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Harvard E -118 December 1, 2011 Accommodations, Tour Operations, Airports, Aviation, Cruise Lines, Destinations

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has minimal impact on the natural and cultural surroundings, fits into the physical and cultural environments through attention to design and landscaping as well as building materials, utilizes green technologies that provide sustainable means of water acquisition, safe disposal of solid waste and sewage and use of renewable energy sources, involves local communities in the ecolodge development and seeks to bring about economic and educational benefits to communities, and integrates environmental and cultural education into the visitors experience. - The Nature Conservancy

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Requirements to consider the landscape To conserve natural resources and deliver natural products To deliver maximum guest satisfaction via respect for the surroundings To power and present via alternative and local sources

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Civil engineering Development of site according to standards Environmental engineering Preserving water quality and ecology Architecture Form, function, respect for nature, art Landscape architecture Respect and preservation for existing landscape Understanding the steps to achieve sustainable outcomes Site Analysis Infrastructure Requirements Vehicle and Pedestrian Circulation Landscape and Gardens Central Laundry & Kitchen/ Restaurants Lighting and water features Water supply and treatment Waste water treatment and reclamation

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Recognition of Non- Financial component of Corporate Success Management of externalities that are less and less external Waste, Toxicity, Poverty, Food, Water, Energy, Climate Change Importance of investment community Wyndhams Seven Mile Beach Hotel in Tasmania

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Companies with business models that revolve around green practices will have the strongest opportunity of achieving a Sustainable Competitive Advantage Ernst & Young 2008 Hotel Supply Chain Models Owned Managed Leased Franchises Timeshare Rental Exchange

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Better site planning Conservation of all natural resources Re-use of all resources possible Alternative energy Internal management green teams Greening the supply chain approaches Sustainability at Lapa Rios http://www.laparios.com/lapgoal.htm http://www.laparios.com/lapgoal.htm

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AH&LA Green Resource Center http://www.ahla.com/gre en.aspx Level 1 Best Practice Ecoeducation Ecosuppliers Level 2 Benchmarking Tracking energy and water consumption Utility Rebates Free EPA programs Level 3 Certification & State Programs

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Tour Operators & Agents Bear a Unique Responsibility as they are the primary vendors of product worldwide They face difficult challenges as they do not own many of the assets they represent or even license or franchise them Components of Management of Sustainability for Operators & Agents Marketing, PR, Community Relations, Industry Advocacy Products & Services Employee Education Supply Chain Management Asset Management Physical Assets Benchmarking and Measuring and Reporting

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Booking tools which integrate levels of green into product descriptions Integration of Carbon Data in tour decision making tool kits Investing in destinations

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Working with buyers seeking responsible, sustainable product Developing responsible travel policy and creating programs that favor responsible suppliers

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Creating a flexible market ready approach Developing criteria that allow entry of small and microenterprises into the marketplace

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Bringing together the collective experiences of tour operators Working through national trade associations International standard Training Supplier Assessment Supply Chain Management

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Other impacts of tour components Method of transport Type of excursions and activities Selection of food and beverage

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Increasing environmental benefits, e.g. Avoiding sites with excessive pressure Choosing rail or transport with lower CO2 emissions Energy planning which seeks to lower total emissions of company transport

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Tour Operator Engagement with Destinations Influencing planning and management Developing investment strategies for local green suppliers Supporting community based approaches Training local staff Developing response to climate change & emergencies Supporting basic human needs Investing in environmental sustainability Supporting local small businesses

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Air Quality Improvement Water Quality Control Solid Waste Recycling Noise Mitigation Ecological Protection Energy Efficiency Renewable Energy Green Buildings Carbon Footprint / Climate Action Plan Climate Adaptation

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Activity Emission Reduction (TPY) PW of Total Cost (10 6 Dollars) Useful Life (Years) Capital Cost ($ /Ton) PC Air System at B/A B and E11,25261536 Energy Efficiency Measures14,9223415152 PC Air System at Terminal 24,87631541 Enhanced Solid Waste Recycling2,0000.31510 Fleet Vehicle Replacement58210121,432 Green Car Rental Incentive7,6722.4N/A311

