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a

[Issued with Army Ordersfor July, 1920.

HANDBOOKOF T11F~

40

7400

M.L. 64N.TRENCHMORTARS,Marks I, II and III.

(LAND SERVICE.)

STATE L!~RARY01- VICT’0R~A

PUBLISHED BY HIS

1920.

L 0 Ni) 0 N:MAJESTY’S STA’L’IONERY OFFICE.

19 DEC 2008

SOURCE

CALL No.S3S~~0 4-W19W

To be purchasedthrough any Bookselleror directly fromH.M. SI AT10N1~1’ OFFICfl at the fohlowieg addresses:

IMPERIAl HOUSE, KINOSWAY, LONDoN, W.O. 2, and28, AIIING1’ON STREET, LoNDON, S.W. 1;37, Fiex~uSTREET, MANcIIESTEIt 1, ST. ANDREw’s ORESIENT, (~AIwfu;

23, FOISTR STREET, EDeNtuuflcmli;or from F. PONSONBY, L’rn., 116, GIIAPTON STREET. Dumr~i~.

1920.

Price is. Net.

CONTENTS.

Page.

334

S

5

7111111

,.

12

12

Ordnance,M.L. 6-inch Trench Mortar, Mark I Imounted on bed and

groundplatform ... ... ... ... ... ... . .•. II & IIIPlatform,ground ... ... ...

Planof emplacementfor two Mortars

IV

V

VIVII

vu’IxX

XIXII

XIIIXIV

No. 134 ... ... ... ... .., . .. ... XVThis book has beencorrectedup to June, 1920. Any alterations which

may be suggestedshould be forwarded direct to the Chief Inspector ofArmaments,InspectionDepartment,Royal Arsenal,Woolwich.

(B 14849) Wt. 5922—PP3124/715 3,500 8/20 II & S Ltd. GH 55

Mortar—

Particulars ,..

Barrel ...

Bed ... ...

Guys,elevatingandtraversingPlatform, groundClinometer .,. ...

Methodof laying the bedTo assemblethemortaron thebedTo dismantleequipment

Care andpreservatiin ... ...

I%fissflres .., ... ...

Tableof weights... ...

Specialpointsof importance ...

Ammunition...—Table ofCharge,propellingIgniter, emergency...Bomb...Primer

Puzes...Packingof ammunition...Miscellaneousstores

PLATES.

13131314141418li~

Clinometer ... ... ... ...

Miscellaneousstores ... ... ...

Charge,propelling, 1-oz. guncottonyarn,, ,, 1-oz. 4-dre. cordite ~4ni/rn flake

Igniter, emergency ... ... ...

Bomb, M.L., H.E., Mark V ... ...

Primer, percussion,propelling charge...

Clip, primer, propelling charge ...

Fuze,percussion,No. 110 ... ...

HANDBOOK

OF THE

M.L. 6-INCH TRENCH MORTARS..MARKS I, II and III.

1e~o.

PARTICULARS.

Material ,.. ... ... ... Steel.Lengthoverall ... ... ... 57-inches.

~Length from muzzleto-~ j front end of striker.Dore ~ stud ... ... 53~935-inchcs.

LDiameter ... ... 6-inches.Weight ... ... ... ... 1-cwt. 1-qr. 24-lbs.Meansof firing ... ... ... Primer, Percussion,or (for miss-

fires) Igniter, Emergency.

M.L. 6-INCH TRENCH MORTAR, MARK I.

(Plate I.)

The .Mark I mortarconsistsof a steel barrel with striker stud,guide stud,adapterand stopand missfire plugwith cap.

The barrel is of steel,made in one piece, formed solid at tilebreechendandslightly tapered on tile exterior towardsthe muzzle,terminating with a muzzle swell. The im4terior of the barrel ispreparedfor the receptionof a striker stud which is‘screwed in acentral position throughthe breechendfrom tile interior, the strikerstudbeingpreparedwith ashoulderandhexagonalflatsand furnishedwith a copperwasherto ensurea gas-tight joint. Thebreechendofthebarrel is roundedon the exterior to suit thebaseblock socketofthe mortar bedandis furnished oii the undersidewith a steelguidestudwhich is screwedinto thebarrel from the exterior,the outerendof the studengagingaguide camgroovein the baseblock of the bedwhen tile mortar is mounted. A tommy hole is prepaiedthroughthe outer endof the guide stud to facilitateassemblyand removalofthe stud.

A steeladapter,preparedfor the receptionof the stopandmiss-fire plugandplated or copperedto preventrusting, is screwedintotile breechend on the upper side, the axis of the adapter beingarrangedat an angleof 34 degreeswith the axis of the bore. Theadapterisfurnishedwithafire channelandprovidedwith a steelspringwasherto preventturning when in position. The Stop alid missfireplug is of steeland consistsof a ioop furnishedat oppositesideswithtwo threadedportions,one of which is solid andforms the stopplug

(B 14849) A2

4

andthe otherpreparedwith a fire channel for the receptionof thesafetyfuze of the emergencyigniter. A steel cap with chainand“S” hooks is provided on the plug for the protectionof the outerthreadedportion.

Loopsareformedon theexterior of the barrelon the upperandlower right and left sides, respectively,for the attachmentof thehooksof theelevatingand traversingguys.

A collar is formed round the exterior of the barrel for thereceptionof the clinotneteranda deflection scaleadmitting traverseof 50 degreesright and left, graduatedin degreesandmarkedwithfigures indicating intervals of 10 degrees,is engravedon the upperside. The letters “B” and “L” are engravedat the right andleftextremities,respectively, of the scale, to indicate the direction oftraversefor deflection.

Longitudinalaxis lines (filled in black) are cut on the upperandlower sidesof the barrel extendingover the muzzleswell, for useinlaying.

M.L. 6-INCH TRENCH MORTAR, MARK II.

The Mar/c II mortar differs from the Mar/c I in the followingparticulars

No adapterfor stopandmiasfireplug is provided,andthe axis ofthe screwedsocketfor the plug is arrangedat anangleof 32 degreeswith the axis of the bore.

The exteriorof the barrelis preparedwith a stopcollarandseatingfor a steel supportingcollar furnishedwith threeshackleseachwithhinge bolt with nut and keeppin in placeof the loops for theattach-mentof the elevatingandtraversingguysof the bed. The supportingcollar is retainedin positionon the barrel seatingby threesetscrews.

