COMPUTER HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE · COMPUTER HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE ... 3
Hardware & softwaremrnewman.weebly.com/uploads/4/4/4/8/4448468/hardware__softwar… · Hardware...
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1/6/12 1 Hardware & Software A computer is a machine that performs 4 basic functions: Input, Processing, Output, Storage
Transcript of Hardware & softwaremrnewman.weebly.com/uploads/4/4/4/8/4448468/hardware__softwar… · Hardware...
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Hardware & Software
A computer is a machine that performs 4 basic functions: Input, Processing, Output, Storage
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A complete working computer that has all of the necessary parts to
make the computer function.
Hardware Software
Computer System
Hardware
The physical components of the computer. The actual equipment you
can see and touch.
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Hardware
The physical components of the computer. The actual equipment you
can see and touch.
Hardware Peripheral
A peripheral is an external piece of hardware that is
important, but not necessary for a computer system to
work.
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Hardware
Input Devices Processing Output
Devices Storage Devices
Input Devices
Hardware that enables a computer user to enter data and programs into a computer.
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Processing
The main parts of a computer system
that process information.
Processing
The main parts of a computer system
that process information.
CPU Central Processing Unit
The CPU is often called the “brains” of
the computer.
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Hertz measures the speed of a CPU ◦ Hertz = number of cycles per second
Megahertz Gigahertz Terahertz
Processing
The main parts of a computer system
that process information.
CPU Central Processing Unit
ROM Read Only Memory
The CPU is often called the “brains” of
the computer.
ROM is permanent internal memory that cannot be changed.
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Processing
CPU Central Processing Unit
ROM Read Only Memory
RAM Random Access Memory
The CPU is often called the “brains” of
the computer.
ROM is permanent internal memory that cannot be changed.
RAM is temporary memory that can be changed.
Information is processed using the circuits to
travel.
System Unit holds all hardware required for PROCESSING. -‐Power Supply -‐Motherboard -‐RAM -‐Hard Drive -‐Video Card -‐Graphics Card
BOOT PROCESS ◦ Events that occurs between powering on a computer to the time that it’s ready to use ◦ Purposes
Runs a diagnostic test to make sure everything is working. Loading the operating system, so the computer can carry out basic operations.
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Output Devices
Hardware that represents data as either hard copy or soft copy after is has been processed by the computer.
Output Devices
Hardware that represents data as either hard copy or soft copy after is has been processed by the computer.
Monitor Represents data as “soft copy.” Some common monitors are CRT or flat-panel.
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Output Devices
Hardware that represents data as either hard copy or soft copy after is has been processed by the computer.
Monitor
Printer
Represents data as “soft copy.” Some common monitors are CRT or flat-panel.
Represents data as “hard copy.” Some common printers are laser or inkjet.
Output Devices
Hardware that represents data as either hard copy or soft copy after is has been processed by the computer.
Monitor
Printer
Speakers
Represents data as “soft copy.” Some common monitors are CRT or flat-panel.
Represents data as “hard copy.” Some common printers are laser or inkjet.
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Storage Devices Needed for permanently storing important information such as computer programs, files, and data.
Storage Devices Needed for permanently storing important information such as computer programs, files, and data.
Magnetic Storage Hard Disk
Floppy Disk Videotape
Plastic or metal platters that are coated with oxide and store data magnetically.
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Storage Devices Needed for permanently storing important information such as computer programs, files, and data.
Magnetic Storage Hard Disk
Floppy Disk Videotape
Optical Storage CDs
DVDs
Plastic or metal platters that are coated with oxide and store data magnetically. A storage medium on
which data is recorded and read by lasers
Uses Pits & lands to store data
Storage Devices Needed for permanently storing important information such as computer programs, files, and data.
Magnetic Storage Hard Disk
Floppy Disk Videotape
Optical Storage CDs
DVDs
Plastic or metal platters that are coated with oxide and store data magnetically.
