Handbook FromPianoToStrings Notations

8/10/2019 Handbook FromPianoToStrings Notations

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/handbook-frompianotostrings-notations 1/157



!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/

! # $!%&'%!( ) !*+,--. /0123 #4562 72 871469:

0 1 2#&%!- 3 )4(%" " %5'&%6 0 1 !%.%" * )3"%(,% ) *%7)(6%"



P r o f e ssi o nal O r c h e s t r a t i o nT M : A P r a c t i c al H a nd b ook – F r o m P ia no t o S t r i n gs

Copyright ©2009 by Peter Lawrence Alexander

Alexander Publishing

P.O. Box 1720

Petersburg, VA 23805

www.alexanderpublishing.com

Alexander Publishing is the

Publishing division of Alexander University, Inc.

P r o f e ssi o nal O r c h e s t r a t i o n is a service mark of Alexander University, Inc.

Digital eBook edition published 2009

ISBN-13: 978-0-939067-47-3

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

No part of this publication may be stored in a retrieval system, transmitted, or reproduced, in any way, including

but not limited to: photocopy, photograph, magnetic or other record, without the prior agreement and written

permission of the publisher.

Every eff ort has been made to supply complete and accurate inf ormation. However, Alexander University, Inc.,

and its af filiates, assumes no responsibility f or its use, nor f or any inf ringement of the intellectual property rights

of third parties which may result f rom such use.

FILE SHARING

This eBook is ONLY available f rom www.alexanderpublishing.com. If you have this file, or a print out and didn’t

purchase it f rom Alexander Publishing you have an illegal copy and are depriving the author and publisher of

their rightf ul royalties. Please visit www.alexanderpublishing.com to purchase a legal copy and inf orm us of file

sharing abuse. Your honesty is much appreciated.

Cover design and layout by Caroline J. Alexander

Alexander, Peter Lawrence, 1950-



!" $%&'()%$ *+$%, *-($()% . /&%&-("/ 0-%1&- 2'3+-' 4(+5"6 +)' 7"$(*1 8+9)(-:

;+< <"&- $=>??$ 9-"3, '(@(?"* . (6*?"'( /-"A <"&- (//"-%$ >) %1>$ B""= . 3"-=B""=:



Acknowledgements: A Word of Thanks

Preface: A Simple Idea

Introduction: Getting the Most Out of “From Piano to Strings”

Something to Avoid

Where and How to Start

The Audio Examples

How Labeled

Support Materials

How to Approach Formal MIDI Mockups

How Maurice Ravel Approached Transcription Work Why You Should Start With Strings First

Give It Time

Working With the Reference Chart of Keyboard Idioms

Conclusion

Chapter 1: Broken Intervals1. Broken Octaves

2. Broken Octaves With Embellishments

3. Broken Octaves Combined With Thirds

4. Broken Sixths

5. Broken Thirds

6. Broken Sixths and Thirds Combined

Chapter 2: Broken Chords1. Left-Hand Broken Chords in Close Position

2. Left-Hand Broken Chords in Open Position

3. Broken Chords Spaced for Two Hands

4. Broken Chords in Right-Hand With Implied Melodic Line

5. Broken Chords With Blocked Melodic and Rhythmic Patterns

6. Arpeggiated Chords

!"#$% '( )'*+%*+,

" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " !

" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " !!!

" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " #"

" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " $

" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " $#

" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " $#

" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " $#

" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " $##

" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " $##

" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " $###

" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " $###

" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " $###

" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " $###

" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " $%

" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " #

" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " &

" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " '

" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " (

" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " )

" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " *

" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " &+

" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " ##

" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " &&

" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " &,

" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " &)

" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " -&

" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " -'

" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " -(



!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ ! # $! %& '%! ( ) !*+,--. / 0123 #4562 72 871469:

Chapter 3: Melodic Lines & Figurations1. Large Melodic Skips

2. Outlining a Melodic Line

3. Dividing a Melodic Line

4. Melodic Lines Combined With Repeated Note Patterns

5. Melodic Settings: Contrasts, Comparative Strengths, and Repeated Phrases

Chapter 4: Implied Bass Parts

Chapter 5: Single–Note, Interval & Chord Repetitions1. Repeated Notes—Without Rests

2. Repeated Notes—With Rests

3. Repeated Intervals as Afterbeats

Chapter 6: Two– & Three–Part Music1. Homophonic

2. Polyphonic

3. Style Mixtures

Chapter 7: Spacing Problems in the Middle Register1. Large Harmonic Gaps

2. Sustained Notes, Intervals and Chords

Chapter 8: Contrast Problems Conditioned by Dynamics

Chapter 9: Voice Leading

Chapter 10: Obbligato or Added Secondary PartsArranged from Harmonic Progressions

Chapter 11: Antiphonal Effects

Chapter 12: Tremolo Types

Chapter 13: Dance Forms

APPENDIX I: Chart of String Unisons

APPENDIX II: String Ensemble Templates

Holberg Suite: For Piano Solo

Holberg Suite: For String Ensemble

" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " "#

" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " #$

" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " %&

" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " %'

" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " %(

" " " " " " " " " " " )#

" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " $%

" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " $&

" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " )'

" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " )(

" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " )$

" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " ''

" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " &&

" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " &$

" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " *+

" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " ('

" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " *&

" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " **

" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " (#

" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " &)

" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " &'

" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " &#

" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " *)

" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " *%

" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " *#

" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " #)

" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " #'

" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " ))%



i

!"#$ &'(#$#)* +),-. *)/ "0(' 1''* 2)$$#1-' +#/"),/ /"' '33)&/$ )3 /"&'' ),/$/0*.#*4#*.#(#.,0-$5 607 !)3)*' 0/ 607 !)3)*' 6,$#8 9'&(#8'$ #* 9+#/:'&-0*. 2&).,8'.;,8" )3 /"#$ +)&<5 =#/" "#$ *'+ '*4&0(#*4$ #* 9#1'-#,$ )3 0-- /"' ;,$#80- '70;2-'$

#* !"#$ &'()# *# +*"'),- 0*. /"' .#"/0##/5 607 40(' /"#$ +)&< -#3' 1> &'8)&.#*4 0-- /"'

0,.#) 3)& 1)/" /"' .#"/0##/ 0*. 1))<5 ?)& /"' !&$/ /#;' #* !3/> >'0&$@ A&5 =04*'&B$ +)&<"0$ $),*. 0*. 607 2&).,8'. #/5

C0*8' D)+-#*4@ E&'$#.'*/ )3 F0;1&#0 6,$#8 #$ 0 3)&;'& $/,.'*/ )3 A&5 =04*'&B$ 0*. "0$;0*> )3 A&5 =04*'&B$ )&#4#*0- 202'&$ #*8-,.#*4 A&5 =04*'&B$ 2)$/G2,1-#80/#)* 8)&&'8/#)*$)3 /"' )&#4#*0- +)&<5 C0*8' 0*. "#$ 0$$#$/0*/ ;0*,0--> $80**'. '08" 204' )3 /"' 1))< $)+' 8),-. "0(' /"#$ (#/0- &'3'&'*8'5 C0*8' 0-$) 2&)(#.'. ,$ +#/" 2#8/,&'$ )3 A&5 =04*'&@+"#8" 2&'(#),$-> +' "0. 1''* ;#$$#*45

?#*0-->@ 0 4&'0/ /&#1,/' /) /"' 2'&$)* +") 2,/ #/ 0-- /)4'/"'&@ ;> 1'0,/#3,- 1&#.'@ F0&)-#*'59"' "0$ 8&'0/'. 0 4&08#),$ -0>),/ /"0/B$ '0$> /) &'0. 0*. /) +&#/' *)/'$ #*5

! #$%& $' ()*+,-

Acknowledgements



ii

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ ! # $! %& '%! ( ) !*+,--. / 0123 #4562 72 871469:



iii

!"#$%" '()*"( +,*-./ )*0 1."2 #). 3,*"0 *4#," #$, -5.0, .4 #$, !6,"7-*2 87975

:*"; +, 5.9,( 6%07-< -.6=.072>< #,*-$72>< *2( =5*372> #$, 0#"72> 1*00; ?2 @ABC< *#

#$, *>, .4 DE< !"#$%" >"*(%*#,( 4".6 F$7.G0 F1,"572 8.20,"9*#."3< )$7-$ *# #$*#

#76, $*( 1.#$ * -.20,"9*#."3 *2( 0,672*"3; !4#," >"*(%*#7.2< F1,"572 *0H,( $76 #. 0#*3*2( #,*-$ #). #,"60 .4 ,*" #"*7272>; I$70 )*0 1,07(,0 #$, 4.%" #,"60 .4 $*"6.23 *2( 07/

#,"60 .4 -.%2#,"=.72# F1,"572 *5",*(3 #*%>$# 7#0 0#%(,2#0;

!"#$%" *--,=#,(;

J79, 3,*"0 5*#,"< 72 @ABA< !"#$%" #..H #$, ,/=,"7,2-, $, >*72,( 72 #,*-$72> ,*" #"*7272> *2(

#%"2,( 7# 72#. * #.= 2.#-$ #"*7272> 6,#$.( #$*# ,*"2,( $76 2*#7.2*5 ",-.>27#7.2; ?# )*0

#7#5,( 076=53< !"# %#"&'&'(; K7/ 3,*"0 5*#," 72 @BLM< $, )".#, )*++,'+ &' -"#.,'/;

N%"72> $70 #76, *# F1,"572< $, #..H * 0*11*#7-*5 *2( ),2# #. O,"6*23 #. 0#%(3 *# #$, P,7=Q7>

8.20,"9*#."3; J".6 P,7=Q7> $, ),2# #. R*"70 )$,", $, 0#%(7,( )7#$ S72-,2# (G?2(3 *# #$,

K-$.5* 8*2#."%6; T,-*%0, #$, R*"70 8.20,"9*#."3 $*( 0%-$ * $,*93 ,6=$*070 .2 .=,"*<6*7253 720#"%6,2#*5 -.6=.0,"0 4.%2( 7# (74!-%5# #. 1",*H 72#. #$, R*"70 6%07- 0-,2,; J."