A certain numberof Mark I mortars have been convertedtoMark II pattern which differ from the above, principally, in thesupporting collar being retained in position by three projectionsformed on the exteriorof the barrel and securedby a set screwanda securingbolt.

M.L. 6-INCH TEtENCH MORTAR, MARK III.

A certainnumberof M,L. 6-inch Trench Mortars of alternativemanufacturehave been made which differ from Mark II only inhaving the breechend screwed on instead of being madein onepiece with the barrel. Such mortarsaredescribedasMark III andso stamped.

BED, M.L 6-INCH TRENCH MORTAR.

(PlatesII and III.)

TheMark II bed consistsof a cast steelbaseblock and a woodplatform built up of two layers of hard wood to which the baseblock is secured by bolts and a boss on the undersideof the baseblock. The baseblock is preparedon the upper sidewith a socketfor the receptionof theroundedendof the barrel andwith a guide

5

camgroovewhich engagesthe guide stud on the breechend of• thebarrelwheninposition. Oneelevatingand two traversingguysfittedwitb Warwicksarearrangedon therearend,leftandrightuppersidesrespectivelyof the bedand aresecuredat the lower end to eyeboltsprovidedfor the purpose. The free ends of the guys are attachedto the loopson the barrelwhen the latter is mountedin position onthe bed.

A brassstrip is couiitersutikandscrewedin position in the centreof the top of the bed. This forms a zero line for usewith the linesscribedon the muzzlefaceof the mortar.

For purposesof transport hooks are provided on the bed, towhich the free endsof the guys are engagedwhen the barrel hasbeendismounted. Fourwire handlesfitted with steelhandgrips areprovidedon the upperside of the bed to facilitate transport,

Guys, ELEVATING AND TRAVERSING.

The Mark IV elevatingand traversingguys which arc of steelconsistprincipally of a hook, Warwick, upperscrew and a shacklewith pin. The elevating guy is, in addition,providedwith a link aaa lengtheningpiece.

The upperendof the guy is formedwith a hook to engagewitha loop on the barrel when the mortar is in position,spring washersbeing fitted underthe securingnut of the hook to absorbthe shockof recoil.

The lowerendis provided with a shackleandpin for attachmentto the eyeboltson the bed.

The body of the Warwick is tubular, oneendbeing preparedforthe receptionof the hook and the other end being threadedfor theupperscrewwhich latter is threadedat oi~aendfor the screwedstemof the shackle,the otherendbeing providedwith a stopcap.

For purposesof manipulation,capstanhandlesare provided Oil:the traversingguysanda handwheelOn tile elevatingguys.

The Mar/c ill guysdiffer from the Mark IV in the shacklebeingmadesolid insteadof being in two parts and the upperscrews arefitted with stop plugs in lieu of stop caps.

The Mark II guysdiffer from the Mark III in the upper screwsbeing providedwith an external threadonly, thehooksare not keyedwith the upper end of the Warwicks, thus the Warwicks rotatainsteadof the upperscrewsandthe spring washersfor absorbingtheshock of recoilare fitted under the nuts of the shacklesinstead ofunder the securingnut of the hooks.

1’LATFOR~W,GROUND,

M.L. 6-INCH TRENCH MORTAR, MARK I.(Plates II, III andIV)

The groundplatform is for usewith the .Mark II bedandconsistsof tour upperand four lower planks anda rectangularframeof angleiron. The planks are of hardwood,the upperplankscrossthe lowerplanks,with which theyinterlock by meansof wood pads attachedby screws to the undersideof the former and to the top side ofthe latter. The frame is of 2k-inch x 3k-inch angle iron, braced

6

a~eachcornerby a tie bolt which also retains the bedin positionon the ground platform when assembledfor use. The baseflangeof the frame is provided with 12 holes for securing bolts,whichengagesocketednutsfitted in the lower planks.

To enable the planks to be quickly assembledin their correctposition, the bottom planks are marked “A,” and numberedcon-secutivelyfrom 1 to 4 front right to left and the top planksaremarked “B,” and numbered5 to 8, from front to rear. To lookfrom the muzzle towards the breech determinesthe left andrighthand; the front is the muzzleand therear is the breechend.

CLINOMETER, M.L. 6-INCH TRENCH MORTAR.

(Plate VI.)Time Afar/c I clinometerconsistsof a bronzebody furnishedwith a

hinged carrier which carrieslongitudinalandtransversespirit ievel~,a clamping bolt with wing nut and a steel band with nut andclampingscrewfor attachmentto the mortar.

The uppereurfaceof the body forms a segmentof a circle andisengravedwith adegreescale for elevation,graduatedfrom 40 to 80degrees and stampedin intervals of 5 degrees. The carrier ishingedto the body by abolt at the lowerendandis furnishedwithaclampingbolt and wing nut for adjustment. The clampingboltworks in a correspondinggroove in the body so as to limit thetravel of the carrier. A brassreodershapedto suit the segmentalfbrm of the body is providedin the upperendof the carrier for usewith the degreescale on the body. An index pointer is formedon the upper side of the body for use with the direction scaleon the barrel of the mortar. The spirit levels are protectedbymeansof a capwhich is hingedto the spirit level cover.

In future the bubblespirit glasseswill be paintedon the under-side with radium compound to make them self-luminous for useat night. The upper surfacewill also be marked with two thickblack lines, outside the ordinary graduations. When used by daythe bubbles are levelled in the ordinary way. At night the airbubblesarebroughtmidway betweenthe two black lines.

Clinometersfitted with radium-treatedbubbleswill be markedwith a red “ iTt,” in order to distinguish them from those that arenot.

The Mark II clinometer is generallysimilar to the Mark I,from which it diflbrs principallyin the method adoptedfor readingthe degree scale, in that the reader forms part of the bubblecarrier and the scale is read by an arrow head instead of a metalreader.

N0TE.—When not in use the clinometer is car~riedin a“Bag, clinomneter,M.L. 6-inch TrenchMortar, Mark I.”

METhOD OF USING TiLE CLINOMETER.

The clinometeris placedaroundthe mortarandsecuredupon theseatingon the barrel by meansof the clamping screw, so that theindex pointeron theclinometerbracketcoincideswith the zero markof the direction scaleon the barrel.

‘7

To lay for elevation.—Beleasethe wing nut.of the clinom~terframeandset the readerontheframe to the elevation required,a~shownon the elevationscale. .. Thenmanipulatetheelevatingguy ofthe beduntil the bubbleof the longitudinal level is in the centreofits run.

