Harrison - Low Density Materials - Spring Review 2012
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Transcript of Harrison - Low Density Materials - Spring Review 2012
1 DISTRIBUTION A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. 24 February 2012
Integrity Service Excellence
Joycelyn S. Harrison
Program Manager
AFOSR/RSA
Air Force Research Laboratory
Low Density Materials
09 MAR 2012
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2012 AFOSR SPRING REVIEW
NAME: Low Density Materials PORTFOLIO DESCRIPTION : Transformative research targeting advanced materials that enable substantial reductions in system weight with enhancements in performance and function. Research within the portfolio is focused on INCREASING the SPECIFIC PERFORMANCE of aerospace platforms. PORTFOLIO SUB-AREAS: Structural Lightweighting Multifunctionality Hybrid Materials Increased emphasis on forging interdisciplinary teams to address broad-base challenges
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Why Low Density Materials?
If it has structure and rises above the ground, material density is important!
Material density impacts: payload capacity, range, cost,
agility, survivability, environmental impact….
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Increasing Specific Performance in Aerospace Platforms
Specific Performance Performance * r -1
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Polyimide Nanofiber Reinforced Structures
Dr. Yuris Dzenis McBroom Professor
Dr. Stephen Cheng NAE Robert C. Musson Trustees Professor
Dr. Frank W. Harris Distinguished Professor Emeritus
Novel Material Synthesis Incorporating steric hindances and reduced chain periodicity to achieve: - Organo-solubility - Structural rigidity and toughness - High thermal stability
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0
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1500
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3000
0 100 200 300 400
Tou
ghn
ess
(M
Pa)
Fiber Diameter (nm)
Toughness Vs Fiber Diameter
Advanced carbon fiber
Continuous nanofibers electrospun from novel, soluble polyimide
8.7 GPa strength 47% failure strain
2,500 MPA toughness
Nanofiber Reinforced Structures
High Strength, Tough Polyimide Nanofibers
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Ult
imat
e T
en
sile
Str
en
gth
(M
Pa)
Fiber Diameter (nm)
Tensile Strength Vs Fiber Diameter
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Fundamental Challenge: Improving CNT-CNT Load Transfer
Dr. Ben Wang Fellow – IIE, SME, SAMPE
Dr. Richard Liang
Translation of Nanoscale Properties to Macroscale Structures
CNT Bundles
Alignment
Densely Packed, Flattened CNTs
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CNT-CNT Reaction Mechanisms
A. V. Krasheninnikov, K. Nordlund, “Ion and Electron Irradiation-Induced Effects in Nanostructured Materials,” J. Appl. Phys. 107, 071301, 2010
Irradiation-induced Crosslinking of CNTs
Crosslinking MWCNTs via
Covalent Bonds
Fundamental Challenge: CNT-CNT Bonding
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Dr. David Veazie • 2010 AFRL Summer
Faculty Fellow at
AFRL/RW
• National Technical
Achiever of the Year
(AFOSR DURIP 11) Acquisition of a Thermal Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope Nanoparticle Reinforced Resins for Readily Processable, High Temperature, Low Density Composites and Energetic Materials
“The SEM will meet the increasingly stringent requirements of cutting-edge materials technology for fundamental research and the education and research training of students.”
