Hawaii China Japan Cuba Puerto Rico Philippines Panama.
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US Imperialism Hawaii China Japan Cuba Puerto Rico Philippines Panama
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Transcript of Hawaii China Japan Cuba Puerto Rico Philippines Panama.
US ImperialismHawaiiChinaJapanCuba
Puerto RicoPhilippines
Panama
US covets Hawaii for naval base and sugar◦ America investments in Hawaii increase
throughout 1800s◦ By 1870s, US controlled majority of Hawaiian
trade & land
Annexation of Hawaii
http://www.enchantedlearning.com/usa/states/hawaii/http://www.adventure-travel.org.uk/AMERICA_N/hawaii.php
Timeline of Events◦ 1875: treaty exempted Hawaiian sugar from US
tariffs◦ 1887: Hawaiian Imperialist League forced
Kalakaua to sign Bayonet Treaty (US has exclusive rights to Pearl Harbor)
◦ 1890 McKinley Tariff negatively impacts Hawaiian sugar economy (subsidies to US sugar producers forced sugar prices to drop)
◦ Hawaiian Imperialist League vs. Queen Liliuokalani
◦ 1893: John L. Stevens & Sanford Dole organizes revolt & overthrows Queen L.
◦ Cleveland doesn’t approve annexation of Hawaii after special investigation and orders Dole’s provisional govt. to resign
◦ Dole refuses to resign and Cleveland reluctantly recognizes Dole’s provisional govt.
◦ July 7, 1898: Hawaii is annexed by US (Spanish-American War in 1898)
Annexation of Hawaii
Provisionalgovernmentofhawaiicabinet.jpg
◦ Hawaiian Imperialist League vs. Queen Liliuokalani
◦ 1893: John L. Stevens & Sanford Dole organizes revolt & overthrows Queen L.
◦ Cleveland doesn’t approve annexation of Hawaii after special investigation and orders Dole’s provisional govt. to resign
◦ Dole refuses to resign and Cleveland reluctantly recognizes Dole’s provisional govt.
◦ July 7, 1898: Hawaii is annexed by US (Spanish-American War in 1898)
Annexation of Hawaii
http://www.cedarstreetgalleries.com/bin/detail.cgi?ID=1883
US traded with China throughout the 1800s (especially after 1843)
GB, France, Germany, Russia, and Japan carves out spheres of influence in China after 1895
1899: John Hay issues Open Door Policy◦ All nations have equal access to
trade and investment in China◦ Approved since no country
rejected or accepted it
US Involvement in China
http://www.bobmccaughey.com/post1865/?page_id=1234
Fists of Righteous Harmony resented Foreigners’ influence & control◦ 1900- attacked Western missionaries & traders in
northern China (Boxer Rebellion)◦ Foreign countries send troops to China◦ John Hay negotiates peace between Europe & China
(China pays Europe 333 mi. in damages)
US Involvement in China
http://svr225.stepx.com:3388/boxer-rebellion/file/18516.jpg
1854: Matthew Perry’s visit to Tokyo, Japan to open up trade
Japan starts to industrialize and build up navy
1904: Russo-Japanese War 1905: Treaty of Portsmouth
◦ TR negotiates treaty between Russia & Japan
◦ TR wins Nobel Peace Price 1907: TR sends Great
White Fleet on goodwill voyage (to remind Japan of US powerful might)
US & Japan
http://www.maritimequest.com/warship_directory/us_navy_pages/uss_vermont_bb20.htm
Russo-Japanese War pushed 70,000 Japanese Immigrants to CA
1906 San Francisco Earthquake Asian Exclusion League formed by CA Gentleman’s Agreement (1906)
◦ Japanese will stop flow of laborers in US◦ CA will not ban current Japanese living in US from
schools 1908: Root Takahira Agreement
◦ US and Japan pledged to respect each other’s territorial possessions in Pacific and to uphold the Open Door in China
US & Japan (continued)
Spanish-American War
1898 (16 Week War)“Splendid Little War”
go.hrw.com
www.cyborlink.com
Travelyahoo.com
US Foreign Policy developed in 1823 Stated:
◦ US would not interfere in European colonies in Latin America
◦ But would consider any new attempts to colonize in the Western an act of hostility
Just a reminder about the…Monroe Doctrine
http://millercenter.virginia.edu/scripps/reference/images/monroe.jpg
Wilson-Gorman Tariff of 1894◦ Placed a restriction on sugar imports
YELLOW JOURNALISM
Cuban struggle for Independence from Spain◦ “Butcher” General Valeriano Welyler &
Reconcentration Camps Delome Letter USS Maine Incident
Causes leading to Spanish-American War
Sensational journalism used by journalists to attract readers.
Ex: William Randolph Hearst’s NY Journal & Ex: Joseph Pulitzer’s NY World Randolph: “You furnish the pictures and I’ll
furnish the war”
Yellow Journalism
http://www.smplanet.com/imperialism/remember.html
Joseph Pulitzer
William Randolph Hearst
http://blog.syracuse.com/shelflife/2009/04/writers_born_this_day_rod_mcku.html
Influence of Yellow Journalism?
http://www.spartacus
Drawing by Leon Barritt
Spanish Minister to the US: Enrique Dupuy de Lome
Letter Printed in the NY Journal in February, 1898.