#$*# ",*0.2 #$, K-$.5* 8*2#."%6 )*0 4.%2(,(;

K. *# #$, *(9*2-,( *>, .4 CU< !"#$%" 0#%(7,( )7#$ (G?2(3 )$.0, 0#%(,2#0 .9," #$, 3,*"0

72-5%(,( N*"7%0 V75$*%(< '"7H K*#7,< !"#$%" +.2,>>,"< *2( ?0**- !51,27Q; I$*# )*0 72

@BLB< )$,2 J",2-$ 76=",007.270#7- 6%07- 72 R*"70 )*0 15..672>; ?2 @B@L< $*972> !270$,(

$70 6%07-*5 0#%(7,0< !"#$%" 5,4# R*"70< J"*2-, *2( -*6, 1*-H #. F$7.< *2( #. F1,"572< )$,",

$, #*%>$# *2( =5*3,( 0#"72> 1*00 72 #$, 0-$..5 ."-$,0#"*;

! #$%&'( )*(+

Preface



iv

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ ! # $! %& '%! ( ) !*+,--. / 0 $-1 # ' ! * - &- 2 &$' * 32

!2( $, H,=# )"7#72> 1..H0; ?2 @B@U< $, )".#, 0*/1,"#2 %#"&'&'( &' -"#.,'/ *2( 72 @BDD<-"#.,'/ 3,# !/*4 !"# "'2 0*/1,"#2; T.#$ 1..H0 $*9, 1,,2 (7>7#7Q,( 13 O..>5, *2( -*2 1,4.%2( *# 1..H0;>..>5,;-.6;

!"#$%"G0 1..H0< 57H, #$.0, .4 $70 #,*-$72> -.2#,6=."*"7,0WO.,#0-$7%0< X7-$#,"< R".%#< *2( Y*(*00.$2< *", *55 *1.%# 0H755 (,9,5.=6,2#; I$,", 70 2. 0,20, .4 #$, 72#,55,-#%*5 *==".*-$.4 H2.)5,(>, 4." #$, 0*H, .4 H2.)5,(>,; :7#$ !"#$%"< *2( .#$," ,(%-*#."0 .4 #$*# =,"7.(<H2.)5,(>, 5,*"2,( 6%0# 1, H2.)5,(>, *==57,(;

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

,2$*2-, 6%07-*5 #"*7272> ="79*#,53 *2( 72 #$, -5*00"..6;

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

!"#$%"G0 *==".*-$ )*0 * 076=5, 7(,* #$*# -",*#,( * >,2%72, 1",*H#$".%>$ 72 -.617272>-.6=.07#7.2 *2( ."-$,0#"*#7.2; [. .#$," #,/#1..H .4 #$, =,"7.( (%=57-*#,( 7#; ?# )*0 #"%53*2 !6,"7-*2 ."7>72*5;

?2 @BC@< #$",, 3,*"0 *4#," 5#,6*78 )*++,'+ &' 9#7:*+8#"8&,' )*0 =%1570$,(< #$, F579," N7#0.28.6=*23< .2, .4 #$, 5*">,0# 6%07- =%1570$,"0 .4 7#0 (*3< )*0 1.%>$# 13 I$, I$,.(.",R",00," 8.6=*23; R",00," 0#755 $.5(0 #$, -.=3"7>$# *2( $*0 2,9," ",970,( #$, 1..H;

T%# C@ 3,*"0 5*#,"< 0.6,.2, ,50, (7(;

Y.0,=$ :*>2," )*0 1."2 72 @BLL 72 K="72>!,5(< V*00*-$%0,##0; +70 4*6753 5*#," 6.9,( #.R".97(,2-,< X$.(, ?05*2(< )$,", 72 @B@A $, >"*(%*#,( 4".6 #$, I,-$27-*5 +7>$ K-$..5;

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

J79, 3,*"0 5*#,"< 72 @BDB< Y.0,=$ :*>2," )*0 *==.72#,( #. #$, 6%07- 4*-%5#3 .4 T.0#.2\279,"07#3 )$,", $, #*%>$# ."-$,0#"*#7.2 *2( 1*2( 0-."72>; [. (.%1#< #$*#G0 )$,2 !"#$%"G0



v

!"%$),%/ ) &'0 ! *% '1%)

1..H )*0 0,2# #. Y.0,=$ :*>2," 4." #,/#1..H ",97,); I$,",G0 2. ",-."( 74 #$, #). ,9," 6,#." ,9,2 -."",0=.2(,( )7#$ ,*-$ .#$,";

I$, `CL0 *2( `ML0 4.%2( :*>2," 6*H72> >%,0# -.2(%-#72> *==,*"*2-,0< -.2(%-#72><

*2( 0#%(372>; J".6 @BCMa@BC^< :*>2," )*0 72 R*"70 0#%(372> -.6=.07#7.2 )7#$ [*(7*T.%5*2>," *2( -.2(%-#72> )7#$ R7,"", V.2#,%/ *2( J,57/ :,72>*"#2,"; V.2#,%/ $*(-.2(%-#,( #$, =",67," .4 K#"*9720H3G0 5*8#;+:<" *2( =&8* ,3 >?#&'( )$75, :,72>*"#2," $*(1,,2 * 0#%(,2# .4 J"*2Q P70Q#;

N%"72> #$*# #76,< $, )".#, * 2%61," .4 )."H0 72-5%(72> #). 1*55,#0< @"'7* @&A*#8&++*.*'8 *2( -;2+,' =&A*# )*(*'2;

@BM^< *0 :*>2," )".#, 72 *2 *%#.17.>"*=$7-*5 0H,#-$< b)*0 #$, $7>$,0# =,*H .4 $70 )."H0;cI$*# 3,*" $70 >/.?:,'/ BC (,1%#,(; K*7( #$, =,7:*+8*# @*.,7#"8 "'2 D:#,'&7E*< bd#$70 2,)036=$.23< 72 0=7#, .4 7#0 V*$5,",0Z%, 5,2>#$ ]C^ 672%#,0_ $*0 * >",*# (,*5 .4 6,*# 72 7#W=.),"4%5 =%50*#72> %0, .4 720#"%6,2#0< 0H755,( -.%2#,"=.72#< *2( *2 ,0=,-7*553 =5,*0*2# #$7"(

6.9,6,2#; X,0#5,00 ("79, *2( ,2,">3 *", 7#0 ="76, -$*"*-#,"70#7-0< *2( #$,3 $.5( #$, 72#,",0#;c

J." #$, 2,/# @M 3,*"0< :*>2," -.2#72%,( )"7#72> *2( -.2(%-#72>; T%# 0.6,#76, 72 #$,@B^LG0< $, 07>2,( * -.2#"*-# #. -",*#, #). 1..H0< 9#7:*+8#"8&,'F G 5#"78&7"E -"'21,,< *2(H"'2 >7,#&'(;

?2 ",0,*"-$72> N"; :*>2,"G0 574, 4." #$, ^L#$ !2279,"0*"3 .4 #$, =%157-*#7.2 .4 G 5#"78&7"E-"'21,,<< ? 6,# P*2-, T.)572>< =",07(,2# .4 8*61"7* X,-."(72>0; P*2-, )*0 N";:*>2,"G0 ="79*#, 0#%(,2# )$,2 $, #*%>$# *# R,==,"(72,; P*2-, 70 *2 ,2>*>72> 4,55.)< $*0*2 ,2-35.=,(7- 672(< *2( H2.)0 $70 +.553)..( !56 0-."72> $70#."3; T3 >..( 4."#%2,<P*2-, $*( 72 $70 !5,0 :*>2,"G0 #3=,)"7##,2 =*?,#8 ,' D,' ! 2*'8&"E I"#<*8 >;#A*/< )$7-$ 70:*>2,"G0 *00,006,2# .4 ."-$,0#"*#7.2 #,/#0< $.) #$, 0%1e,-# )*0 1,72> #*%>$#< *2( )$3 $70=".=.0,( 1..H )*0 #$, )722,";

P*372> #$, #). 1..H0 07(, 13 07(,< !"#$%" +,*-./G0 1",*H#$".%>$ #,/# )*0 -5,*"53 #$,=*##,"2 4." 1.#$ :*>2," 1..H0; T%# 72 #$, 5*#, @B^LG0< !"#$%"G0 1..H )*0 *5",*(3 4.">.##,2;?2 :*>2,"G0 6*"H,#72> ",=."# $, 570#0 7# *5.2> )7#$ :*5#," R70#.2G0 *2( f,2# f,22*2G0."-$,0#"*#7.2 1..H0< 1%# !"#$%" 70 >79,2 2. -",(7# 4." 1,72> #$, -."2,"0#.2, .2 )$7-$:*>2," )".#,;

T3 -.6=*"70.2< 72 #.2, *2( *==".*-$ :*>2,"G0 1..H 70 07675*"< 3,# "*(7-*553 (744,",2#;:*>2," *-H2.)5,(>,( #$70 .157Z%,53 )$,2 $, )".#,< bF#$," 1..H0 $*9, 5767#,( (70-%007.20*2( 0.5%#7.20 *5.2> #$, 572,0 .4 63 =*3*#*'7* D:"#8< 1%# #$,3 $*9, 2.# -.2070#,2#53 -*""7,(.%# #$, 7(,* 4." #$, ,2#7", )."H #. 1, (.2, 13 #$, 0#%(,2#; I$,7" 1..H0 *", 2.# -.2070#,2#.2 #$70 =.72#; V72, 70 -.2070#,2#;c

:"7#,0 :*>2," 72 $70 6*"H,#72> 1"7,4< bI$70 70 #$, .253 )."H .2 #$, 0%1e,-# #$*# -.2070#,2#53(,6.20#"*#,0 #$, 0-."72> .4 7(,2#7-*5 ,/*6=5,0 4." 0#"72>0< )..()72(0< 1"*00W*2( #$,4%55 ."-$,0#"* *--."(72> #. * -.6=5,#,53 2,) =5*2; I$70 =5*2 70 72-."=."*#,( 72 #$, =*3*#*'7*D:"#8 ,3 0*/1,"#2 J2&,.+;

bI$, =*3*#*'7* D:"#8 -*#*5.>%,0 *2( -5*007!,0 H,31.*"( 7(7.60 *2( =*##,"20 *0 #$,3 *",4.%2( 72 6%07- )$7-$ #$, 0#%(,2# 6%0#< .4 2,-,007#3< %0, *0 0.%"-, 6*#,"7*5; ?# 4%"#$,"0,"9,0 *0 * >%7(, 4." 70.5*#72> *2( ",(%-72> #$, ."-$,0#"*#."G0 =".15,60 #. (,!27#, *2(0=,-7!- (,#*750 )$7-$< )$,2 5,*"2,(< -*2 1, *==57,( #. *55 07675*" =".15,60 )7#$.%# 4%"#$,"



vi

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ ! # $! %& '%! ( ) !*+,--. / 0 $-1 # ' ! * - &- 2 &$' * 32

(74!-%5#3; g,#< 7#0 *==".*-$ #$".%>$ 0-.",0 .4 ,/*6=5,0 70 0%4!-7,2#53 1".*( *2( 9*"7,( #.*(( 2,) 7(,*0 #. *2 ,0#*1570$,( #,-$27-;c

I$, =*3*#*'7* D:"#8 ,3 0*/1,"#2 J2&,.+ -.2#*720 @C -*#,>."7,0 .4 =7*270#7- (,97-,0; ?2 #$,

1..H< :*>2,"< 57H, !"#$%"< %0,( =7*2. ,/-,"=#0 ",=",0,2#72> ,*-$ (,97-, *2( ."-$,0#"*#,(#$,6; :7#$ ,*-$ ,/*6=5,< :*>2," ,/=5*720 )$3 $, #..H #$, 0-."72> *==".*-$ $, (7(;

K*7( :*>2,"< b!5#$.%>$ #$, =*3*#*'7* D:"#8 70 (,07>2,( ="76*"753 4." H,31.*"( 6%07-< 7#70 13 2. 6,*20 -.2!2,( ." 5767#,( #. #$, 0-."72> .4 6%07- ,/-5%079,53 4".6 #$, 6,(7%6;J%55 -.>27Q*2-, $*0 1,,2 >79,2 #. *55 -.6=.0,"0 )$. )70$ #. 0#%(3 ."-$,0#"*#7.2< )$,#$,"#$,3 )"7#, 0H,#-$,0 4." =7*2.< .">*2< ." (7",-#53 4." ."-$,0#"*; I$, %0, .4 #$, =*3*#*'7* D:"#8 70 72#,2(,( 0. #$*# #$, 0#%(,2#G0 0-."72> #,-$27- )755 1,-.6, -%6%5*#79,; +, 5,*"20 .2,#$72> *# * #76, *2( 0..2 (70-.9,"0 #$*# ,*-$ #$72> 70 ",5*#,( #. #$, 0%6 #.#*5 .4 * -.6=5,#,#,-$27-;c

:*>2,"G0 !2*5 0#,= )*0 -",*#72> * )."H1..H .4 =7*2. ,/*6=5,0 ",",-#72> #$, =*3*#*'7*

D:"#8 ,3 0*/1,"#2 J2&,.+; F2, ,/*6=5, 70 1,5.)< 8$*1"7,"G0 H,;##** K"'8"+L;*;

