HARMONISATION OF FIRE SAFETY ENGINEERING IN … · FIRE SAFETY ENGINEERING : ISO/TC92/SC4...

November 2015www.efectis.com

HARMONISATION OF FIRE SAFETY

ENGINEERING IN EUROPE : A DREAM?

November 2015www.efectis.com 2

1. ABOUT EFECTIS


EFECTIS GROUP

1 Holding (Saint-Aubin)

6 subsidiaries:

• EFECTIS France

• EFECTIS Nederland

• EFECTIS Era Avrasya

• EFECTIS Iberia

• EFECTIS USA

• EFECTIS Outlab

180 persons with 80% engineers

4 fire testing laboratories :

• Laboratory of Bleiswijk (The Netherlands)

• Laboratory of Gebze (Turkey)

• Laboratory of Maizières-lès-Metz (France-57)

• Laboratory of Les Avenières (France-38)


EFECTIS : FIRE SPECIALIST AND EXPERT

NUCLEAR RAILWAY TUNNEL

SHIPWAY INDUSTRY BUILDINGS

http://photos-libres.fr/wp-content/uploads/blogger/_8UpG9PF094k/RppT7AIBvKI/AAAAAAAAAlU/teB3NlQWNPg/s1600-h/La_defense+034-bis.jpg

http://photos-libres.fr/wp-content/uploads/blogger/_8UpG9PF094k/RppT7AIBvKI/AAAAAAAAAlU/teB3NlQWNPg/s1600-h/La_defense+034-bis.jpg


2. PRESCRIPTIVE AND NATIONAL REGULATIONS


HISTORICAL PRESCRIPTIVE NATIONAL REGULATIONS

Regulation requires a minimum level with means to be

satisfied:

• 8m between buildings

• EI30 for doors

• R60 for building stability if more than 3 storeys

• 1.40m width of evacuation if more than 20 persons

• Corridor max 20m long

• Room linings Cs2d0

• 2% of Natural SHEVS

Easy to define and to control

Difficult to justify when not applied


FIRE SAFETY IN EUROPE

CPD : Construction Product Directive (86/106/CEE -21 december 1988 )

Essential requirements

Harmonisation of testing

« Product » performance

CE marking

CPR : Construction Product Regulation (2013) - (N° 305/2011 – 9 March

2011) for performance assessment

European Safety level and requirements ?


NATIONAL REQUIREMENTS

Different national safety levels in Europe

• Quantification ?

Different national fire safety strategies

• Passive

• Active

• FireFighters

Different scopes of application frame of FSE

• Open (free use)

• Closed (strict, controlled..)

How to harmonize : PBC and FSE ?


3. FIRE SAFETY ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES


FIRE SAFETY ENGINEERING : ISO/TC92/SC4 DEFINITION

The application of engineering principles, rules and expert judgement

based on a scientific appreciation of the fire phenomena, of the

effects of fire, and of the reaction and behaviour of people, in order

to:

save life, protect property and preserve the environment and

heritage;

quantify the hazards and risk of fire and its effects;

evaluate analytically the optimum protective and preventative

measures necessary to limit, within prescribed levels, the

consequences of fire

One definition many applications


FIRE SAFETY ENGINEERING : SCOPE OF APPLICATION

Aim of use ?

• Design

• Verification of performance of product/system/construction

Control ?

• Step of validation

• Third party

• Qualification of engineers

• Qualification of tools

• Qualification of users

• Standardisation of data

• ..


PROCESS OF APPLICATIONDesign

scenarios

Methods

Operator


FSE : SEVERAL SKILLS TO BE MANAGED

Ignition Fire propagation

Smokepropagation

Fire compartmentation

Structural behaviour

Egressconditions

Fixed Extinguishing system

Fire fightingConditions and strategy

Several scientific skills to be managed : the result of a team


FSE NEEDS TESTING

Standard Test

R&D tests

Ad hoc tests

Large scale tests

In situ tests


FSE NEEDS TO INCLUDE FIRE FIGHTING CONDITIONS

Performance assessment of Intervention

Improvement of fire fighting conditions

Evolution of fire (high kinetics of fires)

• Evolution of means (profesional /

volonteers)

• Regions

• Adaptation of firefighting means to risks


FSE NEEDS PROFESSIONAL REFERENCES (MODELLERS)

Training

Validation

Years of experience

Result of a team

Independence design / performance assessment

WHAT TYPE OF CONTROL ?


