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HAWTHRONE EXPERIMENTSResearch & Presented by:

Amrita Banerjee, AnupriyaBaranwal, Sneha Poddar, Rubina

Khatoon, Digvijay N. Singh,

Amit Keshri & Amit Saboo

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About

Western Electric Company

Engaged in manufacturing equipmentfor the telephone industry.

High standards, concern for welfare of

employees regarding wages and hours. No worker strike in over 20 years.

High employee morale.

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The Essence of Human Relation

Organizational situation.

Social process.

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Finally

The term was coined in 1955 by Elton Mayo,W

hitehead & Roethlisberger. Research began with a study conducted by

Hawthorne at Western Electric Company.

Conducted Research in Four Phases:

- Illumination Experiments- Relay AssemblyTest Room Experiments

- Mass Interviewing Experiments

- BankWiring Observation Room Experiments

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Experim

ent

# 1 - Illumi

natio

n Experim

ents(1924 1927)

Varied levels of illumination.

- higher illumination increase productivity First experiment

- Two separate groups

- one group varied intensities ofillumination

- second group constant intensities ofillumination

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Experiment & Result

Increased illumination both group

production increased. Intensity of illumination decreased

production still increase.

Production decrease when intensityof illumination gets to the level ofmoonlight.

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Final Conclusion

Illumination No effect on

productivity.

Human factor is responsible

New Experiments started.

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Experiment # 2 Relay Assembly TestRoom Experiments (1927 1928)

Sets a relay assembly test room.

Two girls.Four more girls coworkers.

Work assembly of telephone relays.

Output depend speed & continuityOne observer

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Changes & Outcomes

Each girls extra pay was based on the

other five. Two 5min. rest later made it to 10min.

Frequent break decrease the rhythm of

work. In the Morning break coffee or soup

served along with sandwich

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Contd...

In the evening break snack was provided.

Change in working hours i.e. instead 5.00 p.m.changed to 4.30 p.m. later 4.00 p.m.

Each change introduced

- Absenteeism Decreased

- Morale Increased- Less Supervision

Revert back all changes production increased

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Final Result

Change in Girls attitude work &

work group.Stability.

Sense of belongingness.

More freedom of work responsibility & self discipline.

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Experiment # 3 Mass InterviewingExperiments (1928 1930)

20,000 interviews conducted

during 1928-30.Direct questioning

Disadvantage not get to the rootof the problem

Now non-directive interviewing.

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Major Finding

Complaint is not necessarily an objective

recital of facts.

Objects, persons, and events are carriers

of social meanings.

Personal situation of the worker is aconfiguration of emotional balancing.

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Contd

Status of the worker in the company

work allotted to him.

Satisfaction or Dissatisfaction - Social

status and social rewards.

Social Demand Social experiences

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Experiment # 4 Bank Wiring ObservationRoom Experiments (1931 1932)

Analyze the functioning of small group & impact

on individual behavior. 14 male workers employed

- 9 wireman

- 3 soldermen

- 2 inspectors

Work - to attach wire to switches.

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Contd

Hourly wage rate average output of

each worker.Bonus average group output.

To earn more produce more.

To earn bonus help each otherWorkers decided target for

themselves lower than companies.

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Reason for restrictedoutput

Fear for unemployment.

Fear of raising the standard.

Protection of slower workers.

Satisfaction on the part of management.

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Result

Workers sets certain norms.

Informal relationship important factor. Workers counseled good human

relations in regards to

- personal adjustment- Supervision

- employee relations

- management employee relations.

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Implication of HawthorneExperiments

Multiple needs.

Interpersonal relations & Work

situations.

Informal relations.

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Contd

Leadership.

Supervision.

Communication.

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Criticismof HawthorneExperiments

Productivity is Ignored.

Incomplete Package.

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Contd

Missing link between humanization &Productivity.

Keeping Employee happy is notenough.

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