:*>2,"G0 D,'7E;+&,' 4." $70 6*"H,# 0%66*"3 70 )."#$ ",*(72>;

b?# 0,,60 #. 6,<c $, )".#,< b#$*# #$, .2, ",*553 76=."#*2# =.72# #. H,,= 72 672( 72 #$,=".6.#7.2 .4 #$70 1..H -.2-,"20 #$, 4.55.)72> 4*-#; I$,", *", * 2%61," .4 !"0#h-5*00I",*#70,0 .2 #$, 6*"H,# *2( #$,3 -.9," 6.", #$*2 * -,2#%"3 72 #76,; I$,", )*0< #$,",4.",<2. ",*5 2,,( 4." *2.#$," I",*#70, .2 #$70 0%1e,-#; V3 1..H )*0 =5*22,( *2( (,07>2,(<2.# *0 * I",*#70,< 1%# *0 * +*2(1..H< .2, )$7-$ -.2#*72,( 2.# .253 ",4,",2-, 6*#,"7*5<1%# *50. * -.2-",#, *2( 0=,-7!- *##*-H .2 #$, =".15,60 )$7-$ ,9,"3 2.97-, ."-$,0#"*#.",2-.%2#,"0 )7#$ #$70 0%1e,-#; I$,",4.",< 7# 0%==5,6,2#0 *2( >.,0 1,3.2( ,/70#72> I",*#70,013 -.2070#,2#53 =".97(72> 6*#,"7*5 2.# $,",#.4.", 4.%2( 72 #$70 4."6;c



vii

!"%$),%/ ) &'0 ! *% '1%)

F2 =%157-*#7.2< G 5#"78&7"E -"'21,,< ",-,79,( "*9, ",97,)0 72 *-*(,67* 4".6 T.0#.2\279,"07#3< #$, \279,"07#3 .4 :70-.2072< #$, \279,"07#3 .4 [,9*(*< )$*# )*0 #$,2 '*0#8*".572* 8.55,>,< *2( 8.5%617* \279,"07#3;

N,0=7#, #$, ",97,)0< G 5#"78&7"E -"'21,,< )*0 2.# *15, #. 1",*H #$, $.5( #$*# #$, 6.",0%"9,3 ."7,2#,( 1..H0 )"7##,2 13 R70#.2 *2( f,22*2 $,5(;

?2 $70 !5,0< P*2-, T.)572> *50. $*( 0,9,"*5 .4 N"; :*>2,"G0 ".3*5#3 0#*#,6,2#0 4".6 #$,=%1570$,"; K.6, 3,*"0< G 5#"78&7"E -"'21,,< 0.5( *0 6*23 *0 @DLL %27#0< )$75, .2, 3,*" 0*)* 5.) .4 @AB %27#0;

+*972> )."H,( #$".%>$ #$, 1..H *2( )."H1..H 630,54 ="79*#,53 )7#$ #$, 2.#,(+.553)..( ."-$,0#"*#."< !51,"# +*""70 ])$. )*0 2.672*#,( 4." * R%57#Q," R"7Q, 4." $70>%7#*" -.6=.07#7.2 4." !2(",0 K,>.97*_< 7# 1,-*6, .197.%0 #. 6, )$3 #$, 1..H (7(2G# #*H,.44 *0 7# 67>$# $*9,;

J7"0#< 7# #*H,0 #76, #. !270$; V.", #$*2 * 0,6,0#,";

K,-.2(< * 5*-H .4 0#%(,2#0 *2( 4*-%5#3 #. =5*3 #$, 0#%(,2#G0 )."H; 8.20,Z%,2#53< 2. .2,H2,) 74 )$*# #$,3 ),", )"7#72> )*0 -."",-#;

I$7"(< 7# #*H,0 * =7*270# =5*372> *# O"*(, P,9,5 S ." *1.9, #. =,"4."6 6*23 .4 #$, R7*2.,/*6=5,0 72 1.#$ #$, 1..H *2( M,#<1,,<;

+*==753< #$70 2,)53 ",970,( 9,"07.2 0.59,0 6*23 .4 #$,0, =".15,60;

K72-, ,*-$ 0,-#7.2 #*H,0 ".%>$53 .2, 0,6,0#," ,*-$ #. -.6=5,#,< ),G9, 1".H,2 #$, 5*">,"1..H 72#. #$",, 06*55," .2,0 ,2#7#5,( K#,. 5&"', 8, >8#&'(+< K#,. 5&"', 8, M,,2N&'2+< *2(K#,. 5&"', 8, 9#7:*+8#"; X,97,)72> N"; :*>2,"G0 6*"H,#72> 1"7,4< #$70 4%5!550 $70 9707.2 .40,,72> $70 )."H %0,( 72(797(%*553< 72 ="79*#, 720#"%-#7.2< *2( *# #$, *-*(,67- 5,9,5;

I$, ,/*6=5,0 72 ,*-$ 72(797(%*5 K#,.O 8,O 1..H ),", ",h#3=,0,# 72 K71,57%0 13 V*/I.4.2, .4 V*/ I.4.2, V%07- K,"97-,0 72 K)7#Q,"5*2(; I$70 ,2*15,( %0 #. -",*#, V?N?!5,0 4." ,9,"3 ,/*6=5, )$7-$ -*2 #$,2 1, %0,( 72 97"#%*553 *23 2.#*#7.2 =".>"*6 )7#$ *0*6=5,( ."-$,0#"* -.6=.2,2#< ." *23 0,Z%,2-72> =".>"*6 )7#$ .#$," ."-$,0#"*5 0*6=5,571"*"3 =".>"*60 ])$7-$ -*2 2.) 1, %0,( 72 6*23 2.#*#7.2 =".>"*60_;

:7#$ K71,57%0G *1757#3 #. )."H )7#$ -.66,"-7*553 *9*75*15, 0.4#)*", 720#"%6,2#0< V*/#,0#,( 0,9,"*5 0*6=5,( >"*2( =7*2.0 *2( %5#76*#,53 0,##5,( .2 .2, 4".6 I"%,R7*2.0; +,#$,2 ",h,(7#,( #$, K71,57%0 =7*2. !5,0 4." 1.#$ #$, 1..H *2( M,#<1,,< *2( ",-."(,( *55.4 #$, =7*2. =*"#0; K. 4." #$, !"0# #76, 72 ^L 3,*"0< 9#7:*+8#"8&,'F G 5#"78&7"E -"'21,,< $*0

+,;'2;

I$, 0.5%#7.2 #. H2.)72> )$*# 3.%" $.6,)."H 0.%2(0 57H, 70 0.59,( )7#$ 0*6=5, 571"*"7,0;[.#$72> ",=5*-,0 579, =5*3,"0< 1%# 3.% (. $*9, *2 *=="./76*#7.2 )7#$ 0*6=5, 571"*"7,0<*2( .2, ,/#"* 1.2%0 2.# =.00715, ^L 3,*"0 *>.i 1%75(72> V?N? ,(7#72> *2( *%(7. ",-."(72>0H7550W#$, 2,) 0H755 0,# 4." #$, D@0# 8,2#%"3;

J72*553< #$,",G0 #$, 5#,3*++&,'"E 9#7:*+8#"8&,' 0,"7,0; S.5%6, @ 0%==."#0 *55 #$",, 6727h1..H0)7#$ #$, 720#"%6,2#*#7.2 2.#,0 3.% 2,,(; CGF 9#7:*+8#"8&'( 8:* I*E,2/ M&8:&' 8:* >8#&'(>*78&,'< 0%==."#0 K#,. 5&"', 8, >8#&'(+; CHF 9#7:*+8#"8&'( 8:* I*E,2/ M&8:&' 8:* M,,2N&'2+



viii

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ ! # $! %& '%! ( ) !*+,--. / 0 $-1 # ' ! * - &- 2 &$' * 32

"'2 H#"++ 0%==."#0 K#,. 5&"', 8, M,,2N&'2+; J72*553< S.5%6,0 C 4.")*"( 0%==."# K#,.5&"', 8, 9#7:*+8#";

I$,2 #$,", *", #$, V?N? V.-H%= 0#%(7,0 ), $*9, 4".6 #$, I"+8*# IJ@J I,7<;? D,;#+* 13

!2(",) T5*2,3;

8.20,Z%,2#53< )$*#,9," 3.% 2,,(< !5,/*2(," R%1570$72> $*0 7# 4." 3.%;

T*-H #. Y.0,=$ :*>2,"; ?2 @BEC< 4.%" 3,*"0 *4#," #$, =%157-*#7.2 .4 9#7:*+8#"8&,'F G 5#"78&7"E-"'21,,<< $, )*0 *==.72#,( 8.6=.0,"h72hX,07(,2-, *# R,==,"(72, \279,"07#3 )$,", $,0#*3,( 4." #$, 2,/# (,-*(,;

N"; :*>2," =*00,( *)*3 0%((,253 .2 K*#%"(*3 *4#,"2..2< F-#.1," @D< @BUM; !2 *97(1*0,1*55 4*2< $, ",0-$,(%5,( * ="79*#, -.6=.07#7.2 *==.72#6,2# *4#," #$, :."5( K,"7,0>*6, $*( 1,,2 -.6=5,#,(; :$,2 $70 0#%(,2# *""79,(< #$, 0#%(,2# -.%5( $,*" #$, #,5,9707.2<1%# N"; :*>2," (7(2G# ",0=.2( #. ",=,*#,( H2.-H72>0; J72(72> #$, 5*2(5."(< #$, 0#%(,2#

*0H,( $76 #. .=,2 #$, (.." #. N"; :*>2,"G0 *=*"#6,2#; I$,3 4.%2( $76 07##72> .2 * 0.4*W574,5,00;

8*%0, .4 (,*#$ )*0 ",=."#,(53 * "%=#%",( *2,%"706 .2 $70 *"#,"3; N"; :*>2,"G0 ",6*720),", ",#%"2,( #. X$.(, ?05*2( )$,", $, )*0 1%"7,( 2,/# #. $70 =*",2#0 72 R*)#%-H,#<X$.(, ?05*2(;

F4 N"; :*>2,"< [7-.5*0 K5.2760H3< * -5.0, 4"7,2( )$. -.2(%-#,( #$, !"0# =,"4."6*2-, .48$*"5,0 ?9,0G %:#** 5E"7*+ &' P*N !'(E"'2< 0*7( #$*# Y.0,=$ :*>2," )*0 .2, .4 !6,"7-*G0>",*# %2(70-.9,",( -.6=.0,"0;

I$, 3,*" DLLB 6*"H,( #$, ^L#$ !2279,"0*"3 .4 #$, =%157-*#7.2 .4 9#7:*+8#"8&,'F G 5#"78&7"E-"'21,,< *2( #$, A^#$ !2279,"0*"3 .4 #$, 4.%2(72> .4 #$, T.0#.2 8797- K36=$.23;

:, #*H, >",*# ="7(, 72 #$70 *2279,"0*"3 3,*" .4 -.2#72%72> N"; :*>2,"G0 76=*-#< 4.%2(,(.2 #$, =7.2,,"72> )."H .4 !"#$%" '; +,*-./< )7#$ #$70 2,)53 ,2>"*9,( ,(7#7.2< )$7-$ 4."#$, !"0# #76, 1"72>0 #$70 >",*# )."H *579, )7#$ 0.%2( *2( 13 ,6=.),"72> 3.% #. ,/=*2(3.%" 0H7550 13 *50. ",-."(72> 3.%" 0.5%#7.20;

5*8*# )"N#*'7* GE*Q"'2*# 5*8*#+1;#(4 R&#(&'&"

>?#&'( CSST



ix

!!"# %&'(" )" *)!&(+, "# %&' !(#% )* %&' %&('' &+,-.))/# ", %&' %!"-.,,&"('/ 0!12.,)!')&"(3 4 %!'1)&1'/ 5'(67""8 #'("'#0 1# %&' %"%2' "342"'# 5)6 2'+(, &)7 %) %+/' 4"+,) 7)(/#+,- '**'8%"9'25 #8)(' %&'3 *)( #%(",:#0 ;)6 -) %&"# .5 2))/",: +% 4"+,) %'8&,"<6'#

8)-"!'- .5 =)#'4& >+:,'( ", &"# 9.-.!.(1. :2'!) "- ;.<7"'!6 =6&"#, +,- #''",: &)7 %&'5?('

