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Transcript of HardwareHardware F451 - AS Computing. Hardware and Software Definition Hardware –The physical...
![Page 1: HardwareHardware F451 - AS Computing. Hardware and Software Definition Hardware –The physical components that make up a computer system. Includes all.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649ef35503460f94c05633/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
HardwareHardwareHardwareHardware
F451 - AS ComputingF451 - AS ComputingF451 - AS ComputingF451 - AS Computing
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Hardware and SoftwareHardware and SoftwareHardware and SoftwareHardware and Software
• Definition Hardware– The physical components
that make up a computer system. Includes all input, output, storage devices
• Definition Software– The computer programs
that tell the computer what to do.
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Input & OutputInput & OutputInput & OutputInput & Output
• Definition – Input Device– Hardware used to put data into the computer
• Definition – Output Device– Hardware used to presents data from a
computer
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Other input and output devicesOther input and output devicesOther input and output devicesOther input and output devices
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Operating a ComputerOperating a ComputerOperating a ComputerOperating a Computer
INPUTINPUT
PROCESSPROCESS
OUTPUOUTPUTT
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Data and InformationData and InformationData and InformationData and Information
• Data–Raw Facts and Figures–No structure or context
• Information–Structured, Organised Data–Processed Data
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StorageStorageStorageStorage
• Definition – Storage Device– Permanent and Temporary. Hard disk & RAM– Hardware device used to store data. A device
that can receive data and retain it
• Definition – Secondary storage Device– A peripheral/external device used to store
data eg. Hard disk
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Types of Secondary StorageTypes of Secondary StorageTypes of Secondary StorageTypes of Secondary Storage
• Hard Disk– Store files, application programs, OS software
• CD-Rom, DVD-Rom– Install software
• CD-RW, DVD-RW– Backup files, Transport Files
• Memory Stick (do not write USB in an exam. You must say memory stick!)– Transport files between computers
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HardwareHardwareHardwareHardware
• The term hardware refers to the physical components of the computer.
• Hardware is divided into:– external components (peripherals)– internal components (processing and
storage).
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External componentsExternal componentsExternal componentsExternal components
• The term external components refers to the parts that you physically interact with.
• These are also known as peripherals or input/output devices and include the:– keyboard– monitor– printer
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SensorsSensorsSensorsSensors
• A sensor is an input device that detects physical quantities.
• Eg. Heat (Thermistor), Light, Sound, Movement
• Used in cars, burglar alarms, fire alarms
• Software must be used to control a sensor and act on the input
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ActuatorActuatorActuatorActuator
• Device which can be operated by a computer which produces physical movement eg. electric motor or turning a valve on or off
• Used in large central heating or air conditioning systems
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Internal componentsInternal componentsInternal componentsInternal components
• The term internal components refers to the components contained within the casing of the computer.
• They include the:– processor– memory (RAM and ROM)– hard disk.
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Types of MemoryTypes of MemoryTypes of MemoryTypes of Memory
Random Access
Memory (RAM)• Immediate access
store (IAS)• It temporary stores
data used by applications that are running.
• The contents are lost when the computer is switched off.
• VolatileVolatile
Random Access
Memory (RAM)• Immediate access
store (IAS)• It temporary stores
data used by applications that are running.
• The contents are lost when the computer is switched off.
• VolatileVolatile
Read Only Memory
(ROM)• ROM is a permanent
storage area which cannot be changed by the user.
• ROM contains the start up software (this makes the PC boot up)
• Non-VolatileNon-Volatile
Read Only Memory
(ROM)• ROM is a permanent
storage area which cannot be changed by the user.
• ROM contains the start up software (this makes the PC boot up)
• Non-VolatileNon-Volatile
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RRead ead OOnly nly MMemoryemoryRRead ead OOnly nly MMemoryemory
• Non-Volatile – Contents of memory is not erased when hardware is powered off.
• Contains Start upStart up program
• Start up program is required immediately when power is switched on
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RRandom andom AAccess ccess MMemoryemoryRRandom andom AAccess ccess MMemoryemory
• Volatile – Contents of memory is erased when hardware is powered off
• Contains applications software currently being used, OS files
• Allows changes to be made to saved contents
• Fast access to data