To lay for direction.—Releasethe clamping screw in the bandandturn the clinometeron the barrel until the index point on theupper end of the clinometer bracket coincideswith the directionrequired,as shown below and tighten the clamping screw. Thenmanipulatethe traversingguys until the bubble of the transversespirit level is in the centreof its run.

EXAMPLE

Order.—” Two degreesright.”

Execution.—Unclampclinometer, rotate it two degreestowardstheword right on the barrel andreclamp.

The mortar,when relaid,will now shoottwo degreesmore right.

No’rE.—All guys must be tightenedup beforefiring,

METHOD OF LAYING THE MORTAR BED.

To lay the bed.—.-Thebedis laid down upon a levelledsurfaceofearth, which may be arrangedas shown on the accompanyingdiagrams.

Fig. 1.—When this method of laying the bed is employed,sixpickets mustbe used, two being driven into the earthat the rear ofthe bedand two on eitherside. The rearpickets mustbe supportedby a solid backing as shown in the diagram, so as to prevent anymovementof the bedto the rearwhen the mortar is fIred.

FIG. 1.

8

Fig. 2.—In this methodof laying, asub-platformof dealsboltedtogether is shown forming a recess~in which the mortar bed islaid.. Behindthe sub-platformis insertedapieceof wood (9-inch or

FIG. 2.

Fig. 3.—in this method of laying,, the mortar platform is wellsupportedall round, the recessbeing lined with 3-feet lengths of3-inch deals(markedIV). A doublesub-platformof 3.inch dealsis

Oentre Line of WoodenSlabs must coincidewith Centre Line ofTimbers VI and IV.

11-inchby 3-inch deal) (marked VI) at least 5 feet long, so as toincreasethe areafor the backwardthrust of the platform.

FIG. 3.

9

laidin thebottomof the recess,the~lowerlengthsof dealsbeingplacedtransverselyandthe upperlayer in alignmentwith the direction ofrecoil. Themortar bed is laid on the sub-platformand securedbytwo setsof wedges(markedIII) atthefront endof theplatform. Whenthis methodis employed,arrangementsmustbemadefor drainingthepit.

In eachof the abovemethodsof laying the bed, the mortarbedwill be further secured by sandbag weighting, as many filledsandbagsas it is practical to place on the bed being used, butcaremustbe taken that the sandbagweighting is kept clear of theelevatingand traversingguys,so asnot to‘impedethe working of themortar.

In eitherof the abovemethodsof laying the mortar bed, extreme

careniustbe taken that a solid backing is providedfor the mortarplatform, but more particularly so when Fig. 1 is employed,as,especiallyon sandysoil andwhen long picketsare used,considerableeffects dueto springinessof the picketsare likely to occur with con-sequentirregularshootingof the mortar.

For rangesover 500 yards,theremustbe a sub-basearrangementof timber, consisting of at least two thicknessesof 3-inch timber(6 inchesin all), otherwiseunsteadyBight of the bombis certain.

Figures 4, 5 and6 show the action of the mortar and bed whennot solidly supported.

The above figure (4) shows the mortar ready for firing.Figure 5 shows the effects of recoil of the mortar and bedagainst

Fn;. 4.

10

Fia. 5.

springy pickets during firing. Figure 6 shows the disarrangementof the mortarandbedas the springy picket returns to its originalposition after firing.

FIG. 6.

11

TO ASSEMBLE THE MORTAR ON THE BED.

Placethe rounded end of the barrel in the socket‘of the baseblock with the muzzleend inclined slightly out of the verticalplanetowards the rearand partially revolve the barrel in the socketuntilthe guide stud in the barrel is oppositetime guide cain groove in thebaseblock. Thendepressthe muzzleandengagethe elevating andoneof the traversingguys, the other traversing guy will then beengagedandthe guys screwedup.

TO DISMANTLE THE EQUIPMENT.

Lengthenthe right-handguy by revolving the Warwick untilthe hook can be disengagedfrom the loop on the barrel, disengagethe guy from the barrel amid ease the muzzle of the latter oversufficiently to admit of the other two guys being disengaged.Removethe barreland engage the free endsof tho guys with thehooksfor their receptionon the be:l and screwup so as to retainthem iii position on the bed for transportingpurposes. The freeendsof the guys should also be lashed to the hooks,as they areliable to unscrewandunhook during transit. The gas ejector, withbrushattached,is placedin the barreland retainedby the muzzlecap at the handle end. The mortar and bed are now ready fortransport.

CARE AND PRESERVATION.

The barrel must always be kept clean and free from rust anddebrisand the boreslightly greased. If the mortar is not to beused for sometime, the interior of the barrel shouldbe cleanedandoiled with paraffin or mineraloil. Thick lubricating oil should notbe usedfor thispurpose,as it charsandtendsto clog the‘barrel.

The gasejectorshouldbe kept in place in the barrel when themortar is not being used.

Time striker studshould be examinedfrom time to time and iffound to be worn so as to be likely to causemissfires it should bereplaced, care being taken that the new striker stud is tightlyscrewedhome on replacement.

Theguidestudshould occasionallybe examinedto see that it hasnot shakenlooseby vibration dueto firing.

Theguide camgroove in the baseblock of thebed shouldbe keptfree from earthor the guidestud will breakoff.

The useof the gasejectoris essentialafter eachround,especiallywhenchargesfor long rangesareusedwhenhot gasesare left in thebarrel. Whentheejector is insertedinto andpushedsmartly downthe boreto the lowerendof the barrel,the hot gasespassup throughthe tube handleandescapethroughthe valve inside the handle. Inwithdrawingthe ejectorthe cold air which has followed the headdown the bore passesthrough the slight clearancebetweenthe headandbore and replacesthe hot gaseswhich havebeen passedoutthrough the.tubehandle.

12

Shouldit be considerednecessaryto cool the barrelduring longperiodsof rapid fire, sandbagsmaybö wrappedround thebarrelandkept constantly wet. By this means it is possible to maintaincontinuousfire with the mortar.

MISSFIRES.In the event of amissfire,pausefor half-a-minute,then the stop

and missfire plug will be unscrewedandremovedfrom the exteriorof the breechendof the barrel; the cap is then removedfrom theplug, the plug reversedandscrewedinto theadapter. In thecaseofmortarsfitted with separateniissfire and stop plugs, the stop plugwill be unscrewedand removedand the missflre plug screwedintothe adapterin its place. An “Igniter, Emergency,”as supplied,,willbe inserted through the hole in the plug and arrangedso thatatleast 1-inch of the safetyfuze is left projecting from the exterior oftime plug. This will allow of sufficient time in lighting andburningfor thefirer to takecover. A cigarettelighter or matchesare suitablefor lighting the fuze end.

