Hartfalen Ritmestoornissen Pacemakers...Reveal® Implantable Loop Recorder •2 year battery life,...

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Hartfalen Ritmestoornissen Pacemakers Dr. C. Kirchhof, cardioloog Rijnland ziekenhuis, Leiderdorp

Transcript of Hartfalen Ritmestoornissen Pacemakers...Reveal® Implantable Loop Recorder •2 year battery life,...

Page 1: Hartfalen Ritmestoornissen Pacemakers...Reveal® Implantable Loop Recorder •2 year battery life, small, leadless •Patient activated ECG recording with retro- and prospective ECG

Hartfalen Ritmestoornissen

Pacemakers

Dr. C. Kirchhof, cardioloog

Rijnland ziekenhuis, Leiderdorp

Page 2: Hartfalen Ritmestoornissen Pacemakers...Reveal® Implantable Loop Recorder •2 year battery life, small, leadless •Patient activated ECG recording with retro- and prospective ECG

Hartfalen

• Prevalentie 1-2%:

• 2000:176.400 patiënten in NL

• 2000-2020 verwachte toename van 42,5%

• 5-jaars overleving 35%

• 300 mln euro/jaar

Jessup M, et al. NEJM 2003;348:2007-18 Bleumink GS et al. Eur Heart J 2004;25:1614-9 www.RIVM.nl/kostenvanziekten/site_eng Hoes AW

(Julius Centrum), Mosterd A (EUR). 9 mei 2003

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Rotterdam Studie

Mannen

Vrouwen

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Rotterdam Studie

• Kaplan-meier curve na incident HF

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HART FALEN

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DEFINITIE HARTFALEN Multidisciplinaire richtlijn

Chronisch Hartfalen 2002

Hartfalen is een complex van klachten en verschijnselen ten gevolge van een tekortschietende pompfunctie van het hart. Bij voorkeur dient (in plaats van ‘systolisch hartfalen ’ en ‘diastolisch hartfalen’) te worden gesproken over ‘hartfalen met verminderde linker ventrikel systolische functie ’ en ‘hartfalen met normale of behouden systolische functie ’.

Page 7: Hartfalen Ritmestoornissen Pacemakers...Reveal® Implantable Loop Recorder •2 year battery life, small, leadless •Patient activated ECG recording with retro- and prospective ECG
Page 8: Hartfalen Ritmestoornissen Pacemakers...Reveal® Implantable Loop Recorder •2 year battery life, small, leadless •Patient activated ECG recording with retro- and prospective ECG
Page 9: Hartfalen Ritmestoornissen Pacemakers...Reveal® Implantable Loop Recorder •2 year battery life, small, leadless •Patient activated ECG recording with retro- and prospective ECG
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Diastolisch HF

Systolisch HF

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Page 12: Hartfalen Ritmestoornissen Pacemakers...Reveal® Implantable Loop Recorder •2 year battery life, small, leadless •Patient activated ECG recording with retro- and prospective ECG
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PATHOFYSIOLOGIE HARTFALEN

MAP = CO ( HR x SV ) x SVR

Primair Insult

(-)

sympathicus

RAAS

vochtretentie Frank-Starling

perifere vasoconstrictie

(+)

(+) (+) (+)

(+)

(+) (+) (-)

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RONTGEN OPNAMEN NORMAAL EN GEDILATEERD HART

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ECHOCARDIOGRAFIE

Belangrijkste onderzoek om inzicht te verkrijgen in de hartfunctie

Wordt ook wel de Gouden Standaard genoemd

Normaal linker ventrikel Gedilateerd linker ventrikel

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5 minuten post injectie

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5 minuten post injectie

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Natriuretische Peptiden

A. De Bold et al. Life Sci;28: 89-94 1981

• Injectie van atriale weefselextracten in ratten veroorzaakt toename in natriurese en diurese ondanks daling arteriële bloeddruk