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Large agenda to reduce waste, energy, fuel, and carbon dioxide Travel & Tourism causes 5% of all carbon emissions worldwide 2% of this attributable to aviation Growth to 15-20% of carbon emissions from aviation by 2050 see next slide Fuel savings Optimizing aircraft Weight Design Fuels Trim Flight planning systems allowing airlines to operate efficiently Emissions management systems for tracking, reporting, forecasting

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Air passenger taxes in Europe Carbon trading in Europe from 2012 forward EU scheme to be implemented which would have global implications Mandatory reductions in emissions in Europe Can purchase European Aviation Allowances Or Certified Emissions Reductions (CERs) through UN approved Clean Development Mechanisms (CDMs)

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The Boeing 787 aircraft targeted for delivery in early 2011 just experienced delays due to a fire during testing Lower NoX GEnX engines Smooth wing technology, and state of the art raked tip Composite Materials lighter weight aircraft Direct service fewer take offs and landings Thomson Airways, worlds largest charter airline, will become the Euro launch customer for the B787 with 12 deliveries Thomson Airways is owned by TUI Travel

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Energy and Air Emissions Royal Caribbean Reducing Fuel consumption by 2.5% Reducing Green house gas footprint by 33% by 2015 Testing scrubbers but all ships still use high sulfur fuels Water & Waste Water Royal Caribbean Oily bilge water protection system fleet wide 15 parts per million permitted, discharge allowed 12 miles out CLIA members working towards 2ppm 2009 IMO Emission Control Area (ECA) Covering North America will require Reduced sulfur and NoX and particulates Defining SoX Emission Control Areas (SECAs) Mediterranean Sea may be designated by EU

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Waste & Chemical Management Royal Caribbean Recycling 30% of all waste in U.S. ports Realized 44% reduction in hazardous waste in 2008, 25% reduction in 2009 CLIA Policy for Members Zero trash discharge at sea Food pulped and discharged well away from shore On shore facilities for recycling remain limited in destinations

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Supporting concept of Destination Stewardship, new standards being released by GSTC Work closely with constituents in ports Using funds from corporate foundations to support local conservation efforts Achilles heal of industry Economy of scale so great, industry capable of heavy pressure on local governments and business Local governments and businesses largely tow the line Cruise industry can easily move to other sites and often do so if not accommodated

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Improved emissions via new scrubbers Reduced waste More investment in local recycling facilities would be recommended Improved management of waste water More research on impacts of food waste thrown off board Increasing success with energy efficiency Management of ships in ports, e.g. engines Need for real investment in local destinations that is substantial Creation of destination stewardship fund and/or destination stewardship outside monitoring bodies to advise and rate cruise lines, that are independent of cruise profit driven approaches

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Destination stewardship is the frontier of sustainable tourism There are metrics in the form of indicators which are rarely applied and difficult to coordinate

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Creation of urban planning systems for tourism Creation of rural planning systems for tourism Implementation of knowledge transfer of best land-use planning systems Prevention of incremental loss of destination authenticity Problem of lack of understanding of how destinations actually develop Need for knowledge transfer before too many entrenched interests prevent enlightened policies

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Development of Knowledge Management Systems & Tools for Evaluation of Destination Status Enable Governments to make more informed decisions Enable more informed dialog among stakeholders with government Ambergris Caye, Belize 20 years ago had 3-4 hotels

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Topic Areas Air Quality Land Use Biodiversity Land Coverage Crime & Safety Local Economy Demographics Municipal Solid Waste Education Real Estate Development Electricity Sewage Fishing Town Council Health Water Hotel Industry Water-Based Tourism Road Infrastructure

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Economic Capacity to Reinvest in Cultural and Environmental Capital Political capacity to respond to local destination stewardship goals

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Stakeholder systems are known to work best for destination management Limits of Acceptable Change Mapping Benchmarking will be critical