HARBIN WATER SUPPLY PROJECT IN THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC …€¦ · proposed Harbin Water Supply...

SUMMARY ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

HARBIN WATER SUPPLY PROJECT

IN THE

PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

July 2002

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS

(as of 22 July 2002)

Currency Unit – Yuan

CNY 1.00 = $0.121 $1.00 = CNY 8.27

The exchange rate of the CNY is determined under a floating exchange rate system. In this report a rate of $1.00 = CNY 8.27 is used.

ABBREVIATIONS

UNITS OF MEASURE

ha – Hectare km – kilometer km2 – square kilometer m – Meter m2 – square meter m3 – cubic meter m/s – meter per second m3/s – cubic meter per second m3/d – cubic meter per day mm – millimeter mu – area, ha=15 mu/ 1 mu=666.7 m2 tons/km2 – tons per square kilometer

NOTES

(i) The fiscal year (FY) of the Government coincides with the calendar year. (ii) In this report, “$” refers to US dollars.

ADB – Asian Development Bank AP – affected person EIRR – Economic Internal Rate of Return HEPB – Harbin City Environmental Protection Bureau HMWSCC – Harbin Municipal Water Supply Construction Company HPEMC – Heilongjiang Province Environmental Monitoring Center PRO PRC

– project resettlement office People’s Republic of China

RAP – Resettlement Action Plan

CONTENTS Page MAP ii

I. INTRODUCTION 1

II. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 1

III. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 2 A. Topography and Geology 4 B. Climate and Rainfall 4 C. Hydrology 7 D. Ecological Resources 7 E. Water Quality and Pollution 7 F. Social and Economic Conditions 8

IV. ALTERNATIVES 9 A. With-Project and Without-Project Alternatives 9 B. Alternative Water Supply Schemes 10 C. Alternative Raw Water Pipeline Alignments 10 D. Alternative Treatment Plant Sites 10 E. Alternative Treated Water Pipeline Alignments 11

V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION

MEASURES 11 A. Impacts Associated with the Project Location, Planning and Design 11 B. Impacts Associated with the Construction Phase 11 C. Resettlement 13 D. Impacts Associated with the Operational Phase 14

VI. ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT 17

VII. INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL

MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING 18 A. Institutional Requirements 18 B. Environmental Monitoring 20 C. Environmental Management 20

VIII. PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT 20

A. Legal Requirement of the Government 20 B. Public Participation during Project Preparation 21 C. Future Public Participation Plans 21

IX. CONCLUSIONS 21

Appendix 1: Summary of the Resettlement Action Plan 25

I. INTRODUCTION 1. This summary environmental impact assessment (SEIA) has been prepared for the proposed Harbin Water Supply Project, in the People’s Republic of China (PRC), under technical assistance (TA)1 from the Asian Development Bank (ADB). The full environmental impact assessment (EIA) report was prepared in the Chinese-language by the Northeast China Municipal Engineering Design and Research Institute in association with Heilongjiang Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power Investigation, Design, and Research Institute. The report was approved by the State Environmental Protection Agency on 19 July 2002. 2. The project implementing agency for the proposed project is the Harbin Municipal Water Supply Construction Company (HMWSCC). The objectives of the project are to (i) alleviate the current severe water shortage and water quality problems in Harbin and meet future water demands, (ii) improve public health by providing safe potable water, (iii) promote long-term urban development, (iv) provide institutional strengthening of HMWSCC for efficient and effective operation and maintenance of the new system, and (v) assure tariff reforms to achieve full cost recovery. 3. The SEIA concludes that the project will have substantial positive environmental benefits. It will supply sufficient potable water to meet projected future demands of domestic consumers. The project will improve public health, and allow the existing water supply from a source on the Songhua River to be devoted only to industry. This will encourage industrial and economic development and the creation of jobs, and improve water supplies to poor households. It will also allow the over-abstraction of groundwater to cease, thus protecting the aquifers. 4. The adverse impacts on the physical and natural environment will be largely insignificant and can be handled through the recommended mitigation measures. The incremental costs required to achieve these are negligible. The most serious impact will be the need to resettle affected people, which has been the subject of resettlement planning in accordance with ADB’s policy on involuntary resettlement.

II. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

5. Harbin is the provincial capital and largest city of Heilongjiang Province, PRC, with an urban population of more than 3 million people. Harbin is forecast to have a shortage in water supply capacity of at least 450,000 cubic meters per day (m3/d) in 2010, increasing to at least 950,000 m3/d by 2020. The Songhua River passes through the city, and is the current major raw water source for about 1 million m3/d of water used in Harbin. The Songhua River basin covers about 400,000 square kilometers (km2) of drainage area upstream from Harbin, and receives pollution from several major upstream cities–Jilin, Changchun, Daqing, and Qiqihar. Major industrial pollution sources include a major chemical plant and other petrochemical waste generators in Jilin, and other industries in the provinces of Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, and Jilin. The polluted river water does not meet the required minimum class III standards for

1 ADB. 2000: Technical Assistance to the People’s Republic of China for Harbin Water Supply (TA 3571-PRC). Manila.

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municipal water supply and even falls below class V2 during the six month low flow winter season. The pollution includes trace organic chemicals from petrochemical and other industrial production. These have been detected at levels (exceeding 1 part per billion) that are sufficient to induce cancers, birth defects, and/or premature births. Songhua River water quality is particularly poor during the low flow winter period (November to March), when the ice cover prevents re-aeration for biological assimilation, and prevents release of trace organic chemicals to the atmosphere. Using this polluted water as a source for potable water poses a threat to the public health of 3 million urban residents in Harbin. To address the urgent needs of Harbin for increased water supply and improved water quality, a new water source is to be developed under the proposed project. 6. The proposed project is based on the construction of a new multipurpose dam at Mopanshan (see Figure 1), 175 km southeast of Harbin on the Lalin River, one of the main tributaries of the Songhua River. The project will be built in two phases, in order to reduce the initial cost. The ADB-funded first phase includes:

(i) a 45 m high multipurpose dam at Mopanshan on the Lalin River, having a regulated storage volume of 323 million cubic meter (m3) and dead storage of 33 million m3;

(ii) a raw-water pipeline of 2200-2400 millimeter (mm) diameter and 175.5 km length from Mopanshan Dam to the city;

(iii) a potable-water treatment plant of 450,000 m3/d capacity; and (iv) expansion and rehabilitation of the water distribution network, consisting

of 73.8 km of new trunk mains 300-1800 mm diameter, and 18 km of small water pipes 100-250 mm diameter.

7. In the second phase, a second parallel raw-water pipeline is to be built, the water treatment plant expanded by an additional 450,000 m3/d, and the distribution system improved by installing 53.2 km of trunk mains and 11 km of small water pipes. Key features of the first phase are listed in Table 1. The first phase is scheduled for completion by December 2007. 8. In addition to hydrological studies, test holes were drilled and drill cores were analyzed to confirm the subsurface conditions at the dam sites. The PPTA study endorsed the basic design, criteria and overall safety of the dam, spillway, and related components. Although ADB is not financing any part of the dam, the dam construction will be rigorously monitored by an independent panel of dam experts included in the project.

III. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

9. Harbin City is in south-central Heilongjiang Province, southeast of the Songnen Plain. The Mopanshan Reservoir site is in Wuchang County, which is under the administration of Harbin Municipal Government.

2 The PRC water quality standards have five classes of quality where I is pristine, and class V (2mg/l dissolved oxygen) is polluted. Class III (5mg/l dissolved oxygen) is the lowest level suitable as raw water source for municipal systems.

Sources: Heilongjiang Provincial Investigation Design and Research Institute China Northeast Municipal Engineering Design and Research Institute

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A. Topography and Geology 10. The Lalin Basin is largely composed of flat terrain, from the reservoir site to the Songhua River. The Lalin River catchment basin is presented in Figure 2, and the Mopanshan inundated area is presented in Figure 3. The reservoir area is mountainous, with peaks of 500-870 meters (m), and a general gradient of 0.0036% within the proposed inundated area. The underlying geology is characterized by Quaternary structure. Soils are 5-33 centimeters (cm) thick, and in the more fertile agricultural areas they are 40–60 cm deep. From the dam site the terrain descends northwards toward Harbin.

Table 1: Key Features of the Project Project Component

Size

Length (km)

Land Requirement (ha)

Land Use Service Area (ha)

Population Impacted

Reservoir 323 million m3 regulated volume

–– 2,99670a

Forest, Agriculture, Orchard, River, Housing, Road, Railway, Utility

Raw Water Pipeline

2,200- 2,400 mm 175.5 88.7

562a

Forest, Agriculture

Water Treatment Plant

450,000 m3/day

–– 25.4 Agriculture, Orchard

Distribution System

300 – 1,800 mm

73.8 112.2a

Woods, Agriculture, Waste Land, Housing, Road

100 – 250 mm 18.0

Irrigation 18,330 Water Supply 166,000

Irrigation 150,000 Potable Water Supply 3,040,000b

Resettlement 5,700

Notes: aTemporary land use during construction. bpopulation served. 11. No fault zones are within 8 km of the proposed dam site. An earthquake with an intensity of 5.8 on the Richter scale occurred in 1960, at a site 50 km away from the proposed dam site. Appropriate engineering provisions have been included in the dam design and ancillary structures to ensure adequate protection against unexpected seismic activity. B. Climate and Rainfall 12. The project area is in the northern temperate continental climate zone. Winter is very cold and dry, while the short summer is hot and humid. The annual average temperature is about 3.5oC. The ground is frozen from November through March, to a maximum depth of 2 m. The annual average precipitation is about 650 mm, with more than 70% falling in June-August.