1981

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BNP Synthese

Cardiale myocyt

PreproBNP

Ventriculaire rek

NT-proBNP (76aa, T1/2 70 min)

BNP (32 aa, T1/2 20 min)

Biologisch inactief Renaal geklaard

Biologisch actief: -Natriurese -Diurese -Vasodilatatie

Klaring: Renaal NPA & NPC receptor Neuro endopeptidasen

proBNP (108 aa)

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(NT-pro)BNP stijging = REK

ventriculaire myocyt…

• Hartfalen (systolisch / diastolisch)

• Longembolie

• Pulmonale Hypertensie

• COPD

• Nierfunctiestoornissen

• Leeftijd / geslacht

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AUC BNP: 0,96 PAP-smear: 0,70

PSA: 0,94 Mammografie: 0,85

Definitieve diagnose

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NYHA CLassificatie

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Cardiomyopathie door dissynchronie

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PAUZE

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Healthy Heart

1. Sinus node

2. Atrial myocardium

3. AV node

4. His bundle

5. Bundle branches

6. Ventricular myocardium

1

2 3

4

5

6

Page 45: Hartfalen Ritmestoornissen Pacemakers...Reveal® Implantable Loop Recorder •2 year battery life, small, leadless •Patient activated ECG recording with retro- and prospective ECG

‘Hart ritmestoornissen’

Klachten:

GEEN

• ‘overslagen’

• hartkloppingen (snel, onregelmatig, harde slagen)

• dyspnoe

• angina pectoris

• duizelig

• collaps

• verminderde inspanningstolerantie

• algemene malaise

• complicaties

Page 46: Hartfalen Ritmestoornissen Pacemakers...Reveal® Implantable Loop Recorder •2 year battery life, small, leadless •Patient activated ECG recording with retro- and prospective ECG

Te snel of te langzaam?

Te langzaam:

• sinus bradycardie (primair/secundair)

• AV-blok

Oorzaak? (electrolyten, R/, leeftijd)

Verwijzing voor diagnostiek en behandeling

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sinus arrest

sinus arrhythmia

sinus exit

block

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Compleet AV-blok

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Behandeling van een te langzaam hartritme:

PACEMAKER

Pacemaker implantatie

Page 50: Hartfalen Ritmestoornissen Pacemakers...Reveal® Implantable Loop Recorder •2 year battery life, small, leadless •Patient activated ECG recording with retro- and prospective ECG

Invloeden vanuit de omgeving • Draagbare (GSM) telefoon

Geen storing mits niet direct over de pacemaker

geplaatst.

Dus niet in de borstzak dragen!

• Winkel- en luchthaven beveiligingspoortjes

Geeft bijna nooit problemen.

Voor alle zekerheid; “blijf er niet in stilstaan!”

• Huishoudelijke apparatuur zoals magnetron,

TV en stofzuiger. Geen probleem

• MAGNEETVELD (MRI; Electromotoren)

Page 51: Hartfalen Ritmestoornissen Pacemakers...Reveal® Implantable Loop Recorder •2 year battery life, small, leadless •Patient activated ECG recording with retro- and prospective ECG

Functies moderne Pacemaker

1. continue monitoring hartritme

2. stimulatie bij bradycardie

3. herstel AV relatie

4. detectie SVT’s en mode switching

5. counters en arrhythmia-logbook

6. herstel ventriculaire synchroniciteit

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• Fysiologisch ritme (sinus ritme),

inadequate respons

• Extrasystolie

• Supraventriculaire ritmestoornis

• Ventriculaire ritmestoornis

Te snel:

Risico?

Page 53: Hartfalen Ritmestoornissen Pacemakers...Reveal® Implantable Loop Recorder •2 year battery life, small, leadless •Patient activated ECG recording with retro- and prospective ECG

1. Atrial tachycardia

2. Atrial flutter

3. AV nodal tachycardia / WPW

4. Atrial fibrillation

Supraventriculair (smal QRS complex)

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Atrial fibrillation

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Atrial Fibrillation Demographics by

Age

Adapted from Feinberg WM. Arch Intern Med. 1995;155:469-473.

