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Hazard Mitigation: Volcán Barú, Panama
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Transcript of Hazard Mitigation: Volcán Barú, Panama
Hazard Mitigation: Volcán Barú, Panama
Julie A. Herrick
Returned Peace Corps Volunteer Panama
International Collaboration
Outline:
Volcanic Hazards Worldwide Events and Products Strongest Impact Monitoring Methods
Invitation to Panama Natural Hazards Authorities Mitigation Activities Nationwide
Decade for Natural Hazard Reduction Volcanic hazards in western Panama
Field Methods Frequency of events
Ongoing Collaboration
Volcán Barú Hazard Zones,USGS 2007.
Volcán Barú, Panama
(Siebert et al. 2010)
Volcanism Worldwide
Less than half of the world’s active volcanoes are currently monitored.
In under-developed countries:•82% of active volcano locations•86% of volcano-related deaths between 1600 AD and 1982
(Lockwood, 2010; Chester, 1993)
Volcanic Hazards Worldwide
Events Each Century~60 events that pose a threat to
aviation~60 events related to lava flows~20 events related to lahars,
pyroclastic flows/surges~0.5-1.0 events related to structural
collapse (e.g. sector failure)
(Chester, 1993)
Unzen Complex above Shimabara, Japan(Takashi Yamada, 1992).
Volcanic Hazards Worldwide
Fatal Events (1600 to 1982)0.4% from lava flows19% from tsunamis30% from lahars, avalanches,
pyroclastic flows/surges(Chester, 1993)
Ashfall from Pinatubo, Philippines.(USGS, 1991).
Buried to the roofline, children standing on a school’s roof abovelahar flows from Pinatubo, Philippines.(USGS, 1991).
Hazard Forecasting
“Keeping Monitoring as Simple as Practical” (Swanson, 1995)
(Ewert et al. 2005)
*
The Republic of Panama
Panama’s Three Primary Volcanic Centers
Canal
Mitigation Authorities
University of Panama Sinaproc
National System of Civil Protection Senacyt
National Council of Science and Technology CEPREDENAC
Center of Natural Disaster Prevention in Central America OSOP
Seismic Observatory of Western Panama
Seismic Hazards
(UTP & Sinaproc)
Orange and red points are ≥6.0 magnitude events.
Volcanic Hazards: Chiriquí Province
International effort of IAVCEI, “Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction” Pro-active regional participant,
CEPREDENAC Significant, recent events:
Mount St. Helens, Nevado de Ruiz, Cameroon, Pinatubo, Unzen
First Report: Identification and Assessment
Mitigation at Volcán Barú, 1992 Volcanic region supports major agriculture and tourism
“Economic risk” Davíd, the 2nd largest populated center in the country is
downslope “Vulnerability”
High precipitation rates proximal to the edifice “Natural climate”
Established general stratigraphy of the volcano with K/Ar dating Calculated the lower limit for the volcano’s age
Formalized action plan Inter-agency communication in Panamanian
Hazard Zones
(Sherrod et al. 2007)
Products from assessments by the US-based Volcano Disaster Assistance Program, “VDAP.”
Crisis Response
Collaboration: Senacyt/US AID providing funding USGS consulting and VDAP visit, equipment loan, and training Sinaproc Universtiy of Panama Local community members
“Earthquake activity beneath Panama's Baru Volcano in May 2006 served as a reminder that the slumbering volcano, long thought to be dormant by local residents, might one day reawaken. English News Panama 3/5/2008”
Volcán Barú’s Timeline
(Sherrod et al. 2007)
Volcán Barú: Collapsed Edifice
Original Photo by K. Johnson (1995)
(1) Caisán Collapse; (2) Barriles Collapse
Mount St. Helens: Collapsed Edifice
Photographed on Sept. 10, 1980; the collapsed profile is outlined in black.
Communication
Informational meetings held with local authorities,Civil Protection of the Chiriqui Province, Sept., 2009.
Ron and Kim Miller at an avalanche outcrop, Gariché Ranch, Feb., 2009.
In the stratigraphy:
A: The Barriles Deposit, the “young” deposit.
B: Sedimentary beds of fine sand and clay.
C: The Caisan Deposit, the “old” unit.
Field Methods
Scarp height: 15 meters
Barriles Volume: 34 km^3 Caisan Deposit: 53 km^3
Volume Calculations
Radiocarbon Sampling:
Barriles Deposit 3-120 meters thick:
Sample GPS072 8,000 ±30 ybp
Sample GPS309 8,590 ±50 ybp
Caisán Deposit 4.5-128 meters thick:
Sample GPS065 43,350 ±750 ybp
Sample GPS248 >43,500
Discovering wood fragments from a broken and buried forest.
Barú, Panama 200.
International Collaboration
In Panama: Seed money for seismic monitoring Professional publications disseminating new data Volcanic history has become well-established New research possibilities have appeared Increased hazard awareness for the public
Thanks!
•Financial:
•NSF Partnerships in International Research and Education (0530109)•Peace Corps Panama
•Guidance:•Dr. William I. Rose
•Frank A. Trusdell, USGS•Dr. John P. Lockwood•Geology Graduate Seminar
Participants
Mount St. Helens from Johnston Ridge (Hinderman, 2004).
"It should be emphasized that the short-term hazards posed by volcanoes are balanced by benefits of volcanism and related processes over geologic time." -- Robert I.Tilling, USGS, 1985.