Hasan Padamsee & Maury Tigner Cornell University
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Transcript of Hasan Padamsee & Maury Tigner Cornell University
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Hasan Padamsee & Maury TignerCornell University
ILC – Enabling Technology
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Topics •Principle of the devices•Basics of RF Superconductivity •Examples of operating facilities using SRF •Examples of facilities in planning that would use SRF •Potential of new superconducting materials for the future
Superconducting Radio FrequencyTechnology (SRF)
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Accelerating Cavity Principle
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Difference between
DC and RF Resistance
DCRF
Ele
ctric
al R
esi
stan
ce
T
Combine with the Fact of Superconductivity
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• A superconducting cavity reduces the wall dissipation by many orders of magnitude over a copper cavity
• => Affordable higher CW and long pulse gradients
• Larger aperture cavity geometry => for better beam quality
Leads toMain Advantages of Superconducting Cavities
10–8
10–7
10–6
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| λ/2 |
Typical Accelerating Cavity for High Velocity Particles
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Accelerating Gaps <λ/2
Typical Accelerating Cavity forLow Velocity Particles
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• Nuclear Physics– Ions (total > 1 GeV)
• Low Energy• Nuclear Astrophysics
– Electrons (total 12 GeV)
• Light Sources– Storage Rings– FELs
• Neutron Sources
Proven Applications of SRF
(Examples to be given not a complete list – apologies)
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100,000 + hours of operating experience since 1978
Superconducting Accelerating Structures
Started in 1978
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• 336 Resonators to be built – QWR and HWR
– Schematic of FRIB
FRIB, Facility for Rare Isotope Beams Under Construction at MSU
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• Understanding the quark-gluon structure of nucleus
• Distribution of nuclear spin
Medium Energy Nucelar Physics
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42Cryomodules Inside the tunnel
380 accelerating structures for Jefferson Lab
6 -12 GeV Re-circulating Linear Accelerator for Nuclear Physics Using Electrons
50,000 cavity-hours of operation
Now Upgrading
to 12 GeV
18 MV/m
7 MV/m
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Virus with 50 million atoms
Chemistry Nobel prize
X-Ray Science
Muscle Protein Molecule…
…
…
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• CESR/CHESS (USA)• Canadian Light Source• Taiwan Light Source• DIAMOND Light Source
(UK)• Shanghai Light Source
• SOLEIL (France)• Beijing Tau-Charm
Factory • Swiss Light Source
– For life time increase
• ELETTRA (Italy)– For life time increase
• NSLS2 BNL (USA)(under construction)
SRF in Electron Storage Rings for X-Rays
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• Jefferson Lab • JAERI-FEL• Darmstadt• DESY (FLASH)
Free Electron Lasers: Infrared, UV, X-Ray
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TTF-II
Basis of XFEL, Now Under Construction
DESY – SASE – FEL FLASH VUV to Soft X-Rays
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8 - Cavity String
9-cell Cavity
8-Cavity Module for FLASH and XFEL
25 MV/m
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XFEL (18 GeV) Under Construction
The biggest SRF application to date
800 cavities , 24 MV/m, 18 GeV
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19
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SNS (1 GeV protons, > 1 MW)Low Energy Neutrons by Spallation In A Target
Niobium Cavities
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50 Yr-Growth of Installed Voltage for v/c=1 Accelerators
Year
Installed Voltage
1
10
100
1000
10000
100000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
Installed Voltage
Jlab
LEP-
II SNS
FLAS
H XFEL
Jlab-
Upg
rade
MVo
lt
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Future Projects Under Study with Prototype Construction
(besides ILC)
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• Anticipated• ESS
– European Spallation Source
• CSNS – China• Proton Drivers
– Project X (Fermilab)– SPL (CERN)
• ADS– MYRRAH– India– Japan– China
High Intensity Proton LinacsBeam Power 1–5 MW
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CM Ginsburg SRF2011-Chicago24
ILC-like, 1.3 GHz
Two accelerator sections comprised of SRF cavities
new, 325 and 650 MHz3 MW beam power
Future > 2020Project X Accelerator at Fermilab
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approx. 500m SRF Linac
Possible Layout
• BESSY – ERL• KEK ERL• BNL• LBNL – NGLS
• FEL
Energy Recovery LinacNext Generation Light Sources
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• X-Ray FELs and ERLs
Benefits from New Generation of Light Sources
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• New Materials with higher Eacc limit– Nb3Sn– MgB2
The Future?
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Can We Expect Higher Accelerating Fields than for Nb From New Materials?
• GL theory gives Eacc ~ Hsh ~ 0.75Hc – for kappa (λξ >> 1 – Nb3Sn :Tc = 18 K, Hsh = 3000 Oe => Eacc = 80 MV/m
(improved shape cavity)– MgB2:Tc = 38 K, Hsh = 6200 Oe => Eacc = 172 MV/m
(improved shape cavity)
• How do experiments compare with (simple) GL theory?• Much materials development required!
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Rs ~ nΩ (low field, 2K) Highest surface field ~ 1300 Oe (32 MV/m) (Nb also ~ nΩ, surface field ~ 2000 Oe) More material development needed
Best Nb3Sn Today
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Best MgB2 Today
• Rs about 1 μΩ• Highest surface fields ~ 300 Oe (8MV/m) (Nb has reached nΩ and 2000 Oe )
Much material development required
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SUMMARY
• SRF Has Become a Core Technology Worldwide for a Variety of Accelerators
• HEP• Nuclear Physics• Nuclear-Astrophysics• Material Science: X-rays• Material Science: Neutron Sources
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Concluding Wish!May all these “coming attractions” face
ZERO RESISTANCE !!