FSE NEEDS OF RESEARCH

Combustion (effluents, models)

Connexion beween elements/ products / protection

Egress model and interaction with fire/smoke spread

Thermal and mechanical properties of materials

Fire behaviour plaster board partition


FSE NEEDS FIRE INVESTIGATIONS

Understanding the effect

Understanding the limit

Knowing what comes from unbelievable and goes to

possible

Understanding the global approach of the fire safety


FIRE INVESTIGATION

Unbelievable does not mean impossible

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FSE NEEDS FIRE STATISTICS

International : ISO TR 17755-1 « Fire safety – Overview of national fire

statistics practices » 2014

European : Report on Comparison of European fire statistics – 2011

German : Workgroup 14 „Fire Safety Systems“ of the Association for the

promotion of German Fire Safety – 2015

French : new process of use of statistics within specific national group.

First example on Car Parks.


FSE NEEDS STANDARDIZATION

Design fire Scenarios

Design fires

Criteria

Effluents production rate

Methodology

…

Courbes standard de développement NFPA

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

0 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800

Temps (s)

Déb

it c

alo

rifi

qu

e (k

W)

Ultra rapide

Rapide

Moyenne

Lente

What about the life of the building…


4. EUROPEAN STANDARDIZATION GROUP : CEN TC 127 WG8

www.efectis.com November 2015 23

WHY A WG8 FOR FSE AT CEN LEVEL

ISO development and initatives

New EU countries need help to update their regulation

SFPE introduces « FIRE SAFETY ENGINEERS » certification for Europe

Hotel union introduces « Safe hotel » in europe

So

Need to highlight the objectives

Reinforce the work peformed

Need to prepare the future ourselves, and not from the others


EUROPEAN FSE GUIDELINES :CEN TC 127 WG8

How to satisfy the needs of national regulators to

develop and provide Performance based codes ?

How to use the current European testing and product

standards for generating data within an FSE approach ?

How to satisfy a national safety level ?


TC127/WG8 OBJECTIVES

Long term objectives• HARMONIZE THE FSE APPROACH IN EUROPE (SERVICES FREE CIRCULATION)

• ASSIST REGULATORS OF EU MEMBER STATES FOR MOVING TO PERFORMANCE BASED CODES

Mid Term objectives• PRODUCE TECHNICAL REPORTS FOR ASSISTING REGULATORS AND FSE USERS OR CONTROLLERS

• BE THE MAIN MEMBER ON ISO/TC92/SC4 WITH A EUROPEAN POINT OF VIEW

• MODIFY THE STANDARDS TESTS TO BE AN INPUT DATA FOR FSE USERS

Short term objectives• UNDERSTAND THE SITUATION IN EUROPE

• REVIEW OF GENERAL ISO/TC92/SC4 STANDARDS TO BE ADAPTED TO EU SITUATION

• INCLUDE THE RECENT INITIATIVES

• INTRODUCE SCIENTIFIC APPROACH ON EXAP AND EXTENDED TO NATURAL FIRE CONDITIONS

General review:• TC’S LIAISON

• SFPE EUROPE’S LIAISON

• ISO TC92 SC4 LIAISON


SITUATION IN EUROPE : BENEFEU UPDATED 15 YEARS AFTER

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

MUCH WORK LITTLE WORK MATURE NO ANSWER

CHANGES TO REGULATIONWhat areas of FSE do you consider to be most mature and reliable so as to form the

basis of regulatory compliance?

