldspar-type minerals

Diatomaceous earth, uncalcined

Calcined kaolin clay

Vinyl acetate/acrylic copolymer

Home Depot

Paint Exterior Multi-Purpose Glidden™ Premium Collection

Exterior Latex Paint - Flat

Zinc oxide

Carbon black





Silica, diatomaceous earth

108




Home Depot


Multi-Purpose The Glidden™ Premium Collection

Interior/ Exterior High Gloss Paint

Titanium dioxide

Texanol

Polymeric dispersant solution

Home Depot


Paint primer The Glidden™ Primers

White Primer Diethylene glycol monobutyl ether

Limestone

Titanium dioxide

Quartz

Surfactant

Home Depot


Paint primer The Glidden™ Primers

PVA Drywall Primer

Titanium dioxide



Home Depot


Ceiling Glidden™ EZ Track®

Ceiling Paint Sodium aluminosilicate

Titanium dioxide

Talc

Vinyl acrylic latex



109




Home Depot

Paint Interior/Exterior

Floor Glidden™ Porch & Floor Alkyd Gloss Paint

Ethylbenzene

Limestone

Xylene

Clay

Carbon black

Titanium dioxide

Talc

Quartz

Aluminum hydroxide


Heavy solvent naphtha

Medium aliphatic solvent naphtha

Amorphous silica

Mineral spirits

Home Depot

Paint Interior/Exterior

Floor Glidden™ Porch & Floor Latex Satin Paint

Limestone

Carbon black

Titanium dioxide

Quartz

Texanol


http://www.duspec.com/DuSpec2/document/DocumentDisplayController.htm?documentId=10499



110




Home Depot


Primer KILZ® Original

Stainblocking Primer. Oil Base

Titanium dioxide


Nonanes

Rutile

Silicate, mica



Acetone

Propane

Isobutene

n-butane

Home Depot


Paint primer KILZ® Original

Paint. Oil based Nepheline Syenite

Silicate, mica

Rutile



Titanium dioxide

Nonanes



111




Home Depot



Low VOC Paint. Oil Base


Nepheline Syenite

Rutile

Titanium dioxide

Silicate, mica


Home Depot


Spray Adhesive KILZ® Odorless

Odorless Paint. Oil Base

Nonanes

Isopar C

Vinyl acrylate terpolymer

Trimethyl-1, 3-pentanediol, diisobutyrate

Titanium dioxide

Naphtha (petroleum), light alkylate

Isobutene


n-butane

Propane

112




Home Depot

Primer Interior/Exterior

Multi-Purpose KILZ® Odorless

Odorless Paint. Oil Base

Limestone

Nepheline Syenite

Resin

Hydrotreated heavy petroleum naphtha

Coalescing aid

Acrylic polymer

Titanium dioxide

Home Depot


Multi-Purpose KILZ2® Latex

Latex Primer. Water Base

Ethylene glycol

Titanium dioxide

Limestone

Nepheline Syenite

Styrene resin

Home Depot


Multi-Purpose KILZ® Clean Start

Primer Sealer. Water Base

Styrene resin

Rutile

Titanium dioxide

Nepheline Syenite

Silicate, mica

Home Depot


Multi-Purpose KILZ® Premium



Nepheline Syenite

Titanium dioxide

Ethylene glycol

113




Home Depot

Primer Interior Multi-Purpose KILZ® General Purpose


Amorphous silica

Titanium dioxide

Rutile

Ethylene glycol

Silicate, mica

Limestone


Home Depot

Primer Exterior Multi-Purpose KILZ® General Purpose


Styrene resin


Titanium dioxide

Nepheline Syenite

Ethylene glycol

Home Depot

Primer Interior Ceiling KILZ® Ceiling Paint With Stain Blocking

Titanium dioxide


Nepheline Syenite



114




Home Depot

Primer Interior Ceiling KILZ® Ceiling Paint With Stain Blocking


Home Depot

Primer Interior Multi-Purpose KILZ® PRO-X™

PX Interior PVA Primer PX010


Polymer

Clay (kaolin)

Silicate, mica

Rutile


Titanium dioxide

Fuller's earth

Home Depot

Paint Interior Multi-Purpose KILZ® PRO-X™

310 Flat Light Base Interior Paint

Nepheline Syenite

Titanium dioxide

Clay (kaolin)


Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer

Amorphous silica

Clay (kaolin)


