(HAT) Validity of the inventory for testing a height ...

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臇臡膗膶臂臝(HAT) 腇腚致腡腛腉腜腢膻1) 腂臻 ῍῍膷膋 臱膢膟膯臀膎῍῍ Validity of the inventory for testing a height avoidance tendency (HAT) Yasuaki H6<6, Kiyoshi IH=>>, and Keiichiro THJ?> University of Human Environments, and Nagoya University῍῍ This study examined the validity of the newly devised inventory for testing a height avoidance tendency (HAT). The inventory tested two aspects of avoidance: approaching a height, and looking down from a height. The participants were divided into high and low avoidance groups on the basis of their HAT scores, and their skin conductance responses (SCRs) were recorded during exposure to video clips of heights. The total, and some componential, HAT scores were positively correlated with self-rated intensities of the fear of heights, whilst there was no significant correlation with the trait scores of the STAI (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory). Sig- nificantly more SCRs were obtained for the high avoidance group than for the low avoidance group in responses to the videos. These results successfully demonstrated that the HAT was valid for selecting participants with a high tendency to avoid heights, and suggested that the test would be a useful tool for investigating the development and mode of spatial emotions evoked through perceptual and cognitive processes. Key words : fear of height, Height Avoidance Tendency Inventory (HAT), skin conductance response 腹膁腢腗腼臗腫膲腢腬腊腠臇臡腡膆腕腙腞腎 腡臸腖腮膱膄腣腁 膋腡 腆臇臡膱腇 腞臁腤腯腮腀 腍膰腏腜自臸膚腡臐臧腰腙腗臩臉腡腣腁 腆腠腓 腢膱臦腇 (specific phobia) 腞腓腯腁 腆臇臡膱臦腇 (ac- rophobia) 膀腾腓腯腮 (American Psychiatric Asso- ciation, 2000)腀 腧腙腘腢臩臉腁 膱腢膛膪腞膥腕腜臬 臲腢膑腫臮臰腉腁 臹臭致膞腠腟腢臖臭膹膸腍臸膪腗腮腑腞腪腈腮腀 臇臡膱臦腢臕腫膠膃腕腞腕腙膼膭腣臤臬膙腫臹臭膉膙腡腋腉腜臯腩腭腯腁 膳膃腱腃腵腽膁腂膀 腲膀腷腳膫臠腰腉腙臆腝膐腺腢臓腨腍臲臊腓腯 腜腉腮 (Emmelkamp, Bruyzeel, Drost, & van der Mast, 2001; North, North, & Coble, 1997)腄腹臇臡膱臸膔膿膦臣腢膖腰腩腔腗腡腣腢膛膪臔 腫膖臍膺腢腠腓臇臡膱腢膵膢致膝臫腞腢臺腠腟腲腻膂腃腵腍腯膉腝腈腮臇臡膱臦臝腞腕腜臃腏膌膈腓腯腜腉腮腪腢腢腥腞 腛腡Cohen (1977) 腡腬腚腜臌臵腓腯腙臇臡膱臦臘(Acrophobia Questionnaire: AQ) 腍腈腮腑腢 20 臞腢臇臡臩腡腋腐腮臆膈 腄膡臜腡臨腮腢腻腾腶腸腺腴腃腼腢腛腠腟腅 腡腛腉腜腟腢腔腙腲膄腰膝腖腮腌 腄膄臝腘腢臆膈腰腟腢腙腫腐腙腉腌 腄膗腅腢膐腰膬腩腮腪腢腝腈腮Department of Human Environments, University of Human Environments, 62 Kamisanbonmatsu, Motojyuku-cho, Okazaki-shi, Aichi 4443505 1) 膼膭腣1416 腢腙膒膙膼膭腪腷臢膴膤B 腄膼膭膓腋腨14310044腁 膼膭腉腰膷膋 腅 腢膼膭腢膋腞腕腜臆腚腙 腄膕腁 2005腅腀 臙 膽腢臙臑腋腬腦臙膽膟膯腢臶腡腈腙腚腜腣腁 臥 膩臎腁 腭腮膧腁 臅臼臆腁 臷臏腁 膾臟 膋腁 膳膜腁 腏膅膆腆腁臭腘腊臏腢膘腡腒臐 膌腞腒膮腙腀 膨腕腜臛膇腰腗腮腀 Copyright 2011. The Japanese Psychonomic Society. All rights reserved. The Japanese Journal of Psychonomic Science 2011, Vol. 29, No. 2, 109117 ῌ῎ῑ῏ ῌ῎ῑ῏

Transcript of (HAT) Validity of the inventory for testing a height ...

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Validity of the inventory for testing a

height avoidance tendency (HAT)

Yasuaki H6<6, Kiyoshi IH=>>, and Keiichiro THJ?>

University of Human Environments�, and Nagoya University��

This study examined the validity of the newly devised inventory for testing a heightavoidance tendency (HAT). The inventory tested two aspects of avoidance: approaching a height,and looking down from a height. The participants were divided into high and low avoidancegroups on the basis of their HAT scores, and their skin conductance responses (SCRs) wererecorded during exposure to video clips of heights. The total, and some componential, HAT scoreswere positively correlated with self-rated intensities of the fear of heights, whilst there was nosignificant correlation with the trait scores of the STAI (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory). Sig-nificantly more SCRs were obtained for the high avoidance group than for the low avoidancegroup in responses to the videos. These results successfully demonstrated that the HAT was validfor selecting participants with a high tendency to avoid heights, and suggested that the test wouldbe a useful tool for investigating the development and mode of spatial emotions evoked throughperceptual and cognitive processes.

Key words : fear of height, Height Avoidance Tendency Inventory (HAT), skin conductanceresponse

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Copyright 2011. The Japanese Psychonomic Society. All rights reserved.

The Japanese Journal of Psychonomic Science

2011, Vol. 29, No. 2, 109�117��������

AQ��������� ������ Wolpe &

Lang (1964)� ����� (Fear Survey Schedule)

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Table 1. Three factors of height fear obtained with Height AvoidanceTendency Inventory (HAT). Questionnaire was given in Japanese.

Factor Situation

Visual height Window-side at the 30th floor of buildingYs� 30���%

Veranda at the tenth floor of buildingYs� 10������

Window-side at the glassed observation tower� �������&���%

Inside of the fence at rooftop of five-storied building5����Ys������' 

Gondola of Ferris wheel at the top positionK(¡�¢��3£�¤�

Risk of falling Sca#old at the tenth level of constructing spotYs¥_¦k� 10��§k

Narrow bridge with no parapet¨7���'©'ª��

Edge of the sheer cli#«���<¬��

Outside of the fence at rooftop of five-storied building5����Ys������g 

Top of a tall tree�')��

Daily experience Pace of staircase in the school­®��¯��

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Figure 1. Filming for video clips. Alphabetsinserted in the figure indicate the sequence:(a) staying still at the starting point (60 s), (b)approaching the window (10 s), (c) panningdown (10 s), (d) looking down at the ground(20 s), (e) panning up (10 s), (f) backing awayfrom the window (10 s), and (g) staying stillat the terminal spot (10 s).

Figure 2. Four scenes from the video clips taken at (d) position in Figure 1. (1) approximately 2.0 mabove from floor (F0), (2) approximately 1.5 m above from ground (F1), (3) approximately 12.0 m abovefrom ground (F4), (4) approximately 26.0 m above from ground (F8).

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