U.S. population

Population with

atrial fibrillation

Age, yr

<5 5-

9

10-

14

15-

19

20-

24

25-

29

30-

34

35-

39

40-

44

45-

49

50-

54

55-

59

60-

64

65-

69

70-

74

75-

79

80-

84

85-

89

90-

94

>95

U.S. population

x 1000

Population with AF

x 1000

30,000

20,000

10,000

0

500

400

300

200

100

0

Page 56: Hartfalen Ritmestoornissen Pacemakers...Reveal® Implantable Loop Recorder •2 year battery life, small, leadless •Patient activated ECG recording with retro- and prospective ECG

Riskfactors: Hypertension Coronary art dis.

Valvular disease Pericarditis

CMP Rheumatic fever

Thoracic surgery* Congenital abn.

Sick Sinus Syn. WPW

Hyperthyroidism COPD

Alcoholabuse Pulmonary embolism

Klachten: NONE

Palpitations (rapid, irregular)

Dizziness, (near-)collaps

angina, dyspnea

Diminished exercise tolerance

Fatigue

TIA/CVA

Clinical aspects of atrial fibrillation

Page 57: Hartfalen Ritmestoornissen Pacemakers...Reveal® Implantable Loop Recorder •2 year battery life, small, leadless •Patient activated ECG recording with retro- and prospective ECG

Atriumfibrilleren

• Paroxysmaal of permanent?

• Accepteren of behandelen?

• ANTISTOLLING!

Page 58: Hartfalen Ritmestoornissen Pacemakers...Reveal® Implantable Loop Recorder •2 year battery life, small, leadless •Patient activated ECG recording with retro- and prospective ECG

Anamnese

• Hoe lang?

• Duur?

• Prodromale verschijnselen?

• Luxerende factoren?

• Start/stop gedrag

• Begeleidende klachten

• Familiair

• Comorbiditeit

• Medicatie

• Stimulantia

Page 59: Hartfalen Ritmestoornissen Pacemakers...Reveal® Implantable Loop Recorder •2 year battery life, small, leadless •Patient activated ECG recording with retro- and prospective ECG

Lichamelijk onderzoek

Hypertensie

Klachten?

Cor, pulmones

Pols, ritme, halsvenen

Page 60: Hartfalen Ritmestoornissen Pacemakers...Reveal® Implantable Loop Recorder •2 year battery life, small, leadless •Patient activated ECG recording with retro- and prospective ECG

Diagnostiek

• ECG tijdens klachten

• X-thorax

• lab

• Holter

• Echo

• Ergometrie

• Event recorder

• Invasief

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Therapie

• Geruststelling

• Leefgewoontes

• Belang van behandeling en preventie

• Medicatie (eerste lijn)

• Medicatie (tweede lijn, antiarritmica)

• Pacemaker/AICD

• RF ablatie

• Chirurgie

Page 62: Hartfalen Ritmestoornissen Pacemakers...Reveal® Implantable Loop Recorder •2 year battery life, small, leadless •Patient activated ECG recording with retro- and prospective ECG

Preventie

• Primair

• Secundair

–Atrium fibrilleren/flutter

• HF < 100 streefwaarde

•ANTISTOLLING !

•HYPERTENSIE behandeling!

Page 63: Hartfalen Ritmestoornissen Pacemakers...Reveal® Implantable Loop Recorder •2 year battery life, small, leadless •Patient activated ECG recording with retro- and prospective ECG

Doel antistolling:

• Preventie van trombo-emboliën.

Jaarlijkse incidentie cerebrale embolus gemiddeld 5 %

Hoe hoger de leeftijd, des te groter het risico.