Silica, amorphous - diatomaceous earth

115




Home Depot

Paint Interior Multi-Purpose Speed-Wall®

Semigloss Interior 1456 Paint

Clay

Titanium dioxide

Vinyl acrylic latex

Texanol

Home Depot


White Eggshell Interior 1452 Latex Paint

Clay


Titanium dioxide

Vinyl acrylic latex

Texanol

Home Depot


White Matte Interior 1251 Matte Latex Paint

Sodium magnesium aluminosilicate

Limestone

Titanium dioxide

Quartz

Vinyl acrylic latex



Amorphous silica

116




Home Depot


Tintable White Matte Interior 1251 Matte Latex Paint


Titanium dioxide

Talc

Quartz

Vinyl acrylic latex Diatomaceous earth,

uncalcined Calcined kaolin clay

Home Depot


Paint primer Zinsser® BIN Sealer Ethanol

Isopropyl alcohol

Home Depot

Paint Interior Mold/ mildew Multi-Purpose

Zinsser® Perma-White

Mold & Mildew Proof Interior Paint

Limestone

Titanium dioxide

Zinc oxide

Home Depot

Primer Exterior Mold/ mildew Multi-Purpose

Zinsser® Perma-White

Mold & Mildew Proof Exterior Paint

Ethylene glycol

Titanium dioxide

Zinc oxide

117




Home Depot

Primer Exterior Multi-Purpose Zinsser® Cover Stain Primer Sealer Stain Killer. Oil Base

Aromatic 100

Limestone

Mineral spirits

Quatrz

Talc

Home Depot

Titanium dioxide

Home Depot


Multi-Purpose Zinsser® Bulls Eye

123 Primer For all Surfaces

Titanium dioxide

Butyl Acetate

Ethylene Glycol

Magnesium Silicate

Zinc Oxide

Ethyl Acrylate

LOWE'S® Adhesive Interior Contact Cement DAP 3 oz. Weldwood®

Gel Formula Aliphatic Petroleum Distillate

Methyl ethyl ketone

Toluene


Non-Flammable Carbamide

Toluene

118





The Original Aliphatic Petroleum Distillate

Methyl ethyl ketone

Toluene

LOWE'S® Adhesive Interior/ Exterior

Contact Adhesive Loctite® Clear Silicone Water Proof Sealant

Acetic acid



Poly(dimethylsiloxane), dimethy



Contact Adhesive Loctite® Stik‘n Seal®

xtreme Conditions

Aminopropy Trimethoxysilane

Methanol

N-3(Trimethoxysilyl) propylethylenediamine

VinylTrimethoxysilane


Contact Adhesive Loctite® Stik‘n Seal® Indoor Adhesiv

No available data

119




LOWE'S® Adhesive Contact Adhesive

Interior/Exterior Loctite® Vinyl, Fabric & Plastic Flexible Adhesive

Methyl ethyl ketone

Toluene

LOWE'S® Adhesive Epoxy Interior/Exterior Amazing GOOP

All Purpose Contact Adhesive Sealant

No available data

LOWE'S® Adhesive Epoxy Interior/Exterior Amazing GOOP

Plumbing No available data

LOWE'S® Adhesive Epoxy Interior/Exterior DAP® BLUESTIK™

BLUESTIK™ Reusable Adhesive Putty

No hazardous substances

LOWE'S® Adhesive Epoxy Interior/Exterior Devcon® 5 Minute Epoxy No available data

LOWE'S® Adhesive Epoxy Interior/Exterior Devcon® 5 Minute® Gel Epoxy

No available data

LOWE'S® Adhesive Epoxy Automotive/Garden/Farm/Marine

J-B® Weld SteelStick No available data

LOWE'S® Adhesive Epoxy Hobbies/Household/Plumbing

J-B® Weld Hardener No available data

LOWE'S® Adhesive Epoxy Interior/Exterior Liquid Nails®

Clear Small Projects Silicone Adhesive

Amorphous silica

Dimethyl(polysiloxane)

Methyltri(2-butanoneoximyl)silane

120





Home Projects Repair Adhesive VOC

Silica

Silicon dioxide

Silyl terminated polyether

Vinyltrimethoxysilane


Small Projects Repair Adhesive

Clay

Formaldehyde

Limestone

Polyvinyl acetate emulsion

Propylene glycol

Quart

Titanium dioxide

Vinyl acetate monome

LOWE'S® Adhesive Epoxy Interior/Exterior Loctite® Heavy-Duty Epoxy


121




LOWE'S® Adhesive Epoxy Interior/ Exterior Loctite® Instant Mix™ 1 Minute

1,5-Diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-5-ene

Epoxy resin

2,2‘-Oxybis(N,N-Dimethyl ethanamine)

Poly alkoxylated hydroxyalkyl thiol

Triethylenetetramine, methyloxirane polymer

LOWE'S® Adhesive Epoxy Interior/ Exterior Loctite® Metal & Concrete Gray Epoxy

Aluminum

Calcium carbonate


Quartz (SiO2)

LOWE'S® Adhesive Epoxy Interior/ Exterior Loctite® Plastic Bonder Ethyl cyanoacrylate

LOWE'S® Adhesive Epoxy Interior/ Exterior Loctite® Threadlocker Blue 242® Removable Clear Nut and Bolt Fastener

Cumene hydroperoxid e

Oleic acid 5.5EO

Polyglycol dimethacrylate

122




LOWE'S® Adhesive Epoxy Interior/ Exterior Loctite® Threadlocker Blue 242® Removable Clear Nut and Bolt Fastener

Propanediol-1,2

Saccharin

Silica, amorphous, fumed, crystal-free

Titanium dioxide

LOWE'S® Adhesive Epoxy Interior/ Exterior Loctite® Threadlocker Red 271™ Permanent Clear Nut and Bolt Fastener

