Hardware Assembling and Installation

7/31/2019 Hardware Assembling and Installation

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S.MAHESH KUMAR,

PRAXISS TECHNOLOGIES

COIMBATORE.


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HARDWARE

Computer is made up of multiple physical

components of computer hardware, upon

which can be installed an operating system and

a multitude of software to perform theoperator's desired functions.


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H/W COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER

Some of the primary components of a Computer

Input Device

Output Device

Removable media devices

System Cabinet


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Input Device

Keyboard(Text Device)

Optical Mouse(Pointing Device)

Joystick(Gaming Device)

Webcam(Video Device)

Microphone(Audio Device)


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Output Device

Monitor (visual display unit)CRT, LCD, Plasma, penetron)

Speakers(multimedia speakers)


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Removable media devices

Floppy disk( 8 inch, 5 inch, 31/2 inch, 2 inch)

Optical disc(CD Drive ,DVD Drive, Blu-ray

Disc)

USB flash drive(thumb drives, jump drives,

pen drives)

Memory card(flash memory data storage

device


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System Cabinet

Microprocessor

RAM

Video/ Sound card

Power supply

Hard drive

Motherboard


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MICROPROCESSOR


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RAM

Random Access Memory , a type of computer

memory that can be accessed randomly, that is

any byte of memory can be accessed without

touching the preceding bytes.

Its based on volatile memory.


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RAM TYPES

Common RAM Types are

DDR1

DDR2 DDR3

Some of the leading manufacturers

Kingston Transcend

Dynet


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DDR1

DDR-Double Data Rate

It need 2.5 volt power

184 pins

Date Rate : 200- 400 Mbps


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DDR2

DDR2 RAM is an improved version of DDR

memory that is faster and more efficient

240 pins

It need 1.8 volt power



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DDR3

240 pins


Higher bandwidth performance,

effectively up to 1600 MHz

Higher performance at low power

(longer battery life in laptops)


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MOTHERBOARD

Motherboard is also known as main board,

system board, logical board)

It is of two types

SATA

IDE


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REAR VIEW


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MOTHERBOARD COMPONENTS

The motherboard is a large rectangular board

with integrated circuitry that connects CPU Socket,

Chip set

RAM Slot,

BIOS


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Disk drives (CD, DVD, hard disk, or any

others)

Buses(Internal Buses, External BusControllers)

Data Ports or the expansion slots

CMOS Baterry


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CPU Socket

All processors have set of pins that would

connect the CPU to the motherboard.

These set of pins are called the Pin Grid

Array (PGA).

They fit into a socket layout called Socket 7

into any motherboard.


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A CPU socket provides many functions

including

providing a physical structure to support

the CPU

providing support for a heat sink.


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CHIP SET

A motherboard chipset controls all the data

that flows through the data channels (buses) of

the motherboard.

chipset often refers to a specific pair of chips

on the motherboard are Northbridge and

Southbridge.


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Northbridge links the CPU, especially main

memory and graphics controllers.

Southbridge connects to lower-speed

peripheral buses (such as PCI or ISA,Ethernet, USB, and audio devices.)


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RAM Slot


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There are usually two slots, though there

may be more.

If all slots are filled up with existing RAM

modules, you can replace a smaller RAMchip with a larger one.


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BIOS

The BIOS is a software that interfaces the

major hardware components with the

operating system. It load the operating system When

computer turn on.

It is usually stored on a Flash memory chipon the motherboard.


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When you turn on your computer, the

BIOS does several things. This is its usual

sequence:

1. Check the CMOS Setup for custom settings

2. Load the interrupt handlers and device

drivers


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3. Initialize registers and power management

4. Perform the power-on self-test (POST)5. Display system settings

6. Determine which devices are bootable

7. Initiate the bootstrap sequence


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DISK DRIVES

A machine that reads data from and writes data

onto a disk.

There are different types of disk drives

Hard disk drive (HDD) reads and writes hard disks

Floppy drive (FDD) accesses floppy disks.

Optical drive reads optical disks.


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SATA Connector on mother board


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Hard Disk Drive

SATA type Hard drive cable

It connects the HDD with the MotherBoard.


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IDE type Hard drive cable


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Optical Disk Drive

A SATA cable is plugged at one end in the DVD

drive, and the other into a SATA header on your

motherboard.


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BUS

There are two type buses that you will find on the

system board.

Internal and external.

Internal- is basically the lines of communication of

the board to all components.

The internal bus are control bus, Address Bus, Data

Bus and Power bus.


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PORTS

Serial ports

Serial ports provide a standard connector and

protocol to let you attach devices, such as

modems, USB, to your computer.


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Parallel Port

Parallel ports can be used to connect a host

of popular computer peripherals such as

Printers ,Scanners ,CD burners, External

hard drives, Network adapters.


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USB port

These USB connectors let you attach everything

from mice to printers to your computer quickly and

easily.


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Ethernet port

Built-in Ethernet port is available for connecting the

device to a wired network.


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EXPANSION SLOT

PS/2 port

It used to insert keyboard plug (purple) or

mouse plug (green) into your computer)


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Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP)

AGP is an interface specification that enables

3-D graphics to display quickly on ordinary

personal computers.

It is a channel for attaching a video card to a

computer's motherboard


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PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect)

PCI is an interconnection system between a

microprocessor and attached devices.

PCI transmits 32 bits at a time in a 124-pin

connection (the extra pins are for power supply andgrounding) and 64 bits in a 188-pin connection in an

expanded implementation.


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Power connector

Originally the motherboard was powered by one 20-

pin connector.

A 4-pin auxiliary connector providing additional

power to the CPU, and a main 24-pin power supplyconnector, an extension of the original 20-pin

version.


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CMOS Baterry

Provides power to the Complementary Metal

Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) chip, even while

the computer is turned off.


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This chip contains information about the system

configuration (e.g., hard disk type, floppy drive

types, date and time, and the order in which the

computer will look for bootable disks).

The CMOS battery allows the CMOS to

preserve these settings.


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THANK YOU

Hardware Assembling and Installation

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