50 tot 59 jaar: 6,7%

80 tot 89 jaar: 36,2%

Bij reumatisch kleplijden en niet-klepgerelateerd

boezemfibrilleren is het risico 6 X hoger dan bij

vergelijkbare patiënten met sinus ritme.

Page 64: Hartfalen Ritmestoornissen Pacemakers...Reveal® Implantable Loop Recorder •2 year battery life, small, leadless •Patient activated ECG recording with retro- and prospective ECG

Risicostratificatie

• Factoren:

- CVA of TIA in de VG

- Hypertensie

- Diabetes

- Hartfalen

- Leeftijd > 65 jaar ( man > vrouw)

- Hartecho : vergroot LA en of verminderde LV( spontaan contrast)

- (25% van alle patienten met BF heeft deze factoren niet, deze groep

heeft een incidentie van 1 tot 1.5 % per jaar zonder profylaxe)

Page 65: Hartfalen Ritmestoornissen Pacemakers...Reveal® Implantable Loop Recorder •2 year battery life, small, leadless •Patient activated ECG recording with retro- and prospective ECG

Paroxysmaal, Persisterent of

Permanent BF

• Bij aanwezige risicofactoren:

coumarines

Page 66: Hartfalen Ritmestoornissen Pacemakers...Reveal® Implantable Loop Recorder •2 year battery life, small, leadless •Patient activated ECG recording with retro- and prospective ECG

Ventriculaire tachycardie

Ventriculair (breed QRS complex)

Page 67: Hartfalen Ritmestoornissen Pacemakers...Reveal® Implantable Loop Recorder •2 year battery life, small, leadless •Patient activated ECG recording with retro- and prospective ECG

Ventriculaire Tachycardie

• Sustained/Nonsustained (> 4 slagen)

• Meestal bij structurele hartafwijkingen (oud infarct, cardiomyopathie, klepvitium, congenitale afwijking)

• Vaak hemodynamisch matig/slecht verdragen (collaps)

• ALTIJD (Spoed)consult Cardioloog !!!

Page 68: Hartfalen Ritmestoornissen Pacemakers...Reveal® Implantable Loop Recorder •2 year battery life, small, leadless •Patient activated ECG recording with retro- and prospective ECG

Proarrhythmic effects of class I and III drugs

QT-prolongation

Torsade de Pointes

Page 69: Hartfalen Ritmestoornissen Pacemakers...Reveal® Implantable Loop Recorder •2 year battery life, small, leadless •Patient activated ECG recording with retro- and prospective ECG
Page 70: Hartfalen Ritmestoornissen Pacemakers...Reveal® Implantable Loop Recorder •2 year battery life, small, leadless •Patient activated ECG recording with retro- and prospective ECG

Dagelijkse praktijk

• Collaps? -> Cardioloog

• Herkenning

• Te snel of te langzaam?

• Verwijzing?

• Therapie?

• Preventie?

Page 71: Hartfalen Ritmestoornissen Pacemakers...Reveal® Implantable Loop Recorder •2 year battery life, small, leadless •Patient activated ECG recording with retro- and prospective ECG

Collaps

• Bewustzijnsverlies

• Door cardiale of niet-cardiale oorzaak

• Indien cardiaal -> primair ritme

probleem?

– Tachycardie

• AF/VT/VF

– Bradycardie

• Sinus arrest

• AV blok

Page 72: Hartfalen Ritmestoornissen Pacemakers...Reveal® Implantable Loop Recorder •2 year battery life, small, leadless •Patient activated ECG recording with retro- and prospective ECG

Oorzaak collaps

• 90% vasovagaal

• 5% niet-cardiaal

• Resterende 5% cardiaal!!!