Bisphenol A fumarate resin

Cumene hydroperoxid

Polyglycol dimethacrylate

Saccharin

LOWE'S® Adhesive Epoxy Interior/ Exterior Loctite® Repair Putty Multi-Purpose

Diglycidyl ethers of bisphenol A resins

Glycidyl ethers of bisphenol A resins

Polymeric phenolic amine

Tri (dimethylaminomethyl) phenol

Zinc sulfide

123




LOWE'S® Adhesive Epoxy Interior/Exterior Loctite® WELD™ Bonding Compound

Aluminum silicate

Barium sulfate

Bisphenol A, formaldehyde Epicholorhydrin polymer

Calcium carbonate

Clay

Diethylenetriamine

Epoxy resin

Iron oxide

Polymercaptan


Silica, quart

Titanium dioxide

LOWE'S® Adhesive Polyurethane Interior/Exterior Gorilla™ Glue

Dries White 2x Faster


Toluene

Urethane prepolymer


Dries White Pen Diphenylmethane-diisocyanate

Toluene

Urethane prepolymer

124





Poly Glue No available data


Stronger Faster No available data

LOWE'S® Adhesive Spray Adhesive

Interior/Exterior Loctite® Spray Adhesive General Performance

Acetone

n-Hexane

Propane

n-Butane, containing >= 0,1 % butadiene


Interior/Exterior Loctite® Spray Adhesive High Performance

Acetone

n-Hexane

Pentane

Petroleum gases



Chlorobenzotrifluoride

Cyclohexane

1,1-Difluoroethane

Dimethyl ether

Hexmethyldisiloxane

Methyl acetate

125




LOWE'S®



N-Butyl acetate

Propane

Talc


Interior/Exterior 3M™ Super 77 Multi-Purpose Spray Adhesive

Acetone

Cyclohexane

Hexane


Propane

LOWE'S® Adhesive Wood Glue Interior/ Exterior Titebond® Mold & Trim Oxydipropyl dibenzoate

LOWE'S® Adhesive Wood Glue Interior/ Exterior Titebond® Original Glue I No hazardous substances

LOWE'S® Adhesive Wood Glue Exterior Titebond® Premium Wood Glue II

Aluminum chloride, anhydrous

LOWE'S® Adhesive Wood Glue Interior/ Exterior Titebond® Ultimate Glue III Diethylene glycol monobutyl ether

LOWE'S® Adhesive Wood Glue Interior/ Exterior Elmer's Carpenter's Wood Glue

No hazardous substances

LOWE'S® Adhesive Wood Glue Interior/ Exterior Elmer's Glue All No hazardous substances

126




LOWE'S® Adhesive Wood Glue Interior/Exterior Elmer's Wood Glue Max No Hazardous Substances

LOWE'S® Adhesive Wood Glue Interior/Exterior Gorilla™ Glue

Wood Glue Alcohol Ester Polymer

Aluminum Chloride

LOWE'S® Caulk Interior/ Exterior

Kitchen & Bathroom

3M™ 100% Silicone Kitchen & Bath

Silica


Window & Door 3M™ 100% Silicone Window & Door

Solvent Refined Hydrotreated Middle Distillate

Titanium dioxide



Siloxane and Silicones, Di-Me, Hydroxy-Terminated


Interior/Exterior 3M™ Fire Block FB 136 Versatile

Kaolin

Sodium Silicate

Sodium Hydroxide

Wollastonite

Quartz Silica


Interior/Exterior 3M™ Fire Barrier Sealant CP 25 WB+

Zinc Borate 2335

Polymer

Water

127





Fire Barrier 3M™ Fire Barrier Sealant CP 25 WB+

Sodium Silicate

Ethylhexyldiphenyl Phosphate

Iron oxide

Polyethylene Glycol

Oxide Glass Substances


Door & Window 3M™ Ultra Durable Silicone Door & Window


Silica

Methyltris(2-Butylideneaminooxy)Silane


Kitchen & Bathroom

3M™ Ultra Durable Silicone Kitchen & Bath


Silica

Methyltris(2-Butylideneaminooxy)Silane


Windows & Doors DAP® Alex Plus Windows/ Doors

Silica, Crystaline

Formaldehyde

Ethyl Acrylate

Acetaldehyde

Acrylonitrilie

128





Windows/ Doors DAP® Alex Plus Windows/ Doors

Acrylamide


Windows & Doors DAP® Alex Ultra® 230 Window & Door

Formaldehyde

Silica, Crystalline

Titanium dioxide


Concrete DAP® Concrete Watertight Filler and Sealant

Silica, Crystalline

Titanium dioxide

Ethylene Glycol

LOWE'S® Caulk Interior /Exterior

Roof DAP® Roof Watertight Asphalt Filler & Sealant

Asphalt

Magnetite

Hydrous Aluminum Silicate


Window/ Door DAP® 3.0

Advanced All-Purpose Sealant All Weather Window/Door

Titanium dioxide


LOWE'S® Caulk Exterior Roof DAP® 3.0 Advanced Blacktop & Roof Sealant

Asphalt


Kitchen/ Bathroom

DAP® 3.0 Advanced Sealant Kitchen & Bath

Calcium Carbonate

129





Kitchen/ Bathroom

DAP® 3.0 Advanced Sealant Kitchen & Bath

Limestone

Titanium dioxide


Gutter & Flash DAP® 3.0 Advanced Gutter & Flash Sealant

Proprietary Phthalate Ester

Titanium dioxide


LOWE'S® Caulk Exterior Concrete DAP® 3.0 Advanced Self-Leveling Concrete Sealant

Limestone


Silica, crystalline


Painting & Trim DuPont™ AIRTITE® Siliconized Acrylic Caulk with Weather-Tight Seal technology