+442"'- %) %&' #%(",: #'8%"),0 @&' #+3' 4"+,) 'A+342'# +(' ,'A% +442"'- %) %&' 7))-7",-#B>!"# %&'(" )" ?""6@&(6,C +,- %&', %) %&' *622 )(8&'#%(+ B>!"# %&'(" )" 0!12.,)!'C0

@) :'% %&' 3)#% )6% )* %&"# &+,-.))/D %&'(' +(' #'9'(+2 %&",:# E ('8)33',- 5)6 -)0

F)45 ),' )( %7) #'%# )* %&' G%(",: H,#'3.2' 7)(/#&''%# *)6,- ", 144',-"A I0 @+/' %&'3%) + 8)45 8',%'( +,- (6, )** JKK )( 3)(' 8)4"'# ), 4('L46,8&'- %&(''M&)2' 4+4'(0

>"%& 5)6( 8)4"'# 5)6 ,''- + NL(",:D OL(",: .",-'( +,- NK -"9"-'( %+.#P),' %+. *)( '+8&%'8&,"<6' ", %&' .))/ +,- 7)(/.))/0 >)(/",: 5)6( 7+5 %&()6:& '+8& %'8&,"<6' 7"22:"9' 5)6 + ('#'(9)"( )* 9+26+.2' 3)-'2# )* 3+,5 #8)(",: %54'# %&+% 5)6?22 ('%6(, %) 3+,5%"3'#P4()9"-'- 5)6 -) %&' *)22)7",:0

E* 5)6?(' ", #8&))2 +,- 5)6 &+9' #%6-',%# +9+"2+.2' %) 4'(*)(3 5)6( 7)(/D ('8)(- +# 3+,5'A+342'# +# 5)6 8+,D %&', 2+%'(D :) .+8/ %&()6:&D +,- ), 5)6( G%(",: H,#'3.2' #&''%#D8("%"<6' 5)6( #8)(' *)( 7&+% 7)(/'-D 7&+% 8)62- &+9' .'', "34()9'-D +,- 7&+% -"-,?%7)(/0

>&'%&'( )( ,)% 5)6?(' ", #8&))2D 5)6 #&)62- ('8)(- 5)6( #)26%"),# 7"%& +, '2'8%(),"8 #%(",:)(8&'#%(+0 @&'(' +(' 3+,5 +9+"2+.2' +% %&"# 7("%",:0 Q5 +-9"8' ", !(#% ('8)(-",: 5)6( 7)(/"# %) 6#' + #)2) #%(",: 2".(+(5 !(#%D %&', + 8&+3.'( #"R'D +,- %&', + *622 #"R' #%(",: ',#'3.2'2".(+(50 1% !(#%D %&"# 7"22 #)6,- 2"/' 'A8'##"9' 7)(/0 S)7'9'(D "%?# ,)% +,- &'('?# 7&50

!"##$%& #(" )*+# ,-# *./01*2 3$4%* #* 5#1$%&+6

Introduction



x

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ ! # $! %& '%! ( ) !*+,--. / 0123 #4562 72 871469:

T(8&'#%(+2 #%(",: 2".(+("'#D .'8+6#' )* %&' 7+5 %&'5?(' ('8)(-'-D +(' ."::'( #)6,-",: %&+,2"9' #%(",:#0 E* 5)6 7)(/ 7"%& #+342' 2".(+("'# 'A826#"9'25 +,- %&', #6--',25 &'+( 5)6(7)(/ 4'(*)(3'- .5 2"9' 42+5'(#D 5)6?22 .' #&)8/'- +% &)7 #3+22 "% #)6,-# .5 8)34+("#),0@&"# "# + 8)33), 4().2'3 7"%& %&)#' 7&) #'<6',8' 4("3+("25 +,- -),?% .+2+,8' %&'"(

#'<6',8",: .5 +%%',-",: 2"9' 4'(*)(3+,8'# %) ('L+-U6#% %&'"( '+(# B+6(+2 "3+:",+%"),C0

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

E* 5)6 ),25 &+9' + #",:2' 2".(+(5D +,- 5)6( 7)(/ .':",# %) #)6,- W#5,%&5X )( 5)6 &'+( %&'-('+-'- W)(:+,X #)6,- *()3 5)6( 'A+342'#D 5)6?22 /,)7D ,)7 .5 'A4'("',8'D 7&5 ", 3536#"8 %'8&,)2):5 8)263,#D .))/#D +,- 82+##'#D E ('8)33',- %&' 6#' )* +% 2'+#% %7) #%(",:2".(+("'# %) +9)"- %&'#' ('8)(-",: ('+2"%"'#0

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

", 5)6( 7)(/ ('#62%#0 ;)6( :)+2# 3+5 ,)% .' W:)",:X 4()*'##"),+2D .6% ,"C(6&(+ 4()*'##"),+2"# +27+5# .'%%'( %&+, #)6,-",: +3+%'6("#&0

Something to Avoid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

G%6-',%# )*%', +(:6' 7"%& 3' ), %&"# 4)",% ", )6( ),2",' %!"-.,,&"('/ 0!12.,)!')&"( 82+##'#D.'8+6#' "% -)'#,?% #''3 %) .' *+#% ',)6:&0

!+#% -)'# ,)% .6"2- 5)6( #/"22#0 F),#"#%',85 -)'#0

@&' #%6-',% 7&) 4('*'(# %&' U+8/ (+.."% %) %&' &'-:'&): +# + 2'+(,",: ()2' 3)-'2 7"22+886362+%' 2)%# )* ('8)(-'- -+%+ +,- 7"22 +44'+( %) &"3#'2* +,- #)3' *("',-# %) .' + (+%&'(:('+% :',"6# 8)34+('- %) &"# W#2)7'(X 8)22'+:6' 7&) 8&))#'# %) -'9'2)4 &"# )( &'( #/"22#'% ", #68& + 7+5 %&+% <6+2"%5 36#"8 8+, .' 7("%%', 7"%&D )( 7"%&)6%D '2'8%("8"%50



xi

!"#$%&'(#!%") +,--./0 -1, 234- %5- 36 7893: ;.</3 -3 =-9./04>

!"#$% #' ()* +,' -% (,.%/+0 ) 1/%)' .%)$ ,2 3455%33 ")3 -%%+ )5"#%6%. ,6%/ '"% 7)3' 3%6%/)$"4+./%. *%)/3 -* 5,(7,3%/3 8", 8/,'% -* 7%+ 8#'" 7#)+, )+. ,+$* 34+$#1"'0 5)+.$%0 ,/1)3 $)(7 ', 3",8 '"% 8)*9

Where and How to Start:;6% +,8 .%35/#-%. ",8 ', )77/,)5" *,4/ ",(%8,/<9 =,8 $%';3 5,+3#.%/ ",8 ', )77/,)5"'"% -,,<;3 %>)(7$%39

?6%+ '",41" @:A: !$%3 %>#3' 2,/ %)5" %>)(7$%0 #1+,/% '"%( 2,/ +,89

:+#'#)$$*0 8#'" *,4/ B'/#+1 ?+3%(-$% 3"%%'30 8/#'% .,8+ A/9 !)1+%/;3 3,$4'#,+ ', '"%%>)(7$% #+ '"% -,,<9 C, '"/,41" )+. 3'4.* "#3 %>7$)+)'#,+ ,2 "#3 3,$4'#,+9

!"#$% '"())#$*# +, ($- .#/.'"#0,.(,# +,1

:+ 3",/'0 5,(% 47 8#'" )$'%/+)'% 3,$4'#,+39 D43' -%5)43% '"% '%)5"%/ 8/,'% '"% %>)(7$%E)+. '"% -,,<FG .,%3+;' (%)+ '")' *,4 '"% 3'4.%+' 5)+;' 5,(% 47 8#'" %H4)$ ,/ -%''%/3,$4'#,+39

The Audio ExamplesI"%/% )/% '8, '*7%3 ,2 )4.#, %>)(7$%39 I"%/%;3 ,+% 3%' 2,/ '"% -,,< )+. ) .#22%/%+' 3%' 2,/'"% 2/.34//35)6)#$)-$% 2,/ 3%7)/)'% 74/5")3% 2/,( 8889)$%>)+.%/74-$#3"#+195,(9

!"# %&&'

I"% )4.#, %>)(7$%3 2,/ '"% -,,< )/% 43%. 2,/ %)5" #+.#6#.4)$ ")+.-,,<9 @)> I,2,+%0 8",7/,.45%. '"#3 %.#'#,+ 2,/ 430 /%5,/.%. ,+$* '"% 7#)+, 7)/'30 +,' '"% 3'/#+139 J#3'%+ ', '"%)4.#, %>)(7$%3 !/3'0 '"%+ 3'4.* A/9 !)1+%/;3 3,$4'#,+9

:2 *,4 ")6% ) 3%H4%+5#+1 7/,1/)(0 #(7,/' '"% )4.#, !$% #+', *,4/ 3%H4%+5%/9 K%$,8 #'5/%)'% ) 3')/'#+1 3'/#+1 '%(7$)'% -)3%. ,+ '"% 3'/#+1 $#-/)/#%3 *,4 ")6%9 L%5,/. '"% 3,$4'#,+)+. 3'4.* #' 2,/ #'3 5,(7,3#'#,+)$ 6)$4% !/3'0 +,' ",8 '"% /%5,/.#+1 3,4+.39

!"# (&)'*&&'

J#3'%+ ', '"% 2/.34//3 )4.#, %>)(7$% +4(%/,43 '#(%3 -%2,/% *,4 )''%(7' ', 35,/% #'9 @)+*,2 '"% 7#)+, %>)(7$%3 ")6% ) -/#3< '%(7,9 :';3 +,' M43' )-,4' '"% +,'%39 N,4 ")6% ', '"#+<)-,4' '"% -,8#+130 ',,9 O2'%/ '"% %>)(7$% #3 !/($* !>%. #+ *,4/ #()1#+)'#,+0 $,,<#+1 )''"% 7/#+'%. 7)/'0 +,8 -%1#+ 8,/<#+1 ,4' '"% -,8#+13 )+. 7,33#-$% 3'/#+1 5,(-#+)'#,+39P+5% *,4;6% .,+% '")'0 +,8 -%1#+ 8,/<#+1 ,4' *,4/ 3,$4'#,+3 ,+ *,4/ B'/#+1 ?+3%(-$%3"%%'39 J)'%/0 /%5,/. *,4/ 8,/<9

How LabeledI, /%7%)'0 )$$ ,2 '"% -,,<;3 /%5,/.%. %>)(7$%3 )/% 43%. #+ %)5" 3%5'#,+9 B, *,4;$$ 3%%(4$'#7$% $)-%$3 ,+ '"% !$% 2,$.%/3 #+.#5)'#+1 8"#5" 3%5'#,+ '"% %>)(7$% #3 43%. #+9 B,(%)/% 43%. #+ )$$ '"/%%9 I"% $)-%$3 )/% B0 !0 )+. P E3'/#+130 8,,.8#+.30 )+. ,/5"%3'/)G9 I"#3



xii

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ ! # $! %& '%! ( ) !*+,--. / 0123 #4562 72 871469:

8),#"#%',85 ',+.2'# 5)6 %) #'' %&' %&",/",: .'&",- %&' #8)(",: )* '+8& 'A+342' *)( '+8&

)(8&'#%(+2 #'8%"),0

!)( %&' ?"!87""8P@&' ?"!87""8 'A+342'# +(' 9'(5 8&+22',:",:0 @&'5?(' )(:+,"R'- .5

%&' 9.-.!.(1. :2'!) "- ;.<7"'!6 =6&"#,0 ;)6 6#' %&'#' 'A+342'# 7"%& +22 %&('' #'8%"),#

)* %!"-.,,&"('/ 0!12.,)!')&"(3 4 %!'1)&1'/ 5'(67""83 >!"# %&'(" )" *)!&(+,D >!"# %&'(" )"

