Hanta virus-1217124829483391-9
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Hanta VirusesHanta Viruses
Hanta virus belong to Hanta virus belong to family - Bunyaviridaefamily - Bunyaviridae
Found GloballyFound Globally
Causes serious diseases, Causes serious diseases, can be fatalcan be fatal
It is estimated there are It is estimated there are 100,000 to 200,000 100,000 to 200,000 infections occur infections occur worldwide.worldwide.
Dr.T.V.Rao MDDr.T.V.Rao MD
Hanta Virus diseasesHanta Virus diseases
Hantavirus infections are caused by a Hantavirus infections are caused by a group of viruses known as hantaviruses. group of viruses known as hantaviruses. These viruses cause two serious illnesses These viruses cause two serious illnesses in humans. They are hemorrhagic in humans. They are hemorrhagic (pronounced heh-meh-RA-jik) fever with (pronounced heh-meh-RA-jik) fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). pulmonary syndrome (HPS).
Dr.T.V.Rao MDDr.T.V.Rao MD
Source of Hanta Virus InfectionsSource of Hanta Virus Infections
There are several distinct There are several distinct Hanta viruses, each Hanta viruses, each
associated with specific associated with specific Rodent HostRodent Host
The Infection in Rodents The Infection in Rodents are life long without are life long without deleterious effects. deleterious effects.
Humans get infected by Humans get infected by inhaling aerosols of inhaling aerosols of
Rodent excreta.Rodent excreta. ( Urine, Feces, Saliva )( Urine, Feces, Saliva )
Breeding of Rodents Breeding of Rodents have relation to spread have relation to spread
of Infectionof Infection
Diseases produced by Diseases produced by Hanta virus InfectionsHanta virus Infections
1 Hemorrhagic fever with Renal Syndrome 1 Hemorrhagic fever with Renal Syndrome ( HFR )( HFR )
2 Hanta virus pulmonary Syndrome ( HPS )2 Hanta virus pulmonary Syndrome ( HPS ) Infection with Hanta virus is associated Infection with Hanta virus is associated
with Geographic distribution of Rodents with Geographic distribution of Rodents and nature of the Virus.and nature of the Virus.
Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal SyndromeSyndrome
The virus were first isolated in The virus were first isolated in 1976 in Korea from a Rodent 1976 in Korea from a Rodent Apodemus AgrarisApodemus AgrarisUrban Rats are to be Urban Rats are to be persistently infected with persistently infected with Hanta virusHanta virusRats migrate on trading ships Rats migrate on trading ships and disperse the virus world and disperse the virus world widewideHanta virus infection has Hanta virus infection has occurred in persons whose occurred in persons whose occupations place them in occupations place them in contact with Ratscontact with Rats
Hemorrhagic Fever – Renal Hemorrhagic Fever – Renal syndromesyndrome
Acute Hanta viral infection causes a Acute Hanta viral infection causes a Interstitial nephritisInterstitial nephritisLead to acute renal insufficiency and renal Lead to acute renal insufficiency and renal failure in severe formfailure in severe formGeneralized hemorrhage and shock may Generalized hemorrhage and shock may occur with case fatalities upto 5 – 15 %occur with case fatalities upto 5 – 15 %
Dr.T.V.Rao MDDr.T.V.Rao MD
MangementMangement
Hemorrhagic fever, and Hemorrhagic fever, and renal failure are managed renal failure are managed with supportive treatment.with supportive treatment.
Rodent controlRodent control
Protection from exposure Protection from exposure to rodent droppings and to rodent droppings and contaminated material.contaminated material.
Hanta virus – Pulmonary Hanta virus – Pulmonary syndromesyndrome
Caused by novel Hanta virus Caused by novel Hanta virus ( Sin Nombre virus )( Sin Nombre virus )First case was reported from North First case was reported from North
AmericaAmericaPrimarily an Primarily an adult respiratory adult respiratory
disease syndromedisease syndromeThe deer mouse ( Peromyscus The deer mouse ( Peromyscus
maniculats) is the primary rodent maniculats) is the primary rodent for Sin Nombre virusfor Sin Nombre virus
10 % of the deer mouse are infected.10 % of the deer mouse are infected.Other viruses resembling novel Other viruses resembling novel
Hantavirus can cause Hanta viral Hantavirus can cause Hanta viral pulmonary syndromepulmonary syndrome
Dr.T.V.RaoDr.T.V.Rao
Other viruses causing HPSOther viruses causing HPS
New York virusNew York virus
Black Creek canal Black Creek canal virusvirus
Bayou virusBayou virus
and each type of virus and each type of virus has a different Rodent has a different Rodent hosthost
Clinical ManifestationsClinical ManifestationsInfections and subclinical infections are not common.Infections and subclinical infections are not common.Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is generally severe with Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is generally severe with reported mortality rate of > 30 % or greater.reported mortality rate of > 30 % or greater.Present withPresent with
Fever, Headache,MyalgiaFever, Headache,Myalgia Prolonged pulmonary edemaProlonged pulmonary edema Leading to respiratory compromiseLeading to respiratory compromise No signs of hemorrhageNo signs of hemorrhage Dr.T.V.Rao MDDr.T.V.Rao MD
PathogenesisPathogenesis
Hanta viral antigens are found in Hanta viral antigens are found in endothelial cells.endothelial cells.
In macrophages in lung, heart, In macrophages in lung, heart, Spleen,LymphnodesSpleen,Lymphnodes
Leads to functional impairment of vascular Leads to functional impairment of vascular endotheliumendothelium
Person to person transmission is rarePerson to person transmission is rare
Laboratory DiagnosisLaboratory Diagnosis
Detection of antigens by immuno Detection of antigens by immuno histochemistry,histochemistry,RT – PCR for viral antigen detectionRT – PCR for viral antigen detectionSpecific antibodies by recombinant Specific antibodies by recombinant proteinsproteinsA four fold rise of IgM antibody titer A four fold rise of IgM antibody titer between acute and convalescent serum is between acute and convalescent serum is diagnosticdiagnostic
Dr.T.V.Rao MDDr.T.V.Rao MD
ManagementManagement
Maintenance of adequate Maintenance of adequate OO22
Supporting homodynamic Supporting homodynamic functioningfunctioning
Antiviral drug Ribavirin is Antiviral drug Ribavirin is some benefitsome benefit
Dr.T.V.Rao MDDr.T.V.Rao MD
Control and PreventionControl and Prevention
Rodent controlRodent controlAvoiding control of Avoiding control of Rodents and Rodent Rodents and Rodent droppingsdroppingsCare must be taken to Care must be taken to avoid inhaling aerolized avoid inhaling aerolized dried excreta when dried excreta when cleaning Rodent infected cleaning Rodent infected structures.structures.
Dr.T.V.Rao MDDr.T.V.Rao MD
Created for benefit of Health Created for benefit of Health Care WorkersCare Workers
Dr.T.V.Rao MDDr.T.V.Rao MDEmailEmail
[email protected]@gmail.com