Acrylic Polymer

Ethylene Glycol

Limestone

Mineral Spirits

Titanium Dioxide

Water

White Mineral Oil

130





Interior/ Exterior GE® groov Exterior/Interior

Distillates (Petroleum), Hydrotreated Middle

Limestone

Stearic Acid

Titanium Dioxide



Kitchen & Bathroom

GE® groov Kitchen & Bathroom

Distillates (Petroleum), Hydrotreated Middle

Limestone

Stearic Acid

Titanium Dioxide



Window & Door GE® Silicone I Window & Door

Dimethylpolysiloxane

Distillates, Petroleum,Hydrotreated,


Titanium Dioxide


Kitchen & Bathroom

GE® Silicone II 1 hour Shower-Ready

Dimethylpolymers w/Methylsilsesquioxane

dimethylpolysiloxane



131





Kitchen & Bathroom

GE® Silicone II Kitchen and Bath




LOWE'S® Caulk Interior Window, Door, Attic, Basement, Trim Int/Ext

GE® Silicone II Premium Waterproof Window Door Attic Basement Trim


Hexamethyldislazane


polydimethylsiloxane


Window & Door GE® Silicone II Window & Door

Distilates, petroleum, hydrotreated



polydimethylsiloxane

Methoxypolydimethylsiloxane

132




LOWE'S® Caulk Exterior Concrete Loctite ® PL® Polyurethane Self Leveling Concrete Crack Sealant

Titanium dioxide



LOWE'S® Caulk Exterior Concrete and Masonry

Loctite ® PL® Polyurethane Self Leveling Concrete Crack & Masonry Sealant

Calcium Dioxide

Titanium dioxide


Quartz (SiO2)

LOWE'S® Caulk Interior/Exterior

Painting & Trim Loctite ® Polyseamseal All Purpose Painting and Trip

Calcium Dioxide

Limestone

Methyl Oleate

Propylidynetrimethyl Trimethacrylate

Stoddard Solvent

Talc

133





Painting & Trim Loctite ® Polyseamseal All Purpose Painting and Trip


LOWE'S® Caulk Exterior Blacktop & Roof Loctite ® PL® Polyurethane Blacktop & Roof

Calcium Dioxide

Carbon Black

Limestone

Propylidynetrimethyl Trimethacrylate

Quartz (SiO2)

Stoddard Solvent

Titanium dioxide

LOWE'S® Caulk Interior Tube & Tile Loctite ® Polyseamseal® Tub & Tile Ultra

Titanium dioxide

ethylene glycol


Window, Door & Siding

Loctite ® PL® PolyurethaneWindow, Door & Siding

Titanium dioxide

Stoddard Solvent

Silica, Quartz



OSI® QUAD® Advanced Formula Sealant Window, Door & Siding

Chloro, Fluoro Solven

134






OSI® QUAD® Advanced

Light Petroleum Distillates

Titanium dioxide

Toluene

LOWE'S® Caulk Exterior Anchors Sika Fast Set Anchoring Adhesives

Benxoyl Peroxide

Methacylate Ester


Anchors SikaBond® Universal No available data


Painting & Trim White Lightning®

3006 Quick Dry All Purpose Painting & Trim

Amorphous Silica

Di(Ethylmethyketoxime) Methoxymethylsilane

Methyl Ethyl Ketoxime

Methyl Tris (Methylethylketoxime) Silane


LOWE'S® Paint Interior Spray Adhesive Primer

KILZ® Original

Primer Blocks Heavy Interior Stains

Acetone


Isobutne

n-butane

135




LOWE'S® Paint Spray Adhesive

Spray Adhesive KILZ® Original

Primer Blocks Heavy Stains


Propane

Silicate, mica

Rutile


Titanium dioxide

LOWE'S® Paint Interior Spray Adhesive KILZ® Original

Primer Sealer Stainblocker

Acetone


Isobutene

n-butane


Propane

Silicate, mica

Rutile


Titanium dioxide

LOWE'S® Paint Interior Ceiling Paint Olympic® Premium Ceiling Paint Latex. Zero VOC

Diatomaceous Earth

Kaolin

Quatrz (SiO2)

Silicon Dioxide

Titanium Dioxide

136




LOWE'S® Paint Interior Ceiling Valspar® Ultra Premium Interior Ceiling Paint.