TABLE OF WEIGHTS.(Jwt. qrs.

Mortar ... ... ... ... ... ... 1 1Bed, M.L. 6-imich, Mark II . .. ... ... 3 3

Box, packing guys,~~~’ I— , 14~— 8~

6 2 0

SPECIAL POINTS OF IMPORTANCE.Keep the mortar and bombscleanandfree from oil; oil means

smoke,dirt meansmissfires.See that time elevating and traversingscrews of the guys are

always tight. A slack guy leads to inaccurateshooting and thestresseson firing arenotequallydistributed; this is usuallythecauseof the guysbreaking.

Caution.—Tjnderno circumstancesshould anyonebe allowed topassin front of or near the muzzle of the mortar, as there is anappreciableamount of gas blast at the muzzle,especiallywhen thelongerrangechargesare being employed. When heatedafter con-tinuous firing thereis a possibility,shoulda missflre occur and thebomb with its chargeremain for some time in the bore, of thepropelling charge igniting, but if the above precautionsare takenthere will be no liability of’ accident. Should the interior of thebarrel become“sticky” andmiasfires occur repeatedly,the surfacesshouldbe cleanedwith paraffin or petrol.

lbs.2419

04

132219

Box, spareparts(1 perbattery)

lemptyBox, tools (1 permortar) ifihled ...

Clinometer,M.L. 6-inchT.M., Mark IEjector, gas,Mark TV (with brush) ...

Ejector, gas,Mark IV (without brush)Platform, ground ... ...

13

AMMUNITION.

Projectiles. ‘

Natureof Fuze.

Propelling charge.

MeanaofFiring.

i IINature.IWeight. Size.I

~

‘Mean

Mark] weighttion. filled and

plugged.

Bomb,M.L. IH.E.6-inchTrenchMortar ~

If111~

1111-hInt

VVa

lbs.

46~±11b.~“

“ L,~ I

5O~±1 lb. I

~ J

‘ oz. dr.~ Cordite 5 0~CUBS1Ofl, ‘flake

No.110,1 .

orFuze,IGun-perces. cottonsmon, yarn 4 0No. 134.

‘4 rn/rn

..

1 Prirne~,I percussion

or(for miss-

rfires)igniter,Emergency

+ Obsoletefor future manufacture.~ A number of complete charges were made up asfollows :—4 0.0. bags

(each containing 1-oz. G.C. yarn),plus 3 cordite bags(eachcontaining ~-oz..4 rn/rn flake cordite).

CHARGE, PROPELLING, M.L. 6-INca ThENGII MORTAR, 1-oz. GUN-‘COTTON YARN, MARK II (4 PEII SET).

(Plate VIII.)

The guncotton chargeconsistsof four 1-oz. white cambricbagscontaining guncotton yarn; the mouth of each bag 18 closed bybeing stitchedwith silk or cottonsewing.

Not more thanone bag to be placed in eachvaneangleof thebomb.

CHARGE, PROPELLING, M.L. 6-INca TRENCH MORTAR, 1-oz. 4-nns.CoRDITE, .4 M/a FLAKE, MARK III (4 PER SET).

(Plate LY.)

The cordite chargeis containedin four white cambric bags; eachbag is filled with 1-oz. 4-drs. of cordite, 4 rn/rn flake andthe mouthclosedby being stitchedwith silk or cotton sewing. This charge isused to augmentthe guncottonchargedescribedabovefor rangesof,approximately,1,000yardsandabove.

IGNITER, EMERGENCY, PROPELLING CHARGE, M.L. 6-INca TEln,wHMORTAR, MARK II.

(Plcae X~)

This igniter is usedfor firing the mortar in the eventof a miss-fire, It consists of a length of “Fuze, Safety, No. 15 or 15A,Mark I,” to the front endof which is attacheda cambric or wovencottonyarn bag containing about 35 grains of S.M.~powder. Thesafetyfuze is insertedin one endof the bag and securedto it withsilk cord; the otherendof the bag is closed by being stitched with

14

silk sewing. A coppertubecontaininga powderpellet is canneluredor crimpedto the rearendof the safetyfuze. A length of “6 StrandQuickmatch”isinsertedthrougha holein the top of the tube.

BOMB, M.L. H.E. 6-INca TRENCH MORTAR.

(Plate XL)

TheMark V bombis of castironwithparallelwalls taperingslightlyat the shoulder. The lower end is fitted with four steelvaneswhichserve to keep the bomb steady in flight. A steel angle plate isriveted longitudinally aboutthe centreof the junction of eachvaneto strengthenit. A recessis formedat the intersectionof tile vanesto takea “Primer, Percussion,PropellingCharge,”andthe outerendof eachvaneis formedwith an undercutto takethe ‘ Cup,Retaining,Primer l’ropelling Charge.” The vanesare provided with a springattachmentwhich servesto retainin position the propelling charges.The spring attachmentconsistsof a66-inch (approximate)length ofelectro-copperedwire bentto form four loopsandsecuredinto slotsformedin the vanesof the bomb. Theheadof the bombis screwedto receive an explodercontainerand the fuze,or, during transit, a,“Plug, fuze-hole,2-inch,No. 6A or B.”

The exterior of time bomb is rust-proofed by the coslettiBingprocessinsteadof being painteddirty white as in previousMarks.

Time Mark Vn bombdiffers from Mark V in being fitted with arepair bushowing to a defectivefuze-hole.

The Mark III bomb differs from the Mark V in having the outeredgesof the vanesconnectedby wire in placeof a spring attachmentfor retaining in position the propelling chargesand in the angleplatesbeing omitted.

PRIMER, PERCUSSIOI~,1’IIOPELLING CHAIIGE, MARK 11.

CLII’, PRIMER, PROPELLII~GCHARGE, MAIIK I.(F/ales X11andXTIL)

Theprimer, which is usedto ignite the propelling charge,consistsof a shortenedbrassP303-inchMark VII cartridge case,jim the baseof which is fitted a percussioncap. The case is perforated with20 holes andlined with a papercylinder which contains 12~grainsof guncotton yarn, dusted with as mucim mealedblack powderaswill adhere. The mouth of time case is closedby being crimpedinandsealedby dipping in beeswax.

