Harness IT: Seeking Transformation in the Philippines
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Transcript of Harness IT: Seeking Transformation in the Philippines
National Strategies to Harness
Information Technology: Seeking
Transformation in the Philippines
Nagy K. Hanna, Peter T. Knight 2011Springer Science & Business Media
DM 218 Information Technology Management
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) have become commonplace entities in all aspects of life. Across the past twenty years the use of ICT has fundamentally changed the practices and procedures of nearly all forms of Endeavour within business and governance
Syed Noor-Ul-Amin (2013)
The Philippines:
The Quest for
Genuine
e-Development
Sherwin E. Ona, Estefante Ulit and Nagy K. Hanna (2011)
Objective• Analyze recent and ongoing efforts to break antidevelopment
cycle by harnessing ICT• Review of selected on-going Philippine ICT for development
initiatives as traditional – disjointed, unsustainable, and short-term oriented.
• Provide an overview of the socioeconomic development thrust from 1986-2010
• The evolving ICT in the Philippine’s successive development strategies.
• Analyzes the Philippine national ICT strategies, e-policies, ICT institution, the selected public sector led ICT4D
• The role of the private sector in supporting the ICT industries.
• Finally, it reviews encouraging development in the private sector led cyber services, telecommunications, and semiconductor manufacturing industries
After more than a 100 years of
independence and its outstanding growth
performance during the 1950s and 1960s, the
Philippines has been regarded as a perennial
laggard. – unable to achieve sustained growth,
thus, earning the label of an “ antidevelopment
state”. The country has been faces numerous
development challenges.
Ona, et al (2011)
The Philippines as being at a critical point in its
history, facing the choice of either continuing the
“traditional” approaches or adopting a transformational
approach for ICT role in national development. Although
the ongoing ICT revolution holds much promise, realizing
the fruits remains a daunting challenge for the
Philippines. Citing the need to break the
antidevelopment cycle, there is a need for the
Philippines to adopt an e-transformation perspective and
consider ICT’s transformational role, it is believe that this
perspective can help policy makers chart a path toward
genuine e-development.
Breaking the Antidevelopment Cycle
As early as 1990 the Philippines
development plan reflected a strong
recognition of ICT as an enabler of
productivity and economic growth.
Role of ICT in National Development
This recognition was further advanced through
the supplemental plan as reflected in the National IT
Agenda 21 (1977), the e-Philippines Strategy 2000
and Strategic ICT Roadmap (2006) and in efforts to
enhance ICT Institutions.
From a merely a computer center in the late
1970s, the National IT and E-Commerce Promotion
Councils were created in 1994, and 1998
respectively. These two councils were later merged
in 2000 into the IT and E-commerce Council
(ITECC). Responding to the global trend toward
convergence of communication and information
technology, the Philippines recognized the need to
give prominence and authority to ITECC by
creating a presidential commission
http://www.itecc.gov.ph/
Profile of a Digital Filipino
There were 2.5 million subscribers for the 488
National Telecommunications Commission (NTCC)
registered Internet Service Providers (ISP) in 2009,
accounting for only 3% off the total population (dela Pena,
2009). However, Yahoo, estimates that 16% of the
Philippine population is browsing and using the internet.
This has been facilitated by a remarkable rise in the
number of internet cafes, Community e-centers, and
other public access points where users who can not
afford subscription fees off the ISPs in the country can
still access the internet.
A majority of Filipino internauts rely on
internet cafes for internet connectivity, as well
as those who go to school and work online.
These declines maybe compensated by the
increase of internet access at home by 4%.
Furthermore, there is noticeable rise in the
percentage of Filipinos who use mobile devices
to connect to the internet, from 0 - 58%. Those
who used mobile devices for internet access
have sending/reading instant messages and
emails as their on top online activities.
The widespread utilization
of mobile phones is another
feature of the Philippine feature
of the Philippines digital
societies. There are currently 90
million mobile subscribers with
the mobile penetration rate of
96% for the total population
(Mendez, et all, 2007). This
consequently results in heavy
usage of short messaging
service (SMS) by Filipinos led to
the Philippines as texting capital
of the world.Tan, 2015
• By 2001, the Commission on Information and Communication Technology (CICT) replaces ITECC.