No available data

LOWE'S® Paint Interior Ceiling Valspar® Ultra Premium Interior Ceiling Paint. Paints on purple-dries white

No available data

LOWE'S® Paint Interior Ceiling Valspar® Ultra Premium Interior Finish

No available data

LOWE'S® Paint Interior Ceiling Zinsser® Ceiling Paint & Primer in One

Ethylene Glycol

LOWE'S® Paint Interior/ Exterior

Concrete Paint Seal-Krete Epoxy-Seal™ Concrete & Garage Floor Paint

Dipropylene Glycol Mono-n-propyl Ether

LOWE'S® Paint Exterior Contractor Paint Olympic® Premium Exterior Latex Paint 100% acrylic

Diatomaceous Earth

LOWE'S® Paint Interior Contractor Paint Valspar® +™

Asthma & Allergy Friendly

No available data

LOWE'S® Paint Interior Contractor Paint Valspar® Contractor Finishes 2000 Series Latex Paint

No available data

LOWE'S® Paint Exterior Contractor Paint Valspar® Duramax® No available data

137




LOWE'S® Paint Exterior Contractor Paint Valspar Duramax® Elastrometric Exterior Masonry, Stucco, and Brick

No available data

LOWE'S® Paint Exterior Contractor Paint Valspar® Masonry, Stucco & Brick 100% Acrylic Latex

No available data

LOWE'S® Paint Exterior Contractor Paint Valspar® Severe Weather Latec Paint

No available data

LOWE'S® Paint Exterior Contractor Paint Valspar® Ultra Premium 100% Acrylic Latex

No available data


Gloss Sealer Seal-Krete Gloss Sealer Premium Hi-Gloss Finish



Floor Primer Seal-Krete Lock-Down™ Epoxy Bonding Floor Primer



Floor Sealer Seal-Krete Showroom Premium Hi-Gloss Sealer


LOWE'S® Paint Interior Paint Olympic® Fast Hide® Interior Latex

Diatomaceous Earth

Kaolin

Limestone

138




LOWE'S® Paint Interior Walls Olympic® Fast Hide® Interior Latex

Quartz (SiO2)

Titanium Dioxide


Walls Olympic® Fast Hide® Ultra Interior/Exterior Alkyd

1,2,4 Trimethylbenene

2 butanone oxime

Limestone

Naphtha ( Petroleum) Heavy Alkylate

Naphtha ( Petroleum) Hydrotreated Heavy

Nepheline Syenite

Quatrz (SiO2)

Titanium Dioxide

Stoddarty Solvent

LOWE'S® Paint Interior Walls Olympic® Premium Interior Latex

Cristobalite

Kieselguhr, Soda Ash Flux- Calcinaded

Nepheline Syenite

Titanium Dioxide

LOWE'S® Paint Interior Kitchen & Bathroom

Olympic® Premium kicthen & Bath

Titanium Dioxide

Pyrithione Zinc

139




LOWE'S® Paint Exterior Mold/ Mildew Multi-Purpose

Zinsser® Perma-White® Mold & Mildew-Proof Exterior Paint

Octhilinone

LOWE'S® Paint Interior Walls Valspar® Signature Colors® Interior

No available data

LOWE'S® Paint Interior/Exterior

Waterproofing Paint

Zinsser® Watertite Mold & Mildew-Proof Waterproofing Pint for Concrete and Masonry

Limestone

Pyrithione Zinc

Quatrz (SiO2)

Silicon Dioxide

LOWE'S® Primer Interior Paint primer KILZ® Odorless

Heavy Stainblocking Without Linguering Odor Oil Base

Acrylic polymer

Coalescing aid

Hydrotreated heavy petroleum naphtha

Limestone

Nepheline Syenite

Resin

Titanium dioxide

140




LOWE'S® Primer Interior Paint primer KILZ® Original

Primer Blocks Heavy Interior Stains Oil Base



Nepheline Syenite

Nonanes


Silicate, mica

Rutile


Titanium dioxide

LOWE'S® Primer Interior/Exterior

Multi-Purpose paint primer

KILZ 2® Latex

Multi-Purpose Stain Blocker Water Base Primer

Ethylene glycol

Limestone

Nepheline Syenite

Styrene resin

Titanium dioxide


Paint primer KILZ® Premium

Blocks Heavy Stains for Fewer Top Coats Primer

Ethylene glycol

Nepheline Syenite

141




LOWE'S® Primer Interior/ Exterior

Paint primer KILZ® Premium

Blocks Heavy Stains for Fewer Top Coats Primer


Titanium dioxide

LOWE'S® Primer Interior Paint primer Olympic® Interior Latex Primer Low Odor

Kaolin

Titanium Dioxide

LOWE'S® Primer Interior Paint primer Olympic® Interior Latex Solving Primer

Aluminum Hydroxide

Kaolin

Limestone

Nepheline Syenite

Palygorskite

Quartz (SiO2)

