Hazardous Chemicals Awareness Level
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Transcript of Hazardous Chemicals Awareness Level
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Hazardous ChemicalsAwareness Level
Wes Adams
Asheville-Buncombe TechnicalCommunity College
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HAZMAT Awareness Topics to be covered:
1. MSDS Sheets
2. NFPA System
3. UN Identification Number
4. Emergency Response Guidebook
5. Factors Affecting the Rate of Reaction6. The DOT Hazardous Materials Classes along
with the particular hazards of each class.
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MSDS Sheets An Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) is
a technical bulletin containing detailed
information about a hazardous substance. OSHA requires that manufacturers prepare an
MSDS for each chemical that it sells.
The MSDS contains more extensive
information than is conveyed on the label. The MSDS must accompany each chemical it
ships the first time that the chemical isshipped to that recipient.
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MSDS Sheets The following minimum information must be
provided in the MSDS:
1. The identity of the product as used on thecontainer label.
2. The chemical and common name for allingredients present in concentrations
greater than 1% and 0.1% for a cancercausing substance (carcinogen).
3. The physical and chemical properties of thehazardous components.
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MSDS Sheets4. The physical and health hazards, including
signs and symptoms of exposure and/or
prior and/or existing conditions that canwarn against exposure.
5. Primary routes of entry into the body.
6. Any known exposure limits.
7. Whether the hazardous substance is acarcinogen.
8. Precautions for safe handling and use.
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MSDS Sheets9. Procedure for spill or leak cleanup.
10. Control measures
11. Emergency first-aid procedures.
12. The date of preparation
13. The name, address, and telephone number
of the company or responsible employee
distributing the MSDS.
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NFPA System The National Fire Protection Association
(NFPA) recommends certain markings for use
on storage tanks, exterior building walls,pipelines and other relevant locations.
This procedure for identifying potentialhazards associate with a chemical is called
the NFPA 704 system.
NFPA ratings can be found on the MSDSsheet.
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NFPA System The NFPA system uses a diamond with color
coded:
1. Blue is for the health hazard.2. Red is for the flammability hazard.
3. Yellow is for the reactivity hazard.
4. White is for special hazards.
A number is placed in each section rangingfrom 0-4. A 0 means no hazard and a 4means an extreme hazard.
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NFPA System The following seven symbols are employed in the white
section of an NFPA diamond:
1. A radiation hazard symbol is a three bladed propeller.
2. The letter W with a line trough it is a caution againstapplying water.
3. The letters OXY indicate that the material is an oxidizer.
4. The letter P indicates there is a potential for the material tounder go auto-polymerization.
5. The Word ACID indicate that the material is an acid.
6. The letters ALK indicate that the material is an alkali (base).
7. The letters COR indicate that the material is corrosive.
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NFPA System4 = Severe
3 = Serious
2 = Moderate
1 = Slight
0 = None
4
1
2
P
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Identification Number UN or NA preceding a number indicates the
identity of the chemical.
UN indicates internationally transportedchemicals while NA refers to those onlytransported in the US and Canada.
In addition to these placards the UN numbermay also be inset into the appropriateplacard.
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Emergency Response
Guidebook
Also Availableon the Web
http://hazmat.dot.gov/gydebook.htm -
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Emergency Response
Guidebook After obtaining the identification
number consult the North American
Emergency Response Guide Book:1. The yellow pages list the materials in
numerical order by UN ID number.
2. The blue pages list the materials inalphabetical order.
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Emergency Response
Guidebook The orange bordered pages list 172
individual guide numbers listing
emergency response actions forparticular materials.
The green bordered pages give initial
isolation and protective distances forthe highlighted entries in the yellow andblue sections.
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Factors Affecting the Rate of
Reaction There are 5 important factors which affect
rates of reactions:
Nature of the Material
Reactant Concentration
Temperature
Action of Catalysts Surface Area
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Factors Affecting the Rate ofReaction
Nature of the Material includes the chemicalcomposition of the substance and the physical state
in which it exists. For example white phosphorous ignites
spontaneously in air while wood requires an ignitionsource and water will not burn.
Generally reaction occurs fastest in the gas phase,the second fastest in the liquid phase, and muchmore slowly in the solid phase.
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Factors Affecting the Rate ofReaction
Reactions in general go more quickly athigher concentrations.
For example flammable materials burn muchmore quickly at high oxygen concentrations.
Since air is 78% nitrogen and 21% oxygen by
volume, nitrogen serves to lower the oxygenconcentration and reduce the rate ofcombustion.
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Factors Affecting the Rate ofReaction
As a general rule the rate of the reactionincreases as the temperature increases.
For example food spoils when notrefrigerated.
As a general rule the rate of a chemical
reaction doubles for every rise of 18oF(10oC).
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Factors Affecting the Rate ofReaction
Reactions also proceed more quickly in thepresence of a catalyst.
Catalysts speed up a reaction without being usedup in the reaction.
