Harnessing natural capital to deliver blue growth · Harnessing natural capital to deliver blue ......
Transcript of Harnessing natural capital to deliver blue growth · Harnessing natural capital to deliver blue ......
Harnessing
natural capital
to deliver blue
growth
Lessons learned from the Ecosystem Approach
The Ecosystem Approach
Image: Laurence Mee
A resource planning and
management approach that
recognizes the connections
between land, air, water and
all living things, including
people, their activities and institutions.
Definition from the KnowSeas project team
Wea
ther
and
clim
ate
Sou
rce
of fo
od
For i
ts s
cene
ry
Edu
catio
n an
d sc
ienc
e
Trad
e an
d sh
ippi
ng
Pro
duce
r of e
nerg
y
Rec
reat
ion
& to
urism
Cultu
re a
nd id
entit
yEm
ploy
men
tFo
r cre
ativity
UK
Germany
Poland
France
ItalySpain
Portugal
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
Importance to respondent for...
UK
Germany
Poland
France
Italy
Spain
Portugal
Values and worldviews
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000
France
UK
USA
Mexico
India
World Total
GDP Growth in Developed and
Developing Countries, 1900-2006
Based on data from Prof. Angus Maddison, 2008
GDP Per capita (1990 Int. GK$)
Economic sectors
Households & their welfare
Individual use of Landscape, Biodiversity etc
Manufactured or processed goods and services. Salaries of sector workers
Goods and services used by sector
NON MARKET
MARKET
Labour and money to purchase goods
Idealised capital flows Natural
capital
Basic ecosystem services
Economic sectors
Households & their welfare
Individual use of Landscape, Biodiversity etc
Goods and services used by sector
TRADE OFFS
Labour and money to purchase goods
Manufactured or processed goods and services. Salaries of sector workers
Real capital flows Natural capital
Basic ecosystem services
Comple-mentary factors of production
Services used but not entering into the market (waste, externalities, etc)
Economic sectors
Households & their welfare
Individual use of Landscape, Biodiversity etc
Governance
Levies, fees, fines
Compen-sation
Taxes, fees
Subsid-ies
TRADE OFFS
Labour and money to purchase goods
Manufactured or processed goods and services. Salaries of sector workers
Goods and services used by sector
Services used but not entering into the market (waste, externalities, etc)
Conventional market regulation
Natural capital
Basic ecosystem services
Comple-mentary factors of production
Economic sectors
Households & their welfare
Individual use of Landscape, Biodiversity etc
Labour and money to purchase goods
Governance
Levies, fees, fines
Compen-sation
Taxes, fees
Subsid-ies
TRADE OFFS Informal
voluntary measures
Voluntary measures other than reduction of use of G & S
Conservation
Manufactured or processed goods and services. Salaries of sector workers
Goods and services used by sector
Return flows to natural capital Natural
capital
Basic ecosystem services
Comple-mentary factors of production
Services used but not entering into the market (waste, externalities, etc)
Economic sectors
Households & their welfare
Individual use of Landscape, Biodiversity etc
Labour and money to purchase goods
Governance
Levies, fees, fines
Compen-sation
Taxes, fees
Subsid-ies
TRADE OFFS Informal
voluntary measures
Voluntary measures other than reduction of use of G & S
Conservation
Manufactured or processed goods and services. Salaries of sector workers
Goods and services used by sector
Regulatory pressure points Natural
capital
Basic ecosystem services
Comple-mentary factors of production
Services used but not entering into the market (waste, externalities, etc)
Economic sectors
Households & their welfare
Individual use of Landscape, Biodiversity etc
Labour and money to purchase goods
Governance
Levies, fees, fines
Compen-sation
Taxes, fees
Subsid-ies
TRADE OFFS Informal
voluntary measures
Conservation
Manufactured or processed goods and services. Salaries of sector workers
What happens to the waste?