?""6@&(6,D +,- >!"# %&'(" )" 0!12.,)!'0

Support Materials;)6 7"22 :'% *+( 3)(' )6% )* %&"# .))/ "* 5)6 /,)7 5)6( #%(",: -'9"8'# +,- 8)3.",+%"),#0

;)6 8+, !,- %&'#' 3'%"862)6#25 )(:+,"R'- *)( 5)6 ", %7) 9)263'# )* %&' %!"-.,,&"('/

0!12.,)!')&"( *.!&.,0 D"/C#. E3 *"/" =(,)!C#.(), '(6 =(,)!C#.()')&"( F")., 8)9'(# +22 %&' #%(",:

.+#"8# +,- .)7",:#0 D"/C#. A43 0!12.,)!')&(+ )2. B./"6< ?&)2&( )2. *)!&(+ *.1)&"( 8)9'(# +22

%&' 8)3.",+%"),# *)( %&' #%(",: #'8%"), 426# .':",,",: -"9"#" 7("%",: %'8&,"<6'#0

S+9",: :),' %&()6:& .)%& %&' .))/ +,- ?"!87""8 7"%& %&' ^62"%R'( ^("R' ,)3",+%'-

8)34)#'( 12.'(% S+(("#D E 8+, 8"%' .5 'A4'("',8' &)7 368& 3)(' 5)6?22 :'% )6% )* >!"#

%&'(" )" *)!&(+, .5 &+9",: %&'#' %!"-.,,&"('/ 0!12.,)!')&"( %"%2'# +9+"2+.2' ), 5)6( 2".(+(5

#&'2*0

O(0 >+:,'( )*%', %+2/# +.)6% S)3)4&),"8 7("%",: +,- -+,8' 'A+342'#0 !)( + 8)342'%'

-"#86##"), )* %&"# 7"%& 3+,5 'A+342'#D 5)6?22 7+,% %&' #'8),- 9)263' ", )6( ('9"#"), )*

^'(85 _)'%#8&"6#? G H2. 5"#"I2"(&1 >"!#, "- BC,&1'/ :"#I",&)&"(0

How to Approach Formal MIDI MockupsE,"%"+225D 5)6?9' +2('+-5 8('+%'- + `L%(+8/ %'342+%' *)( %&' #%(",: #'8%"),a Y")2",# JD Y")2",#ID Y")2+#D F'22)# +,- b+##'#0 1,- 5)6 4"8/'- ),' #%(",: 4():(+3 ),25 *)( '+8& %(+8/0

@&' ,'A% 2'9'2 "# 8('+%",: + *)(3+2 QEOE 3)8/640 1# 5)6 2"#%', %) %&' ","%"+2 9'(#"), *)(%&' &)3'7)(/ 'A+342' 5)6 #8)('-D 3+(/ 5)6( 4',8"2 #8)(' +# %) 7&'(' +(%"862+%"), B.)7C8&+,:'# %+/' 42+8'0 @'#% +,- 4"8/ 5)6( 4():(+3#0 @&', #'% 64 + ,'7 !2' ", 5)6( #'<6',8'(D+##":, %&' +44()4("+%' +(%"862+%"),# 4'( %(+8/D +,- 4()8''- 7"%& 5)6( 3)8/640 O'4',-",:), 5)6( 2".(+(5D 3)#% 2"/'25 %&'(' 7"22 .' U6#% ),' +(%"862+%"), 4'( %(+8/0 1# + ('#62%D 5)6?22:) *()3 U6#% !9' .+#"8 %(+8/# %) 4)%',%"+225 J`MNK )( 3)('D 4'( QEOE 3)8/640

T,8' 5)6 :'% %&' *''2 *)( -)",: %&' QEOE 3)8/64D %&' ,'A% #%'4 "# 2'+(,",: %) '-"% "%

*)( + 4()*'##"),+2 #)6,-0 1,-('7 b2+,'5?# B',).! B=J= B"18CI :"C!,.D +9+"2+.2' *()312'A+,-'( ^6.2"#&",:D 7+2/# 5)6 %&()6:& 3+,5 %'8&,"<6'# *)( #%(",:#D +,- %&' 7&)2')(8&'#%(+0 ;)6 8+, +2#) #%6-5 3+,5 7),-'(*62 'A+342'# *)( '+8& #%(",:'- ",#%(63',%8('+%'- .5 8)34)#'( =+5 b+8+2 *)( %&' Y"',,+ G534&),"8 V".(+(5?# D&.((' =(,)!C#.(),0@&'#' +(' +9+"2+.2' +# + :"*% 7"%& 3+,5 )* %&' 12'A+,-'( ^6.2"#&",: .6,-2'# *)( %&'

%!"-.,,&"('/ 0!12.,)!')&"( #'("'#0

G&)62- 5)6 ,)% &+9' ),' )* %&'#' .6,-2'#D 42'+#' 8),%+8% 6# +,- 7'?22 #',- 5)6 +# + *('':"*%D -)7,2)+- 2",/# *)( Q(0 b+8+2?# 'A+342'# 7&"8& ",826-' Q^N +,- QEOE !2'# *)( 5)6(

4'(#),+2 #%6-50



xiii

'(."#01,.'#(/ 2344567 483 9:;4 #<4 := >$?:@ !5A6: 4: &4?567;B

How Maurice Ravel Approached Transcription Work E, &"# )7, %(+,#8("4%"),# B%&' %'8&,"8+2 ,+3' *)( %&"# /",- )* 7)(/CD [+9'2 #%+(%'- .5 !(#%)(8&'#%(+%",: %&' 4"+,) 7)(/ *)( #%(",:#D +,- %&', 3'%"862)6#25 +##":,'- 2",'# +,- 8)2)(#

%) %&' ('#% )* %&' )(8&'#%(+0

E* ,'8'##+(5D &' 7)62- +-- .+(# B+# &' -"- ", B")2.! K"",. *C&).CD )( ('7("%' #'8%"),#0S)7'9'(D 7&', &' )(8&'#%(+%'- %&' 36#"8 )* )%&'(#D &' 7+# *+( 3)(' 8),#'(9+%"9' /''4",:82)#'( %) %&' )(":",+2 7)(/ 7"%& 3","363 8&+,:'# +# &' -"- 7"%& Q6##)(:#/5?# %&1)C!., 4) 4( LM2&7&)&"(0

[+9'2?# 8),%'34)(+(5D F&+(2'# c)'8&2",D 7&) )(8&'#%(+%'- *)( .)%& O'.6##5 +,- F)2'^)(%'(D 7+# 3)(' 2".'(+2 ", &"# +44()+8&D +--",: 8&)(- !22'(# B+--"%"),+2 8&)(- %),'#C +,-#)3'%"3'# 3'2)-"8 2",'# ,)% ", %&' )(":",+2 7)(/0

O(0 >+:,'( %',-'- %) *)22)7 c)'8&2",?# +44()+8&0

Why You Should Start With Strings First;)6 #%+(% !(#% 7"%& >!"# %&'(" )" *)!&(+, *)( #'9'(+2 ('+#),#0

!()3 + 8)33'(8"+2 4'(#4'8%"9'D %&'('?# 3)(' 7)(/ *)( 7("%'(# *)( #%(",: #8)(",:0 >)(/)4%"),# ",826-' U",:2'#D +2.63 7)(/D 8)33"##"),#D :+3' #8)(",:D !23]@Y 7("%",:D )(":",+27'. #"%' 7)(/D 7)(/# *)( #%(",: ',#'3.2'D 8),8'(% 8)33"##"),#D +,- 368& 3)('0 1 #'8),-('+#), "# %) %'+8& 5)6 %&+% %&'('?# ,) #68& %&",: +# %&' 4'(*'8% #)26%"),0 G)3' #)26%"),# +('#%(),:'( %&+, )%&'(#D .6% %&'(' +(' 3+,5 #)26%"),#0 O'9'2)4 +# 3+,5 +# 5)6 8+,0

1,- %&', %&'('?# %&' %&"(- ('+#),D %&' ('+2"%5 )* %&' 3+(/'%42+8' ", %&' '+(25 @7',%5 !"(#%F',%6(5 7&"8& "# *)( %&' 8)34)#'(]+((+,:'( /,)7",: &)7 %) -) QEOE 3)8/64#0 H9'(5

'A+342' ", %&"# .))/ +,- ", %&' ?"!87""8 8&+22',:' +,- 46#& )(8&'#%(+2 2".(+("'# %) ,'72'9'2# )* 7("%",: -'3+,-0 >' %+/' ,)%' )* %&'#' 8),8'(,# 7&'(' +44()4("+%'0

Give It TimeE* 5)6 7)(/ %&'#' 'A+342'# %&)()6:&25D "% 7"22 %+/' + #'3'#%'( %) -) %&'3 BJd 7''/# )( #)C0G&)62- 5)6 8&))#' %) ('8)(- 5)6( #)26%"),# 7"%& #+342' 2".(+("'#D +-- 3)(' %"3'0

Working With the Reference Chart of Keyboard Idioms@&' F&+(% "# )(:+,"R'- ", + 4(+8%"8+2 4().2'3]#)26%"), *)(3+%0 ;)6 8+, :) %&()6:& +,- #%6-5'+8& %'8&,"<6' 3'%&)-"8+225D )( -"4 ", %) #'' &)7 %) #8)(' + 4+##+:' 5)6 3+5 .' 7('#%2",:

7"%&0

%/.',. ,.. )2. (.M) I'+.N



xiv

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ ! # $! %& '%! ( ) !*+,--. / 0123 #4562 72 871469:

"# $%&'() ")*(%+,-.

"# $%&'() &*+,-(.

/# $%&'() &*+,-(. 01+2 (34(551.23()+.

6# $%&'() &*+,-(. *&341)(7 01+2 +21%7. 8# $%&'() .19+2.

:# $%&'() +21%7.

;# $%&'() .19+2. ,)7 +21%7. *&341)(7

""# $%&'() /0&%1.

"# <(=+>2,)7 4%&'() *2&%7. 1) *5&.( ?&.1+1&)

/# <(=+>2,)7 4%&'() *2&%7. 1) &?() ?&.1+1&)

6# $%&'() *2&%7. .?,*(7 =&% +0& 2,)7.

8# $%&'() *2&%7. 1) %1@2+>2,)7 01+2 13?51(7 3(5&71* 51)(

:# $%&'() *2&%7. 01+2 45&*'(7 3(5&71* ,)7 %2A+231* ?,++(%).

;# B%?(@@1,+(7 *2&%7.

"""# 2(-&134 53)(. 6 7389%,*3&).

"# <,%@( 3(5&71* .'1?.

/# CD+51)1)@ , 3(5&71* 51)(

6# E1-171)@ , 3(5&71* 51)(

8# F(5&71* 51)(. *&341)(7 01+2 %(?(,+(7 )&+( ?,++(%).G )&)3(+%1*,5 ?,..,@(.

:# F(5&71* .(++1)@.H *&)+%,.+.I *&3?,%,+1-( .+%()@+2.I ,)7 %(?(,+(7 ?2%,.(.

":# ";<-3(1 $,.. =,%*.

:# >3)8-(?@&*(A ")*(%+,- 6 /0&%1 B(<(*3*3&).

:"# CD&? 6 C0%((?=,%* 29.34

"# J&3&?2&)1*

/# K&5A?2&)1*

6# L+A5( 319+D%(.

:""# ><,43)8 =%&E-(;. 3) *0( 2311-( B(83.*(%

"# <,%@( 2,%3&)1* @,?.

/# LD.+,1)(7 )&+(.I 1)+(%-,5.I ,)7 *2&%7.

:"""# /&)*%,.* =%&E-(;. /&)13*3&)(1 EF GF),;34.