Silicon Dioxide

Titanium Dioxide

LOWE'S® Primer Interior Paint primer Olympic® Fast Hide

Interior Latex PVA Primer

kaolin

Titanium Dioxide


Paint primer Valspar® Bonding Primer. Enamel Undercoater

No available data


Paint primer Valspar® High Hiding Primer. Latex

No available data


House/ trim Valspar® House & Trim Primer. Oil

No available data


House/ trimr Valspar® House & Trim Primer. Latex

No available data

142




LOWE'S® Primer Interior Multi-Purpose Paint primer

Valspar® Multi-Purpose Primer. Latex

No available data

LOWE'S® Primer Interior Interior Valspar® PVA Primer No available data


Paint primer Valspar® Tintable Color Primer. Latex

No available data

LOWE'S® Primer Interior Paint primer Valspar® Sprywall Primer. Latex

No available data

LOWE'S® Primer Interior/Spor Exterior

Paint primer Zinsser® B.I.N® Primer Shellac Base

Quatrz (SiO2)


Paint primer Zinsser® Bulls Eye®

1.2.3 Plus Primer for all Surfaces Water-Base Primer

Titanium Dioxide


Paint primer Zinsser® Bulls Eye®

Bulls Eye® 1.2.3 Primer for all Surfaces

Zinc Oxide

LOWE'S® Primer Interior Paint primer Zinsser® Bulls Eye®

Bulls Eye® Water Base Primer & Sealer

No available data


Paint primer Zinsser® Cover Stain®

Cover Stain® Primer Oil Base

Kaolin

WAL-MART®

Adhesives Interior Contact Adhesive Loctite® Indoor Adhesive No hazardous Substances

143




WAL-MART®

Adhesives Contact Cement

Wood DAP® Weldwood®

Contact Cement Acetone

Aliphatic Petroleum Distillate

N-Hexane

Toluene

WAL-MART®

Adhesives Epoxy Multi-Purpose Loctite® Instant Mix 1 minute Hardener

1,5-Diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-5-ene

2,2‘-Oxybis(N,N-Dimethyl ethanamine)

Poly alkoxylated hydroxyalkyl thiol

Triethylenetetramine, methyloxirane polymer

WAL-MART®

Adhesives Epoxy Multi-Purpose Loctite® Instant Mix 1 minute Resin

Epoxy Resin

WAL-MART®

Adhesives Epoxy Multi-Purpose Loctite® Plastics Methyl methacrylate

Polyethylene based rubber

Hydroxyalkyl methacrylate

Methacrylic acid

Benzenecarboperoxoic acid, 1,1-dimethylethyl ester

Talc

144




WAL-MART®

Adhesives Epoxy Multi-Purpose Loctite® Weld Hardener Calcium carbonate

Polymercaptan

Barium sulfate

Aluminum silicate

Diethylenetriamine

Titanium dioxide

WAL-MART®

Adhesives Epoxy Multi-Purpose Loctite® Weld Resin Epoxy resin

Barium sulfate

Calcium carbonate

Iron oxide


Bisphenol A, formaldehye, Epicholorhydrin polymer

Clay

Silica, quartz

WAL-MART®


Aerosol 3M™ Purpose 45 Propane

2-methylpentane

Acetone

Cyclohexane

145




WAL-MART®


Aerosol 3M™ Purpose 45 2,3- dimethylbutane

3-methylpentane

2,2-dimethylbutane

Hexane

WAL-MART®


Aerosol 3M™ Super 77 Multi-Purpose Adhesive

Acetone

Cyclohexane

Hexane


Propane

WAL-MART®

Adhesives Super Glue Multi-Purpose Instant Krazy

Color Change Formula

Ethyl cyanoacrylate

Amorphous silica fume

WAL-MART®

Adhesives Super Glue Multi-Purpose Loctite® Gel Control™ Ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate

Treated fumed silica

WAL-MART®

Adhesives Super Glue Multi-Purpose Instant Krazy

Gel Pen No hazardous Substances

WAL-MART®

Adhesives Super Glue Multi-Purpose Loctite® Liquid Ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate

WAL-MART®

Adhesives Super Glue Multi-Purpose Loctite® Longneck Ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate

WAL-MART®

Adhesives Super Glue Multi-Purpose Loctite® Ultra Gel Control™

Ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate

146




WAL-MART®

Adhesives Wood Glue Multi-Purpose Gorilla® Dries White 2x Faster


WAL-MART®

Adhesives Wood Glue Interior/Exterior Elmer‘s® Glue All Max Chlorobenzene

Methylene Bisphenyl Isocyanate

Polymethylene Polyphenyl Isocyanate

WAL-MART®

Adhesives Wood Glue Interior/Exterior Elmer‘s® Multi-Purpose Spray Adhesive

Acetone

Propane

Isobutene

2-Methylpentane

Pentane

Dimethyl Ether

WAL-MART®

Adhesives Wood Glue Interior/Exterior Elmer‘s® Wood Glue Max No hazardous Substances