Flash Storage USB
A small storage device that can be plugged into a USB port.
A storage medium on which data is recorded and read by lasers
Uses Pits & lands to store data
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Bit a 0 or a 1 Smallest piece of data a computer understands or stores
Byte 8 0s and 1s A = 01000001
Kilobyte 1,024 bytes
Megabyte 1 million bytes (1,000,000)
Gigabyte 1 billion bytes
Terabyte 1 trillion bytes
Petabyte, Exabyte, Zettabyte, Yottabyte
Computers use a binary or Base 2 system of 0s and 1s (0=Off, 1=On)
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In September 1956 IBM
launched the 305 RAMAC, the first computer with a hard disk drive (HDD). The HDD weighed over a ton and stored 5MB of data.
IBM leased this machine for
$35,000 a year.
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Computers that are connected in order to share information and resources. The main computer on a network is called a file server.
LAN – Local Area Network Computers are in close proximity to each other.
WAN – Wide Area Network Computers are in a larger geographical area.
Software
A set of instructions or programs that tell a computer what to do.
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Software
Operating System or
Platform
Applications or
Programs
Operating System
This type of software manages RAM, controls peripheral devices, manages file operations (saving, opening, deleting, renaming, etc.), monitors system performance, and provides a user interface
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Operating System
This type of software manages RAM, controls peripheral devices, manages file operations (saving, opening, deleting, renaming, etc.), monitors system performance, and provides a user interface
DOS, Windows, Vista DOS is a command-line interface OS. It is not very user-friendly!
Windows is a GUI OS environment that works with DOS. It uses icons and menus to make computers easy to use. You can multitask with Windows.
Operating System
This type of software manages RAM, controls peripheral devices, manages file operations (saving, opening, deleting, renaming, etc.), monitors system performance, and provides a user interface
DOS, Windows, Vista
Macintosh
DOS is a command-line interface OS. It is not very user-friendly!
Windows is a GUI OS environment that works with DOS. It uses icons and menus to make computers easy to use. You can multitask with Windows.
Macintosh computers have their own operating system.
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Operating System
This type of software manages RAM, controls peripheral devices, manages file operations (saving, opening, deleting, renaming, etc.), monitors system performance, and provides a user interface
DOS, Windows, Vista
Macintosh
Other Operating Systems: Linux, UNIX, OS/2
DOS is a command-line interface OS. It is not very user-friendly!
Windows is a GUI OS environment that works with DOS. It uses icons and menus to make computers easy to use. You can multitask with Windows.
Macintosh computers have their own operating system.
Application Software or
Programs
Programs that allow users to perform specific tasks.
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Application Software or
Programs
Programs that allow users to perform specific tasks.
Word Processing Letters, reports, text
Application Software or
Programs
Programs that allow users to perform specific tasks.
Word Processing
Spreadsheets
Letters, reports, text
Numbers
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Application Software or
Programs
Programs that allow users to perform specific tasks.
Word Processing
Spreadsheets
Electronic Presentations
Letters, reports, text
Numbers
Slide Shows
Application Software or
Programs
Programs that allow users to perform specific tasks.
Word Processing
Spreadsheets
Browser
Electronic Presentations
Letters, reports, text
Numbers
Slide Shows
World Wide Web
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Application Software or
Programs
Programs that allow users to perform specific tasks.
Word Processing
Spreadsheets
Browser
Electronic Presentations
Database
Letters, reports, text
Numbers
Slide Shows
World Wide Web
Large collections of data
Application Software or
Programs
Programs that allow users to perform specific tasks.
Word Processing
Spreadsheets
Browser
Electronic Presentations
Database
????
Letters, reports, text
Numbers
Slide Shows
World Wide Web
Large collections of data
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A small computer program or piece of code that is put on a computer (usually without the user knowing about it) that is destructive to the computer.
Anti-virus software helps prevent viruses.(Update Often )