Lost from the system
Recycled (not always in original form)
Natural capital
Basic ecosystem services
Comple-mentary factors of production
Fishery sector Households & their welfare
Angling
Fish and fish products. Salaries of sector workers
Catch
Ecosystem damage Ghost fishing Pollution
Governance
Levies, fees, fines
Taxes, fees
Subsid-ies
TRADE OFFS Restocking
Voluntary conser-vation
Conservation
Labour and money to purchase goods
Capture fisheries sector Marine
ecosystem
Sustainable catch (MSY)
By catch Discards By catch Discards
Energy, vessels, equipment etc
Fishery sector Households & their welfare
Angling
Fish and fish products. Salaries of sector workers
Catch
Ecosystem damage Ghost fishing Pollution
Governance
Levies, fees, fines
Taxes, fees
Subsid-ies
TRADE OFFS Restocking
Voluntary conser-vation
Conservation
Labour and money to purchase goods
Capture fisheries sector Marine
ecosystem
Sustainable catch (MSY)
By catch Discards By catch Discards
Energy, vessels, equipment etc
1.3 million tons/yr (13% total catch)
56% of Europe’s catch value
Only 0.38% of
Europe’s total sea
area in 2008
Stocks in danger of
collapse rose from 7% in
1970 to 48% in 2000
Up to 21% of England and Wales sea floor
disturbed
Adaptive management
Management across
multiple spatial and
temporal scales
Stepping stones
to a sustainable
future
Learning by doing
Statutory Periodic Assessment
•State of the marine environment
• Pressures and their human causes
• Institutions, laws, policies, economic
instruments
Baseline
studies
Methods
ASSESSMENT
Statutory Periodic Assessment
•State of the marine environment
• Pressures and their human causes
• Institutions, laws, policies, economic
instruments
A measureable
aspirational goal for
the future
Baseline
studies
Methods
Emerging
Issues
SETTING THE VISION
Statutory Periodic Assessment
•State of the marine environment
• Pressures and their human causes
• Institutions, laws, policies, economic
instruments
EU Marine Strategy
DirectiveGood Environmental
Status (2020)
Baseline
studies
Methods
Emerging
Issues
SETTING THE VISION
Statutory Periodic Assessment
•State of the marine environment
• Pressures and their human causes
• Institutions, laws, policies, economic
instruments
EU Marine Strategy
DirectiveGood Environmental
Status (2020)
Baseline
studies
Regional/National Policy
Environmental targets
Spatial planning
Methods
Emerging
Issues
DEFINING THE FIRST STEP
Statutory Periodic Assessment
•State of the marine environment
• Pressures and their human causes
• Institutions, laws, policies, economic
instruments
EU Marine Strategy
DirectiveGood Environmental
Status (2020)
Baseline
studies
Regional/National Policy
Environmental targets
Spatial planning
Robust quantitative
system state indicators
to measure impact
Operational indicators:
process, pressures,
societal & governance
Methods
Emerging
Issues
NECESSARY INDICATORS
Statutory Periodic Assessment
•State of the marine environment
• Pressures and their human causes
• Institutions, laws, policies, economic
instruments
EU Marine Strategy
DirectiveGood Environmental
Status (2020)
Regular monitoring (all indicators)
Baseline
studies
Robust quantitative
system state indicators
to measure impact
Operational indicators:
process, pressures,
societal & governance
Methods
Emerging
Issues
Regional/National Policy
Environmental targets
Spatial planning
MONITORING IS ESSENTIAL
Statutory Periodic Assessment
•State of the marine environment
• Pressures and their human causes
• Institutions, laws, policies, economic
instruments
EU Marine Strategy
DirectiveGood Environmental
Status (2020)
Regular monitoring (all indicators)
Baseline
studies
Regulations and compliance
Fast feedback
loop
Robust quantitative
system state indicators
to measure impact
Operational indicators:
process, pressures,
societal & governance
Methods
Emerging
Issues
Regional/National Policy
Environmental targets
Spatial planning
COMPLIANCE AND FEEDBACK
Statutory Periodic Assessment
•State of the marine environment
• Pressures and their human causes
• Institutions, laws, policies, economic
instruments
EU Marine Strategy
DirectiveGood Environmental
Status (2020)
Regular monitoring (all indicators)
Baseline
studies
Regulations and compliance
Slow
feedback
loop
Status and trends
Fast feedback
loop
Robust quantitative
system state indicators
to measure impact
Operational indicators:
process, pressures,
societal & governance
Methods
Emerging
Issues
Regional/National Policy
Environmental targets
Spatial planning
PROGRESS TOWARDS THE VISION
Liv erpool Bay has numerous activ ities operating within this small area
of the Irish Sea. Not only is it protected f or its conserv ation f eatures
and hosts protected wreck sites, it also supports a wealth of marine
industries utilising a small sea space. The inset map shows legally
permitted windf arm dev elopments, shipping, dredging and dredged-
material disposal sites, oil and gas dev elopments, pipelines and
cables and aggregate extraction, with f urther legislativ e controls
on activ ities by the MOD, recreational by elaws, port and harbour
by elaws and sea f isheries protection measures.
