HA:SAN’S GARDEN AND NUTRITION PROGRAM Ha:sañ Preparatory and Leadership School.

HA:SAN’S GARDEN

AND NUTRITION PROGRAM

Ha:sañ Preparatory and Leadership School

As a whole First Nations people suffer from a higher incidence of diabetes than the general population. The Tohono O´odham have the highest rate of type 2

diabetes in the world with more than 50% of those over the age of 35 having

the disease.

Some nutritionists and healthcare officials believe that the diabetes

epidemic in First Nations can be mostly attributed to the shift away from traditional

plant and animal foods towards the processed foods of the modern American

diet.

The pre-1492 First Nations people were living with 2 conditions: one, nobody was telling them what to do; and two, they were living communally. The communal group was

responsible for life and death-everything that ever happened to you they noticed.

John Mohawk - Seneca

So if a food made you sick the communal group noticed. If another food made you

thrive, they noticed that too. Food was seen as medicine. In a hospital the food they feed you is not medicine, it makes you sick, keeps

you in the hospital and makes the hospital more money.


In the past food choice was motivated by which foods helped people thrive instead of

which foods are going to make money. That is the big difference. Today the value of food is predicated by profit but the value of heritage

foods was weighed upon life force.


BREAD VS. WIHOG from: nutritiondata.com

and from: L. Rockwell. 1999. Good Enough to Eat: A Kid’s Guide to Food and Nutrition. HarperCollins Publishers, New York.

WIHOG

GI = 25

amylose

soluble fiber

blood sugar

insulin levels

BREAD

GI = 70

amylopectin

soluble fiber

blood sugar

insulin levels

CARROT VS. SNICKERS from: nutritiondata.com

and from: L. Rockwell. 1999. Good Enough to Eat: A Kid’s Guide to Food and Nutrition. HarperCollins Publishers, New York.

carrot

GI = 47

carbs = 5g

GL = 2

blood sugar levels

insulin secretion

snickers

GI = 55

carbs = 64g

GL = 35

blood sugar levels

insulin secretion

bahidaj

wiyo:di

kiaki or giad

wihog

onk i:wagi

NUTRITIONAL ANALYSIS OF TRADITIONAL FOODS

from: P. R. Krausman et al. 1990. Nutritional Composition of Desert Mule Deer Forage in the Picacho Mountains, Arizona. Desert Plants 10(1): 32-34.

BAHIDAJ 18% protein

44% fiber

38% sugar

seeds 30% fat


from: W. C. Hodgson. 2001. Food Plants of the Sonoran Desert. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.

WIHOG(100g edible pod)

47.9g carbs

33.1g fiber

19-22g sugar

Glycemic Index (25)

NUTRIENT QUALITY:Mesquite vs. Beans

(100 gram serving, nutrients in grams) from: nutritiondata.com

0

50

100

150

200

250

carbs magnesium iron calories

mesquite

pinto beans

kidney beans

carbs magnesium iron calories


from: nutritiondata.com

GIAD - amaranth(195g or 1 cup)

Amino Acid Score (101)

4.4 mg Mn (220% DV)

14.8g Fe (82% DV)

1.5g Cu (76% DV)

18.1g fiber (73% DV)

NUTRIENT QUALITY:Amaranth vs. Wheat

(1 cup equivalents, nutrients in % of Daily Value) from: nutritiondata.com

0%

50%

100%

150%

200%

250%

fiber copper manganese iron fiber copper mang. iron

amaranth

wheat flour (white, enriched)

wheat flour (whole-grain)



WIYO:DI-acorns(1 cup dried kernels)

Amino Acid Score (122)Glycemic Load (4) 1.6mg Vit. B6 (80% DV)

1.6mg copper (80% DV)

NUTRIENT QUALITY: Acorns vs. Wheat

(1 cup equivalents, nutrients in relative values) from: nutritiondata.com

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Amino AcidScore

GlycemicLoad

Vitamin B6 copper

acorns (dried)

wheat flour (white, enriched)

wheat flour (whole-grain)

A. A. S. G.L. Vita. B6 copper



ONK I:WAGI - Lambsquarter

(180g or 1 cup)

Amino Acid Score (129)

14071 IU Vit. A (281% DV)

0.9mg Mn (47% DV)

66.6mg Vit. C (111% DV)

464mg Ca (46% DV)

NUTRIENT QUALITY:Lambsquarter vs. Greens

(1 cup equivalents, nutrients in relative values)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Amino AcidScore

Vitamin C Manganese copper

lambsquarter

Iceberg lettuce

spinach

A. A. S. Vitamin C Mang. copper

CHOLESTEROL LEVELS (mg)from: S.B. Eaton et al. 1988. The Paleolithic Prescription: a Program of Diet and

Exercise and a Design for Living. Harper and Row, New York.

ETHNIC GROUP

COUNTRY AVG. SERUM CHOLESTEROL

Hadza Tanzania 110

Inuit Canada 141

Kung! Botswana 120

Aborigine Australia 139

Pygmy Zaire 106

Caucasian America 210

WILD MEAT vs. DOMESTIC (1 pound of raw shoulder meat, nutrients in grams)


0

20

40

60

80

100

120

lamb pork beef deer bison rabbit caribou

lamb pork beef deer bison rabbit caribou

protein fat saturated fat

NUTRIENTS (mg)from: S.B. Eaton and M. Konner. 1985. Paleolithic Nutrition: a Consideration of its Nature and Current Implications. New England Journal of Medicine 312: 283-289.

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

cholesterol sodium calcium vitamin C choles. sodium calcium Vitamin C

hunter-gatherer

modern American

recommended

TOTAL DIETARY ENERGYfrom: S.B. Eaton and M. Konner. 1985. Paleolithic Nutrition: a Consideration of its Nature and Current Implications. New England Journal of Medicine 312: 283-289.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

carbohyd fats protein alcohol

carbs fats proteins alcohol

hunter-gatherer

modern American

recommended

HA:SAN’S GARDEN AND NUTRITION PROGRAM Ha:sañ Preparatory and Leadership School.

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