This is usually done by lowering the activationenergy which is the energy required to initiate a
chemical reaction. The combustion of hydrogen and oxygen will not
occur without a spark unless a piece of platinum isadded and then they explode violently.
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Factors Affecting the Rate ofReaction
MnO2 causes theCatalytic
Decomposition ofH
2O
2to liberate
oxygen which willincrease the
combustion rate.
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Factors Affecting the Rate ofReaction
Generally reactions occur more quickly with
a greater surface area. For example a flammable liquid will burn
more quickly in a container that will allow itto assume the largest surface area.
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Factors Affecting the Rate ofReaction
Burning Licompodium Powder
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Hazard ClassClass Label Class Label
1.1 Explosive 1.1 4.2 Spontaneously Combustible
1.2 Explosive 1.2 4.3 Dangerous When Wet
1.3 Explosive 1.3 5.1 Oxidizer
1.4 Explosive 1.4 5.2 Organic Peroxide
1.5 Explosive 1.5 6.1 Poison
1.6 Explosive 1.6 6.2 Infectious Substance
2.1 Flammable Gas 7 Radioactive White-I
2.2 Non-Flammable Gas 7 Radioactive Yellow-II
2.3 Poison Gas 7 Radioactive Yellow-III
3 Flammable Liquid 7 Empty
Combustible Liquid (none) 8 Corrosive
4.1 Flammable Solid 9 Class 9
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Class 1: Explosives
There are two general types of explosivematerials:
1. Chemical explosives detonate as a result of theapplication of friction, mechanical impact, or heat;usually used for demolition and other destructiveacts.
It is distinguished from gasoline and flammablegases which will seem to explode when ignited.
They are also distinguishable from nuclearexplosives, which detonate by nuclear
phenomena.
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Class 1: Explosives
Some Explosive Articles (49 CFR 173.59)
Ammunition Flash Powder Smokeless
Powder
Sounding
DevicesBlack Powder Fuse Primer Torpedoes
Bombs Fuze (Ammo) Projectiles Warheads
Charges Igniters Propellants
Fireworks Mines Rocket Motors
Flares Powder cake Signals
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Class 1: Explosives
The rapidly expanding gases often exceeds thespeed of sound and cause shock waves.
These shock waves are associated with theexplosives shattering power called its brisance.
The brisance is an important factor in choosing thecorrect explosive for a particular use, like clearing
rock for a road. Sometimes so-called chemical explosives are a
mixture of substances that appear to detonatewhich includes gunpowder and some blasting
agents.
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Class 1: Explosives
Nitrogen Triiodide is anexplosive.
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Class 2: Gases
A division 2.1 (flammable) gas is anymaterial that is a gas at 68oF or less and
14.7 psi of pressure and is one of thefollowing:
1. Ignitable at 14.7 psi when in a mixture of13% or less by volume with air.
2. Possesses a flammable range at 14.7 psi ofat least 12% regardless of the lower limit.
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Class 2
A Bunsen Burner Flame is fueled by Naturalgas. Different Metals in the flame will changethe flame from blue to different colors. This
also works for liquids.
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Class 2: Gases
A division 2.2 (non-flammable) gas isany material or mixture that does one
of the following:1. Exerts in its packaging an absolute
pressure of 41 psi or greater at 68oF.
2. Does not meet the definition ofdivision 2.1 or 2.3
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Class 2: Gases
A small amount of water is placed into acan and heated when rapidly cooled thewater vapor condenses leaving a vacuumwhich allows the air pressure to crush thecan.
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Class 2: Gases
A division 2.3 (poison by inhalation) gas is amaterial that is a gas at 68oF or less at 14.7
psi and is one of the following:1. Known to be so toxic to humans as to pose
a health hazard during transportation.
2. In absence of data on human toxicity, istoxic to laboratory animals and has and LC50(lethal concentration 50% of the time) lessthan 5000 mL/m3.
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Class 2: Gases
Some examples of toxic gases are:
Carbon Monoxide
Hydrogen cyanide
Sulfur dioxide
Hydrogen Sulfide Nitrogen Dioxide
Anhydrous Ammonia
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Class 2: Gases
Copper and Nitric Acidgenerate Nitrogen Dioxide
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Class 3: Flammable Liquids
The DOT defines a flammable liquid as either ofthe following:
1. Any liquid having a flash point not more than141oF.
2. Any liquid with a flash point at or above 100oFthat is intentionally heated and offered fortransportation or transported at or above itsflash point within bulk packaging.
A combustible liquid has a flash point above
141oF and below 200oF
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Class 3: Flammable Liquids
Burning Methanol
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Class 3: Flammable Liquids
Large amounts of compressed gases or liquefiedgases are transported in large tanks pulled behindthe vehicle or as its own separate rail car.
Such a tank exposed to direct flames will rupture.
If a liquefied gas is flammable a Boiling LiquidExpanding Vapor Explosion (BLEVE) can occur.