SEM of 0.3 wt% graphite/PETI-298,
confirming the dispersed graphene
Training Tomorrow’s Workforce
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Liquid Phase Processing of CNTs
Polarized light micrograph of 10 mm
CNT/chlorosulfonic acid dispersion
Research in
collaboration
with Teijin Aramids
Dr. Matteo Pasquali
37±3µm
Technology
Transfer
Typical Acid Spun Fiber
Multifunctionality: CNT Fibers
Cryo-TEM CNT/
chlorosulfonic acid dispersion
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LED wired and held by “invisible” CNT fibers
Research in collaboration of Teijin Aramids
• Best electrical conductivity reported for neat CNT fibers • Order of magnitude increase in electrical & thermal conductivity and strength
Multifunctionality Load-bearing + Electrical Conductivity
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0 5 10 15
Tensile
Str
ength
/Density
Electrical conductivity/density (kS m2 / kg)
PAN C fiber
Pitch C fiber
RICE CNT fiber
Ni-coated
PAN C fiber
Steel Aluminum
Copper Nickel Silver
Gold
Mm
2/s
2 o
r N
/Tex
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Dr. Micah Green • 2010 AFOSR Young Investigator Award
1Wajid et al, Carbon, 2012
Stabilizers:
PVP π-π stackers
Non-covalent functionalization of graphene in solution
Dispersions are stable against pH changes, heat, lyophilization
GRAPHITE
STATUS QUO: OXIDATION
GRAPHENE OXIDE
OUR METHOD: NON-COVALENT
STABILIZATION1
PRISTINE GRAPHENE
Disadvantage: Insulating, oxidative debris
Advantages: Retains conductivity,
stabilizer can be tailored to application
Physisorption of PVP on graphene surface guarantees excellent interfacial load transfer1
Enabling Multifunctionality: Graphene Nanocomposites
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Carbon
nanotubes
Boron nitride
nanotubes
Mechanical
Properties
1.33 TPa
1.18 TPa
Electrical
Properties
Metallic or
semiconducting
Semiconducting
(~ 5.5 eV band
gap)
Polarity
No net dipole
Permanent
dipole
Piezoelectric
(0.25-0.4 C/m2)
Neutron
Scattering
cross-section
C = 0.0035 B = 767 (B10
~3800)
N = 1.9
Thermal
Oxidative
Stability
Stable to
300 – 400 C in
air
Stable to
800 C in air
BNNT Multifunctionality
BNNT
CNT
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Single Tube Nanomechanics
Nanotube Outer Diameter (nm)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Eff
ec
tive
Ra
dia
l E
las
tic
Mo
du
lus
(G
Pa
)
0
20
40
60
Boron Nitride Nanotube
Carbon Nanotube
single-wall
double-wall
triple-wall
BNNTs have 40-60% lower effective radial elastic modulus than comparable CNTs
Tensile Test
Single tube pull-out test
Peel Test
Dr. Changhong Ke 2010 AFOSR Young Investigator Award
1st report of radial deformability of BNNT
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Multifunctionality Load-bearing + Actuation
SWCNT film electrodes
BNNT active layer
-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0
0.0000
0.0001
0.0002
0.0003
0.0004
0.0005
PE+ES Strain
PE Strain
ES Strain
In-P
lan
e S
tra
in (
mm
/mm
)
Electric Field (MV/m)e33 = d33·E + M33·E2 + … Field induced strain (e33)
1st experimental observation of electrostrictive strain in BNNT
Dr. Cheol Park
Prof. Alex Zettl Fellow - APS
Theoretical Prediction of Net Polarization
Electric Field (MV/m)
In-P
lan
e S
trai
n (
mm
/mm
)
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Multifunctionality Load-bearing + Radiation Shielding
Neutron Shielding UV Shielding
Shielding Effectiveness of BNNT exceeds h-BN on weight basis
LD
PE
30 w
t% B
N P
ow
der
5 w
t% B
NN
T
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0 30 wt% (Projected)
Absorp
tion C
oeffic
ient (m
) [m
m-1]
(Shie
ldin
g E
ffectiveness)
LDPE h-BN BNNT
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1D Carbon
Nanotubes
2D Graphene
Nanostructured Carbon
0D Fullerene
3D
?
