Haptic Perception and Cognition: Using Geons for the Blind
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Transcript of Haptic Perception and Cognition: Using Geons for the Blind
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Haptic Perception and Cognition: Using Geons for the Blind
By: Nathan Bench
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Haptic Perception and Cognition: Using Geons for the Blind
1. INTRODUCTION TO BLIND NAVIGATION & WAY-FINDING
2. RESEARCH IN BLIND NAVIGATION & WAY-FINDING
3. (RELATED TANGENT)
4. PROPOSED RESEARCH STUDY
5. FINAL THOUGHTS
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Outline
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Haptics provides a means of perception through tactile feedback that imparts understanding of our environment.
-Leaderman & Klatzky (2009),
Giudice & Legge, (2008)
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1. Introduction Blind Statistics: Need for Technology
1.3 million Americans are legally blind and 22.5 million Americans suffer from some form of vision loss.
Globally 37 million are blind and 124 million suffer from some form of vision impairment.
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1. Introduction Current Mobility Aids
The white cane and guide dog are the most preferred mobility aid.
Primary areas for development (Dakopoulos and Bourbakis, 2010):
1. Vision enhancement2. Vision replacement3. Vision substitution
BAT K-SonarTrekker BreezeBrailleNote GPS Mobile Geo softwarevOICe system
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1. Introduction The Idea: Blind Navigation
Jack Loomis -1985 idea for technology use for navigation.
-Digital maps-Way-finding via landmarks-Audio feedback-Haptics
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Haptic Perception and Cognition: Using Geons for the Blind
2. Research in Blind Mobility
vOICe System-Meijer (1992)-Soundscapes (show example clip)
Tongue Display Unit (TDU)-Ptito, Chebat, and Kupers (2008) -Tactile stimulation
Training-Found to increase understanding of sensory substitution
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Sensory Substitution
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Haptic Perception and Cognition: Using Geons for the Blind
2. Research in Blind Mobility
Personal Guidance System (PGS) (1985-2008)-Loomis, Klatzky, & Golledge Research
Body Mounted Vision System-Treuillet et al. (2007)
Haptic Virtual Surface-Turchet et al. (2010)
Bionic Eye-Zrenner et al. (2010)
Tactile Handheld Miniature Bidirectional device (THMB)
-Luk et al. (2006)-Hayward and Cruz-Hernandez (2000)
Large Area Tactile Pattern Display (LATPaD)-Lévesque et al. (2011)
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GPS, Optics, & Haptics
THMB (a) with tactile display (b) that is controlled by piezoelectric actuators (b). (Image by Luk et al., 2006).
LATPaD is controlled by piezoelectric actuators and position sensing (Image by Lévesque et al. (2011).
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Haptic Perception and Cognition: Using Geons for the Blind
2. Research in Blind Mobility
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Advantages of Haptic Use
“Haptic[s] … allows for users to feel virtual objects in a simulated environment.”
-Salisbury, Conti, & Barbagli
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2. Research in Blind Mobility
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Disadvantages & Limitations of Haptic Use
Vision and audition stimulus [are] perceived and processed at a greater rate than haptic stimulus.
-Connell & Lynott (2009)
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3. Tangent Brownian Motion
Haptic Perception and Cognition: Using Geons for the Blind
1827 the English botanist Robert Brown noticed that pollen grains suspended in water jiggled about under the lens of the microscope
Video
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3. Our approach
12Haptic Perception and Cognition:
Using Geons for the Blind
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Software: Nano Cubes
High temperature Low temperature
Haptic Perception and Cognition: Using Geons for the Blind
3. Our approach Testing
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Participant use in action
Haptic Perception and Cognition: Using Geons for the Blind
3. Our approach Testing
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Software and Falcon in action
Haptic Perception and Cognition: Using Geons for the Blind
3. Our approach Testing
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Two Participant Groups
Group 1 Group 2
Visual Visuohaptic
Post-test
Video
Pre-test
Haptic Perception and Cognition: Using Geons for the Blind
3. Our approach Testing
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3
4
2
1
0
V VH
Type
Sco
re D
iffere
nce
p value= .0085
Haptic Perception and Cognition: Using Geons for the Blind
3. Results Testing
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Haptic Perception and Cognition: Using Geons for the Blind
4. Proposed Research Study
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Introduction
Recognition-by-Components (RBC) theory developed by Irving Biederman (1987)
Spatial cognition and haptic perception in blind and low-sighted individuals
Human sensory perception and how it relates to navigation and way-finding.
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Examples of Biederman’s geons and how they are used to create other objects. (Biederman, 1987).
Geons3. Proposed Research Study
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Examples of Biederman’s geons and how they are used to create other objects. (Biederman, 1987).
Geon Properties
View Invariant* Discriminable Noise Resistant Parsimonious
Edge & concavitydetection
3. Proposed Research Study
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Recognition-by-components (RBC)-Biederman (1987)
Haptic Perception-J. J. Gibson (1962) -Lederman & Klatzky (2009)-Hayward (2008)
Spatial Cognition-Olson & Bialystok (1983)-Golledge (2004)
Cognitive Mapping-Golledge (1999, 2004) -Hommel & Knuf (2003)
Way-finding-Allen (1999)-Arentze, Dellaert & Timmermans
(2008)
Audition-Magnusson et al. (2002)-O’Callaghan (2007) -Norman (2002)
Supporting Research3. Proposed Research Study
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Lack of in depth research on this topic
New area of technological understanding
Potential application in navigation
3. Proposed Research Study
Significance
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3. Proposed Research Study
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Methodology & Framework
Signal Detection Theory-humans are quite acute to observable
stimuli Information Processing Theory
-how humans process information for decision and behavior
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3. Proposed Research Study
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Experimental Design
A
B
Top-down view example reversed haptic virtual shape. A) The shape of low force feedback. B) The area of high force feedback.
Reversed Haptic Virtual Shape
-Exploration -Learning
-Application
{Assumption}low-force predilection over high-force
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3. Proposal of Research
Reversed Haptic Virtual Shape
Experimental Design
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Four Participant Groups
Blind w/ sound Blind w/o sound Sighted w/ sound
Sighted w/o sound
Application
Learning
Exploration
Survey
3. Proposal of Research
Haptic Perception and Cognition: Using Geons for the Blind
Testing
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4. Conclusion
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Review & Final Thoughts
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Thank you.
The end