• Plans were also accompanied by laws and policies to promote the use of ICT on enable agriculture and fisheries modernization, promote good governance through the LGCC, the automated election and poverty alleviation laws, enhance human security and anti-pornography laws
Summary of Development Initiatives from 1986 to 2010
Administration MTDA Enacted laws
on
Development
and ICT
Strategic ICT
Policies
Aquino (1986-
1992)
Restoration of
democracy;
Increase rural
productivity;
Emphasis on
social equity thru
land reform;
Comprehensive
Agrarian Reform
Law;
Local
Government
Code (LGC) of
1991
Administrative
guidance for the
use of ICT in
improving
delivery of
government
services
Administration MTDA Enacted laws on
Development and ICT
Strategic ICT
Policies
Ramos (1992-
1988)
Philippine
reform;
Agriculture and
Fisheries
Modernization Act (RA
8435);
Social Reform and
Poverty Alleviation law;
Public
Telecommunication Act
National IT
Plan
Estrada (1998-
2010
Angat Pinoy
2004
addressing
needs of the
poorest of
the poor
E-Commerce
(RA 8792)
E-Philippine
strategy
creation of the
ITECCC
Administr
ation
MTDA Enacted laws
on
Development
and ICT
Strategic ICT
Policies
Arroyo
2001-2010
Beat the Odds
Sustained
Economic
Growth;
Increase
economic
Competitiven
eness
Human Security
Act (RA 9372)
Anti-child
Pornography Act
(RA 9775)
Election
Modernization
Act
E-P
Strategic ICT
Roadmap
Creation of
CITC
Overview of the Current Initiatives
• How ICT is being used to achieve sustained economic growth.
• A snapshoot of digital Filipino and their ICT enabled society
• Provide an overview of the various ICT related government-led responses to break the antidevelopment cycle
Initially computers were used to
teach computer programming but the
development of the microprocessor in
the early 1970s saw the introduction of
affordable microcomputers into schools
at a rapid rate. Computers and
applications of technology became
more pervasive in society which led to a
concern about the need for computing
skills in everyday life.Helena T. Agbajor, E.E. Asamaigo, A. Anigala - 2014
The 1990s was the decade of computer
communications and information access, particularly with
the popularity and accessibility of internet-based services
such as electronic mail and the World Wide Web (WWW).
With the world moving rapidly into digital
media and information, the role of ICT in
education is becoming more and more
important and this importance will continue to
grow and develop in the 21st century.
The Philippine Quest for
Genuine e-DevelopmentProposed e-policies (legislative bills)
Creation of DICT Cyber-security bill E-Government bill FOI bill
Proposes the creation of an executive department focusing on ICT, basically calling for the merging of government ICT functions and units
Seen as a factor in creating a more stable ICT environment and at the same time providing more legal basis for law enforcement agencies to prosecute cyber criminals
Provides frameworks and models for the procurement and development of ICT for the purpose of dispensing government services and employing good governance
Require government agencies to releasepertinent information on its transactions upon request off citizens and concerned groups and penalized government officials for most adhering to its transparency statutes.
ICT4D Projects in the Philippines
Category ICT Application Number of
Projects
Political/Governance
/empowerment
e-Government
e-governance
277
Economic/livelihood e-Business
e-Employment
e-Agriculture
44
1
245
Social/education e-Learning
e-Health
e-Environment
129
23
32
Infrastructure /access E-Science 59
Source: Tiglao and Alampay (2005)
In an effort to make government more
accessible to its constituents, the office off
the President initiated the creation of the
Philippine government (http//www.gov.ph)
• E-Governance was defined by kasubiene (2007)
Farhan and Sanderson (2009) as the process
and structures pertinent to electronic delivering
of government services to the public.
• Is a relevant to government processes in the use
of ICT by the government agencies for
transforming relations with citizens, businesses,
government employees and other arms of
government in the delivery of services (Lallana,
Pascual, Soriano (2002).