– 10% diagnose middels niet-invasieve tests

– 50-60% diagnose middels Reveal recorder

– 30-40% geen recidief collaps

Onbegrepen collaps: ALTIJD VERWIJZING

Page 73: Hartfalen Ritmestoornissen Pacemakers...Reveal® Implantable Loop Recorder •2 year battery life, small, leadless •Patient activated ECG recording with retro- and prospective ECG

Diagnostiek collaps

• Anamnese en lichamelijk onderzoek

• ECG

• Holter

• Echo

• Ergo

• Ritme-observatie

• Event recorder (Reveal®)

Page 74: Hartfalen Ritmestoornissen Pacemakers...Reveal® Implantable Loop Recorder •2 year battery life, small, leadless •Patient activated ECG recording with retro- and prospective ECG

5 cm

+ – ECG

Page 75: Hartfalen Ritmestoornissen Pacemakers...Reveal® Implantable Loop Recorder •2 year battery life, small, leadless •Patient activated ECG recording with retro- and prospective ECG

Reveal® Implantable Loop Recorder

• 2 year battery life, small, leadless

• Patient activated ECG recording with retro- and prospective ECG

• Automatic event recording (brady/tachy triggered)

• No therapeutic effect other than psychologic (placebo?)

• High diagnostic yield (43-88%)1-3

1 Krahn AD, Klein GJ, Yee R, Norrs C. Am J Cardiol. 1998;82(1):117-119. 2 Krahn AD, Klein GJ, Yee R, Skanes AC. Circulation. 2001;104:46-51. 3 Krahn AD, Klein GJ, Yee R, Hoch JS, Skanes AC. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;42(3):495-501.

Page 76: Hartfalen Ritmestoornissen Pacemakers...Reveal® Implantable Loop Recorder •2 year battery life, small, leadless •Patient activated ECG recording with retro- and prospective ECG

‘ECG looping’

T = 0 T = -240

RAM 1-3

complaints

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Page 78: Hartfalen Ritmestoornissen Pacemakers...Reveal® Implantable Loop Recorder •2 year battery life, small, leadless •Patient activated ECG recording with retro- and prospective ECG

Clinical Findings Associated

with Heart Failure

• Patients typically have conduction disturbances,

regional wall motion abnormalities and mitral

regurgitation that impact diastolic filling,

contractility and ultimately cardiac output.

• Sudden cardiac death in patients with heart

failure is often due to arrhythmias.

Page 79: Hartfalen Ritmestoornissen Pacemakers...Reveal® Implantable Loop Recorder •2 year battery life, small, leadless •Patient activated ECG recording with retro- and prospective ECG

Sinus

node

AV

node

Bundle

branch or

diffuse block

Delayed conduction

• Delayed AV sequence

• Mitral regurgitation

• Decreased filling time

• Decreased systolic

LV function

Ventricular activation is delayed

Page 80: Hartfalen Ritmestoornissen Pacemakers...Reveal® Implantable Loop Recorder •2 year battery life, small, leadless •Patient activated ECG recording with retro- and prospective ECG

Resynchronization Therapy

“The use of electrical stimulation to

alter the mechanical pumping function

of the the heart”

in patients with

Left Bundle Branch Block

Or

Ventricular dissynchrony

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Biventriculair pacing systeem

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What can we do with electrical

therapy ?

• Resynchronization through Biventricular

Stimulation:

– Improves electrical and mechanical

Ventricular Synchrony

• ICD Technology:

– Tachycardia Termination

– Defibrillation Therapy

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0

10

20

30

I II III IV

# p

ati

en

ts

0

10

20

30

I II III IV

# p

ati

en

tsNYHA Functional Class

Class

P .0001

N 31

Class

baseline

4 weeks pacing

P .001

4 weeks no pace

4 weeks pacing

N 31

Page 86: Hartfalen Ritmestoornissen Pacemakers...Reveal® Implantable Loop Recorder •2 year battery life, small, leadless •Patient activated ECG recording with retro- and prospective ECG

10

20

30

40

50

60

sc

ore

Quality of Life Questionnaire

baseline 4 weeks 4 weeks

no-pacing 4 weeks

Mean SEM N 28

PACING PACING

P .367 P .001 P .034

Page 87: Hartfalen Ritmestoornissen Pacemakers...Reveal® Implantable Loop Recorder •2 year battery life, small, leadless •Patient activated ECG recording with retro- and prospective ECG

