Happy Friday! Looking at the causes of the American Revolution

Grades- people still nee d to take their tests!

Group Activity

Causes of the American Revolution

French and Indian War (1754-1763)

Fought over:◦ Control of North America

◦ Land

◦ Fur Trade

?

DID YOU KNOW: In Europe, the French and Indian War is known as the Seven Year’s War

Ohio Valley

French and Indian War The French & Indian War = Cost England Big $$$ - Taxed Colonists to repay

Treaty of Paris (1763) Ends French and Indian War

Gives Britain control of all territory east of the Mississippi River & Canada◦ Mississippi River was to be

open for trade

Those Bad British

Proclamation of 1763 The British banned colonization west of Appalachian Mountains

◦ Those who already lived there must move east

◦ Why?

The king says you have to

come back!

Sugar Act (1764) All sugar and molasses coming into the colonies would be taxed

Why?◦ Pay for British troops

used during the French and Indian War

The Stamp Act (1765) Printed items required to have a stamp saying tax had been paid

Items taxed:◦ Newspapers◦ Pamphlets◦ Licenses◦ Legal Documents◦ Playing Cards

"Such another Experiment as the Stamp-Act wou'd produce a general Revolt in America."

- George Mason, 1766.

Why?

Colonial petitions and protests

Franklin presented colonial protests before House of Commons

"There is not gold and silver enough in the colonies to pay the stamp duty for one year.”

–Benjamin Franklin

"Q. What used to be the pride of Americans?

A. To indulge in the fashions and manufactures of Great-Britain.

Q. What now is their pride?

A. To wear their old cloaths over again, till they can make new ones."

Townshend Acts (1767) Taxed more items:

◦ Imported glass◦ Lead◦ Paint◦ Paper◦ Tea

How do you think the colonists felt about these taxes?

DID YOU KNOW: The British used “writs of assistance” to search and seize any home or ship that was suspected of having illegal (untaxed) items.

“Taxation Without Representation”

Colonies had no direct representation in Parliament

Salutary Neglect:

British policy – ~1607-1763

British did not enforce laws placed on the colonies

Stamp Act Activity

Monday, August 24th Regular week this week!

Looking at Boston Massacre

Get out your notes…

Activity at the end!

Review What was the stamp act?

Why were the colonists mad?

3 3 Forms of Forms of ResistanceResistance

1.1. IntellectualIntellectual protest protest◦ Writing Writing pamphletspamphlets◦ Writing and giving speechesWriting and giving speeches◦ Delivering sermonsDelivering sermons

JohnJohn Adams- prominent Adams- prominent lawyer from MAlawyer from MA

Enlightenment thinkersEnlightenment thinkers◦ John John LockeLocke◦ LifeLife, , LibertyLiberty, , PropertyProperty= = naturalnatural

rightsrights◦ A good government should protect A good government should protect

these rights and exist for the good these rights and exist for the good of the people.of the people.

2.2. ViolentViolent Intimidation Intimidation◦ Those who Those who opposedopposed the British taxes the British taxes

called themselves called themselves PatriotsPatriots

SonsSons of Liberty of Liberty : a resistance group of BostonBoston shopkeepers, artisans and laborers led by SamuelSamuel Adams

◦ Harass stamp distributors, customs agents◦ Assaulted colonists who supported or helped to collect taxes.

3 3 Forms of ResistanceForms of Resistance

3.3. EconomicEconomic Boycotts Boycotts◦ Merchants refusedrefused to import British manufactured goods (boycottboycott)

◦ Prepared a Declaration of Rights and GrievancesGrievances◦ Delegates from 9 colonies met

in NYCNYC◦ Stamp Act Congress said that

Parliament lacked the power to impose taxes without representationrepresentation from the colonial assemblies

3 3 Forms of ResistanceForms of Resistance

Role of WomenRole of Women DaughtersDaughters of LibertyLiberty

◦ Created homespun cloth instead of buying Britain’s manufactured fabrics.

◦ Women organized “spinning beesspinning bees”

These combined efforts led to Parliament repealingrepealing the Stamp Act in 1766.◦ After the repeal, Parliament imposed different taxes.

Boston MassacreBoston Massacre The presence of British soldiers in Boston’s streets filled the air with hostility.

Competition for jobsjobs◦ between colonists and poorly paidpaid soldiers who looked for extra workwork in local shipyardsshipyards during off-duty hours.

MarchMarch 5, 17 5, 177070◦ A fist fight broke out over jobs

A mobmob gathered in front of the CustomsCustoms House and taunted the British guards.

Colonists and several dockhands showed up and gun fire was heard.◦ CrispusCrispus Attucks Attucks and 4 other men were dead, 6 were wounded

SamuelSamuel Adams Adams gave the name of “Boston MassacreMassacre”◦ This name showed that the British attacked defenselessdefenseless citizens.