Criticized President McKinley◦ McKinley was described as “weak, and a bidder for the admiration of the crowd”- Journal: “The worse insult to the US in its history”
De Lome Letter
http://www.vw.cc.va.us/vwhansd/HIS122/DeLome.html
http://www.classbrain.com/artteenst/uploads/delome-icon.gif
USS Maine exploded on February 15, 1898 266 of 350 crew died Sensationalized by newspapers
◦ “Remember the Maine! Hell with Spain!”-Newspapers concluded that explosion was from a submarine mine
U.S.S. Maine
http://library.thinkquest.org
<>
http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/events/spanam/events/maineskg.htmCaptain Sigsbee
http://www.socialstudieshelp.com/USRA_Expansion.htm
Influence of Yellow Journalism◦ Public Demands War
McKinley, reluctantly, issues war to Congress on April 11, 1898 Congress declares war on Spain in April 25 Teller Amendment issued by Congress
◦ Cuban would be given freedom after War
US Reacts…
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/presidents/william-mckinley-1417412.html
Manila Bay (Philippines)◦ George Dewey ◦ Emilio Aguinaldo
Kettle Hill (near Santiago)◦ Rough Riders led by TR & Leonard Wood
San Juan Hill◦ Rough Riders were sensationalized in newspapers
Santiago Harbor◦ Blockade
Armistice signed on August 12, 1898
Locations of Major Battleswww.theodore-roosevelt.com/
brdewey.gif
5400 of 300,000 lost their lives◦ Only 379 died from battle casualties
Treaty of Paris signed on December 10, 1898
Major Points◦ Cuba becomes independent.◦ Puerto Rico and Guam are given to the US.◦ US pays Spain $20 million for the annexation of
the Philippines.
Spanish-American War Aftermath
www.theodora.com
www.sweetmarias.com
www.elca.org
Cuba◦ US military govt. set up by Leonard Wood for provisional govt.◦ Major advances achieved in govt. finances achieved in govt.
finance, education, agriculture, public health… Walter Reed and William Gorgas led efforts to reduce
mosquito pop. & found that mosquitoes caused yellow fever
US withdrew from Cuba (Teller Amendment) however…◦ Cuba forced to add Platt Amendment in Cuban Constitution
US has right to approve Cuban treaties US has right to intervene militarily to restore order US has right to naval & coaling stations (ex:
Guantanamo Bay) Cuba becomes a US protectorate
Puerto Rico◦ Foraker Act of 1900: Governor & Upper house appointed by
US◦ Jones Act of 1917: Granted Puerto Ricans US citizenship &
gave them the right to elect both houses of their legislature◦ 1952: Puerto Rico becomes a self-governing commonwealth
of US
After Cuban Independence…
Pro Imperialism (tend to be Republican)
Anti Imperialism (tend to be Democrat)
Philippines seen as stepping stone for Asia
Foreign Issues would overshadow much needed reform at home
Spread Christianity * Foreign workers would lower wages at home
New Markets American Factories may relocate overseas
Raw Materials Increased Army (higher taxes)
Spreading US influence and democratic values in Asia
Mongrelization of America
US & Philippines Imperialist Debate
Filipinos assumed that their freedom was granted after War (like Cuba) & however, despite provisional govt set up by Aguinaldo, becomes a US protectorate
Open Rebellion led by Emilio Aguinaldo (1899 to 1901)◦ 4300 US & 57,000 Filipinos died
1902: Philippine Govt Act (Organic Act)◦ US appoints governor & upper house
Jones Act of 1916 :Filipinos elect both houses US granted independence to Philippines in 1946
US & Philippines
http://lltm.tripod.com/aguinaldo.html
1901- John Hay tries to negotiate Hay-Pauncefote treaty with Republic of Colombia which included Panama◦ Pay Colombia 10 mil. and yearly 250,000 rental ◦ US would receive 6 mile strip of land across isthmus for 99
years◦ Colombian Senate rejects treaty for better offer
Gunboat Diplomacy (1903)◦ Philippe Bunau-Varilla negotiates with US for assistance for
Panama independence from Colombia◦ November- Panama revolution
US Marines prevented Colombian forces form reaching rebels Three days later, US recognizes Panama
◦ Hay Bunau-Varilla Treaty Similar to Hay Pauncefote treaty, however would cost 40 mil.
◦ Roosevelt (later): “I took the Canal and let Congress Debate”
US & Panama Canal
Completed in 1914 Cost over 400 mil. Organized under John F.
Stevens & Colonel George Washington Goethals
William Gorgas helps to eliminate malaria by 1913
SS ANCON becomes first to pass through Canal on August 15, 1914
Significant Engineer achievement
Panama Canal
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/6074106.stm
Panama Canal
http://www.two-friends-travels.com/panama/panama-canal-miraflores-locks.html