WAL-MART®

Caulk Interior Kitchen/Bath DAP® Kwik n Seal™

Kitchen and Bath Water Proof Clear

Limestone


Petroleum Distillates

titanium Dioxide

Texacol

Ethylene Glycol

Silica, Crystalline

Styrene

147




WAL-MART®

Caulk Interior Kitchen/ Bath DAP® Kwik n Seal™

Kitchen and Bath Water Proof Clear

Formaldehyde

WAL-MART®


Window/ Door DAP® Alex Plus®

Alex Plus Window/Door

Calicium Carbonate

Ester Branched Linear

Titanium Dioxide

Carbon Black

Silica, Crystalline

Ethylene Glycol

Ammonia

FORMALDEHYDE

Ethyl Acrylate

Acetaldehyde

Acrylonitrile

WAL-MART®


Kitchen/ Bath GE® Kitchen & Bath Hexamethyldisilazane


Distillates, Petroleum Hydrotreated,

WAL-MART®


Window/ Door GE® Silicone II Premium Waterproof Windw Door Attic Basement Trim


148




WAL-MART®


Masonry Great Stuff Gap Filler No available data

WAL-MART®


Masonry Great Stuff Gaps and Crack No available data

WAL-MART®


Masonry Great Stuff Fire Block No available data

WAL-MART®


Multi-Purpose Color Place Great All Purpose Silicone Sealant

No available data

WAL-MART®


Multi-Purpose Color Place White Latex Caulk

No available data

WAL-MART®


Multi-Purpose Liquid Nails®

Clear Seal Ethylbenzene

Toluene

Xylene


Thermoplastic rubber

Thermoplastic rubber

Polyalicyclic resin

Mineral oil

Polybutene

Thermoplastic resin

149




WAL-MART®

Caulk Concrete Concrete Liquid nails® Concrete repair Acrylic resin

Ethylene glycol

Limestone

Titanium dioxide

Quartz

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate

Mineral oil

WAL-MART®

Caulk Interior Multi-purpose Liquid nails® Heavy duty Cyclohexane

Limestone

Clay

Titanium dioxide

Heptane


Quartz

Styrene-butadiene polymer

Heptane, branched, cyclic and linear


Resin

Hydrotreated light distillate

150




WAL-MART®

Caulk Interior Multi-purpose Liquid nails® Heavy duty Styrene-butadiene polymer

WAL-MART®



Home Projects Silicon dioxide



Silica


WAL-MART®

Caulk Interior Multi-Purpose Liquid Nails®

Internal Projects Acrylic resin

Ethylene glycol

Limestone

Clay

Titanium dioxide


Quartz

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate

WAL-MART®

Caulk Interior Multi-Purpose Liquid Nails®

Ultra Quick Grip Acrylic copolymer

Limestone

Quartz

Acrylic latex

Formaldehyde

Propylene glycol

151




WAL-MART®

Caulk Exterior Roof Liquid Nails®

Roof Repair Amidoamine

Limestone

Medium aliphatic solvent naphtha

Asphalt

Cellulose WAL-MART®



Small Projects Polyvinyl acetate emulsion

Vinyl acetate monomer

Limestone

Kaolin

Titanium dioxide

Quartz

Formaldehyde WAL-MART®

Caulk Exterior Multi-Purpose Loctite® Construction Adhesive

Quartz (sio2)

WAL-MART®

Paint Interior Ceiling Glidden Regular

Ceiling Paint Titanium dioxide

Talc

Quartz

Vinyl acrylic latex


Calcined kaolin clay WAL-MART®


Multi-Purpose Better Homes

Interior/Exterior Premium Paint

No available data

152




WAL-MART®

Paint Interior Multi-Purpose Better Homes

Interior Paint No available data

WAL-MART®

Paint Exterior Multi-Purpose ColorPlace Exterior Quartz

Cristobalite

Titanium dioxide

Zinc oxide

WAL-MART®

Paint Interior Multi-Purpose ColorPlace Interior Crystalline silica

Ethylene glycol

Clay

WAL-MART®


Multi-Purpose Glidden Exterior Brilliance Collection

2 n 1 Paint + Primer

Zinc oxide

Titanium dioxide





Silica, diatomaceous earth

WAL-MART®


Multi-Purpose KILZ® Clean Start


Styrene resin

Rutile

Titanium dioxide

153




WAL-MART®


Paint primer KILZ® Clean Start


Nepheline syenite

Silicate, mica WAL-MART®

Primer Interior Aerosol KILZ® Original

Stainblocking Primer. Oil Base

Titanium dioxide

Aliphatic hydrocarbon

Nonanes

Rutile

Silicate, mica



Acetone

Propane

Isobutene

N-butane WAL-MART®


Multi-Purpose KILZ2® Latex

Latex Primer. Water Base

Ethylene glycol

Titanium dioxide

Limestone

Nepheline syenite

Styrene resin

WAL-MART®

Primer Interior Multi-Purpose KILZ® General Purpose


Amorphous silica

Titanium dioxide

Rutile

Ethylene glycol

Silicate, mica

154




WAL-MART®

Primer Interior Paint primer KILZ® General Purpose


Limestone


WAL-MART®

Primer Exterior Paint primer KILZ® General Purpose


Styrene resin


Titanium dioxide

Nepheline syenite

Ethylene glycol

WAL-MART®



Paint. Oil based Nepheline syenite

Silicate, mica

Rutile


Aliphatic hydrocarbon

Titanium dioxide

Nonanes



WAL-MART®

Primer Interior Ceiling KILZ® Ceiling Paint Stain Blocking

Titanium dioxide


Nepheline syenite

155




WAL-MART®

Primer Interior Ceiling KILZ® Ceiling Paint Stain Blocking




WAL-MART®


Multi-Purpose paint primer

Zinsser® Bulls Eye

123 Primer For all Surfaces

Titanium dioxide

Butyl Acetate

Ethylene Glycol

Magnesium Silicate

Zinc Oxide

Ethyl Acrylate

156

LIST OF REFERENCES

AJPH. "Policy Statement Adopted by the Governing Council of the Americal Public

Health Association." The American Journal of Public Health, 1984: 305.