Website was defined by Parajuli
(2007) as a virtual location used by any
government organization having a unique
uniform resource locator catering the need
of all the intended users by providing
information through multi media
components. Among the top technologies
being implemented by e-Government ,
websites ranked 1st (Steins, 2002).
With government websites, forms and
transactions became widely accessible in
the sense that tracking one’s application
are being made possible in the easiest
manner (Kaltra and Verna (2005). The use
of websites in government service reinforce
the governments’ commitment to thrive
electronically and add new dimensions to
the ways of the government in delivering
physical delivery of its services.
• E-government projects are monitored and integrated by DOST. There is a CIO Forum where CIO from government and private sectors can share their experience about ICT development, current trend or issues. CIOF is the government organization that promote the strategic and wider use of ICT
Source: T. Obi, N. Iwasaki (2015)
The development ranking of Philippines in the world e-Government is 78.
Kokula Krishna hari K , Saikishore Elangovan - 2014
Rank Country e-Government readiness index
1 Singapore 0.746 2 South Korea 0.744 3
Japan 0.693 4 Philippines 0.574 5
Indrajit Banerjee (2007)
On line Servicese-Procurement portal of the Philippines is
managed by DBM in accordance with Government Act of 2003. All government institutions are requested to use the portal for their publication and announcements
Source: T. Obi, N. Iwasaki (2015)
E-Tax System
The system offers various services related to taxation for the citizens including business enterprises. There are full set of tax documents that could be downloaded by citizens
Source: T. Obi, N. Iwasaki (2015)
E-Customs
Source: T. Obi, N. Iwasaki (2015)
facilities to monitor the process of
trading from checking the
documents to releasing of goods.
The trader could predict the time
needed for this processes. This
enable the trader to minimize the
cost, thus, illegal payment in the
customs processes.
E-Participation
To engage public participation using ICT,
most of government portals in the Philippines
use the popular social media such as twitter
and face book. Email, forum, newsletter are the
model that has been implemented in some
government portal prior to the social media
booming.
Source: T. Obi, N. Iwasaki (2015)
E-Health
The application of surveillance of diseases and injuries. There is greater demand for efficiencies and high expectations from the DOH to deliver quality care, services and outcomes (DOH, 2013).
The application of E-
health in the Philippines has
continuously advanced and
yielded considerable
benefits to an individual and
public health. ICTT has
been used to improve the
timeliness and accuracy of
health reporting to facilities
monitoring and
Tan, 2013
Its programmed includes:
• Capacity building and policy advice for the use of technologies in education, particularly in emerging domains such as mobile learning
• Ensuring that teachers have the skills necessary to use ICTs in all aspects of their professional practice through tools such as the ICT Competency Framework for Teachers (ICT CFT)
• Supporting the use and development of multilingual educational resources and software which are available for use and re-use as a result of open licenses (open educational resources – OER; free and open source software – FOSS)
• Promoting ICTs for inclusive education, including for persons with disabilities and gender equality
• Collecting statistics and developing indicators on the use of ICTs in education
• Providing policy support to ensure that the potential of ICTs are harnessed effectively throughout the education system
ICT in Education
http://en.unesco.org/themes/ict-education
ICT in Education
• Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) play an increasingly important role in the way we communicate, learn and live.