Catchment Boundary

Water Quality Monitoring Section

Existing Reservoir

Planning Reservoir

Railway

Water Diversion Works crossing different Catchment

LEGEND


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The prevailing wind is south, with average and maximum speeds of 2.8 meter per second (m/s) and 28 m/s, respectively. 13. Recent ambient air monitoring indicates the air quality in Harbin is characterized as level 2, and in Mopanshan as level 1. Air quality is classified into 5 levels in PRC: level 5 is the poorest air quality. The major air pollutant in Harbin is total suspended particles (TSP), due to windy climate and barren soils. C. Hydrology 14. The project is to be in the Songnen Water Basin, comprising the Nen and Songhua rivers. The Lalin River, originating from Changbaishan, has a catchment area of 19,200 km2. Upstream from the proposed dam site, the catchment area is 1,150 km2, with an annual average streamflow of 561 million m3 of water. The catchment area is well covered with vegetation and forest, producing water with low suspended particles. The average soil loss is estimated to be 30.7 tons/km2 per year. Within the proposed reservoir area, a shallow groundwater aquifer is generally found at 6 m depth from the ground surface and a deep groundwater aquifer is generally found at 20 m depth. Further downstream from the proposed dam site, are three major tributaries with a total catchment area of 11,800 km2 that join the Lalin River, which eventually flows to the Songhua River. 15. Lalin River flow is highly unstable depending on the season and the year. Devastating floods occur about every 10 years, with the 1998 flood as the most severe; construction of the reservoir will potentially reduce the flood flows. The proposed scheme will tap about 60% of the average dry-weather flow and about 18% of wet-season flow for Harbin urban water supply needs, and create stable flow conditions downstream from the reservoir. Discounting floods, the downstream water flow rate will include large irrigation releases during the crop season, and a minimum release of 1.0 m3/sec throughout the year. 16. The Songhua River, which passes through Harbin city, is the receiving water for all the discharge of wastewater from the proposed potable water service area. D. Ecological Resources 17. Table 2 summarizes the main ecological resources in the project area. Lalin River plain is mainly used for agriculture. Highland area around the proposed reservoir is mostly covered by forests and used for limited scale timber production. There are no rare or endangered species within the project construction area. E. Water Quality and Pollution 18. In the PRC, surface water quality is divided into five classes, of which classes I and II are pristine or potable, and class V is the lowest quality. The Lalin River, a tributary to the Songhua River, originates from forest land. The water quality at entry to the proposed reservoir pool meets PRC surface water class II standards. The water quality at the proposed dam site (before resettlement of nearby farm villages) is currently lower, with high fecal coliform bacteria and permanganate levels falling within class III, which meets the PRC standards for a treatable raw water source.

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19. The Songhua River in Harbin receives pollution from several major upstream cities––Changchun, Daqing, Jilin, and Qiqihar. Water quality is classified as class IV or worse. Major pollutants are chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), suspended solids (SS), ammonia nitrogen, grease and oils, and traces of toxic organic chemicals. Songhua River is one of the dirtiest rivers among 47 major rivers in the PRC. The Government is pursuing a rigorous campaign to cleanup the Songhua River, using its own financing sources. However, control over industrial and municipal pollution cannot be achieved before 2015 at the earliest, and realistically by 2019. Groundwater use in Harbin exceeds the sustainable yield, leading to land subsidence and damage to buildings; the project will allow groundwater wells to be placed on standby to meet maximum daily and emergency demands. Groundwater pollution by infiltration from uncollected wastewater and polluted urban waterways is a serious and growing public health concern.

Table 2: Ecological Resources of the Project Area Category Type

Trees Dragon spruce, fir, elm, Chinese linden, Mongolian oak, poplar, white birch, lilac tree, clumps of multiflora rose, cypress, peach, plum, Korean pine

National protected plantsa

Wilsonii, rhizoma gastrodiae, northeast China ash, Manchurian walnut, pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, amur cork-tree

Plants for Chinese medicine

Hairy asiabell, Chinese magnoliavine, Rhododendron dauricum, carthami, Fritillariae Ussuriensis, plantain seed

Fungi Edible tree fungi, parasol mushroom, hazel mushroom, hedgehog hydnum

Flora

Aquatic flora Reed and other aquatic grasses

Fishes Carp, crucian, catfish, loach Protected animalsa Wolf, yellow weasel, roe, squirrel Birds Gray magpie, black-headed grosteak, hill turtledove, sparrow,

barn swallow, red-rumped swallow, big-mouth crow, mallard, gray wagtail, water ouzel, kingfisher, woodpecker

Animals Mandschurian hare, sewer rat, small house mouse, striped field rat, grass hare, muskrat

Aquatic fauna Frog, back-brighted toad

Fauna

Livestock and poultry Pig, cattle, chicken, horse, donkey, goose, duck Major crops Rice, maize, soybean Cash crops Vegetables, herbal medicine

Agriculture

Fruits Pear a The listed protected flora and fauna are not endangered species

Source: Heilongjiang Environmental Protection Bureau.

F. Social and Economic Conditions 20. The project area is within the administration zone of the Harbin Municipal Government, which consists of seven urban districts, four county-level cities, and eight counties. 21. At the end of 2000, the total permanent population for the whole municipality of Harbin was approximately 9.41 million in 2.84 million households. Of this, the urban population accounted for 57% or 5.37 million, including 3.46 million who live in the seven urban districts of Harbin City, and 1.91 million who live in the urban districts of the 12 counties or county-level cities. The rural population accounted for 43% or 4.04 million, including 21,500 living in the rural villages of Harbin City and 4.02 million living in the rural villages of the 12 counties or county-

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status cities. In the seven urban districts of Harbin, the total population stood at 3.48 million in 2000. 22. According to available statistics, the gross domestic product (GDP) for the whole municipality in 2000 was CNY100.27 billion, or CNY10, 563 per capita. Of the total, the primary sector (agriculture and mining) contributed 18%, the secondary sector (heavy industry) contributed 35% percent, and the tertiary industry (services and small industry) contributed 47%. 23. With close to 6,000 industrial enterprises, Harbin is an old and important industrial base in Heilongjiang Province and the Northeast PRC. Its major industrial products include machinery, electronics, chemical, textile, food, construction materials, and pharmaceuticals. The gross value of industrial production in 2000 was CNY10.11 billion. Of this, heavy industry accounted for CNY4.61 billion or 46% and light industry CNY54.97 billion or 54%. 24. In 2000, grain production in the municipality of Harbin totaled 6.95 million tons. The total production value for the agriculture as a whole (including grain production, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery) amounted to CNY28.06 billion. 25. By 2000, Harbin had 4,084 schools of various kinds, with 100,800 full-time professional teachers and total enrolment of 1,548,000. There were 21 universities and colleges, with 132,600 students. Enrolment of professional and technical schools totaled 50,800. The enrolment rate stood at 99.9 percent at the elementary level. 26. Harbin had 1,200 health institutions (of which 230 were hospitals) and 62,200 health professionals and 35,300 patient beds. 27. The water supply for Harbin comes mainly from the Songhua River (75%). The rest is withdrawn from groundwater. Five municipal water treatment plants serve urban Harbin. With the rapid development of the city, the water supply shortage has become a big issue for the city. There was a shortage of water supply of about 16,300 m3/d in 2000. Existing public and self-supplied groundwater is depleting the aquifer beneath the city, resulting in deteriorated groundwater quality and land subsidence, and causing detectable damage to buildings. The quality of supplied water has also deteriorated due to Songhua River pollution. 28. Social and economic conditions in the project area are summarized in Table 3.

IV. ALTERNATIVES A. With-Project and Without-Project Alternatives 29. Harbin City is suffering from seasonal water shortage and deteriorated raw water quality. With this project, better quality potable water will be supplied, which will improve the health of people living in the project urban area, and ensure sufficient water supply for the sustainable development of the city.

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Table 3: Major Social and Economic Conditions Indicator Units of Measure Values Total Population Person 9,413,300 Urban Population Person 3,481,200 Total Area km2 53,060 Urban Area km2 1,660 Gross Domestic Product (GDP, 2000)

Yuan 100,270,000,000

Income per Urban Resident (2000) Yuan/year 5632 Income per Farmer (2000) Yuan/year 2477 Potable Water Supply (urban) m3/d 1,000,000 Urban Area Potable Water Supply % 60 Urban Area Wastewater Treatment % 30 Higher Education Institutions Number 60 Major Highways Number 10 Major Railways Number 5 International Airports Number 1 Others –– Major tourist and heavy industrial (E&M equipment) city in PRC B. Alternative Water Supply Schemes 30. Alternative water supply schemes were assessed during the project feasibility study. The Mopanshan option is chosen on the basis of depletion of groundwater and pollution of Songhua. The Project will relieve the large deficit in supply capacity, estimated to be 450,000 m3/day in 2005. The last major expansion in treatment capacity of 250,000 m3/day was completed in 1993, and since the mid-1980s Harbin has been studying options and arranging the financing to develop a new clean water source. Five existing or new reservoirs have been considered as second-water-source options to various levels of detail over the last 10 years. The option selected as most appropriate and least-cost in meeting the requirements for a large reliable good quality water source is the proposed Project, under which the Mopanshan Dam will be built in the upper reaches of the Lalin River. The option of tapping the Lalin River downstream (closer to Harbin) was rejected due to freezing of that portion of the River during the cold winter. The Project will maintain flows in the river to benefit existing irrigation use along the Lalin River, and will contribute to flood protection downstream. The Project is included as a key water supply investment in the Tenth Five-Year Plan (2001-2005) of Harbin and the Heilongjiang Province. C. Alternative Raw Water Pipeline Alignments 31. Technical, environmental, social, and economical impacts from the alternative alignments were assessed and the best alternative was selected. The selected alternative has most of the pipeline route following a major highway leading to Harbin City. D. Alternative Treatment Plant Sites 32. Three alternative plant sites were assessed and the best alternative was selected based on environmental impacts, required raw water and distribution system pipe lengths, and capital and operational cost.