SS1 - Fire initiation & development

SS2 - Smoke propagation

SS3 - Compartmentation & stability

SS4 - Detection, activation &suppression

SS5- Fire service intervention

F

P

ES

I

CH

DK

SW

FI

B

L P

I

CH

DK

FI

B

DK

FI

P

DK

N

FI

NL

F

P

ES

DK

SW

IC

N

FI

NL

B UK

IR

IC

N

NL

D

F

UK

SW

NL

A

D

L

F

P

ES

I

CH

UK

N

NL

B

D

L

F

ES

I

UK

SW

IC

A

B

D

L

I

UK

IR

A

D

A

ES

IR

IC

N

IR

SW

IC

A

CH

IR

CH

L


SITUATION IN EUROPE : BENEFEU UPDATED 15 YEARS AFTER

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

YES NO NO ANSWER

EDUCATION AND TRAINING ON FSEWhat are the available sources of education and training which incorporate FSE in your country?

Bachelor level

Masters level

Continuous professional development

UK

SW

N

P

CH

UK

IR

DK

SW

IC

N

D

P

CH

UK

IR

SW

IC

N

A

D

F

P

ES

I

CH

DK

IC

FI

NL

A

D

F

ES

I

FI

NL

A

F

ES

I

DK

FI

NL

IR

B

LB

L

B

L


SITUATION IN EUROPE : BENEFEU UPDATE 15 YEARS AFTER

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Nu

mb

er

of

afi

rmati

ve a

nsw

ers

EDUCATION AND TRAINING ON FSEIs there educational support available to professionals in the fire safety area?

SS1 - Fire initiation &

developmentSS2 - Smoke propagation SS3 - Compartmentation

& stability

SS4 - Detection,

activation & suppression

SS5 - Fire service

intervention

P

I

UK

IR

DK

IC

N

D

P

I

UK

IR

DK

IC

N

D

P

UK

IR

DK

IC

N

A

D

I

UK

IR

DK

IC

N

D

I

UK

IR

DK

IC

N

D

UK

IR

DK

IC

N

A

D

P

UK

IR

DK

IC

N

D

P

UK

IR

DK

IC

N

D

P

UK

IR

DK

IC

N

A

D

UK

IR

DK

IC

N

UK

IR

DK

IC

N

A

UK

IR

DK

IC

N

P

UK

IR

DK

IC

N

P

UK

IR

DK

IC

N

P

UK

IR

DK

IC

N

A


EN ISO 13 943 : VOCABULARY : VERSION 2014

Terminology is an obstacle to the FSE harmonization and development

• Scientific terminologies

• Fire Safety Engineers terminologies

• Authorities / firefighters terminologies (prevention, intervention)

EN ISO 13 943 is not adapted

Initiatives are existing in many countries (Germany, France, ..)

How to consolidate for a European vision?


CEN-ISO LINKS

CEN TC127 WG8 ISO TC92 SC4

ISO 23932 FSE general principles

Transformation into EN ISO 23932

EN specific to building

occupancies in European context

Car parks

Stations and airports

Cultural heritage buildings

…

Development of certification

guidance

For companies

For practitioners

ISO 16730verification and validation

Various standardized tools available:- Fire risk analysis- Evacuation- Analytical and numerical

modelling tools- Structural assessment


CONCLUSION : HARMONIZATION IS A CONCRETE GOAL

Member states of Europe increase their knowledge on FSE each year

Member states of Europe voted unanimously for an official WG at CEN TC127

All member states of Europe have experienced in FSE application

CEN TC127 WG8 shall include all European initiatives (from member states, from CEN

TC’s, from other European association / organization)

Based on international works, based on the work performed in CEN, performance based

code is the only way to for European fire safety harmonization, if FSE becomes a

common practice with European rules.

Performance based codes should then include relationship with national prescriptive

codes!


5. THE NETHERLANDS : AN EXAMPLE OF IMPROVEMENT IN FSE


IMPROVEMENTS FROM THE NETHERLANDS

New regulation published in 2012

IFV reasearch and development on Firefighters intervention conditions

Fire investigation practice with a dedicated scientific publication

Fire Safety Engineering trainings and courses

Fire Safety Engineering Book for national harmonization

Fire Safety Application : example of DHV building

HARMONISATION OF FIRE SAFETY ENGINEERING IN … · FIRE SAFETY ENGINEERING : ISO/TC92/SC4...

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