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HAPPY MONDAY Bellwork: In 30 words, describe the structure of DNA (what is it made of). If possible,...
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Transcript of HAPPY MONDAY Bellwork: In 30 words, describe the structure of DNA (what is it made of). If possible,...
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HAPPY MONDAY
Bellwork: In 30 words, describe the structure of DNA (what is it made of). If possible, describe
what it does and how it does it. *use your biomolecule chart?*
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DNA & Replication NotecardsPre-AP Biology
Due Tuesday (10/14/14)
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Essential Question: What are the components of DNA?
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The nucleic acids we’ll talk about in biology are DNA and RNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid = DNA
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DNA is the biomolecule used to pass on genetic information to the next
generation.
So…your DNA is half mom, half dad!
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Oswald Avery discovered that the nucleic acid DNA stores and transmits the genetic
information from one generation to the next.
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DNA is a long molecule made up of nucleotides.
Each nucleotide is composed of a 5-carbon sugar called deoxyribose, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous
base.
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The monomer of DNA is called a nucleotide, which has:
1. 5-carbon sugar (deoxyribose)2. phosphate group3. nitrogenous base.
This means that the elements in a nucleic acid are: C, H, O, N, and P
Phosphate Group = has phosphorus = PNitrogenous Base = has nitrogen = N
DRAW AND LABEL
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There are 4 kinds of nitrogenous bases in DNA.Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, & Thymine
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The backbone of a DNA chain is formed from the
sugar and phosphate groups of each nucleotide.Nucleotides can be joined
together in any order.
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The observation that [A] = [T] and [G] = [C] became known as Chargaff’s rule.
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In a strand of DNA, adenine and thymine pair together while cytosine and guanine pair together.
This pairing of bases is known as base pairing.
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The differently shaped bases are bonded together antiparallel to one another
(5’3’)
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Sage and Scribe
Can you draw a picture of DNA using 6 nucleotides?
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Watson and Crick discovered the true
shape of DNA.
The shape of DNA is a double helix.
A double helix looks like a twisted
ladder or a spiral staircase.
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DNA molecules in prokaryotic organisms are found in the cytoplasm.
The DNA molecule in a prokaryotic organism is circular in shape.
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Eukaryotic organisms possess 1000X more
DNA than prokaryotic organisms.
Eukaryotic DNA is generally located in the nucleus in the form of
chromosomes.
All eukaryotic organisms do not carry the same
number of chromosomes.
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Chromosomes are not clearly visible during most of the cell cycle. When the DNA is “unraveled” and
doing its job, it is known as chromatin.However, during mitosis (M phase), the chromatin
coils and condenses to form chromosomes.
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Important to Remember:
All living things have DNA!
Scientists refer to this as a “common genetic
code”
The sequence of bases matters! The order
determines the organism.
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Think-Pair-Share: How do you think DNA copies itself?