• The challenge is to effectively harness these technologies in a way that serves the interests of learners and the larger teaching/learning community
Cyber Security
It is based on UNICITRAL Model Law 3 of
electronic documents or messages into
evidence, the onus of proof in providing an
electronic document has not been tampered
with, and other procedural matters relating to
using electronic data as evidence (WIPO, 2014)
The Philippines passed the e-
Commerce Act in 2000. This Act has
been complemented by
administrative orders in areas such
as electronic evidence, e-consumer
protection, digital signature, e-
banking, e-payment in government
2014 UN e-
Government
Ranking
1 Korea
2 Australia
3 Singapore
4 France
5 Netherlands
6 Japan
7 USA
8 UK
9 New Zealand
10 Finland
Source: T. Obi, N. Iwasaki (2015)
E-Government
Development Index (EGDI)
very high EGDI” with index values in the
range of 0.75 to 1.00
Job Generation and Revenue
Growth in the Philippine Cyber
ServicesCyber services sector 2005 2006 2010
Customer contact 112,000 179,200 506,500
Back Office 22,500 40,500 337,000
Software development 12,000 15,600 44,600
Medical transcription 5,500 13,800 114,700
Animation 4,500 6,800 24,400
Others 6,750 10,100 55,600
Total 163,250 266,000 1,082,800
Revenue (US$ M) 2.184 3.484 12.793
Source: Asia e-Government Forum (2008)
By staggering 384% (Sept, 2010). The Philippine
semiconductor sector supplies 10% of the world’s
semiconductor manufacturing services, prospects for
growth seem to be bright. SEIPI projects that by 2016
the total investments in the sector will total to US $ 50
Million
National Telecommunications Commission
As an attached agency of the
Department of Transportation and
Communications (DOTC), the NTC is a
regulatory agency providing an environment
that ensures reliable, affordable and viable
infrastructure and ICT services accessible
to all (NTC,2005). In general, the creation
of national ICT strategies throughout the
years has been characterized as a multi-
sect oral/multi-stakeholder effort.
Government was cognizant of the crucial
role of the private sector and civil society in
the crafting of national ICT strategies.
Department of Trade and Industry
The Department’s effort to promote entrepreneurship
and export development endeavor to provide an ICT
enabled environment to promote local products and
services. DTI is also the agency tasked to manage ICT
parks and the Philippine Export Development Council,
which identifies ICT services as one of its priority exports
(Dela Pena, et al, 2009).
The DTI’s main role is to contribute to the
country’s goal of achieving economic growth
towards poverty reduction. The department’s
mandate calls for the expansion of Philippine
exports, increase in investments and the
development and promotion of the country’s
micro, small, and medium enterprises (DTI,
2008).
With the Philippine being recognized as a
leading provider of cyber-services and semi
conductor manufacturing, DTI is actively
partnering with private sector organizations such
as Business Processing association of the
Philippines, (the Philippine Software Industry
Association), the Animation Council of the
Philippines Inc., and Semiconductor and
Electronics Industries in the Philippines, Inc.
(DTI, 2008)
Commission on Information and
Communications Technology
Recognizing the need to harness ICT
and coordinate private and public sector initiatives, the
government created a national IT Council (1994) and an
E-Commerce Promotion Council (1998). The global
trend toward convergence of IT and telecommunications
systems presented a new challenge for the Philippines.
As a result, a merger of the councils took place in 2000
and the CICT was created in 2001. Consequently, the
national computer Center (NCC) and
Telecommunications Office were placed under the
administrative supervision of CICT.
CICT is now the primary government agency tasked to
oversee planning, policy directions, program
coordination and implementation of ICT related
endeavors in the Philippines. Recognizing the need
for leadership in pushing for an expanded role for ICT
in the country’s development agenda, CICT was
placed directly under the Office off the President,
republic of the Philippines.
The commission was mandated to push the e-
Philippines strategy by providing ICT infrastructure
and resources or nation building and global
competitiveness, promoting the use of ICTs in
different sectors, creating a policy and legal
environment to benefit various ICT stakeholders,
guaranteeing
The Philippines has created a variety
of institutions to lead the development
and implementation of national ICT
policies and strategies. However, no
formal assessment has been made of
ICT leadership institution or their
capacities, nor their interactions, among
themselves and with other political and
economic institutions.
Lacking such assessments, we can draw
broad characterizations, without pinpointing the
underlying factors contributing to current
performance. It appears that the sum is less
than the parts. Roles, responsibilities and
programs tend to overlap, and are not
strategically and synergistically managed.
Accountability for performance remains weak.
Moreover these institution suffer from common
civil service constraints that hinder their ability to
compete with the private sector in this dynamic
sector and to attract highly skilled staff.
Human capital development was
considered an important pillar of the
roadmap. Through the national ICTT
Competency Standards (NICS), the
roadmap initially targeted public school
teachers in the basic and primary
education levels. The roadmap also
outlined initiatives to promote cooperation
with other government agencies especially
the DepEd and TESDA for vocational
training.