"H# :&34( 5(,13)8

H# IEE-38,*& &% J11(1 >(4&)1,%F =,%*. J%%,)8(1 K%&; L,%;&)34 =%&8%(..3&).

H"# J)*3<0&),- MKK(4*.

H""# C%(;&-& CF<(.

H"""# G,)4( 7&%;. NJK*(%E(,*.O



xv

'(."#01,.'#(/ 2344567 483 9:;4 #<4 := >$?:@ !5A6: 4: &4?567;B

Conclusione)7 %&+% 5)6 /,)7 &)7 %) :'% %&' 3)#% )6% )* >!"# %&'(" )" *)!&(+,D %6(, %&' 4+:' %) :'%#%+(%'-D +,- &+9' + :('+% %"3' :()7",: +,- ',&+,8",: 5)6( #/"22#0



xvi

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ ! # $! %& '%! ( ) !*+,--. / 0123 #4562 72 871469:



1

!"#"$%"& ()%"*+$,- $)& ./0*&- $*" 1")"*$,,2 $+0(&"& () #($)0 34-(.5 6"()14)(&(03$%(. $)& 4)#($)(-%(.7 8/" .03#0-"* 09 #($)0 34-(. $##*0:(3$%"- %/" !""!#$ 09 *"#"%(%(0) 62 3"$)- 09 6*0;") 0* $*#"11($%"& ()%"*+$,- 0* ./0*&-7 <%=- $ %"./)(.$,

":#"&(")% #,$2$6," $% 30-% &2)$3(. ,"+",- $)& %"3#0-7 >0?"+"*5 $- *"#"%(%(0)- 09 )0%"-

$)& ()%"*+$,- #*"-")% )0 &(9!.4,%("- 90* %/" -%*()1 #,$2"*5 30-% %&'(!) +)$!&,-./ .$) 6""9!.(")%,2 %*$)-.*(6"& $- &!0!-$!1 +)$!&,-./ ?(%/04% ,0-()1 %/"(* (&")%(%27

1. Broken Octaves

a. Bass Register

2.!-/! /!! )!3$ 0-4! "'& !3-50.!6

!"#$%& (&)%"*+,-

Chapter 1



2

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ ! # $! %& '%! ( ) !*+,--. / 0123 #4562 72 871469:

;<53=>? 8/@

@

A

B

A

C

C



3

,-)!.%" 0/ 123456 '675289:;

8/" 6*0;") 0.%$+"- () @:$3#," ABC /$+" 6"") $**$)1"& %0 099"* -03" .0)%*$-% 6"%?"")%/" -%$*%()1 0+-)' $)& %/" 90,,0?()1 #&!/#!)1' 3"$-4*"- $)& .$) -"*+" $- $ 30&", 90* $,,-46-"D4")% ()%"*+$,- () %/(- .$%"10*27 8/" 6$-- #$*% $% EFG "3#/$-(H"- %/" #4,-" 09 %/"*"#"$%"& I- () %/" .",,0 #$*% ?/(," %/" $&&"& D4$*%"* )0%"-5 -%$*%()1 () %/" !9%/ 3"$-4*"5

1(+" 1*"$%"* -%*")1%/ $)& +(%$,(%2 %0 %/" #&!/#!)1' 09 %/" ,$-% 3"$-4*"-7 8/" 03(--(0) 09%/" +(0,$ #$*% ECG #0()%- 4# %/" 9$.% %/$% ()-%*43")%- -/04,& )0% 6" 4-"& JK4-% %0 !,, ()7LM.%4$,,25 %/(- &",$2"& ")%*$)." 09 %/" +(0,$- .*"$%"- $ )"? ()%"*"-%7

M%%")%(0) -/04,& 6" 1(+") %0 %/" *"$**$)1"3")% 09 %/" &(*".%(0)$, ,()"- 09 %/" -".0)& +(0,()$)& +(0,$ #$*%- $% ENG7 8/(- ./$)1" .03#")-$%"- 90* %/" *(-()1 3",0&(. ,()" () %/" !*-% +(0,()#$*% $)& %/" )"."--(%2 09 /$+()1 %/" #*01*"--(0) () 0#") #0-(%(0) EOG7 I,0-" #0-(%(0)- .$)6" *"-43"& $- %/" 6$-- #$*% *(-"- () .0)%*$*2 30%(0) %0 %/" 3",0&(. ,()"5 ?(%/ %/" ()%"*+$,-%0 6" #,$2"& $- &046," -%0#- E)')71+,+/+G7

"##$%$&'() *&++,'%-. M% 6$* P () %/" ":$3#,"5 %/" *(1/% /$)& #,$2- 904*B#$*% /$*30)25%/") () 6$* Q5 10"- %0 %/*""B#$*% /$*30)27 <) K$HH ?*(%()1 90* 6$* P5 204 .04,& &(+(&" %/"

./0*& 6"%?"") R(0,()- C $)& F 4-()1 S""%/0+")=- +0(.()1-7 M**$)1"*- ,(;" T",-0) !(&&,"0* !06"*% U$*)0) ?04,& /$+" 1(+") #$*%- C $)& N %0 R(0,()- C $)& #$*%- F $)& O %0 R(0,()-F7 M )"? ())"* ,()" ?04,& %/") 6" .*"$%"& 90* %/" R(0,$-7

V(%/ -$3#,"& -%*()1-5 4),"-- $ ,(6*$*2 (- 4-"& %/$% /$- &(+(-( #$*%- %/$% 6,")& ?",, ?(%/ 94,,-".%(0)$, #$*%-5 6$*- P $)& Q ?(,, -04)& /"$+2 $)& 4))$%4*$,7

b. Treble Register

;<53=>? 8/A



4

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ ! # $! %& '%! ( ) !*+,--. / 0123 #4562 72 871469:

!"# %&'#()*#+, -+&. *#%/& )0' -&1* ',0)%23 20 45)%/+# 678 %)9#- *"(## :#(-2&0- &1 *"2-;(&9#0 &3*):# /&--2;+#<) +2*#()+ *()0-3(2/*2&0 20 )''2*2&0 *& *"# *.& .),- =2:#0 "#(#> ?0 *"#1)-*#( *#%/&- .2*" -*(&0=#( ',0)%23-@ *"# :#(-2&0 .2*" *"# (#/#)*#' &3*):# 2- )':2-#'>

A**#0*2&0 2- )+-& '2(#3*#' "#(# *& *"# -3&(20= &1 *"# 'B#* /"()-# 20 *"# +&.#( *(#;+# -203# 2*/+)3#- *"# :2&+)- !"#$% *"# -#3&0' :2&+20-> !"2- ")- ;##0 '&0# 20 &('#( *& *)9# )':)0*)=# &1*"# :2&+)C- B02DB# *&0)+ 3&+&( 20 *"2- (#=2-*#( )- 3&%/)(#' *& *"# :2&+20> ?*C- )0 )//+23)*2&0&1 *"# 1)3* %)'# #)(+2#( *")* *"# "2=" )0' +&. -*(20=- )(# %&(# '2-*203*2:# *")0 *"# %2''+#&0#->

"##$%$&'() *&++,'%-. &'(!')% 2- ) .)+920= *#%/&> E#.)(# &1 -*(23* DB)0*2F)*2&0 20#+#3*(&023 -3&(20= ;#3)B-# &1 *"# *(2/+#*-> ?0-*#)' &1 '2:2-2 .2*" G2&+20- H@ I(> J)=0#(C--&+B*2&0 3&B+' ;# )//+2#' *& G2&+20- H )0' 8@ .2*" G2&+)- &0 *"# %#+&', )0' K#++&- &0 *"#")(%&0, +20#>

2. Broken Octaves With Embellishments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

A* N8O *"# =()3# 0&*# 20'23)*#- *"# 0##' &1 ) -B-*)20#' &3*):# 1&( *"# +)-* 1&B( %#)-B(#-> !"#;(&9#0 #%;#++2-"#' &3*):#-@ -*)(*20= )* NPO 20 *"# '2:2'#' :2&+20 /)(*-@ #-*);+2-" ) /)**#(0 1&(*"2- !=B()*2&0> !"# -#3&0' :2&+20 /)(* "#(# %)20*)20- *"# ;(&9#07&3*):# #11#3*> Q&.#:#(@ 21

-*(&0=#( ',0)%23- )(# B-#'@ 2* .&B+' ;# )':2-);+# *& (#/#)* *"# !=B(# +2*#()++, 20 *"# +&.#(&3*):#> A* NRO *"# +)-* *"(## 0&*#- &1 *"# :2&+) /)(* "):# ;##0 ()2-#' )0 &3*):# )- *"# +&. E2- 0&* /+),);+# )0' *"# &(2=20)+ )%**+),-! &1 *"#-# *"(## 0&*#-@ 21 0&* 3")0=#'@ .&B+' 3)B-#)0 B0'#-2();+# -/)320= /(&;+#% 20 *"# %2''+# (#=2-*#(>

"##$%$&'() *&++,'%-. !"2- 2- ) :#(, '#%)0'20= #53#(/* 1&( #+#3*(&023 -*(20=- (#DB2(20= )=#0B20# *.+00!)# ;&.20= N:2&+20- )0' :2&+)-O@ ) =&&' (%)!01% 1&( *"# :2&+)-@ )0' +)*#( G2&+20- H>S2*3"#- %)(9#' 1&( ,'(%- ! *+'34% "#5 0##' ) 4%3!)# /(&=()%>



5

,-)!.%" 0/ 123456 '675289:;

;<53=>? 8/B

B

A

@

C



6

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ ! # $! %& '%! ( ) !*+,--. / 0123 #4562 72 871469:

8/" -"%%()1 09 %/(- ":."*#% $% W$X (- $&"D4$%" $% $,, -#""&- $)& &2)$3(.- 64% ?(,, 06+(04-,26" )')7.!4-$'7 M .!4-$' "99".% () 9$-% %"3#0- (- #0--(6," ?(%/ $,, 6*0;") ()%"*+$,- ?(%/ 0)"#$*% #,$2"& $- *"#"$%"& )0%"- #*0+(&"& %/" 0%/"* #$*% E$8! 8+48!/$ 0-&$ 98!)!,!& 0'//+%.!G(- #,$2"& .!4-$' W6X7 U0* 30&"*$%"B%0B-,0? %"3#0-5 %/" -"%%()1- 1(+") $% W.X $)& W&X .$) 6"4-"& ?(%/ &(-.*"%(0) 90* %/" 3"&(43B%0B-09% &2)$3(.-7

"##$%$&'() *&++,'%-. A0,4%(0)- W$X $)& W6X $*" ./$,,")1"- 90* *"#"$%"& )0%"-Y*04)& *06()#*01*$3-7 Z(-%") .$*"94,,2 %0 %/" #($)0 *".0*&()17 8/" $*%(.4,$%(0)- 34-% )0% 6" %00 *(1(&$)& 3$./()"B,(;"7

;<53=>? 8/C

3. Broken Octaves Combined With Thirds



8

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ ! # $! %& '%! ( ) !*+,--. / 0123 #4562 72 871469:

8/(- $&$#%$%(0) 09 6*0;") -(:%/- $##,("- %/" #*().(#," 09 /$+()1 0)" .!4-$' #$*% .036()"&?(%/ $ -".0)&5 )')7.!4-$' #$*% .$**2()1 04% %/" */2%/3(. )0%$%(0)7 <%=- $ -"%%()1 #0--(6," $%$,, %"3#0- $)& &2)$3(. ,"+",-7

M% ECG %/" !*-% +(0,()- $*" &(+(&"& () 0.%$+"- %0 .03#")-$%" 90* %/" -%*0)1"* "'&$! &2)$3(.$- ?",, $- %0 !,, %/" )""& 90* 1*"$%"* -0)0*(%2 $- %/" !14*" $-.")&- %0 $ /(1/"* *$)1"7 8/"")%*$)." 09 %/" 6$-- #$*% $% EFG *"D4(*"- $ %/*""B0.%$+" -#*"$& %0 $+0(& %/" ,$*1" 1$# () %/"3(&&," *"1(-%"* $)& %0 $&& "3#/$-(- +$,4" %0 %/(- #$*%7