The primeris held in the recessitm the bombvanesby a retainingcup. , The cup is of spring brassandcarriesa clip which is securedto it by a steelstriker. Theclip (seePlate XIII) hasfour arias,whichengageunderthe rim of time cartridgecaseof the primer.

FUZE, I’ERCIJSSION, No., 110.

(Plate XIV.)

The Mark III fuze consistsof the following principal parts

Body, liner,’ shearing,wire pistonwith striker, safety pin withbecket,guide washer,dustcapand rubberdisc.

15

The body,which is madeof castiron, is screw-threadedexternallyat its lower end for screwing into the bomb,a flange being formedabovethe thread,while its upperendis notched‘for the receptionofthe safetypin. Internally, the upper end of the body is boredoutto receivethe limier and striker piston with striker, while the lowerendis boredto receivean igniter or detonatorand the guide washer.A shoulderwith grooveis formedat the lowerendof the topopeningto supportthe liner. Three flats arecut externally on the body toreceive the No. GOA key, which is used for fixing or removing thefuze.

The liner is of steeland is split to enable it to be sprung intoposition in the upper end of the body, where it is supportedbyresting in the above-mentionedgroove. A coppershearingwire isfixed acrossit nearits lower end,while its upper end hastwo holesfor the receptionof the safetypin.

Thestriker piston consistsof two cup-shapedpiecesof mild sheetsteel,placed baseto baseand held togetherby the steel striker,which is rivetedin position. Theupperpieceis preparedto receivethe safety pin. The piston complete with striker is sprung intoposition inside the liner, its lower end resting upon the shearingwire, which keepsthe strikerclear of the cap of igniter or detonatem-until the bombstrikes.

The dustcap is of mild steel; it is placedon top of the body andheld in position by a steel wire safety pin, passedthrough the dustcap, liner and striker piston andrestingin the notch in the body.

Thesafetypin is furnishedwithatarredwhipcordsafetybecket,theloose endsof which arepassedaroundthe cap and tied tightly belowthe openendof the safetypin with a reef knot.

Therubber disc is securedto the insideof the capby cement.Theguide washeris of sheetsteelandis sprung into position in

tile lowerportionof the body. It hasa central opening to supportthe lower end of the igniter or detonator.

The partsof the fuze madeof iron or steelare tin-platedor rust-proofedby thme Fermanganprocess.

Preparationoffuze.—Withdrawthe cap with liner attachedandinsert the igniter or detonatoras ordered. Insert the liner in thebodyand presshome until the bottom of the liner restsupon thebaseof the recessin the fuze body ; in this position the top of theliner will beflush with the top of the fuze body. The safetypinwill be’ withdrawnandcapremovedimmediatelybeforeloading.

Action..—On discharge,tile shearing wire preventsthe strikersettingback on to the capof igniter or detonator,but o~mimpact thestrikerpistonis crushedin, breakingthe shearingwire and forcingthe striker on to the cap; this fires the igniter or detonator,theflash from which passesinto the exploder ammd thus detonatestheburstingchargein the bomb.

FUZE, PERCUSSION,No. 134, MARK I.(Plate XV.)

Thefollowing are the principal partsBody, detonatorpellet, delay holder, magazine,guard, needle,

guardspring andcreepspring.

16

The body is of metal, screw-threadedexternally for screwinginto the adapterand for holding in position the magazine. Theinterior is bored out and screw-threadedat the bottom to takethe delay holder. The headis screw-threadedinternally to takethe needle. Two key slots are cut in the head to take the keyNo. 64 or 64A which is usedfor fixing or removingthe faze.

The detonatorpellet is of metal and is providedexternallywiththree inclined projections in one piece with the pellet. At thebottom end it is screwed externally to take the “nut, detonatorpellet,” which forms a seating for the lower end of the guardspring. The pellet is bored out internally and screw-threadedatthe bottom to retain in position a powderpellet, while near thetop a diaphragmis formed provided with a flash hole. A seatingis formed at the top to take the detonator. The cavity below thedetonatoris filled with mealedpowder.

The delay holder screwsinto the bottom of the fuze body andisfilled with meatedpowderto give a delayof ~2Osecond.

The magazineis screw-threadedinternally at the top to screwon to the bottom of the body and is closed at the bottom with acopperdisc sweatedinto an internal recess. It is filled with finegrain powderand,the threadsare coated with Pettman’s cementbeforeassembly.

The gi.w~rdis in two pieces,upperandlower, which are identical.Eachis provided with threeramps which are designedto suit timeinclined projectionson the detonatorpellet.

The needleis of brass,four-pointed; it is screwedinto the headof the fuze andsecuredby punch stabbing.

Theguard spring is of steel. Its lower end bearsagainst the“nut, detonatorpellet,” the upper end against a seating on theundersideof the lower guard.

Thecreep spring is of bronze. Its lower end bearsagainsttheupper guard,the upper end againsta seating formed in the bodynearthe head.

Action.~—Whenthe faze is assembledand at rest the rampsformed on the upperguard bear against the top of the inclinedpi’ojections on the detonatorpellet by time action of the creepspring.The baseof the lower guard is pressedagainst the bottom of timeinclined projections on the detonator pellet by the action of theguard spring. The two guardsand the projections on the pelletare thus interlocked and time friction set up effectively locks theguards,the upperguardcompletelymaskingthe detonator.

On the shock of discharge the lower guard sets back over-coming and further compressingthe guard spring The ramps onit ride down the inclined projections omi the pellet causing theguard to slightly revolve. The upper guard is then free to followthe 1owerunderthe action of the creepspringandthe set-backthusunmasksthe detonator. The guard spring then re-assertsitselfandits upwardpressurejamstime guardsin the set-backposition.

The creepspring preventsa reboundactiomm.On impact the detonator pellet moves forward overcoming the

creep spring and carrying the detonatoron to the needle. Theflash froimi the detonatorignites the mealedpowder in the pellet,

17

which communicateswith the delay compositionin the holder thence~to the ~.fine grain powder in the magazine;the copper disc isdestroyed and the exploder ignited, this in turn exploding theburstingchargein time shell.

Thefuze is designednot to arm at rangesof 600 yardsandunderat 45°andis thereforenot suitable for use with the 1st and2ndcharges.

IGNITER WITH DELAY, No. 110 FUZE, MARK II.(Plate XIV.)