0

5

10

15

20

25

da

ys

of

CH

F h

os

pit

aliza

tio

n

Hospitalization for Heart Failure

Mean SEM N 28

1 Year

Pre-Implant

1 Year

Post-Implant

P < .001

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Pacemaker <> Hartfalen

Page 90: Hartfalen Ritmestoornissen Pacemakers...Reveal® Implantable Loop Recorder •2 year battery life, small, leadless •Patient activated ECG recording with retro- and prospective ECG

CRT pacemaker of ICD?

• EF < 35%

• Non sustained VT’s

• Oud infarct

• Leeftijd

• Bridge to transplant

Page 91: Hartfalen Ritmestoornissen Pacemakers...Reveal® Implantable Loop Recorder •2 year battery life, small, leadless •Patient activated ECG recording with retro- and prospective ECG

CRT in het bedrijf?

• Hartfalen NYHA 2-3

• Verminderde systolische LV functie

• Gedilateerde LV

• Asynchrone contractie LV

• En/of LBTB geleiding op ECG

Potentiële kandidaat voor CRT

Verwijzing cardioloog

Page 92: Hartfalen Ritmestoornissen Pacemakers...Reveal® Implantable Loop Recorder •2 year battery life, small, leadless •Patient activated ECG recording with retro- and prospective ECG

Alternatieve therapie voor HF

Page 93: Hartfalen Ritmestoornissen Pacemakers...Reveal® Implantable Loop Recorder •2 year battery life, small, leadless •Patient activated ECG recording with retro- and prospective ECG
Page 94: Hartfalen Ritmestoornissen Pacemakers...Reveal® Implantable Loop Recorder •2 year battery life, small, leadless •Patient activated ECG recording with retro- and prospective ECG
Page 95: Hartfalen Ritmestoornissen Pacemakers...Reveal® Implantable Loop Recorder •2 year battery life, small, leadless •Patient activated ECG recording with retro- and prospective ECG
Page 96: Hartfalen Ritmestoornissen Pacemakers...Reveal® Implantable Loop Recorder •2 year battery life, small, leadless •Patient activated ECG recording with retro- and prospective ECG
Page 97: Hartfalen Ritmestoornissen Pacemakers...Reveal® Implantable Loop Recorder •2 year battery life, small, leadless •Patient activated ECG recording with retro- and prospective ECG
Page 98: Hartfalen Ritmestoornissen Pacemakers...Reveal® Implantable Loop Recorder •2 year battery life, small, leadless •Patient activated ECG recording with retro- and prospective ECG
Page 99: Hartfalen Ritmestoornissen Pacemakers...Reveal® Implantable Loop Recorder •2 year battery life, small, leadless •Patient activated ECG recording with retro- and prospective ECG
Page 100: Hartfalen Ritmestoornissen Pacemakers...Reveal® Implantable Loop Recorder •2 year battery life, small, leadless •Patient activated ECG recording with retro- and prospective ECG
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Page 102: Hartfalen Ritmestoornissen Pacemakers...Reveal® Implantable Loop Recorder •2 year battery life, small, leadless •Patient activated ECG recording with retro- and prospective ECG
Page 103: Hartfalen Ritmestoornissen Pacemakers...Reveal® Implantable Loop Recorder •2 year battery life, small, leadless •Patient activated ECG recording with retro- and prospective ECG
Page 104: Hartfalen Ritmestoornissen Pacemakers...Reveal® Implantable Loop Recorder •2 year battery life, small, leadless •Patient activated ECG recording with retro- and prospective ECG

30 januari 2000 katz 104

The failing heart as a sick, tired horse

inotropes

vasodilators

betablockers

transplant ??

HeartMate From: A.M. Katz, 2000

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