Pushing for New National ICT
Strategy (2011-2015)
The revised ICT roadmap,
renamed as PDS which is
focusing on four ICT subthemes:
Human Capital development, e-
government, infrastructure, and
cyber-services. The PDS is
expected to chart ICT’s
development in the Philippines up
to 2016. It adheres to the overall
theme of digital inclusion right
down to the barangay level.
More is yet to Come?
Can the Philippines expect more growth to come
from its ICT industry? Multinational vendors are
progressively expanding to reach markets in Cebu and
Davao. As we from ICT products for the consumer
market, vendors are also exploring cloud computing
service opportunities in the Philippines, particularly for
document management system and web security The
increase in the demand for hardware is driven by the
growth in the BPO sector as well ass the promulgation
of government initiatives which require computer
hardware resources (Companiesandmarkets.com, 2010).
Indeed, we can expect robust growth in the
Philippine ICT industry in the years to come.
Even though it has a yet to become an
effective user of ICT for improving services for the
poor and the economy at large. National ICT
strategies have continued to evolve, initially
focusing on opening the monopolized
telecommunications industry and the
creation/diffusion of ICT enabled services to
develop a robust ICT market. Subsequent national
ICT priorities have progressed toward improving
the quality of life through he creation of a more
digitally inclusive society and reform oriented use
of ICT in governance.
Enacted laws on automated elections,
SMEs, poverty alleviations, agriculture, and
fisheries modernization aimed to diffuse the
benefits of ICT especially to marginalized
groups and for political reform.
ICT diffusion projects carried out under the
roadmap focused on empowering local communities.
Local governments were prioritized through the e-LGU
project, which provided LGUs with a Real Property Tax
system and Business Registration and Licensing
System. Community e-Centers (CeC) were also
established, in partnership with private sector, to provide
municipalities with access to information via internet).
These projects served as a conduit
for efficient delivery of government
services, and as a venue to
promote participation by
underserved communities
(Philippine CeC Roadmap, 2007).
The need for upgrading the ICT
infrastructure was recognized by launching the
Philippine Cyber Corregidor (PCC) in 2005.
Under a Private-Public Partnership (PPP)
arrangement, the project intended to provide a
nationwide network-telecommunication
backbone for companies primarily engaged in
providing cyber-services in the areas of
animation, Business \processing \outsourcing
(BPO), medical transcription, and software
development.
Quest for Genuine e-Development
There were projects o the establishments of
multipurpose telecenters; e-health for Municipal Health
Office services; and AgriNet for the information on crop
marketability, agriculture geography, and weather.
Additionally e-tourism was promoted to increase
economic growth and increase this source of revenue in
thee rural areas. Finally, the e-PS included e-knowledge
which gave priority to the enhancement of ICT related
knowledge and skills in both basic education and
professional training.
2006 ICT Strategic Road Map
The Philippine Strategic ICT Road Map identified
flagship project and key strategic initiatives of the Arroyo
Administration (2001-2010). The Road map and
Associated Principles asserted the following:
o ICT plays a critical role in economic growth and
development
o ICT is a tool for empowerment of individual and good
governance
o The emergence of the Philippine Information Society
will give rise to Sovereign individuals
o To achieve the full vision of information
society, it is necessary to adopt a multi-
stakeholders approach through creative
institutional arrangements and partnership
with the private sector and civil society
o A need to develop human capital to ensure
effective utilization of ICT
o Emphasis should be placed on the creation
of local digital content and to assure access
and its availability
References
Nagy K. Hanna, Peter T. Knight (2011) National Strategies to Harness
Information Technology: Seeking Transformation in Singapore,
Finland, the Philippines, and South Africa. Springer Science &
Business Media
T. Obi, N. Iwasaki (2015) A Decade of World E-Government Rankings
https:/googlrbooks.com.ph
World e-Government Ranking 2014
https://publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/Portals/egovkb/Documents/un
/2014-Survey/Chapter1.pdf