Theigniter is containediii a blackened 303-inch cartridge casewith cap. Inside time casebelow the cap is placeda paper cylinder~-ineh long; underthis is a glazed boardwasherwith a central holeand below this is the “Delay,” consistingof a piece of “Fuze,Safety,No 15A,” ~6-inehlong, which is containedin apaper cylinderandrestson a glazedboardwasher,also with a central hole.

Time remainderof the easeis filled with not less than 17 grainsofB.F.G.2powdercontainedin apapercylinder. Time partsareheld inposition by the mouth of the case being crimpedin andsealedbydipping in beeswaxor Pettman’scement.

For identification purposes,the headof the caseis paintedblueamid a blue band,i-inch wide, is paintedround the body of the case.

Two holes are bored through the aase above the safetyfuze toallow for the‘escapeof gas; the holesare coveredby a strip of papersimellacedaroundthe exterior of tile case.

DI~TONATOR,No. 110 FIJZE, MARK II.(Plate XI V.)

The detonatorconsistsof a blackened~303-inchservice cartridgecasewith cap, the easebeing lined with a paper cylinder. Insidethe case below time cap is shellaceda short paper cylinder, belowwhich is a “Detonator,No. 6, Large,Mark I,” containingfulminate ofmercury composition. The detonatoris held in position by themouth of the casebeingturnedoverandclosedwith beeswax.

The headof the caseis paintedred.As thesedetonatorscontainfulminate of mercury they should be

handled with great care and never subjected to violence wheninserting them into, or removingthem from, the body of the fuze.

ADAPTEft, 2-]NoIr FUzE-1IOLE, No. 14, MARK I.The No. 14 adapteris of castiron. It isscrew-threadedexternally

to time 2-incim fuze-holegauge,and two flats are formed to take thejaws of No. 64 key. It is boredout throughthe centre and screw-threadedto take time “Faze,Percussion,No. 134.”

ADAPTER, 2-INCH FUZE-HOLE, No. 14k, MARK I.This adapterdiffers principally from the No. 14 in not being

formed.witha flangeand ‘ in having an ‘increased tength of threadexternally. The flats formed at time head of the adapterare to adecreaseddimension,necessitatingtime use of No. 64A key.

(B 14849) B

18

PACKING OF AMMUNITION.Thereare two methodsof packingthe ammunition,viz.(1) Bombs. Onein a “Case,packing,skeleton,bomb,M.L. 6-inch

TrenchMortar, Mark I or II.”Fazes,No. 110 .. 20Primers,propelling charge 20 In “Box, ammunition cotmi-Ianiters .. ... 20 ponents, M.L. 6-mehDetonators .. - -. 20 Trench Mortar, B.119,Exploders .. ... 20 Mark II.”Firing clips ... ... 20Key, No. OOA .. ... 1

The fazesare packedloose. Theigniters,detonatorsandprimers‘are issued in 12 cardboardboxes; eachbox contains5. The card-boardboxes are packedin a tinned plate box. The explodersarepackedin four tinned plate boxesandthe firing clips are issuedon acard.

hf f b ~filled ... .,. 42-lbs. 0-ozs.eig 0 OX~~emPty ... ... 14-lbs. 8-ozs.

~In “Box, propelling chargesCharges,propelling .. 40) and igniters, M.L. 6-inchIgniters, emergency ... 4~) Trench Mortar, A.2,

L Mark II.”The “Charges, propelling,” are packed in 20 tinned plate

cylinders; each cylinder contains two completecharges, i.e., eight1-oz. guncotton and eight 1~-oz.cordite charges. The emergencyigniters are packedtwo in a No. 187 cylinder.

hilled ... ... 55-lbs. 8-ozs.Weight of box1,empty ... ... 23-lbs. 0-ozs.

(2) Bombs. One in a “Case, packing, skeleton, bomb, M.L.6-inch TrenchMortar, Marks I or II.”

Fazes,No, 110 . . - .. 5Primers,propelling charge 5Igniters ... ... ... 5Detonators ... ... 5 In “Box, ammunition corn-Charges,propelling .. 5 ponents, M.L. 6-inchExploders ‘ ... ... 5 TrenchMortar, 13.152.”Igniter, emergency ... 1Firing clips - -. ... 5Key, No. 60A ... ... 1

Thefuzesarepackedloose, The igniters,detonatorsand primersareeachpacked 5 in a tinned platebox. The completechargesareeachpackedin a No. 201. cylinder,the emergencyigniter in a No. 202cylinder and the explodersin a tinned platebox. The firing clipsare issuedon a card.

Ifilled ... •.. 20-lbs. 0-ozs.Weight of box•~~~p~y... ... 10-lbs. 8-ozs.

The fazesNo. 134 andadaptersNo. 14 are packedasfollows :—

One fuze andadapterNo. 14 in Cylinder,No. 134F, Mark I.No. 14A ,, No. 134F, Mark II.

19

MISCELLANEOUS STORES.BAND, PROTECTING, OLINOMETER COLLAR, M.L. 6-INcH TRENCH

MORTAR.(Plate VII.)

The band is of steel and is preparedinternally to fit over thecollaron the barrel for the protectionof the collar while the mortar’is in transit. A clampingbolt with flynut is provided on the band.for retainingthe latterin position on the barrel.

EJECTOR, GAS, M.L. 6-INCH TRENCH MO~TAII.(Plate VII.)

The MarkIV gasejectorconsistsof a tubularsteel rod, a metalheadanda “ T” shapedhandle. The rod is screw-threadedat eachendfor connectionto tile handleandheadportionswhich aresecured.by split pins. A small hole is bored through the woodplugsof time“1” handleto allow for the escapeof gas. The head is of convex:form on the faceandthreadedinternally in the centrefor reception~of the wire brush, its diameter being slightly less than the bore.On inserting the ejectorin the borethe gasis forcedup through theninterior of the rod andemittedthroughthe endsof time handle.

The Mar/c III gasejector differs principally from the Mark I Vin the head and handle being brazedto the rod instead of beingremovable.

BRUSH, WIRE, M.L. 6-INch TRENCH MORTAR.(Plate VII.)