A BLEVE occurs when a released liquid is rapidlyheated to temperature above its boiling point.
Some BLEVEs have resulted in fireballs with radiiof 900 ft.
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Class 3: Flammable Liquids
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Class 4: Flammable Solids
The DOT defines a flammable solid as anyof the following:
1.
Any of several wetted explosives2. Any of several self-reactive materials that
are thermally unstable and can undergo astrongly exothermic (gives off heat)
decomposition even without theparticipation of atmospheric oxygen
3. A readily combustible solid.
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Class 4: Flammable Solids
Burning Magnesium in thepresence of Carbon dioxide.
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Class 4: Flammable Solids
The DOT defines a spontaneouslycombustible material as either of thefollowing:
1. Apyrophoric material is a liquid or solid thateven in small quantities and withoutexternal ignition source can ignite withinfive minutes after coming in contact withair.
2. Aself-heating material is a material thatwhen in contact with air and without anenergy supply is liable to self heat.
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Class 4: Flammable Solids
Phosphorus in Air
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Class 4: Flammable Solids
The DOT defines a dangerous when wetmaterial as a material that, by interaction
with water, is likely to becomespontaneously flammable or to release aflammable or toxic gas or vapor at a rategreater than 28 in3/lb (1 L/kg) per hour.
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Class 4: Flammable Solids
Calcium Carbide and Waterliberate flammable acetylene
gas.
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Class 4: Flammable Solids
Release H2 from water Release H2 from acids No release of H2
Cesium Aluminum (steam) Bismuth
Lithium Manganese (steam) Copper
Rubidium Zinc (steam) Mercury
Potassium Chromium (steam) Silver
Barium Iron (steam) PlatinumSodium Nickel Gold
Calcium Tin
Magnesium Lead
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Class 5: Oxidizers and OrganicPeroxides
The DOT defines two classes of oxidizers:
1. An oxidizer (division 5.1) is a material
that can cause or enhance thecombustion of materials, generally byyielding oxygen.
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Class 5: Oxidizers and OrganicPeroxides
PotassiumChlorate and
Gummy Bear
Ammonium NitrateZinc and Water
Copper Silver
Redox
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Class 5: Oxidizers and OrganicPeroxides
An organic peroxide (division 5.2) is anorganic compound containing oxygen in
the bivalentOO structure. Organic peroxide formation is especially
susceptible in some ethers especially:
diglyme, diethyl ether, dioxane, glyme,isopropyl ether, tetrohydrofuran.
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Class 5: Oxidizers and OrganicPeroxides
Test for organic peroxides at theneck of old ether bottles beforeopening.
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Class 6: Poisonous andInfectious Materials
The DOT defines poisonous and infectious materials asfollows:
1. A poisonous material is a material other than a gas that
is known to be toxic to humans to present a hazardduring transport or:
a. Is presumed to be toxic because of data obtained fromtests performed on animals.
b.
Is an irritating material with properties similar to tear gasand causes extreme irritation, especially within confinedspaces.
Examples include cyanide containing salts, asbestos, andpesticides.
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Class 6: Poisonous andInfectious Materials
2. An infectious material is a viable micro organismor its toxin that causes or can cause disease in
humans or animals. Potentially infectious substances include:
Blood and blood products
Saliva, vomit, urine
Semen or vaginal secretions
Skin, tissue, cell cultures
Other body fluids (particularly if blood is visible).
l d
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Class 6: Poisonous andInfectious Materials
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Class 7: Radioactive Materials
A radioactive material is any material or anycombination of materials that spontaneously
emits ionizing radiation having a specificactivity greater than 70 Becquerels per gram.
Radioactive White-I, Yellow-II, and Yellow-IIIalerts emergency response workers to
increasing radioactivity. White-I is the least radioactive and Yellow-III
is the most radioactive.
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Class 7: Radioactive Materials
A Geiger Counter is used to measure
radioactivity.
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Class 8: Corrosive Materials
A corrosive material is both of the following:
1. A liquid or solid that causes visible
destruction or irreversible alterations in skintissue at the site of contact.
2. A liquid that has a severe corrosion rate onsteel or aluminum, as measured in
accordance with certain prescribed DOTtesting procedures.
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Class 8: Corrosive Materials
Sodium Biarbonate + HClliberates CO2 gas.
Magnesium + HClliberates H2 gas
Cl 9 Mi ll
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Class 9: MiscellaneousHazardous Materials
The DOT defines a miscellaneous hazardousmaterial as a material that presents a hazardduring transportation, but is not included in any
other hazard class. These materials are any material that has
anesthetic, noxious, elevated-temperaturesubstances, hazardous wastes and marine
pollutants, and magnetized materials. ORM-D materials are also class 9.
Cl 9 Mi ll
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Class 9: MiscellaneousHazardous Materials
Hot water whentransported is an elevated
temperature material an istherefore Class 9
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Questions?