Legally Permitted Activities within the Irish Sea
Fishery Protected Areas
EU Fishery Protected Areas
Bass Nursery Areas
By elaws
Fishery Order
(Ministerial & Regulating)
Conserv ation Designations
SACs
SPAs
MNRs
AoSPs (IOM)
SSSI/ASSIs
Ministry of Def ence
MOD Controlled Areas
MOD Danger Areas
Submarine Exercise Areas
Windf arm Dev elopments
Round 1 & Round 2 Sites
Windf arm Exclusion Zones
DTI Renewable Exclusion Zone (unlegislated)
Recreation
Pleasure Boat Exclusion Zone
Pleasure Boat Speed Restrictions
Archaeology
Protected Wrecks
Oil & Gas
Hy drocarbon Field
Areas under Licence
Surf ace Installations
Wells
Ports & Harbours
Harbour Jurisdictions
Dredging
Disposal Sites
Dredged Sites (Capital & Maintenance)
Shipping Measures
Traf f ic Separation Schemes
Areas to be Av oided
High Speed Craf t
Laden Tanker Instructions
Major Shipping Routes (unlegislated)
Aggregate Extraction
Licensed Extraction Areas
Activ e Extraction Areas
Applications
Submarine Cables & Pipelines
Cables
Oil & Gas Pipeline
The challenge of cumulative impacts
From the Irish Sea
Pilot study, 2005.
Source: WWF 2010
Decision space analysis
Terrestrial
Lo
cal in
sho
re
Natio
nal
EE
Z
Trans-
bo
un
dary
Reg
ion
al S
eas
EU
Wid
e
Glo
bal
Within one year
Within 1
political term (5 yrs)
Before 2020
(Target for GEnS)
By 2050
MSFD National WFD
Driver policies
Terrestrial
Lo
cal in
sho
re
Natio
nal
EE
Z
Trans-
bo
un
dary
Reg
ion
al S
eas
EU
Wid
e
Glo
bal
Within one year
Within 1
political term (5 yrs)
Before 2020
(Target for GEnS)
By 2050 CAP CFP
IMP
Implementation cycles and policies
Terrestrial
Lo
cal in
sho
re
Natio
nal
EE
Z
Trans-
bo
un
dary
Reg
ion
al S
eas
EU
Wid
e
Glo
bal
Within one year
Within 1
political term (5 yrs)
Before 2020
(Target for GEnS)
By 2050
MSFD
WFD
Implementation cycles and policies
Terrestrial
Lo
cal in
sho
re
Natio
nal
EE
Z
Trans-
bo
un
dary
Reg
ion
al S
eas
EU
Wid
e
Glo
bal
Within one year
Within 1
political term (5 yrs)
Before 2020
(Target for GEnS)
By 2050
MSFD
WFD
CAP CFP
IMP
Spatial planning in national waters
Terrestrial
Lo
cal in
sho
re
Natio
nal
EE
Z
Trans-
bo
un
dary
Reg
ion
al S
eas
EU
Wid
e
Glo
bal
Within one year
Within 1
political term (5 yrs)
Before 2020
(Target for GEnS)
By 2050
MSFD
WFD
CAP CFP Potential Conflict with CFP
IMP
Assumes 25 year national MSPs for the nearshore and shelf environments
Complications for oil and gas development
Challenges and uncertainties
• Building and sustaining maritime coastal communities
• Long and short term costs and benefits • Setting a socially acceptable vision • Smarter, minimum impact competitive
technologies • Planning the unknown and unmapped • Dealing with cumulative impacts • Conservation: A moving target with
climate change
• Sustaining productive seas
Key future roles for science
• Understanding ecosystem services • A smart(er) observation system • New ways of mapping the seas • Understanding how ecosystems work and
their natural cycles • Measuring and modelling the
consequences of global change • Measuring multiple impacts and
developing meaningful indicators • Developing smarter technologies • Improving knowledge of the connections
between humans and the sea • Visioning the future – horizon scanning
and scenarios
• Devising and comparing options for sustainable use and conservation