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E. Alternative Treated Water Pipeline Alignments 33. Treated water pipeline alignments have been selected based on the location of the water treatment plant, topography of the service area, existing distribution system, construction cost, and impacts on existing utilities and facilities. The alignments were also selected to minimize environmental impacts.

V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES A. Impacts Associated with the Project Location, Planning, and Design 34. Inundation of Mopanshan reservoir and construction of the pipeline and water treatment plant will involve land acquisition and resettlement affecting 6,022 people in 1,740 households. Mitigation measures and compensation for impacts on the population have been addressed. 35. Adequate technical design of the water treatment plant will be required, providing for (i) desired water quality and waste treatment/disposal according to the existing government regulation; and (ii) safety of plant operations. 36. Wastewater flow will increase after the increase of potable water supply to Harbin. New wastewater treatment plants are being planned to provide for full wastewater treatment capacity including wastewater to be generated from the project. Currently, only 30% of the municipal wastewater is treated. B. Impacts Associated with the Construction Phase 37. A large amount of construction material is needed for the construction of the dam. Six major borrow sites will be located near the proposed dam site. Rehabilitation of borrow areas after decommissioning, including replanting and regrowing of vegetation, will be implemented to minimize soil erosion and water pollution impacts. Measures such as enclosure of materials will be taken to prevent the spill of construction material during transportation, especially along the major highways. 38. The proposed construction sites are within or adjacent to farmlands, rivers, and residential areas. Dust generated and construction material stored on-site during the construction could have short-term adverse impacts on the surrounding environment. Mitigation measures include covering of dust generation sources, construction of containing walls to control muddy runoff, and timely restoration of disturbed land to minimize the adverse impacts on crops. 39. Construction activities for the reservoir, raw water pipeline, water treatment plant, and treated water distribution system will involve the use of construction machinery and vehicles. Construction activities may produce short-term noise, vibration, air pollution, muddy runoff, safety hazards, sewage from construction personnel, solid waste and debris, spoils, and traffic congestion. Environmental protection measures in connection with construction operations are required as integral parts of the engineering contracts. Good practices such as dust reduction, provision of storm runoff detention ponds, controlled disposal of spoil material, and washing of truck tires before leaving the construction site are some of the environmental protection measures to be adopted in the contract specifications.

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40. Noise and vibration are generated during construction by heavy construction machinery, including excavators, bulldozers, concrete mixers, and transportation vehicles. Generally, construction noise exceeding a noise level of 70 decibels (dB) has significant impacts on surrounding sensitive receptors within 50 m of the construction site, especially during the construction of the water treatment plant and treated water distribution system. Major abatement measures include (i) no night-time construction using heavy machinery, from 22:00 to 6:00 near residential areas; (ii) no discretionary use of noisy machinery within 50 m of residential areas; (iii) good maintenance and proper operation of construction machinery to minimize noise generation; (iv) installation of temporary sound barriers if necessary; and (v) selection of transport routes for large vehicles to avoid residential areas. 41. Measures to be adopted to minimize dust generation during construction include (i) enclosing demolition sites; (ii) spreading water on dusty roads; (iii) maintaining water content in construction materials; (iv) covering or enclosing transportation vehicles, controlling the speed of vehicles, and selecting transportation routes to minimize impact on dust sensitive receivers; (v) covering or watering open spoil or storage sites; and (vi) minimizing on-site storage time of construction materials. 42. All the vehicles and construction machinery should be operated in compliance with relevant vehicle emission standards and with proper maintenance to minimize air pollution. 43. There will be a large workforce during the construction. The majority will be from outside the immediate neighborhood, living in temporary quarters. Such conditions provide a favorable environment for the propagation of disease, exacerbated by the impacts of noise and dust. Efficient sanitation must be maintained and monitored, with provision of health services. Small amounts of wastewater flow will be generated by the construction workers; to minimize the impact, interim pipelines will be placed to convey the wastewater to nearby sewers, or interim holding tanks will be constructed with the effluent discharged to the existing drainage or wastewater sewers. 44. Refuse generated by construction workers, construction spoil material, and other solid waste could have adverse impacts on the surrounding environment and traffic. The most practical and effective mitigation measure is timely cleanup. In addition, on-site refuse should be stored in closed containers. 45. Traffic congestion, air pollution, and inconvenience to pedestrians and shop owners are potential problems in treated water pipe laying, especially when using the open cut method proposed in the project. Mitigation measures include regulating traffic at the road crossings, building interim roads, selecting transport routes to reduce disturbance to regular traffic, diverting traffic at peak traffic hours, and reinstating the roads as soon as possible. If possible, the water mains should be installed during the initial construction of new roads, or reconstruction of existing roads. 46. Project construction will interfere with existing underground utilities (water and gas pipelines, and communication and power cables), and may result in temporary suspensions of service. Avoidance of other utilities should be carefully considered in project detail design and construction. Emergency measures should be in place to minimize adverse impacts.

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47. Reservoir construction will require relocation of existing local railways, roads, and power and communication cables. Plans have been prepared and the construction will be carefully scheduled to minimize impacts on the forestry activities within the area. 48. There are 10 important heritage and archaeological sites within the construction area. Plans have been prepared to relocate and preserve important items. 49. Northeast China ash, Manchurian walnut, pinus sylvestris var. mongolica and amur cork-tree, identified as national protected trees, are within the proposed inundated area of the reservoir. Plans have been prepared by the forestry stations to minimize the removal of the trees by relocation whenever possible, and to find land to grow more of these trees to compensate for the loss from the construction of the reservoir. 50. Construction will result in removal or relocation of trees and vegetation along the raw water pipeline and treated water pipelines, and within the water treatment plant site. These impacts are temporary. The topsoil will be preserved and original vegetation will be recovered or replanted after construction. No significant adverse impacts will be imposed on the local ecological environment. 51. There are no records of rare or endangered species living within the construction areas. Rare and endangered species as recorded are living far away from the proposed construction area. Project construction areas are not in designated natural reserves or scenic spots, and there are no sites with significant geoconservation values within the construction area. 52. Solid and hazardous waste impacts and their appropriate mitigation and monitoring programs related to the demolishing of houses, office and school buildings, transmission and telecommunication lines and other auxiliaries, will be addressed in the environmental management program, to be developed by the project design institutes. C. Resettlement 53. Impacts relating to resettlement (physical and economic displacement) affect three groups: (i) people affected by the acquisition of land for the project, (ii) people affected by the temporary use of land for installation of the treated water pipelines, and (iii) people whose livelihood is impacted. Project works have been located to avoid residential areas, minimize disruption in villages, and maintain village cohesion as much as possible. 54. The construction of the Mopanshan Reservoir (Figure 3) will necessitate the inundation of 1427 ha of land, including 743 ha of farmland, 39 ha orchard land, 336 ha forest land, 20 ha homestead, 6.1 ha of roads, 60 ha of aquacultural water surface, 16 ha of river and stream surface and 253 ha of unused land. In addition, 70 ha of land will be occupied temporarily, including 3.5 ha for construction sites, 4.2 ha for offices and accommodation, 2.4 ha for transportation in site, and 21.1 ha for waste discharge and transfer sites. 55. A total of 859 households or 3,268 people from the agricultural population, 11 people from the non-agricultural population, and 1,861 people from the forestry population, will be relocated. The affected families will be relocated from eight villages and three forestry stations. About 22,807 m2 of houses will be demolished, and 8,349.25 m2 of public buildings will be affected. About 20,000 trees will be either removed or relocated (Table 4).