Baram, Michael S. LLB. "The Right to Know and the Duty to Disclose Hazardous

Information." Public Health and the Law, 1984: 385.

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http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/about.html (accessed June 29, 2011).

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Occupational Safety and Health. June 08, 2011.

http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/about.html (accessed June 29, 2011).

CDC. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. June 29, 2011.

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CII. "Construction Industry Institure." RS7-1 — Costs and Benefits of Materials Management Systems . 2010. https://www.construction-institute.org/scriptcontent/more/7_1_more.cfm (accessed November 9, 2010).

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Dong, Xiuwen, Yurong Men, and Alisa Fujimoto. "OSHA's Enforcement of Construction Safety and Health Regulations." In The Construction Handbook, Fouth Edition, by Xiuwen Dong, Yurong Men and Alisa Fujimoto, 47. Silver Spring: EEI Communications, 2008.

Dong, Xiuwen, Yurong Men, and Alissa Fujimoto. "Limitations and Observations of the Data." In The Construction Chart Book, Fourth Edition, by Xiuwen Dong, Yurong Men and Alissa Fujimoto, xvi. Silver Spring: EEI Communications, 2007.

Dong, Xiuwen, Yurong Men, and Allisa Fujimoto. "Health Risk Factors and Chronic Illnesses Among Construction Workers." In The Construction Handbook, Fourth Edition, by Xiuwen Dong, Yurong Men and Allisa Fujimoto, 46. Silver Spring: EEI Communication, 2008.

EHS. Environmental, Health and Safety Online . 2011.

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EPA. United States Environmental Protection Agency. June 28, 2011.

http://www.epa.gov/aboutepa/history/index.html (accessed June 29, 2011).

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—. United States Environmental Protection Agency. June 08, 2011.

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2011).

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2011).

Hardesty, Charles, and Michael L. Marshall. "100 Most Cited Construction Standards and Their Relative Ranking to 1991." In The 100 most Frequently Cited OSHA Construction Standards in 1991: A Guide for the Abatement of the Top 25 Associated Physical Hazards, by Charles Hardesty and Michael L. Marshall, 7. Washington: The U.S. Government Printing Office, 1993.

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IARC. International Agency for Research on Cancer. 2011.

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NPS. "National Park Service." Conserve O Gram. Hazardous Materials Health and

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http://www.nps.gov/museum/publications/conserveogram/02-01.pdf (accessed

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http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/INDEX9A33.HTM?objectid=7201637B-BDB7-CEBA-

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158

—. The United States Department of Labor. 2011.

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—. United States Department of Labor. 2011. http://www.ehso.com/msdssites.php?URL=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.osha.gov%2Fpls%2Foshaweb%2Fowadisp.show_document%3Fp_table%3DSTANDARDS%26p_id%3D10099 (accessed June 30, 2011).

OSHA. "United Stated Department of Labor." Occupational Safety and Health

Guidelines. 2010. http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/healthguidelines/index.html (accessed October 12, 2010).

OSHA. "United States Department of Labor." Occupational Health & Safety Administration of Hexane. 2010. http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/healthguidelines/n-hexane/recognition.html (accessed October 9, 2010).

OSHA. "United States Department of Health." RS7-1 — Costs and Benefits of Materials Management Systems. 2010. https://www.construction-institute.org/scriptcontent/more/7_1_more.cfm (accessed October 13, 2010).

US DOL. United States Departmen of Labor. 2011. http://www.osha.gov/dsg/topics/safetyhealth/standards.html (accessed June 29, 2011).

—. "United States Department of Labor. Hazard Communication Standard." Occupational Safety Hazard and Health Administration. 2011. http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=INTERPRETATIONS&p_id=19849 (accessed July 17, 2011).

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159

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH

Born and raised in the south west of Colombia, and having family residing in

Miami, Florida, the researcher was able to learn English as a second language. In 2004

he graduated from high school and months later moved to Gainesville, Florida to get his

associate‘s degree from Santa Fe Community College, now called Santa Fe College.

After two years of attending this college, the researcher was accepted into the

undergraduate college of Design, Construction and Planning at the University of Florida.

Four years later, in 2010 he graduated with a bachelor‘s of design from the architecture

school at UF. With the submittal of this thesis, the author is completing a master‘s

degree at the University of Florida‘s M.E. Rinker, Sr., School of Building Construction.

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