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MURI 11 Topic: Nanofabrication of 3D Nanotube Architectures
Objective: Controlled assembly and atomic-scale bonding of nanoscale elements (e.g. carbon nanotubes and graphene), leading to network structures with exceptional 3D thermo-electro-mechanical properties
Multi-Path Synthesis and Assembly
Multiscale-Multiphysics Design - density function theory - molecular dynamics (MD) - mesoscale/continuum models - finite element
Multiscale Characterization - atomic scale structure - node integrity - mechanical properties - electron & phonon transport
- doping-induced branching - metal nanoparticle-induced branching - atomic nanotube welders Multifunctional
Structural Materials
Morphing & Actuation Devices
Energy Conversion &
Storage
Electronic & Sensor Devices
Thermal Management
Materials
Materials Enabling Future Aerospace Needs
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Synthesis and Characterization of 3D Carbon
Nanotube Solid Networks, Rice U. MURI Team
Multidisciplinary, Collaborative Team
Pulickel M. Ajayan, PI
Synthesis, characterization,
mechanical, electrochemical,
thermal properties
James Tour
Synthesis, chemistry,
devices, electrical properties
Matteo Pasquali
Solvent processing, rheology,
fibers, mechanical properties
Boris Yakobson
Ab-initio modeling, simulations,
structure-property correlations,
thermo-mechanical properties
Ray Baughman
Synthesis, fiber spinning,
mechanical, thermo-mechanical,
electro-mechanical properties
Mauricio Terrones
Synthesis, chemical processing,
atomic scale characterization,
structure modeling
Jonghwan Suhr
Synthesis, modeling,
thermo-mechanical behavior,
viscoelastic properties,
composites
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Nanofabrication of 3D Nanotube Architectures
Case Western Reserve U., MURI Team
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Hybrid Materials Design
Design the structure based on limitations of
the material
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Hybrid Materials Design
Dis
cip
lin
e
M
ate
ria
ls S
cie
nc
e
Ph
ys
ics
C
he
mis
try
E
ng
ine
eri
ng
pm nm µm mm
Length Scale
Electronic
Atomistic
Micro
Macro
Materials Modeling Hierarchy
*Slide created by Dr. Tim Brietzman, ARFL/RXBC
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Dr. Tim Breitzman AFRL/RXBC
Dr. Rajiv Berry AFRL/RXBN
Dr. Jim Moller
Connecting Atomistic & Microscale Behaviors -- Essential for Materials Design
Polymer network
breakdown
0
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Str
es
s (
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a)
Strain
Stress History
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Step
Number of scissions
Molecular representation of epoxy resin and mapping of nanoscale voids due to bond scission
Hybrid Materials Design
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Prof. Reinhold
Dauskardt Fellow – ACerS, ASM
ICMSE Hybrid Materials Design
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AFOSR/NSF Joint Research Solicitation
2011 Basic Research Initiative
• Packaging/Deploying Control Surfaces Satellites Solar sails Precision air drop Tube launched systems
• Mechanisms Compliant mechanisms
Actuators
Advance understanding of folding and unfolding of materials structures across scales for design of engineered systems
ODISSEI: Origami Design for Integration of Self-assembling Systems for Engineering Innovation
• Materials Hierarchial materials design Atomistic assembly Active/tunable materials
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Research Community Leadership DOD COMMUNITY
INTERNATIONAL
AFOSR
Low Density
Materials
RX, RV, RW LRIRs, STTRs,
MURIs, Workshops,
Reviews, Visits Lightweight Structures
Nanostructured Materials
AFRL DIRECTORATES
OTHER AGENCIES
Origami Engineering
US-India Tunable Materials Forum
US-AFRICA Initiative
Reliance 21 Board Materials and Processing COI
29 DISTRIBUTION A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
Dr. Marilyn Minus
Dr. Markus J. Buehler
Dr. Henry Sodano
Dr. Ashlie Martini
Dr. Jeff Youngblood
Dr. Robert Moon Dr. Olesya Zhupanska 2011 DARPA Young Faculty
Acknowledgements
Dr. Satish Kumar
Dr. Brandon Arritt
AFRL/RV
Dr. Ryan Justice AFRL/RX
Dr. Benji Marayama AFRL/RX
Dr. Chris Muratore AFRL/RX
Dr. Rajesh Naik AFRL/RX
Dr. Sharmila Mukhopadhyay
Dr. James Seferis GloCal Network Corp.
Dr. Samit Roy Dr. Kishore Pochiaju
Dr. Greg Odegard
Dr. Mesfin Tsige
Dr. Soumya Patnaik AFRL/RX
Dr. Ajit Roy AFRL/RX
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