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Table 4: Affected Trees Type of Tree Unit Total Grape trees No. 509 Other fruit trees No. 5,285 Non-fruit trees No. 551 Broadleaf trees No. 1,875 Conifers No. 10,850 Nursery trees No. 1,317 Tendril-leaved fritillary bulb m2 15,705

56. Mitigation measures and compensation for impacts on the population have been addressed, including compensation and livelihood restoration measures. The affected persons will be compensated for loss of houses and ancillary buildings, land, livelihood productivity, and land improvements. Where required, alternative employment will be provided. The mitigation measures for social impacts are to ensure that the affected persons’ livelihood is at least maintained after implementation of the project. The budget for land acquisition and resettlement is CNY504.56 million. 57. Temporarily used land will be returned to the original land user on completion of treated water pipelines. The treated water pipelines will be constructed mainly within the public road shoulder. Short-term severance impacts on land parcels will also occur during the construction phase of the project. These will include blockage of public rights-of-way and disruption of access to land and commercial, community, and some residential buildings. The HMWSCC and the government Department for Roads will liaise to ensure that access arrangements are made for the local community during construction so that impacts are minimized. Following construction, road shoulders will be reinstated to their preproject condition. 58. The socioeconomic benefits of the project relating to improvements in the quality of life are documented in the socioeconomic assessment and include adequate and reliable water supply services, prevention of waterborne diseases, increased employment opportunities for women and men, and poverty alleviation/reduction. 59. As indicated in the summary resettlement action plan (Appendix 1), the project does not need an ethnic minority development plan, as ethnic minorities are few in number, are well mixed in with the general population, and will benefit from the project. D. Impacts Associated with the Operational Phase

1. Impacts from Operating the Mopanshan Reservoir 60. With the project, groundwater extraction will be diminished to sustainable yields and wells will be placed on standby status to meet maximum-daily and emergency requirements. The Harbin Municipal Water Authority will continue to restrict the licensing of new wells. 61. The project activities will support the ADB-funded Songhua River Flood Management Program, providing flood relief in the downstream areas of the Lalin and Songhua rivers, thus (i) minimizing loss of life and substantial damage to property, agriculture, and infrastructure; and (ii) improving the local environment and institutional capacity for flood and pollution control, and overall capacity for river basin management within the Lalin River basin. 62. Heilongjiang Province Environmental Protection Bureau will approve and enforce watershed protection measures necessary to protect the reservoir’s water quality, including

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measures regulating land use, water extraction, and industrial activities in the protected area of the Mopashan Reservoir. 63. The project will provide an environmental benefit of consolidating the forest area around the proposed reservoir. Current timber production in the area will be strictly controlled. A small area of forests (3.4 km2) will be lost to inundation but will be compensated for by planned afforestation and rehabilitation of forest stations, such as rebuilding of nurseries. The reservoir watershed protection area around the reservoir will serve as a refuge for local protected flora and fauna. The project will also increase the potential for wildlife conservation through the encouragement and protection of avifauna. 64. There will be a slight local increase in the length of the frost-free period, but of too small a scale for any economic benefit. Trees and vegetation to be planted at certain critical areas, together with existing ones, will minimize wave erosion and sedimentation due to winds. 65. The risk of instability of the reservoir banks is low as the existing managed forests will surround the reservoir. 66. Impact from sedimentation will be minimum as the sediment yield from 50 and 100 years of operating the proposed reservoir is estimated to be 1,767,000 m3 and 3,534,000 m3, respectively, which is much lower than the designed dead reservoir volume of 33 million m3. 67. Leakage at the dam foundation is predicted to be very low due to the low permeability of the soils and rocks at the proposed reservoir site, and because the ground water levels around the reservoir site are higher than the designed top water level of the reservoir during normal operation. 68. Risk of dam failure is low due to the high geological stability at the site, low probability of severe earthquake induced by the proposed dam, and the use of 6 on the Richter scale as the design earthquake criterion for the dam. In addition, tornadoes severe enough to cause the dam to fail are not known in the region. 69. Managed forests cover most of the catchment area. Normal forest operations will not significantly deteriorate the water quality. There are no point pollution sources or significant uses of farm chemicals upstream of the dam site and there is little soil erosion. However, hexachlorobenzene at a concentration of 0.0025 milligram per liter (mg/l) was found in one raw water sample collected during the feasibility study; thus is higher than the drinking water quality guideline. Pesticides used in the forest operations may render the raw water not suitable as the source for potable water supply if they are not properly controlled. With the proposed establishment and implementation of local reservoir protection regulations, tight control of fertilizer and pesticide use, control on land use in the catchment area, and close monitoring of water quality, the water quality is expected to meet all the PRC raw water standards. 70. Water quality downstream of the dam is expected to improve slightly due to the more constant river flow. Stable downstream flow will benefit irrigation. Flood control will minimize disruption to the harvest season, and lost of life, contributing to higher agricultural yields and improved overall well being of the population residing in the project area. 71. The dam will reduce 43.9% of the 1-in-20-year peak water flow and 38.7% of the 1-in-100- year peak water flow at the downstream Xiangyangshan section. The existing downstream

16

flood control system will improve in control capability from handling 1-in-10-year to 1-in-50-year peak flood flows after operation of the reservoir. 72. An appropriate technical solution for the regulation of Mopanshan dam operation will be designed to ensure the protection of ecosystems, preservation of existing use of the river, and provision for improved flood control. HMWSCC will regulate dam operation to ensure minimum river flows and flood protection criteria are met, in close coordination with the provincial flood control center at the provincial water resources bureau. The latter will collect, among others, data on the rainfall, groundwater levels, incoming flows to the reservoir and reservoir storage volumes, and river flood levels at critical locations downstream in the Lalin River. The operations manual for the spillway gates will provide for gradual release of flows from the dam during flood events, coupled with flood forecasting tools to assure increased flooding downstream. 73. Nutrients will be released after inundation of the reservoir area, which may accelerate initial fish production, and may encourage blooms of blue-green algae and weed problems, as well as lead to de-oxygenation. Thus, the clearance of the main vegetation cover prior to inundation is important to minimize the risk of eutrophication. Full clearance of the woody vegetation prior to inundation will be carried out to salvage any timber, to mitigate the risk of damage or clogging by debris of the reservoir outlets or screens, and to reduce eutrophication risks. 74. The reservoir bed will be thoroughly cleared of all structures below the normal storage level, including clinics, veterinary stations, toilets, rubbish cans, and tombs prior to inundation, to minimize the potential increase in waterborne infectious diseases. In the initial period of reservoir inundation, mice may move in into residential areas, resulting in the possible increase in the incidence of rodent-borne diseases. A rodent extermination program will be carried out in the communities around the reservoir and in the resettlement areas. 75. The fish population in the Lalin River has decreased over the years due to unsustainable fishing practices. No migratory fish and only supplementary fishing in the river is reported. The provision of a more constant discharge downstream of the dam will provide a more favorable environment for minor recreational and supplementary fishing along the river. 76. The inundated area represents about 0.8% of the 360,000 ha watershed region. The project will not have significant negative impacts on the ecological resources of the region.

2. Impacts from Operation of Pipelines 77. Major impacts from operation and maintenance of water pipelines are associated with repair and replacement activities when there are leaks or breaks on pipelines. A program should be established to detect leaks and replace old pipelines to minimize the risk of water supply interruption. To minimize environmental impacts from noise and dust, and impacts on traffic and other utilities, HMWSCC should implement an environmental management program and mitigation measures similar to those for the construction of pipelines.

3. Impacts from Operation of Water Treatment Plant 78. Noise generated in water treatment operation comes from pumps and blowers, and is usually contained within the plant. Mitigation measures include (i) selecting low noise machinery; (ii) putting high noise equipment indoors; (iii) installing noise enclosures or buffers;

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(iv) partly setting of pump stations underground; (v) and establishing a greenbelt buffer of 15-30 m around the plant, and between the office zone and the water treatment units. 79. The proposed water treatment plant will be equipped with coal boilers for winter heating, which may emit unacceptable amounts of air pollutants. Scrubbers will be installed to mitigate air pollution from the operation of coal boilers. 80. Equipment will be installed for automated control of the chlorine treatment. An operations manual for this and other equipment will be provided by the suppliers, and training on operational safety and emergency procedures will be provided before plant start-up. Periodic training and practice sessions on safe operational procedures will be held after the plant starts up. 81. Chlorine leakage can result in serious injury to workers and property damage. Detectors are to be installed, so that the chlorine feed system will automatically shut down when a leak is detected. When small amounts of chlorine leak in a chlorine workshop or warehouse and result in ambient chlorine concentration exceeding alarm limits, a ventilator will start up automatically. For large chlorine leaks, a chlorine scrubber system or an alkaline system can automatically start up to absorb the chlorine and contain the leak within the chlorine building. Other measures include minimizing the amount of chlorine stored on-site; installing alkaline recycling equipment (if a chlorine scrubber system is not installed); allocating a buffer zone around the chlorine warehouse and workshop; providing gas masks and oxygen tanks to workers; establishing workers operational safety and emergency procedures before plant start-up; and providing periodic training and practice sessions on safe operational procedures. 82. Wash water will be recycled in the proposed water treatment plant to minimize the waste of water. Wastewater from living quarters or the administration building will be discharged directly into sewers. 83. Dewatered sludge from the proposed water treatment plant will be recycled in the local brick production industry, or disposed of into controlled sanitary landfills in a safe manner, preventing contamination of delivery routes and the landfill site. 84. Agreed upon treated water quality standards are covered under the water purchase agreement between Harbin Municipal Tap Water Company and HMWSCC.

4. Impacts from Improvements in the Distribution System 85. With the proper design and construction of the new drinking water distribution system, leakage rates and risk of contamination during distribution will be decreased substantially, resulting in improved water quality.

VI. ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT 86. The total project cost is estimated at $399.5 million equivalent, including a foreign exchange cost of $100 million (25%) and a local currency cost of $299.5 million equivalent (75%). The estimated ADB loan is $100 million to finance the entire foreign exchange cost. A summary of cost estimates is given in Table 5.

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87. The economic analysis assesses the need and demand for the project and assesses alternatives. Economic costs are calculated and compared to identify benefits that can be valued to determine an economic internal rate of return (EIRR). The calculated EIRR is 14.4% as a two-phase project, and 12.9% for the initial phase alone. The EIRR exceeds the economic opportunity cost of capital, assumed to be not less than 12%. Other important project benefits have not been valued. The calculated EIRR is likely to understate the true value of the project. 88. The total environmental management and monitoring cost is estimated at CNY52.5 million ($6.3 million) mainly for environmental monitoring, erosion and pollution control, and restoration of vegetation. 89. Benefits of the project include improving the potable water quality and increasing the water supply for Harbin City. This will release the present low quality raw water sources for industrial development, and will diminish groundwater abstraction and permit recovery of the aquifer. Additional benefits include flood control and maintenance of irrigable areas.