"##$%$&'() *&++,'%-. 8/" R(0,()- F #$*% (- $ ./$,,")1" 90* *"#"$%"& )0%"-Y*04)& *06()#*01*$3-7 <9 *"#"$%"& )0%"- $*" ()"99".%(+"5 $ )"? "(1/%/ )0%" ,()" .$) 6" .*"$%"& 62 /$+()1U 10 &0?) %0 \5 @ &0?) %0 I5 "%.7

5. Broken Thirds8/"*" (- +"*2 ,(%%," &(99"*")." 6"%?"") %/" 3"%/0& 09 $**$)1()1 %/"-" ()%"*+$,- 90* -%*()1-

$)& %/$% 1(+") 90* -(:%/-7 8/" %2#" 09 $&$#%$%(0) (- &"%"*3()"& 62 %/" -%2,"5 %"3#05 $)&&2)$3(. 09 %/" #$--$1" () D4"-%(0)7

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

;<53=>? 8/E



10

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ ! # $! %& '%! ( ) !*+,--. / 0123 #4562 72 871469:

6. Broken Sixths and Thirds Combined8*$)-.*(#%(0) 09 ()%"*+$,- () %/(- .$%"10*2 90,,0?- %/" -$3" #*().(#,"- 1(+") 90* @:$3#,"-ABO $)& ABP7 A%*()1 %*$)-.*(#%(0)- 09 $,, 6*0;") ()%"*+$,- -/04,& ().,4&" .03#,"%" ()%"*+$,

*"#*"-")%$%(0) $,0)1 ?(%/ 6$-(. */2%/3(. )0%$%(0)7

"##$%$&'() *&++,'%-. U0* ",".%*0)(. -.0*()15 +"*-(0) W$X *"D4(*"- .0)-(&"*$6," "&(%()1 $%%/(- %"3#0 %0 $..0330&$%" %/" ,0)1Y-/0*% 60?()1- -0 %/$% %/" ,()" 6*"$%/"- #*0#"*,27

;<53=>? 8/H



11

1. Left-Hand Broken Chords in Close Position

!"#$%& ()#"*+

Chapter 2

!"#$%&' )*+

,

-



12

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ . / 0. 12 31. 4 5 .67899: * ;<=$ />#?= @= )@<>?AB

!" $%&'()* +,-. /0* 1*23"4,563)6" (&7/. 4*765*4 873' /0* 0&7'3"9 :;<. !))1 /0* 0&7'3"62=&( 27*&/*4 >9 /0* 7616"= '*)3462 )6"*? @"* '356"= (&7/ 6" *6=0/0 "3/*1 :563)&< 61 1A8!26*"/0*7* 837 /0* !"#$% 49"&'62? B0* 7*(*&/*4 CD1 6" /0* 2*))3 1A(()9 /0* 709/0'62 (A)1* 837*&20 '*&1A7* :E<? B061 *%2*7(/ 61 &" *%&'()* 38 03'3(03"62 /F3,(&7/ F76/6"= *%(&"4*4

6463'&/62&))9 837 83A7 5362*1? !/ 0&1 /0* /*%/A7* 38 1/76"= GA&7/*/ 'A162?

"##$%$&'() *&++,'%-. B3 *"0&"2* /0* '3/63". 23"164*7 !"&&"'#(% 3" /0* H*))3 (&7/?

!"#$%&' )*C

;>AD<' )*-

,

-

E

F



13

,-)!.%" 0/ 123456 ,73289

$%&'()* +,I 23"/6"A*1 /0* 1/A49 38 2)31*,(316/63" 203741 >A/ F6/0 & 4688*7*"/ 709/0'62(&//*7" &"4 & 20&"=*4 '*)3462 (73>)*' 6" /0* /7*>)*? B0* 32/&5* '*)349 61 23"/6"A*4 6"/0*!71/ 563)6"1 &/ :;<? C68/01 38 /76&41 1*75* F*)) &1 1/&7/6"= &"4 1A1/&6"6"= "3/*1 837 23''3"/3"*1 6" 20374 (73=7*1163"1 :1*23"4 563)6"1<? B0* /76()*/ !=A7* 6" /0* 563)& (&7/ :J< 4*765*1

873' /0* /3( "3/*1 38 /0* 376=6"&) (6&"3 /76()*/? K*&77&"=*4 !=A7&/63"1 38 /061 L6"4 103A)423"161/ 38 /0* 1'&))*1/ (3116>)* 6"/*75&)1. &)F&91 '356"= /3F&74 /0* "*&7*1/ (316/63"1 381A22**46"= 20374 /3"*1? B0* 2*))3 >3F6"= &/ :E< 61 7*23''*"4*4 837 *%/7&2/*4 >&11 (&7/1F6/0 16'6)&7 "3/&/63"? B0* >&11 !"&&? :M< 4*!"*1 /0* 709/0'62 (A)1* 38 *&20 '*&1A7*? B76()*/"3/&/63"1. &1 A1*4 0*7*. 103A)4 "3/ >* /7&"1276>*4 &1 6" C6=? +,E *%2*(/ 6" 1)3F /*'(31?

"##$%$&'() *&++,'%-. C37 *)*2/73"62 12376"=. & 1)6=0/ &22*"/ 3" /0* !71/ (6/20 38 *&20/76()*/ 103A)4 >* 23"164*7*4? B0* *88*2/ 38 /F3,&=&6"1/,/07** F6)) 3/0*7F61* >* )31/? H&7*8A))9)61/*" /3 /0* 7*2374*4 (6&"3 *%&'()*?

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

"##$%$&'() *&++,'%-.

C37 *)*2/73"62 12376"=. /0* 20&))*"=* 61 6" '&L6"= /0* /76))1 (73(*7)923""*2/?

1.)#*) *)) $)0( !#2) 3%, )0#4!.)5

!"#$%&' )*,G



14

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ . / 0. 12 31. 4 5 .67899: * ;<=$ />#?= @= )@<>?AB

!"#$%&' )*,G

, -

E

F

H

I



15

!"#$%&' )* +,-./0 !1-,23

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

!""#$#%&'( *%++,&$-. E2 +**0)0'2+/5 ,'.# 3'/'.(%/ &'/%)0'2 0& )' &;0)3" -+.)& =6 -%))021)"# F0'/+& '2 F0'/02& 9 +2* ,'>021 F0'/02& 9 )' )"# F0'/+& -+.)7

!"#$%&' )*++

2. Left-Hand Broken Chords in Open Position

+

,

-

.



16

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ . / 0. 12 31. 4 5 .67899: * ;<=$ />#?= @= )@<>?AB

P"3/0*7 1*//6"= 38 203741 6" /061 2)&116!2&/63" :$%&'()* +,;E< 61 =65*" /3 103F /0* &446/63"

38 & 1*23"4 709/0'62 (&7/ :;< F0620 6"2)A4*1 /0* 3A/)6"6"= >&11 "3/*1 13 *11*"/6&) /3 /0*1/&>6)6/9 38 /0* 0&7'3"62 (73=7*1163"1? B0* 7&"=*1 &"4 /3"&) 1/7*"=/0 38 /0* '*)3462 /7*>)* SA1/689 /061 &446/63"?

"##$%$&'() *&++,'%-. C37 *)*2/73"62 12376"=. /0* 465616 T63)6"1 ; F6)) 7*GA67* &/ )*&1/5*)326/9 *46/6"= 13 /0&/ /0* (&7/1 &7*"D/ 35*7>*&76"=?

!"#$%&' )*,-

,

!"#$%&' )*,E

,



17

,-)!.%" 0/ 123456 ,73289

CA7/0*7 &(()62&/63" 38 /0* (76"26()*1 A1*4 6" /0* /F3 (7*563A1 *%&'()*1 2&" >* &(()6*4 /3/061 (73=7*1163" >9 U7&0'1 103F" 6" $%&'()* +,;J? B061 !=A7&/63". >73L*" 6"/3 /F3 (&7/1.0&1 /0* /06741 23"/6"A3A1)9 6" /0* 563)&1. F06)* /0* 2*))31 &"4 >&11 23'>6"* /3 2)&7689 /0*>&11 (&7/?

3. Broken Chords Spaced for Two Hands

!"#$%&' )*,F

,

-

E

-

,

,



18

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ . / 0. 12 31. 4 5 .67899: * ;<=$ />#?= @= )@<>?AB

!" $%&'()* +,;M 3" /0* (7*563A1 (&=*. /0* >73L*" 203741 0&5* /F3 461/6"2/ (36"/1 386"/*7*1/? C671/. /0*7* 61 /0* "*2*116/9 38 *1/&>)6106"= /0* 23"/6"A3A1 16%/**"/0,"3/* '3/63"837 /0* !71/ /07** '*&1A7*1? B0* 1*23"4 23"2*7"1 /0* /F3 23"/7&1/6"= '*)3462 )6"*1 F06202&" >* *%/7&2/*4 873' /0* !71/ &"4 )&1/ "3/*1 :)3F1 &"4 06=01< 38 /0* (73=7*1163"?

B0* =65*" 3%,() 49"&'62 1A==*1/1 (+((" 12376"= F6/0 & '&%6'A' 38 13"376/9? B0* 6'()6*4'*)3462 )6"*1 6" /0* /7*>)* &"4 >&11 &7* 1(&2*4 13 /0&/ /0* 43A>)* 709/0'62 (&7/1 6" /0*1*23"4 563)6"1 &"4 563)&1 2&" 8A"2/63" 87**)9? B061 12376"= ()&" 0&1 230*163" F6/06" &(7*1276>*4 7&"=* 1(7*&4?

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

(&7/1? !" =*"*7&). 6/ 103A)4 >* *1/&>)610*4 /0&/ "A'*73A1 >73L*",20374 (73=7*1163"1 6" /0612)&116!2&/63" F3"D/ &)F&91 >* &4&(/&>)* /3 1/76"= /7&"1276(/63". 837 (6&"61/62 'A162. &/ 6/1>*1/. 61 )*&1/ (7&2/62&>)* F0*" /7&"1276>*4 837 3720*1/7&?

"##$%$&'() *&++,'%-. C37 *)*2/73"62 12376"=. "*6/0*7 /0* ;Q/0 "37 -/0 (&11&=*1 &7* /76()*/1?B0* ;Q/01 &7* 6" =73A(1 38 16%? B0* *6=0/0 "3/*1 1/&7/6"= 6" >&7 M 38 /0* *%&'()* 0&5* & 8**)38 /07**. >A/ "3/ /76()*/1?

B061 /F3,(&7/ 1A22*1163" 38 >73L*" 203741 837 /F3 0&"41 61 6"2)A4*4 6" /061 4612A1163" 6"&" *8837/ /3 103F 5&763A1 F&91 38 &4&(/&/63" "3/ 2&1A&))9 3>563A1? !/ (7*1*"/1 & 20&))*"=*

/3 /0* 64*& 38 V'&L6"= 13'*/06"= 3A/ 38 "3/06"=W 6" & 1/7A2/A7&) 1*"1*? B0*1* /F3 (&7/1 6"23"/7&79 '3/63" 2)*&7)9 6"462&/* &" 6'()6*4 '*)3462 )6"* &"4 0&7'3"62 (73=7*1163"? !/ 2&"/0*7*837* >* 7*&77&"=*4 873' *6/0*7 38 /0*1* (36"/1 38 56*F 4*(*"46"= A(3" 6/1 ()&2* 6" &8A)) 23"/*%/?