The Mark I wire brush is usedfor cleaning out the bore and..consistsof four wood segmentsfacedwith card wire and curved at;the front end to suit the interior, of the breechpiece and strikerstud; a front flangeandrearflangeof castiron and a steel spindle..The flangesare formedwith perforationsto engagethe ends of time’retaining plateson the brush segments. The spindle is of squaresteelhaving a fiat steel springattachedby screwsto eachof its foursides; the ~pringsact as supportsbehind time brush segmeiltswhenin usein tife bore. Theprojectingendof the spindle is threadedt~suit the head of the gas ejector, in conjunction with which it i~used,the rod of the ejectorservingas a stavefor the wire brush.

The Mark IT brush differs principally from the Maric I in beingformed with four expandingwood segments and a steel spindlehavingflat steelspringsattachedthereto. Time wood segmentseachhavea steelplatewhich engageswith thefrontandrearflangesand saretainstime segmentsin position. The front flange is securedon thespindleby a grubscrewandtherearflangeby a nutwithspring washer.

The brushis- also provided with an adapterrivetedto the spindleto enablethe brushto be attachedto thegasejector.

SPONGE, M.L. 6-INCH TIIENcII MORTAR, MARK I.The spongeis used for cleaning the bore of the mortar and

consistsof a wood headbuilt up of four segmentsriveted to a woodcore and provided, with a cast-ironflangewhich is threadedon timesocket portion for attachment to the gas ejector. The head i~furnishedwith a coveringformed of canvaswith sheepskinattachedandis protectedbyan outerbagof waterproofcanvas;boththe sheep-skin coveringandthe outerbagareheld on the headby drawcords.

20

BAG, CLINOMETEII, Ivl.L. 6-INCH TRENCH MORTAR, MARK I.The bag is providedfor carrying the clinometerwhen it is not in

use. It is of canvasand is furnishedwith a drawstring insertedthrougheyeletsat the mouth for use as a sling.

CAP, MUZZLE, M.L. 6-INCH TRENCH MORTAR, MARK IL(Plate Vii.)

The cap consistsof a wood block with canvasbag andleatherstrap. The block is of hardwood shapedto fit in the muzzleof themortarand is covered by a canvasbag, which is securedto it bymeansof a leather band and copper nails. The cap is securedinposition by a leatherstrap,which is passedaroundthe mortarbelowthe flangeformedat the muzzle.

IMPLEMENrS, AMMUNITION-—KEY, No. 40.TheMark II key, which is made of steel,is used for removing

the faze-holeplugs. One side is chathferedto form a screwdriver;the otherside hasa projection to fit the fuze-holeplug.

It is fitted with a loop of white cotton line.IMPLEMENTS, AMMUNITION—KEY, No. 60.

This key, which is used for fixing or remmmovimmg time No. 110Marks I andII fuzes,is made in the form of a spanner,the jaw ofwhich is shapedto fit aroundtime body of the fuze.

It is fitted with a loop of white cotton line.

IaIPLEMENTS, AMMUNITION—KEY, No. 60A.Timis key is generallysinmilar to the No. 60 key, described above,

differingonly in thedimensionsof ~hejaw. It is used for fixing orremovingthe No. 110Mark III fuze.

IMPLEMENTS, AMMUNITION — Kxv, No. 64.This key is used for fixing or removing the “adapter, No. 14,”

required for use witim faze No. 134 and for fixing or removingNo. 134 fuze. One endof the key is simapedto grip the flats on theNo. 14 adapter; the otimer end of time key is madewith jaws to fitthe slots irm the headof No. 134 fuze.

IMPLEMENTS, AMMUNITION—KEY, No. 64A.This key is usedfor fixing or removingthe “adapters,Nos. 14 or

14A,” requiredfor use with No. 134 fuzeandfor fixing or reimlovingNo. 134 fuze. Thejaw of time key is sufficiently wide for the outerhalf of its depth to grip time flats on the No. 14 adapter,the innerhalf being made to fit time narrower flats of time No. 14~adapter.Time otimer endof the key is made with jaws to fit the slots in tileheadof No. 134 fuze.

WRENCh, SmIKER STun, M.L. 6-iNch TRENCH MORTAR.- (Plate VII.)

The wrench is used for insertiimg and removing time striker studinto or fron,i time jimortar andconsistsof asteelspindlewith supportingdisc andhead. The spindle is simaped at the outerend with a loopfor a tommy andis provided at the innerendwith a supportingdiscfor retainingtime wm’enclm in a central position jim the boreamid a headrecessedto suit the hexagonal flats cmi the striker stud. Timesupportingdisc andheadarescrewedon time spindleandsecuredinposition by arivet. ___________________

Printed under the authority of III, MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFFICE l~y1iarrisonand Sons,Ltd.,Printer, in Ordinary to iiI~Majesty, St. Martin’s Lane, London, W.C. 2.

MILITARY BOOK8, publiehedby Aul/mor~ty—couttnuad.

(A. to price. in bracket., i.e top of page 2.)

Guns. Handbooks for—continued.Stokes3-hue1,TrenchMortar. M.L. Land Sorvice. 1919. is. 64. (Ii. ‘24.)M.L. Stokes 3-inch Trench Mortar Equipments. Land Service, 1919. (i920).

i~.Cd. (is. 24.),mee also MACHINE Guze; M,JSICETRTEEGUX.ATION5, PART I; awl

RIFLE, Rosa MAGAZINE.HISTORICAL BECORDSOP THE BRITISH ARMY:—

Horse Guards. Si. (Si. 7(1.)7th Ilussars. 48. (2s. lid.)DragoonGuards,3rd, and7th. Each4a. (Si.)Dragoons,1st, 3rd, 14th, and16th. Each4a. (Si.)

DItto. 18th. Si. (2i. 54.)Marine Corps. Si. (2s.24.)Foot,2nd, 8th, 10th, 11th, 18th, 15th, 16th, 17th, 18th, 19th, 21st, 22td, 86th,

89th, 46th, 53rd, 67th, 71st, 72nd, 73rd, 74th, 86th, 87th, and 92nd,Each4s. (ha.)