Table 5: Cost Estimates ($ million)

Component Foreign Exchange

Local Currency Total Cost

A. Base Costs 1. Mopanshan Dam 0.2 81.3 81.5 2. Raw-Water Pipeline 62.6 79.7 142.3 3. Water Treatment Plant 17.3 28.6 45.9 4. Network Improvements 0.5 52.8 53.3 Subtotal (A) 80.6 242.4 323.0 B. Contingencies 1. Physical 4.1 23.4 27.5 2. Price 4.1 13.6 17.7 Subtotal (B) 8.2 37.0 45.2 C. IDCa and Commitment Charges 1. Front-End Fee 1.0 0 1.0 2. Interest During Construction 10.2 20.1 30.3 Subtotal (C) 11.2 20.1 31.3 Total 100.0 299.5 399.5

a IDC- Interest during construction Source: PPTA Study

VII. INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING

A. Institutional Requirements 90. During project preparation and implementation, various institutions with different environmental management responsibilities have been and will be involved, including: State Environmental Protection Agency, Ministry of Water Resources, HMWSCC, Heilongjiang Province Environmental Protection Bureau, Heilongjiang Province Environmental Monitoring Center (HPEMC), Harbin City Environmental Protection Bureau (HEPB), design institutes, and contractors. Table 6 shows the environmental responsibilities of each agency in the successive phases of the project.

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91. The relevant project design institute will be responsible for incorporating appropriate mitigation measures in engineering design and during construction. An environment monitoring office will be established within HMWSCC to ensure that all applicable national, provincial, and local environmental laws, regulations, guidelines, and standards are met during project implementation and operation. The environment monitoring office will monitor and record (i) implementation of the project environmental management activities, and (ii) implementation of the resettlement action plan with the assistance of the appointed monitoring institute. HEPB and HPEMC will conduct compliance monitoring. HEPB will conduct more stringent environmental monitoring and enforcement in the project’s urban areas. If complaints are received from the public, monitoring staff will inspect the problem immediately. HPEMC has qualified scientists and engineers, monitoring equipment, and technical capability for monitoring the aquatic environment, air environment, physical environment (noise and vibration), soil, ecology, solid waste, and traffic conditions. Laboratories in HPEMC have obtained certificates issued by the Government, and the certificates are to be renewed periodically (usually every 5 years). These certificates assure accuracy of the analytical results and their legal standing.

Table 6: Environmental Responsibilities Phase Responsible

Institutions Environmental Responsibilities

Preparation SEPA, MWR, HPEPB, HEPB, HPMO

Review and approval of EIA/environmental programs

Design Design Institute Incorporate mitigation measures in engineering designs and contracts

Design HPEPB, HEPB Review and approval of environmental measures Tendering Contractors Incorporate environmental management program into the bids Construction HEPB, Contractors Implementation of environmental protection measures Construction HEPB, HMWSCC,

HPEMC, Public Environmental monitoring and periodic environmental inspection

Operation HEPB, HMWSSC, HPEMC, Public

Environmental management and monitoring

HEPB= Harbin City Environmental Protection Bureau HMWSCC= Harbin Municipal Water Supply Construction Company HPEMC= Heilongjiang Province Environmental Monitoring Center HPEPB=Heilongjiang Province Environmental Protection Bureau MWR= Ministry of Water Resources SEPA= State Environmental Protection Administration Source: PPTA Study 92. To conduct monitoring, the environmental division of HMWSCC will assign the necessary staff and acquire monitoring instruments. As needed, management and monitoring staff of HEPB, HPEMC, and HMWSCC will receive domestic and overseas training in environmental monitoring, interpretation of monitoring results, mitigation planning, emergency response, environmental policy making, and other environmental management techniques. Budgets for staffing, training, and instrument acquisition are included in the total project budget. 93. During the first 3 months of construction, reports will be prepared every 2 weeks. Subsequently, monthly reports will be prepared and submitted by HMWSCC to ADB. In addition, the environmental monitoring results will be compiled and incorporated into the annual reports, and into an evaluation report after construction is completed. The reports will cover compliance

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with environmental standards, unanticipated issues encountered, and status of environmental mitigation measures. 94. The proposed project will create the Lalin River water resource protection committee, which will coordinate and facilitate environmental monitoring and mitigation in project implementation. The committee will boost environmental awareness in the project area, develop cooperation between regional stakeholders by sharing data, and provide a forum for discussing environmental issues not related to the project. The committee will gradually expand the area of its expertise to the whole of the Lalin River Basin, turning into the coordination and decision making mechanism on the full scope of issues related to water resource management and environmental conservation. The committee will serve as an example for the other river basins–tributaries to the Songhua River–contributing to developing the sustained effort of cleaning pollution and promoting environmentally sustained water resource and environmental management of the whole Songhua River Basin. B. Environmental Monitoring 95. Table 7 summarizes the environmental monitoring programs to be conducted by the environmental monitoring stations of the city environmental protection bureaus. Monitoring frequency should not be less than the number specified in the table. HEPB will be responsible for supervising implementation of these programs. 96. HPEMC is responsible for the external environmental monitoring in both the construction and operational phases. HMWSCC is responsible for internal environmental monitoring in the operational phase. The environmental monitoring results in both construction and operational phases will be submitted to HEPB, HMWSCC, ADB, and other responsible agencies. These agencies/institutions may also request an increase in frequency of monitoring and that appropriate actions be taken for environmental mitigation as they deem necessary. C. Environmental Management 97. HMWSCC will assist in coordinating and facilitating (i) project actions required to ensure compliance with relevant environmental laws and regulations, and to track the issuance of all necessary clearances and permits related to environment, safety, and occupational health; and (ii) liaison with HEPB in monitoring environmental parameters related to the project (air and water quality, disposal of spoil, disposal of base camp waste discharge, etc., at dam site, operation and maintenance for water pipe, tree removals/planting, and training of operation safety and emergency procedures including chlorine handling). 98. Solid and hazardous waste impacts and their appropriate mitigation and monitoring programs related to the demolishing of houses, office and school buildings, transmission and telecommunication lines, and other auxiliaries, will be addressed in the environmental management program, to be developed by the project design institutes.

VIII. PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT

A. Legal Requirement of the Government 99. For infrastructure projects, in particular those having potential impacts on the environment, extensive public participation is required by the government. Public participation allows the local residents to fully understand objectives and implementation of the proposed

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project, the potential adverse and beneficial impacts and associated mitigation measures, and the anticipated results. One of the purposes of public participation is to understand the habits, preferences, and needs of the affected persons. B. Public Participation during Project Preparation 100. Direct public involvement has been an ongoing element in the preparation of the project. These investigations were carried out by the agencies preparing the environmental impact assessments, feasibility studies, and resettlement plan, and the results were incorporated into the planning process to screen design options to minimize social and environmental impacts. Public investigation and results have played an important role in facility alignment, location, scale, and construction methods. 101. Harbin municipal government has held 6 people’s congress and political consultative committee meetings, and 15 workshops for discussion and consultation on the project. Project priorities, impacts, and mitigation measures were discussed in the workshops. The project has been publicized through the mass media, including local newspapers, ratio stations, and TV channels. 102. Affected households, including eight villages to be resettled, have been investigated. A representative sample has been selected, including urban residents of the project cities of various age, education, occupation, and genders. Representative households were randomly selected for the survey. Three hundred and three questionnaires were distributed and 285 valid completed forms were returned. Of the returned questionnaires, 95% expressed support for the project, and only 4% were against it. Thirty percent of the surveyed persons made suggestions on the project. C. Future Public Participation Plans 103. Plans for public involvement during the design, construction, and operational stages have been developed. These plans include public participation in (i) monitoring impacts and mitigation measures in the construction and operational stages; (ii) evaluation of environmental, economic, and social impacts; and (iii) testing of public opinion after project completion. The plans include several types of public involvement: site visits, workshops, investigation of specific issues, and interviews. Table 8 presents one of the future participation plans. The plans will be incorporated into the project construction and operation management plan.

IX. CONCLUSIONS 104. The proposed project will increase potable water supply to address Harbin City’s severe water shortage problem, improve quality of its potable water, and hence improve its public health. This will also allow reallocation of the present low quality water sources for industrial development, reduce groundwater abstraction, and permit recovery of the urban aquifer. 105. The project will provide flood relief, in conjunction with the ADB-funded Songhua flood control management system, for the downstream areas of the Lalin River, thus minimizing loss of life and damage to property, agriculture, and infrastructure. Stable downstream flow will benefit irrigation. Flood control achieved by the project will contribute to higher agriculture yields and overall well-being of the population residing in the project area.

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106. The project will provide an environmental benefit by consolidating the forest area around the proposed reservoir. Current timber production in the area will be strictly controlled. A small forest area (3.4 km2) will be lost to inundation but will be compensated by planned afforestation, and rehabilitation of forest stations, such as rebuilding of nurseries. The reservoir watershed protection area around the reservoir will serve as a refuge to local protected flora and fauna. The project will also increase the potential for wildlife conservation by encouraging entry and protecting of avifauna. 107. The proposed project will create the Lalin River water resource protection committee, which will coordinate and facilitate environmental monitoring and mitigation in project implementation. The committee will boost environmental awareness in the project area, develop cooperation between regional stakeholders by sharing data, and provide a forum for discussion of environmental issues not related to the project. The committee will gradually expand the area of its expertise to the whole of the Lalin River Basin, becoming a coordination and decision making mechanism on the full scope of issues related to water resource management and environmental conservation. The committee will serve as an example for the other river basins. 108. A negative unavoidable impact of the project will be the need to resettle about 6,000 farmers and forestry workers. A separate resettlement plan has been prepared and the resettlement will be carried out to satisfy both the PRC and ADB requirements. 109. The loss of ecological resources from inundation is considered insignificant because the biological resources of the region are confined to higher elevations in the watershed. The natural fish population of the Lalin River has already been depleted. No significant habitats or species will be damaged or threatened by the project.