•Paul Paul RevereRevere

•SignificaSignificant nt differencedifferences from the s from the actual actual event…event…Can YOU Can YOU find some find some differencedifferences? Write s? Write down 3 down 3 things you things you think are think are wrong!wrong!

Tea Act (1773) New act, lowered price of tea but required colonists to buy it from the East India Company

Why do you think colonist preferred to buy more expensive tea on the black market?

Boston Tea Party (1773)

3 Ships were anchored in Boston Harbor◦ Ordered by governor to unload cargo of tea◦ Threatened by colonists – told not to unload

December 16th – at night, patriots dressed as Native Americans boarded the ships & threw 90,000 lbs. of tea overboard

The Intolerable Acts (The Intolerable Acts (17741774))

Lord NorthLord North

1. Shut down Boston Harbor because colonists refused to pay for damages

2. Quartering Act: became even more strict authorizing British commanders to house soldiers in vacant private homes

3. General Thomas Gage: commander in chief of British forces in North America was appointed governor of Massachusetts

British Response

4. General Gage placed Boston under Martial Law or when the British military takes over the town

Committees of Committees of CorrespondenceCorrespondence

PurposePurpose warn neighboring colonies about neighboring colonies about incidents incidents with Britain with Britain

broaden the broaden the resistance movement movement

Massachusetts and and Virginia assemblies set it upassemblies set it up

Communication network network linking leaders linking leaders in nearly all the in nearly all the colonies colonies

Broadsides, like the one above, were often used to spread

information.

Boston Tea Party Activity

Tuesday, August 24th Causes of the Revolution Activity

Can be done in groups

Should be done today!

How many strikes did the How many strikes did the British have against them so far???British have against them so far???

1. Navigation Acts2. Sugar Act3. Beginning of the Quartering Act4. Stamp Act5. Townshend Acts

1. Smuggling2. Boycotting3. Sons of Liberty

What was the Colonial Reaction???What was the Colonial Reaction???

4. Daughters of Liberty5. Boston Massacre

Independence is Common Sense?

C. EXPLAIN THE IMPORTANCE OF THOMAS PAINE’S COMMON SENSE TO THE MOVEMENT FOR INDEPENDENCE.

Thomas Paine (1737-1809)

British◦ Moved to America (1774)◦ Opponent of monarchy

Called for republic

Plaque in England

memorializing Paine

Common Sense (1776)

Published Common Sense, a pamphlet, in 1776

Sold more than 150,000 copies◦ 75x more than average successful paper

Common Sense (1776) Talks about:

◦ Problems of the monarchy

◦ Why America should be independent

“…monarchy and succession have laid (not this or that kingdom only) but the world in blood and ashes. 'Tis a form of government which the word

of God bears testimony against…”

…but from the errors of other nations, let us learn wisdom, and lay hold of the present opportunity — to begin government at the right end… …

independence is the only bond that can tie and keep us together…

Common Sense (1776)

Comm

on S

ense

“one of the most brilliant pamphlets ever written in the English language."

Common Sense? Activity

First Continental Congress First Continental Congress ((17741774))• 56 delegates from the colonies met in delegates from the colonies met in

PhiladelphiaAgenda Agenda How to respond to the Intolerable Acts?

• They They supported the the protest in protest in Boston and and stated that if the British stated that if the British used force against the used force against the colonists then they colonists then they should fight back.should fight back.

• Colonies began Colonies began preparing for a fight by:preparing for a fight by:

• MinutemenMinutemen-- civilian soldiers

• Stock weapons and Stock weapons and gunpowdergunpowder

1775- cold, long winter and food was scarce

General General Gage put the British soldiers on food rations and their morale was low

Gage heard about colonial preparations especially in towns just outside of Boston

He sent men to Concord to check things out

• British soldiers reported back to Gage about the stock of weapons and that Samuel Adams and John Hancock were staying nearby

•Gage waited for the snow to melt and cleared roads

•He marched his soldiers to Lexington and and ConcordConcord

•He wanted them to take any weapons and destroy them

The Road to Lexington and Concord

The British Are Coming . . .The British Are Coming . . .

Paul ReverePaul Revere makes his makes his midnight ridemidnight ride to warn to warn the minutemen of approaching British the minutemen of approaching British soldiers.soldiers.

The Shot Heard ’Round the The Shot Heard ’Round the World!World!Lexington & Concord – April 18,1775Lexington & Concord – April 18,1775

• The British soldiers reached Lexington and saw 70 minutemen in lines

• Gage told them to leave

• They began walking away but still had their muskets aimed at the soldiers

• Then someone fired

• British soldiers fired too

• 8 minutemen died and 10 wounded

• Only 1 British soldier was injured

• The battle lasted 15 minutes•British marched to Concord but did not find any weapons

•They began marching back to Boston

•They met the opposition of 3,000- 4,000 militia

•The remaining British soldiers marched back to Boston, humiliated

Crash Course: taxes and smuggling

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eytc9ZaNWyc&list=PL8dPuuaLjXtMwmepBjTSG593eG7ObzO7s&index=6