Do. 14th, 56th, 61st,70th,and88th. EachSi. (2i. 8(1.)HISTORIES, SHORT, OP TEE TERRITORIAL REGIMENTS OF TEE

BRITiSH ARMY. 67 numbers,each1(1. (ld.); In one volume, 6.. (8..3d.)Ditto. The ScotsGuards. id. (1(1.)Ditto. The 6th (InnIskilihi~.)Dragoons. fOul ojprine). 14. (14.)Ditto. RevisedEditions. Each1(1. (14.):—

Alexandra, Princess of Wales’s The NorthamptonshireRegiment.Own (Yorkshire Regiment). TheOxfordshireandBuokinghamshlre

The Betlfordsl,ire Regiment. Light Infantry.The Black Watch (Royal High- The Princeof Wales’s LeinstetBegi-

landers). , inent(RoyalCanadians).The Cameroufans(Scottish Rifles). The Prince of Wales’s Own (WestThe CheshireRegiment. YorkshireRegiment).The Duke of Cornwall’s Light The Prince of Wales’s Volunteers

Infantry. (SouthLancashireRegiment).The Duke of Wellington’s West The Princess Charlotte of Wales’s

Biding Regiment. (The Royal BerkshireRegiment).The DurhamLight Infantry. The Princess Louis,,’s Argyll andT1~eEastLancashireRegiment. Sutherlandflighianders.The EastSurreyRegiment. The Queen’s (Royal West SurreyTheHampshireRegiment. Regiment).The highlandLight Infantry. TheRoyal Innlskllling Fusiliers.The King’s Own (BoyalLancaster The Royal SussexRegiment.

Reginlent). The Royal WelshFusiliers.TheKing’s OwnScottishBorderers. The SouthStaffordshireRegiment.The LancashireFushliers. The Suffolk Regiment.The LoicestershiroRegiment. The Welsh Regiment.The LoyalNorth LancashireBegi- TheWorcestershireRegiment.

flient.HORSES. ARMY. Notes on theFeeding,Management,and Issueof. ld. (ld.)

Seealio ANIMAL MANAGEMENT.HOSPITALS. MILITARY FAMILIES’. Nursing Staff Regulations. Dec.

1909. Id. (ld.) Seealso NmtstNo SauvIcEand TEIUUT01IIAL FOIICE.HOSTILITIES WITHOUT DECLARATION O1~WAR FROM 1700 TO

1870. 2.. (Ii. 7(1.).HYGIENE. ~LE15LENTAI1Y MILITARY. Manualof. 1912. 6(1. (GeL)

Seeaim PHYsIoLoGY AND ScuooLs.INDIAN EMPIRE. THE. A short reviewandsomeRlut~for theuseof Soldiers

proceedin to India. 64. (64.)INPANTR TRAINING. (4-companyorganization.) 1914. (Reprinted1916).

Ditto. Amendments,July, Aug. 1916; Dec. 1918. Each 14. (1(1.)INJURIES AND DISEASES OF WAR. Manual basedon experience of the

presentCampaignin France. Jan.1918. 9(1. (8(1.)INSTITUTES. Garrison and Regimental. Rules for theManagementof. 1916. ld.

(1(1.)ITA~LIAN CAVALRY TRAINING REGULATIONS. 1911. Training for

Marches, Tacticsof Minor Units, and Training of Patrols. Translated. 44. (8(1.)JAMAICA. StandingOrders. 1912. 1.. (3d.)JERSEY. ROYAL MILITIA OF THE ISLAND OF. Be~ulat1oni. 1914.

With theJerseyMilitia Law, 1905. 1.. 34. (lie.)KING’S REGULATIONS AND ORDERS FOR THE ARMY. 1912.

(Reprinted,with, Amendmentspublished in Army Orders up to Aug. 1, 1914).(Reprinted1918.) 1,. Cd. (18. 24.); Amendmentspublishedin Army Orders betweenSept.1, 1914, and Aug. 1, 1916. 14. (id); Amendments published in ArmyOrders betweenSept. 1, 1916 and March 1, 1918. 14. (14.); AmendmentsplIb-liehei in Army Orders betweenMarch 1, 1918, anti April ;Jo, 1920. 3d. (3d.);Amendmentspublishedin Army Orders,1920. 14. (14.)

KIT PLATES:—Artillery. Royal—

6. Garrison. Kit laid out for inspection. 1909. 2(1. (24.)10. Ditto. Kit in BarrackBoom. 1909. 2(1. (24.)

(B 14849)

MILITARY BQOKR,publishedbp Authority—continued.

(A. to prioe. in brackets, seetop of x,age2.)

Kit Plates—continued.Oa~alry.1891. 14. (14.)Engineers. Royal—

1. Dismounted. Detailof Shelfand Bedding,with MarchingOrderreadyto puton. Detail of ShelfandBedding,with Drill Order readyto puton. 1914.14. (Id.)

2. Dismounted. Full Kit laid out for Inspectionin BarrackRoom. 1914. 14. (Id.)4. Mounted N.O.O. or Driver and Field Troop

5spper. Full Kit laid out for

InspectionIn BarrackRoom. 1910. 1(1. (14.)6. Mounted. Detail of ShelfandBedding. 1910. Id. (14.)6. Driver, with pair of Horses. Field Kit laid out for Inspection on Parade,

including Articleacarriedin Valise on BaggageWagon. 1899. 1(1. (14.)Infantry—

Highland. 1884. 1(1. (1(1.)MedicalCorps. RoyalArmy. Kit in BarrackRoom, 1912. 2(1. (2(1.)OrdnanceCorps. Army. For Guidanceat MarchingOrderandKit Inspections. 24.

(24.)LARGE FORMATIONS. The Operationsof. (Conduits des Grandes thnitds)

Translatedfrom the Field ServiceRegulationsof the FrenchArmy, datedOct. 28,1913. 6d. (54.)

LAW. Military. Manualof. 1914. (Reprinted1917). 8.. 64. (2s. 104.) Amendments.May 1919. 14. (ld.’h

MACHINE-GUN OOISIPANY TRAINING. Infantry. 1917. ProvIsional. Toberoad in conjunctionwith Infantry TrainingandMusketryRegulations. Gd. (5(1.)

MACHINE GUNS AND SMALL ARMS, ~S08-inch.Nomenclature of Parts,Stripping, Assembling, Action, Jams, Misslires, Failures, and Inspection ofRevisedEdItion. 1917. Cd. (6d.)

MAGAZINES AND CARE OF WAR MATERIEL. Regulations for. 1918.(Reprinted,with Amendments,published in Army Orders up to March 81, 1917.)ii. Gd. (ii. 3d.)

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MEDICAL DEPABTM16N~’. Army. Index to Appendices of Reportsfrom 1869to 1896. 84. (34.)

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ORANGE FREE STATE TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEY, 1905-1011. Reporton the. 10.. (7..)

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Notesatiti Slen:,,rau:laott the Mauagei::ei:t of. 1911. itS (1(1.)13

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