110. Other adverse impacts on the environment will be minimal and will be mitigated. Implementation of the project, together with the planned remedial measures, will have insignificant adverse environmental impacts. 111. A comprehensive monitoring and environmental management program for the pre-construction, construction, and operational phases will be developed to ensure all mitigation requirements are met.

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Table 7: Summary Environmental Monitoring Programs Item Location Parameters (National Standards Used) Time and Frequency Reservoir–Construction Phase (by HPEMC) Air Construction site; living

quarters; nearby village NOx, CO, TSP, SO2 Once per season for 3

consecutive days Water Dam site; wastewater

discharge SS, pH, BOD5, CODmn, Fecal Coliform Once per month for 3

consecutive days Noise Construction site; living

quarters; nearby village Noise Once per season for 3

consecutive days Fish 1km upstream from the

reservoir entry, and 40 km downstream from the dam

Fish species, age and density Once per year during wet season

Water Treatment Plant– Construction Phase (by HEPB) Air Construction site; living

quarters; nearby residential area

TSP, SO2 Once per season for 3 consecutive days

Water Construction site SS, CODcr, Fecal Coliform Once per month for 3 consecutive days

Noise Construction site; living quarters; nearby residential area

Noise Once per season for 2 consecutive days

Pipelines–Construction Phase (by HPEMC & HEPB) Air On-site pipe manufacturing

sites; nearby residential area and village

NOx, CO, TSP, SO2 Once per season for 3 consecutive days

Water On-site pipe manufacturing sites

SS, pH, BOD5, CODmn, Turbidity, Fecal Coliform

Once per month for 3 consecutive days

Noise On-site pipe manufacturing sites; nearby residential area and village

Noise Once per season for 2 consecutive days

Reservoir–Operational Phase (by HPEMC & HMWSCC) Water Three receiving water entry

points: Reservoir; Raw water intake; Water treatment plant

SS, pH, BOD5, CODmn, color, Turbidity, Fecal Coliform, total phosphor, total nitrogen. Kjeldahl nitrogen, Nitrite, nitrate, cyanide, fluoride, volatile phenols, mercury, arsenic, iron, manganese, chromium 6, chloride, zinc, Cadmium, copper, pesticides and other parameters if necessary

Three times per year for 3 consecutive days

Fish 1km upstream from the reservoir entry, and 40 km downstream from the dam

Fish species, age and density Once per year during wet season

Water Treatment Plant–Operational Phase (by HEPB & HMWSCC) Air Stack air Dust, NOx, SO2 Once per heating season Water Wastewater discharge SS, CODcr Once in January and once in

July each year Noise 1 m away from plant Noise Once in summer

Source: Heilongjiang Environment Protection Bureau and PPTA Study.

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Table 8: Future Public Participation Plan

Item Type of Participation Participants Major Issues Construction Phase Reservoir Questionnaire, Public

hearing Affected village people

Raw water pipeline Questionnaire Construction workers and affected persons

Water treatment plant Communication Construction workers consultants, and government

Treated water pipeline Questionnaire Construction workers and affected persons,

Wastewater impacts on Lalin river water quality; Health impacts from construction dust and exhaust gas; Noise impacts; Interruption of transportation and utility supply; Resettlement

Operational Phase Reservoir Questionnaire Affected village people Resettlement, Pollution

and accident control, Flood control

Water treatment plant Communication Consultants, and government

Air pollution, Solid waste disposal

Raw and treated water pipeline

Questionnaire Affected persons Drinking water quality

Source: PPTA Study.

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SUMMARY OF RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN

A. Introduction

1. The general objectives of the proposed Harbin Water Supply Project are to improve the supplies of water to the urban communities of Harbin, and contribute to poverty reduction, health improvements, and the economic development of the region as a whole. The project will be built in two phases to reduce the initial costs. According to the current plans, the first phase, which will be financed by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) includes (i) a multipurpose dam at Mopanshan on the upper stream of the Lalin River, with a regulated storage volume of 459 million cubic meter (m3) and a dead volume of 33 million m3; (ii) a raw-water pipeline of 2,200-2,400 millimeter (mm) in diameter and 175.5 kilometer (km) in length from Mopanshan Dam to the city; (iii) a potable-water treatment plant with a capacity of 450,000 m3/day, to be located around the Nanbu Gardening Research Institute, Dongli District of Harbin City; and (iv) expansion and rehabilitation of the water distribution network, consisting of 73.8 km of new trunk mains 300-1,800 mm in diameter, and 18 km of small water pipes 100-250 mm in diameter. 2. For the second phase, a second parallel raw-water pipeline will be built, and the water treatment plant will be expanded by an additional 450,000 m3/day. Distribution improvements will include 53.2 km of trunk mains and 11 km of small water pipes. However, it is not covered under the current proposed ADB financing. 3. The project is expected to bring multiple positive benefits to the people in Harbin. In addition to providing good quality municipal water supply, the Mopanshan Dam will provide water for irrigation, and will reduce flooding in the Lalin River. It is considered by the local government as a lifeline project, since it will raise the people’s living standards by stimulating economic development in the region and contributing to poverty reduction in the project area. The project will result in the following specific benefits: (i) increased water supply and improved water quality for residents and industries and businesses; (ii) increased agricultural production, income, and food security from increased water supply for irrigation; (iii) reduced loss of lives, property, and production as a result of reduced risk of flooding; (iv) improved sanitation and public health benefits from improved and increased access to safe drinking water; (v) increased income and skills for the people from short- and long-term employment opportunities to be created as a result of the project; (vi) benefits relating to local procurement and service sector expansion; and (vii) benefits to women, the poor, and floating populations. B. Land Acquisition and Resettlement Impacts 4. The Mopanshan Dam will be built in the upper reaches of the Lalin River, about 1.8 km upstream from Shenjiaying Village, Shahezi Town, Wuchang City. The inundation of the Mopanshan Reservoir and construction of pipeline will involve the demolition of 85,000 square meters (m2) of private and public houses (50,000 m2 in Wuchang and 28,200 m2 in Shanhetun Forest Bureau due to the reservoir construction, and 6,300 m2 due to the pipeline construction). In total, 1,740 households or 6,022 people will be affected by land acquisition and resettlement. They include 859 households or 3,314 people (3,303 agricultural and 11 nonagricultural) for Wuchang and 640 forestry households or 1,861 forestry people from Shanhetun Forest Bureau to be relocated by the reservoir inundation, 101 agricultural households or 505 people to be

Appendix 1

26

affected by land acquisition and resettlement due to the construction of the pipeline, and 140 agricultural households or 342 people to be affected by permanent land acquisition of the water treatment plant but no house will be demolished.

5. The project will involve the permanent acquisition of 3,110 ha of land. Of this, 2,996 ha will result from the inundation of the Mopanshan Reservoir, 89 ha from the construction of the pipeline, and 25 ha from the construction of the water treatment plant. As far as land use is concerned, 883 ha are farmland, 42 ha are home yards, 1,754 ha are forest land, 60 ha are fish ponds, 34 ha are homesteads, 29 ha are roads, 204 ha are unused and 104 ha are water bodies. The dam site and the reservoir office and living quarters will occupy an additional 42 ha of land. 6. Moreover, the construction of the Mopanshan Reservoir, pipeline, and water distribution network will require the temporary acquisition of 650 ha of land, which includes 302 ha of rice field, 289 ha of dry land, 8 ha of forest land, 5 ha of grassland and 18 ha of bush land, 7 ha of unused land, and 21 ha of urban road. Table A.1 provides a summary of permanent and temporary land acquisition and housing demolition. 7. Other assets to be acquired by the project include auxiliaries, household utilities, trees, public properties, basic infrastructure, special utilities, and a small hydroelectric plant. The assessment of impacts is based on the measurement surveys for the Mopanshan Reservoir, water treatment plant, pipeline, and water distribution network. The scope of land acquisition and resettlement for Mopanshan Reservoir and water treatment plant has been finalized. The routing of the pipeline and water distribution network may be subject to slight changes, as may the scope of the impacts. The Harbin Municipal Water Supply Construction Company (HMWSCC) will be responsible to submit an updated resettlement action plan (RAP) to ADB for approval if the routing changes are significant.

TABLE A.1: SUMMARY OF LAR IMPACTS Households & Pop.

To Be Affected by LAR Permanent Land Acquisition (ha)

Components

HHs Pop. Of which Agri. Pop.

