Hasan Fathy
Transcript of Hasan Fathy
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HASAN FATHY
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Born in 1900 in Alexandria
Agriculture to architecture
professor at the Faculty of Fine Arts and was head of the Architectural
School
Ambivalent towards western architecture influence
Fathys belief Egypt can not be built on technology alone, progress should
be in respect with the faith and social values of the Egypt
Search for cultural identity, urge to break free from the colonial influence
Ideology
Rather than believing that people could be behaviorally conditioned by
architectural space, fathy felt that human beings, nature, and architecture
should co exist in harmonious balance
Architecture is a communal art, should reflect the personal habits and
traditions of the community rather than reforming and eradicate them
As he was not against to the innovation, he felt that technology should be
subservient to social values and appropriate to popular needs
He was for the integration of nature and industry sustainability
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Technology should be subject to economy and materials of a particular
of region, so that quality and values inherent in the traditional and
human response to the environment would be preserved
Science should be subordinated to philosophy, faith and spirituality.On Arab architecture
It begins with the interior and goes to the exterior. The function of the
space is primary. The outer form must express forces on the inside
Space has it own values.Islamic architecture is one of space but of
walls.we are in need of an era of non functionalism. We are in need of
quality with human touch.
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Political scenario of Egypt in Fathy period
Want to establish an Egyptian identity
Nostalgia for the past and desire for the change
Concerns about protection of family and privacy
Thesis of space
Study on Islamic architecture in general and medieval quarter of Cairo.This
forms the basis for the many earlier designs.
Elements from history
Courtyard
Regulate the temperature and filter the dust from the air in the city
qa a -
The main reception room of the house, its a open courtyard flanked by T
shaped alcove, completely internalized due to the density and noise of the
house;
Ultimately it became a simple covered central courtyard flanked by alcoves
Fathy adopted and altered the qa to suit to the modern day need
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Royal society for agriculture Bhatim
Failure of dome construction
Fathy was influenced by the vernacular character of the Nubians
Fatimid tomps made of mud bricks
Deir al saman monastery 6th century
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Six general principles that guided Hasan Fathy throughout his career
Beliefs in the primacy of human values in architecture
The importance of a universal rather than limited approach
The use of appropriate technology
Application of technology must be relevant to both its user and its context
The need for socially oriented, cooperative construction techniques
The essential role of tradition
Re establishment of national cultural pride through the act of building
Fathy saw as architecture as art that involved every aspect of human endeavor
Fathy encouraged a deeper respect for the use of tradition in architecture
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Early attempts with mud
Nubian house forms
Guest room separated from the private rooms of the house, windows open to
the street
Private rooms connected with the private courtyard
Thesis of space
Kallini house
Organisation of courtyards
Cross axial positioning of private and common courtyard physically and
visually separated but connected
Fathy saw the courtyard as a place of refuge within homeTo him house is the place for peacefulness and holiness
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Gouaches and Pharanoic garden
Mud architecture - Durability, long history
Architecture unity with the nature
The need for architecture is to join rather than separate people
Characteristic of his work
Use of natural ventilation, local materials, energy conserving design
techniquesSuq open air market central distribution area for isolated agricultural
community
Oriented in such a way to maximize the air movement within
Higher parts of buildings are positioned brilliantly to shade the lower parts, to
minimize heat gain
Air scoops the catch the air and funnel them down to storage space
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New Gourna 1945 47
Residence for different tribal group
Theatre, Market area, Travelers inn, Mosque
Earliest attempt in building with the mud brought this project to him
Antiquities department of Egypt new gourna village
Fathys best known project
Officially sanctioned opportunity to test his radical ideals
The reason behind the construction of village
Fathy saw this project as a opportunity to find solution to the housing problem
and provide safe housing, sanitary in an inexpensive way
Village generally divided in to four quarters for the five tribal groups
The main street which separate the four quarters connects the public buildings
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50 acres of land to house 7000 people
Each tribe is divided into separate family groupings
Fathy maintained this division in his proposal
The main street divide the layout in to four quarters. One quarter for each tribal
group
The main streets are 10M wide for better circulation, ventilation, privacy
The main streets giving accesses to the semiprivate square, connected by theinner streets of 6M wide
The inner streets were not straight, having many bends and corners to provide
shading, and discourage the strangers to use as thoroughfare
Individual houses
Area and the requirements of the houses were according to the occupants
original houses
Plan of the houses vary to meet the need of the occupants
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Proposed plan
Early settlement over Pharaonic tombs
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Nubian vaults made of mud to cool the
summer and heat the winter
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Irregular plan is made for variety and originality in design and for constant
visual interest , to avoid the identical housing fathy
Attention to the individuals and personality of the inhabitants are novel at that
point of timeGourna
Basis of the economy agriculture and crafts works
The core of the community revolves around the market and travelers inn
Market for sale and shipment of the agricultural product, located near therailway line
Railway line was considered as a commercial entry to the village
Travelers inn promotion of arts and crafts
Reason behind the absence running water supply
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Mosque at gourna
The "Gourna Village experiment" was not just
an architectural experiment. To Hassan Fathy
it was more like the development of a town
on a cultural, social level following theregional traditions. Relating to the people and
knowing their needs while asking them to
participate in the construction of their town
was a major part of the project
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Criticism
The public buildings instead of drawing new life cause the death of the
village
The authorities expected a improved version of typical Egyptian rural
set up, not of romantic ideas includes theatre etc.
The intended users are not occupying the village now
Few changes have been made by the occupants doors and windowsare filled in otherwise the original design remain intact
The failure is due to the reluctance of the intended occupants to
relocate their bases
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Fathys view on city planning
One has to consider the man who is being planned for
There should be harmony in the visual images he going to encounter in the
streets, squares & open spaces
Surprises to not to bore him and overwhelm him
Increase in generalization
Home to city center crescendo
City centre to home decrescendo
Mosque has much in common with the Nubian construction
Interesting composition of elements with the known elements
Dome construction square to octagon to circular
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Application of wooden screen in his houses
Reason
Reduces the reflected heat and radiation
Wood absorb the moisture and cool the air passes through it
Design feature
Rounded balustrade to not deflect the light
Up to the eye level spacing between the balustrade are very small vice
versa above the eye level
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Fathys view on culture
Culture is the unique human response of the man to his environments in his
attempt to answer both physical and spiritual needs
Environmental principles must be integrated with the cultural imperatives
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Stopplaere house luxor 1950
Archeological site office and residence for a Archeological director
Two central courtyards provides privacy to both the areas
Steeped squinches at the bottom of the dome
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Sloping pier extends from main building separates office and residence
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1951 fathy became director of the school building department
School is divided in to administrative and communal facilities, offices,library,
mosque and assembly hall
Two Class room facing each other divided by courtyard
Fathy designed the entire building with the natural ventilation to avoid the
soaring cost mechanical heating and cooling
Square class room with the domical roof connected with the rectangularvaulted space for ventilation purpose
The rectangular space to contain water to cool the air
The design is remarkably functional and environmentally comfortable
The school at fares
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The school at fares
Dome over the administrative area
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The Monastirli house 1950
Less vernacular and more ornate
Modeled after the waterside houses
Bosphorous Istanbul
The open wooden pergola Egyptian
ottoman architecture
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Hasan fathy with ekistics community
Housing program for Iraq reconstruction project - 1956
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Late career 1967 89