Total Of which Farmland

(ha)

Temporary Land

Acquisition (ha)

Houses to Be

Demolished (m2)

1. Mopanshan Reservoir (Wuchang)

859

3,314a` 3,303 1,503 778 65 50,548

2. Mopanshan Reservoir (Shanheun)

640 1,861b 1,493 0

28,224

3. Pipeline 101 505 505 89 84 564 6,300 4. Water Treatment Plant 140 342 342 25 21 5. Water Distribution Network 21

Total 1,740 6,022 4,150 3,110 883 650 85,072 Note: a It includes an urban population of 11. b They are forest workers C. Legal Framework and Principles 8. The primary objective of the land acquisition and resettlement program is to ensure that the affected persons (APs) will improve their standards of living, or at least not be made worse off because of the project. This “better off” or “no worse off” objective is consistent with the laws and regulations of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the ADB’s Involuntary Resettlement Policy. The RAP is based on the provisions of the new Land Administration Law of

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1998, revised by the People’s Congress of China on 29 August 1998, and put into force on 1 January 1999. In addition, the following associated laws and regulations also apply to resettlement under the project: (i) Heilongjiang Land Administration Regulation, effective in 2000; (ii) Forest Law of the PRC; (iii) Secondary Phase of Land Reallocation; (iv) Household Registration System; (v) Administration System of Registered Permanent Residence; (vi) Policy on Residential Status Transference; (vii) Water Law of the PRC, promulgated in 1998; (viii) Environmental Protection Law of the PRC, promulgated in 1997; and (ix) Land Acquisition and Resettlement Regulation of Large- and Medium- Hydro Power Engineering Construction, 1991. D. Compensation and Entitlements 9. To ensure that the affected households and individuals can restore or improve their livelihoods and living standards, adequate compensation and rehabilitation will be provided. The compensation rates will follow the provisions of the new Land Administration Law of the PRC, 1998, which sets the minimum of land compensation and relocation allowance at 10 times the average annual output value (AAOV) in the past three years. Specifically, the compensation for permanent agricultural land acquisition is set at 6 times the AAOV, and the relocation allowance is calculated at 4 times the AAOV for all types of agricultural land. The corresponding compensation rates will be: CNY78,000/ha for dry land, CNY118,000/ha for rice land, CNY210,000/ha for fish pond, CNY216,000/ha for orchard land, CNY40,000/ha for forest land, and CNY31,200/ha for homestead. For permanent loss of land, the compensation and relocation allowance will be paid to the affected villages and forest stations. The payment will be made through resettlement office of each affected village and forest station. The land compensation and relocation allowance will be paid in cash to people. Any income lost from temporary land occupation will be paid in cash to the APs at a rate of 2 times the AAOV. As soon as the construction is completed, the land will be returned to the users in its original form. The cash compensation will be: CNY15,600/ha for dry land, CNY23,595/ha for rice land, CNY7,500/ha for bush land, and CNY3,000/ha for grassland. 10. Compensation for public houses will be paid to the collectives and for private houses will be paid directly to the owners, in compliance with the provincial guidelines for housing replacement. The payment will be made in cash according to the class and type of dwellings. Compensation for standing crops, auxiliaries, and other assets (e.g., wells, sheds, walls, and tombs) will also be paid directly to the APs based on the provincial compensation standards. The households will also receive a transfer and transportation allowance. Compensation for the loss of house construction land will be paid to the collective and will be reallocated to the residents by the village collectives. The relocated households will be allowed to salvage materials from their old houses. Compensation for the loss of enterprises, shops, and small business will be paid in cash to the owners. All civic infrastructures, facilities, and other assets will be compensated at replacement rates, without any deduction for depreciation, to allow full reconstruction by the public utility companies. 11. The principles of the compensation and entitlements established for the project are: (i) land acquisition and involuntary resettlement should be avoided or minimized where feasible by developing and comparing a series of design alternatives; (ii) compensation and entitlements provided must be adequate to allow APS to at least maintain their pre project standard of living, with the prospect of improvement; (iii) land temporarily occupied and the period of disruption are to be kept to a minimum; (iv) all the APs, legal and illegal, are to be taken into consideration and accounted for; (v) the per-capita land holding after land acquisition will be sufficient to maintain the previous livelihood standard; (vi) where land allocation per capita is not sufficient to maintain previous livelihood standards, other income generating activities will be provided for; (vii) a preferential policy will be provided to vulnerable groups in such things as compensation, housing assignment, transfer, and employment; (viii) all the APs will be adequately informed about eligibility,

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compensation rates and standards, livelihood and income restoration plans, and project timing; and (ix) close monitoring and timely actions will be carried out to identify and resolve any problems. E. Resettlement and Rehabilitation 12. The ultimate objective of the RAP is to ensure that the living conditions of the affected households and host communities will be better after the project, or at least will not worse. Because the permanent loss of land to the project will reduce the availability of the resources to the rural communities which depend largely on land for their livelihoods, the achievement of the better-off objective will require establishing of income restoration programs that will offer the APs and their host community alternative livelihood opportunities. 13. Most households to be affected by the land acquisition and resettlement are farmers. Some are workers’ households. The options available have been assessed for the income restoration and livelihood restoration program. The HWSC has identified in the early stages of resettlement for all possible affected sites, and provided the information to the affected households for them to choose. Thus, it is expected that the needs and expectations of the APs can be met to the greatest extent possible. In accordance with the results of the field survey and consultations by the design institutes with APs, community leaders, and the local government, options have been identified to resettle the affected households. 14. The RAP in association with the Mopanshan Reservoir, the pipeline, and the water treatment plant components are described in the following sections. The water distribution network will only involve temporary land occupation due to the excavation of urban road, which will be immediately recovered after the pavement of the pipelines. No people will be affected by land acquisition and resettlement. The only impact will be inconvenience to residents and pedestrians for the very short period of construction. The environmental mitigation measures are included in the environmental impact assessment.

1. Resettlement Plan for Shahezi Township Residents 15. In Shahezi Township, 3,314, including 3,303 agricultural and 11 nonagricultural people will be relocated. Most of the APs (about 89%) will be resettled to the nearest villages, the same township, or other townships within Wuchang City. They will be relocated to eight townships (Chonghe, Longfengshan, Shahezi, Shanhe, Weiguo, Xiangyang, Xiaoshanzi, and Zhiguang) and eight forest stations (Baolongdian, Chonghe, Halihe, Shengli, Xiangyang, Xiaoheihe, Xinglongchuan, and Yangjiagang). 16. A small proportion of the APs (9.8%) will be relocated under the sponsorship of relatives or friends. The rest (1.2%) will move to cities or town centers and their resident status will be changed from rural to urban residents. Table A.2 is the resettlement arrangement for the residents in the Shahezi Township of Wuchang.

Table A.2: Resettlement Arrangements for Shahezi Residents

No. of People to be Resettled

Land-Based Resettlement

Resettlement under Sponsorship of

Relatives & Friends

Moving to Urban Areas by Changing Rural to

Urban Status

TOTAL

Percent of Resettlement 89 9.8 1.2 100 Inundated Area 3,314 2,949 325 40 3,314

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17. For people who would like to move near their relatives or friends, the resettlement implementing agencies and local governments should assist them with transfer and transportation. The land compensation and relocation allowance will be paid to such APs directly. 18. People who choose land-based resettlement in Wuchang will be moved to existing resettlement villages and newly developed areas, based on the assessment of the areas’ environmental and socio cultural capacity. They will be moved to areas with water supply for irrigation. The APs now have an average farmland holding of 0.24 ha per person. After resettlement, all of the APs will have an average farmland holding of 0.27 per person. 19. In addition to farmland allocation, agricultural measures include such things as developing new farmland, improving irrigation works, upgrading low-yielding farmland, income generation activities such as forestry, horticulture, livestock, and sideline businesses, will be developed to restore incomes and livelihoods for the relocated people. Training on the scientific technology of farming will be provided. The average income of the APs will reach to CNY1,200 to CNY1,300, an increase of CNY451 from before relocation. The APs will also be encouraged to develop straw craft products, such as hats, curtain, rope, and bags, which could increase their income by CNY500 to CNY600/year. Other activities, such as pig, chicken, and duck raising will be developed to supplement the income of APs. 20. The affected urban households will continue at their current jobs. Their income will keep the same as before the relocation.

2. Resettlement Plan for Shanhetun Forestry Bureau 21. The inundation of the Mopanshan Reservoir will affect 640 forestry households or 1,861 people in Shanhetun Forest Bureau (1,847 are urban and 14 rural). As they are a non agricultural population, they do not have farmland. Two forest stations, (Hansong and Xianfeng) will be entirely relocated to the Fendou and Shahezi forest stations, respectively, which are about 50 to 60 km away from the current forest stations. The 104 people in the Sanchahe Forest Railway Station will be resettled to the Feidou Forest Station. People who do not want to relocate to the selected resettlement may choose to resettle under the sponsorship of relatives and friends. The resettlement implementing agencies and local governments are to assist their transfer and transportation. 22. After the relocation, the forestry workers will still work in the same forestry bureau and in the same forestry production areas. The loss of the affected forest land will be compensated by HMWSCC. Their jobs and income will not be affected. The HMWSCC and the Shahetun Forest Bureau have assured ADB that all the affected forest workers will be redeployed in the existing forest stations so that no jobs will be lost, and that retraining will be provided to those whose jobs are changed. Some of the affected workers will also temporarily be engaged in the rehabilitation of forest stations, such as rebuilding of nurseries, railway transportation, production facilities and public infrastructure. The forest bureau will support and encourage those who have skills and knowledge and would like to develop their own businesses. Some will be work in afforestation of wasteland in the reservoir area. The resettlement implementing offices of forest stations and Shanhetun Forest Bureau will encourage and facilitate the workers to collect market and forestry products.

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3. Pipeline and Water Treatment Plant 23. The pipeline will pass the areas where houses are sparsely distributed over long stretches of the pipeline corridor. Every effort will be taken to avoid land acquisition and resettlement. The resettlement strategy will be to move people as close as possible to the original homes, and to minimize the impact on peoples’ means of production and livelihood. Land compensation and relocation allowance will be paid to village committees for permanent land loss. Compensation for temporary land acquisition will be paid to the APs. In addition, the local governments should undertake programs to intensify and diversify farm operations to raise the AP’s income per unit of land; un-used land will be brought into production through land development and irrigation. 24. The water treatment plant will only involve permanent land acquisition. No people will be relocated. The APs will be compensated through with land within the same township. The same agricultural and off-farm measures like the rehabilitation plan for the affected households in Wuchang will be adopted to improve the AP’s income and living standards, based on their actual preference and the feasibility of the measure. 25. In addition, the construction of the project will generate about 2.92 million person-days of labor. When the project goes into operation, it will employ about 315 people. The APs will be given special preference for employment during construction and operation of the project. The Executing Agency and resettlement implementing offices will take proactive roles to coordinate with local labor bureaus, employment centers, and enterprises/businesses help identify employment and businesses opportunities for APs who would like to seek off-farm employment opportunities. To stimulate the private economy, such as private transportation, restaurants and service industries, the Executing Agency will help the resettlers gain information and contacts regarding marketing. This assistance will be especially important for agricultural households seeking to diversify their economy through nonagricultural means. The development of village enterprises will receive special attention. If these compensation standards and measures are adopted and properly implemented, the APs will be better off economically, or at a minimum not worse off, as a result of the project. 26. The socioeconomic survey identified 49 families as vulnerable families: 37 ethnic minority households, 2 women-headed households, 5 single-parent households, and 5 poor households with a per capita income below ADB’s poverty line of CNY1,000. To ensure maximum protection of the vulnerable households during the land acquisition and resettlement process, the following special provisions are made for the vulnerable households: First, HWSC and local government will give priority to vulnerable groups for employment opportunities with the project. Second, a special development fund, totaling CNY7,000 per vulnerable household, is to be established as a microcredit program to improve their agricultural production and business development. The fund will be administered as a revolving fund by the local government. Third, a 50% reduction in tariff will be given to the poverty households. Fourth, assistance for house construction, including a house construction subsidy, will be provided by the village committee and local government. Incorporation of the needs and interests of vulnerable groups in resettlement planning and implementation will be ensured through focused consultation and participation programs. 27. During the resettlement process, HMWSCC will pay particular attention to the difficulties and needs of women and women-headed households and will formulate and implement appropriate programs through various consultations with women. The programs for women will include the following: (i) HMWSCC will employ women staff during resettlement operations to

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work with and assist women in resettlement activities, particularly income restoration and poverty reduction plans for women, (ii) Women will be given high priority for employment opportunities generated by the project, (iii) Women-headed households will be able to use the special development fund, with averaging CNY7,000 per women-headed household, (iv) Special financial incentives will be provided for new small businesses/enterprises developed by women from the affected households, according to the preferential policies of local government, (v) Assistance for housing construction and housing subsidy will also be provided to women-headed households, and (vi) Targeted training will be provided to women. F. Institutional Arrangement 28. The project resettlement office (PRO) within HMWSCC will be assigned the lead responsibility for coordinating the planning, implementing, financing, and monitoring land acquisition and resettlement. The PRO, which has eight staff members, will also coordinate staff training for resettlement offices in the city, counties, and forest bureaus. At the municipal level, the Wuchang City Resettlement Office and Resettlement Office of Shanhetun Forest Bureau, with 15 full-time staff each, will supervise the resettlement of the Mopanshan Reservoir. The Wuchang City Resettlement Office and Shuangcheng City Resettlement Office will be responsible for the resettlement associated with the pipeline. The Harbin City Resettlement Office will be responsible for the land acquisition for the pipeline, water treatment plant, and water distribution network. The resettlement offices will assume the full responsibility for implementing the RAP in their jurisdictions. They will work closely with relevant township and village resettlement offices/forest stations, which will be responsible for delivering entitlements, selecting new housing sites, monitoring development of replacement land, and implementing other economic measures among affected and host villages. 29. The resettlement implementing offices will consult with the branches of the local women’s federation to ensure that entitlements for women, especially households headed by them, are paid and that gender issues are addressed properly. HMWSCC will finance the costs and assume responsibility for resettlement monitoring and reporting. The resettlement entitlements will be provided to the APs before ground leveling or inundation takes place. The land and house compensation payment will be made in full before the commencement of ground leveling or inundation. G. Consultation and Grievance Redress 30. The Land Administration Law (articles 48 and 49) requires disclosure to and consultation with the APs (Articles 48 and 49). The APs have been notified about the key elements of the RAP during village meetings and interviews in April 2002, and have participated in planning and designing the resettlement program. For example, during the measurement surveys conducted in 1997, 1999, 2000 and 2001, the socioeconomic survey in April 2002, and the distribution of the resettlement information booklets in June 2002, extensive efforts were made to inform the APs about the final plan for resettlement and to integrate their needs and expectations in the preparation of the RAP. In addition, a number of meetings and interviews to discuss key elements of the resettlement strategy have been convened in relocated and host villages. Results of these meetings and concerns of the APs were integrated into the RAP. 31. Consultation with the APs will continue so that all issues will be addressed prior to the start of construction and the implementation of the RAP. Meetings will be arranged by township and village officials and will be attended by the PRO, municipal resettlement offices,

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township/village resettlement offices, and resettlement offices of forest bureaus and stations, as appropriate. Each affected household will have the opportunity to negotiate the valuation contract, which they will sign with Harbin City Resettlement Office, Resettlement Office of Shanhetun Forest Bureau, Shuangcheng City Resettlement Office, and Wuchang City Resettlement Office. The final RAP will be submitted to ADB on 10 July 2002 and posted on the ADB’s web site. To address the problems and needs of the APs properly regarding land acquisition and resettlement, consultation with APs will continue through the land acquisition and resettlement process so that all issues may be addressed prior to the start of construction and implementation of the RAP. 32. When grievances arise, the APs may submit an oral or written complaint first to the village committee. If the village cannot solve the issue, it can be taken to the: (i) HWSC, (ii) township or county government, or (iii) county land administration bureau. The organizations must reply to the appeal within 15 days. If any AP is not satisfied with response or if the complaint is of a serious nature, the appeal can be taken to the municipal people’s government within 30 days. If the grievance is still not resolved satisfactorily, as a last resort, final redress may be sought in the civil courts, in accordance with the Civil Procedure Act. Under the new Land Law, the land administration bureaus at the provincial, municipal, and county levels have increased powers to protect the interests of the APs, including determination of whether land has been rightfully acquired and compensation and other measures are fair and timely. The grievance redress arrangements have been included in the resettlement booklets provided to all affected collectives and villages. The resettlement implementing offices at different levels will maintain good records and make them available to the external monitor for inspection and verification (see para 37). H. Budget and Implementation Schedule 33. The preliminary cost estimate for the land acquisition and resettlement program is $61.06 million (CNY504.56 million) at June 2002 prices, including 15% contingencies. Of this, 20% or CNY100.91 million will be used for the first year, 30% or CNY151.37 million for the second year, 40% or CNY201.82 million for the third year, and 10% or CNY50.46 million for the fourth year. The individual budget for land acquisition and resettlement for the Mopanshan Reservoir is CNY429.98 million, the pipeline is CNY35.12 million and water treatment plant is CNY39.46 million. The estimated costs include compensation for land and land allowance, houses and auxiliaries, transfer and transportation, infrastructure development for host communities, special facilities, infrastructure, land-related taxes, compensation for temporary land borrow, training, monitoring and evaluation, and other costs. 34. HMWSCC will finance the costs of land and acquisition resettlement, and advance the land and acquisition resettlement funds to the resettlement offices of Harbin, Shanhetun Forest Bureau, Shuangcheng, and Wuchang, which in turn will provide the resettlement funds to the implementing agencies of the townships, villages, and forest stations. The PRO will take all possible steps to facilitate the smooth and timely flow of funds to the APs. In particular, the PRO will ensure that payment for housing compensation is complete before the APs move to their new locations. Additionally, the PRO will ensure that compensation for assets is paid directly to the APs. 35. To ensure that all aspects of the RAP can be achieved, land acquisition and resettlement will start one year before construction. The APs will move into their alternative housing at least one month before the relocation. For those opting to construct their own houses, payment of compensation and provision of housing sites should be completed at least

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three months before relocation. This will ensure that the implementation will be completed within the five-year construction period. Resettlement implementation will be scheduled in stages to coincide with construction and initial filling of the reservoir. However, before the APs are moved, a final measurement survey will be conducted in each village, and the household contracts will be negotiated and signed. Also, arrangements for housing replacement and replacement of agricultural land in the host communities will be established before relocation proceeds. I. Monitoring and Evaluation 36. The Executing Agency and the RAP implementing agencies will take full responsibility for the internal monitoring to ensure that the project complies with requirements described in the RAP. The internal monitoring will be undertaken every 6 weeks. Post-resettlement monitoring will be undertaken internally every 3 months. 37. An independent monitoring agency will be engaged by the Executing Agency through competitive tendering to undertake resettlement supervision, monitoring, and evaluation for the project. External monitoring will be undertaken bi-annually for 2 years after resettlement and will include at least 20% of families in villages/forest stations affected by land acquisition and resettlement. At the end of each monitoring exercise, a report will be submitted to the Executing Agency which will forward a copy to ADB. The report will provide information regarding whether resettlement objectives have been achieved and the relocated families have achieved equal or better livelihoods and living standards.

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HARBIN WATER SUPPLY PROJECT IN THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC …€¦ · proposed Harbin Water Supply...

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