@" /0* 8&26"= (&=*. /0* 709/0'62 1*23"4,563)6" (&7/ 6" $%&'()* +,;O> &2/1 &1 & 2*"/7&) (653/837 /0* )6/*7&) !71/ 563)6" &"4 563)& (&7/1? B0* 6"2)A163" 38 /0* 2*))3 61 837 8A7/0*7 1A1/&6"*4A"6/9. &"4 6/1 A1* F3A)4 >* 3(/63"&). 4*(*"46"= A(3" /0* 8A)) 23"/*%/ 38 /0* (&11&=*? !"$%&'()* +,;O2. /0* /F3 3A/164* (&7/1 3A/)6"* /0* 6'()6*4 '*)3462 4*16=" F06)* /0* 6"164*(&7/1 7*'&6" A"20&"=*4 873' /0* 376=6"&) 5*7163"?

!"#$%&' )*,H#



19

,-)!.%" 0/ 123456 ,73289

!"#$%&' )*,HJ

!"#$%&' )*,HK



20

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ . / 0. 12 31. 4 5 .67899: * ;<=$ />#?= @= )@<>?AB

!"#$%&' )*,HL

!"#$%&' )*,H'



21

!"#$%&' )* +,-./0 !1-,23

!"#$ &"'( &)*# +, &-.$(/-'*&'+$ '( 0#('-#01 &"# &2+ *.-&( /.$ 3# .(('4$#0 &+ .$) '$(&-56#$&(/.*.37# +, *7.)'$4 &"#6 '$ &"#'- #$&'-#&) .$0 2'&"+5& 5$$#/#((.-) -.$4# 0',!/57&'#(8 9"#-#'( . 5$':5# #;.6*7# +, &"'( (&)7# +, &2+<*.-& 2-'&'$4 '$ &"# 6'007# +, &"# !"#$%& (#/&'+$+, =.'$&<=.#$>( '()*+&,( .&/08 ?#-#1 &"# /+6*+(#- #(&.37'("#( . 0'.7+45# +, &2+<*.-&

/+5$&#-*+'$& ('6'7.- &+ &"# @+A.-& #;/#-*& *-#B'+5(7) 0'(/5((#01 2"'/" (53(#:5#$&7)(#-B#( .( . 3./C4-+5$0 +$ 2"'/" &"# *-'$/'*.7 6#7+0'/ 6.&#-'.7 '( (5*#-'6*+(#08

9"#(# '775(&-.&'+$( #,,#/&'B#7) 0#6+$(&-.&# &"# *-#6'(# &".& &"#-# /.$ 3# (#B#-.7 2.)( +,+-/"#(&-.&'$4 . 4'B#$ *"-.(# +- *.((.4#1 #./" :5'&# 0',,#-#$& ,-+6 &"# +&"#-1 35& #./" :5'&#*+(('37) /+--#/&8 9"# !$.7 /"+'/# 65(&1 .( .72.)(1 3# 4+B#-$#0 3) &"# .**-+*-'.&#$#(( +,&"# (/+-'$4 2'&"'$ . (*#/'!/ 65('/.7 /+$&#;&8

4. Broken Chords in Right-Hand With Implied Melodic Line

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

!""#$#%&'( *%++,&$-. 9"# 6#7+0) 7'$# '$ H'+7'$( I '( 0#-'B#0 3) *7.)'$4 &"# .-*#44'.&#0&-'*7#&( .( 37+/C /"+-0(8 H'#2#0 &"'( 2.)1 '& 3#/+6#( -#.0'7) .**.-#$& "+2 &"# H'+7'$( J*.-& 2.( /-#.&#08

412#52 522 ,263 *#$2 7&8 26#)*12/

!"#$%&' )*+,



22

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ . / 0. 12 31. 4 5 .67899: * ;<=$ />#?= @= )@<>?AB

!"#$%&' )*,I



23

,-)!.%" 0/ 123456 ,73289



24

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ . / 0. 12 31. 4 5 .67899: * ;<=$ />#?= @= )@<>?AB

5. Broken Chords With Blocked Melodic and Rhythmic Patterns

!"#$%&' )*,M

,

-



25

,-)!.%" 0/ 123456 ,73289

B0* 1*//6"= 38 /061 56=373A1 U**/035*" (&11&=* 83))3F1 /0* >&162 '*/034 A1*4 837 $%&'()*+,;Q. /03A=0 "3/ "*=)*2/6"= 4688*7*"2*1 38 49"&'621 &"4 7&"=*1? !/1 1(&26"= &"4 1/9)* &7*&88*2/*4 >9 /0* *(,)((% :35*7)&((6"= 37 (6)6"= A( 38 1037/ >6/1 38 /0*'&/62 '&/*76&)<. /0**'>*))610*4 X (*4&) (36"/ &"4 /0* =*"*7&) .)2#(% (07&16"= 6" /0* !71/ *6=0/ '*&1A7*1?

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

@/0*7 1(*26*1 38 >73L*" 203741 &7* >*1/ /7&"1276>*4 >9 '*&"1 38 /0* '*&1A7*4 >3F*4/7*'3)3? !/ 7*GA67*1 & "3/&/63" /0&/ 7*/&6"1 /0* 1&'* 709/0'62&) 5&)A*1 >A/ F6/0 7*4A2*420374 1(7*&41? !/D1 ()&9&>)* &/ &)) /*'(31 &"4 49"&'62 )*5*)1?

6=@'N !" =*"*7&). 6/D1 &4561&>)* "3/ /3 F76/* 16"=)*,)6"* >&11 (&7/1 837 /0* 23"/7&>&11*1F6/03A/ A"613" 37 43A>)6"= 38 13'* L6"4? B0* >3F6"= 837 &)) /0* 1/76"=1 0*7*0&1 >**" &77&"=*4 /3 (734A2* &" &22A'A)&/65* *88*2/ 38 13"376/9 &"4 /*"163" &1

6"462&/*4 >9 /0* *(,)((%?



26

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ . / 0. 12 31. 4 5 .67899: * ;<=$ />#?= @= )@<>?AB

P)/03A=0 /061 *%&'()* 61 (76'&76)9 23"2*7"*4 F6/0 /0* 461(316/63" 38 >73L*" 203741. 6/&)13 235*71 1(&26"= 837 /0* 2)31*,(316/63" 203741 6" /0* >&11 (&7/? B0* 3%,("**"4% 49"&'627*GA67*1 & '&%6'A' 38 13"376/9 F0620. 6" /061 2&1*. 2&" >* &64*4 >9 43A>)* 1/3((6"= 837/0* 563)&1 &"4 2*))31?

6. Arpeggiated ChordsP1 103F" 6" $%&'()* +,;I 3" /0* 8&26"= (&=*. 1/76"= &77&"=*'*"/1 38 &7(*==6&/*4 2037414688*7 873' /0*67 (6&"61/62 23A"/*7(&7/1 6" 3"* 6'(37/&"/ 7*1(*2/Y 6/D1 & /*20"62&)6/9 /3F0620 /0* "3",1/76"= ()&9*7 'A1/ (&9 (&7/62A)&7 &//*"/63"? Z6&"3 203741 6" /061 2&/*=379A1A&))9 0&5* /0* 7*(*/6/63"1 38 8A)) 20374 1(7*&41 &77&"=*4 13 /0&/ "3 "3/*1 &7* 7*(*&/*41A22*1165*)9. *6/0*7 F6/06" /0* 20374 )6'6/1 37 6" 6/1 7*(*/6/63"1? Z6&"61/62 /*20"6GA* &))3F1

6"/*75&) 1L6(1 A( /3 &" 32/&5*. 43F"F&74 37 A(F&74. 837 7*(*/6/63"1 >A/ "3/ 7*(*&/*4"3/*1 38 /0* 1&'* (6/20?

[3F*5*7. 1/76"=,&7(*==6&/*4 203741 &7* 6463'&/62 3")9 F0*" 7*(*&/*4 "3/*1 38 /0* *#4) !"('7 322A7 &1 1/&7/6"= "3/*1 837 *&20 20&"=* 38 >3F? B061 61 & /*20"62&) *%(*46*"/ F06202&""3/ >* 6="37*4 37 35*7)33L*4?

!"#$%&' )*,+



27

,-)!.%" 0/ 123456 ,73289

"##$%$&'() *&++,'%-. $88*2/65* &7(*==6&/*4 203741 &7* &)13 (734A2*4 A16"= *6/0*7 /76()*1/3(1 37 GA&47A()* 1/3(1? +** 1,%3)**"%$#. 8,'7)*(,#("%$ 9%.+4) :; <%.% =$*(,+4)$(* #$>=$*(,+4)$(#("%$ ?%()* 837 & 23'()*/* )61/ (*7 1/76"=*4 6"1/7A'*"/?

!"#$%&' )*,C



28

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ . / 0. 12 31. 4 5 .67899: * ;<=$ />#?= @= )@<>?AB



29

1. Large Melodic Skips!"#$% '%()*+, -.+/- +0 "(( 1)#'- "0* -+2%- "#% 0"34#"( ,5"#",3%#+-3+,- )1 '4-+, 1)# .%67)"#*+0-3#4'%03- 85%#% 0) +03)0"3+)0 *+1!,4(3+%- %9+-3: ;01)#340"3%(6< -3#+0$ /("6%#- '4-3

!"#$ &'$() *+, -(&.'< 85+,5 "43)'"3+,"((6 #"+-%- 35% -/%,3#% )1 /)--+7(% 1"4(36 +03)0"3+)0<%-/%,+"((6 1)# #"/+* /"--"$%- 8+35 0)0=*+"3)0+, ("#$% +03%#>"(-: ?"--"$%- ,)03"+0+0$@4%-3+)0"7(% +03%#>"( /"33%#0- +0 35+- ,"3%$)#6 '"6 1#%@4%03(6 7% #%>+-%* +*+)'"3+,"((6 1)#-3#+0$- 76 *+>+*+0$ 35%' +03) 38) /"#3- "##"0$%* 3) #%(+%>% "8.8"#* -.+/-< 6%3 #%3"+0+0$35% 14(( "">)# )1 35% )#+$+0"(:

A5% 35%'% +0 B9"'/(% C=DE +- ,"((%* " ,)'/)40* (+0% 7%,"4-% 38) '%()*+, 35)4$53- "#%74+(3 +03) +3: F"#+"3+)0- "=* "#% ,#%"3%* 8+35 35+- +0 '+0*:

!"#$%&' )&*"+ , -&./012&$*+

Chapter 3

!"#$%&' )*+,#

-



30

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ . / 0. 12 31. 4 5 .67899: * ;<=$ />#?= @= )@<>?AB

B9"'/(% C=DE" 5"- 35% %--%03+"(- )1 35% /+"0) %9,%#/3 +0 "0 "*>+-"7(% -%33+0$ 35"3 #%3"+0-"(( 35% 1%"34#%- )1 35% )#+$+0"(G /5#"-+0$< )11=7%"3 ",,%03-< "0* 7"-+, )0%=>)+,% 3%934#%: H3I-/("6"7(% "3 "(( -/%%*- "0* *60"'+, (%>%(-:

H1 /("6%* ,*,/0$1"&*< 35+- J%7%# %9,%#/3 5"- 38) "**+3+)0"( -%33+0$- 85+,5 ,5"0$% +3- 3%934#%743 "** -)0)#+36 "0* #5635'+, *#+>%: K)35 "#% 14#35%# +((4-3#"3+)0- )1 35% *+>%#-+!,"3+)0/)--+7(% 1#)' (+'+3%* -)4#,% '"3%#+"(:

!"#$%&' )*+,C

6=@'D H0 ')*%#"3%=3)=-()8 3%'/)-< 35% )#+$+0"( !$4#"3+)0 ,)4(* 7% /("6%* (+3%#"((6<8+35 )0% -(+$53 ,5"0$% 85+,5 43+(+2%- 35% #%/%"3%* 0)3% /("0 1)# 7)8 ,5"0$%-"- +0 B9"'/(% C=DE7:

!"#$%&' )*+,E



31

,-)!.%" 0/ 1234567 *6829 : $6;<=>?6489

B9"'/(% C=DL ,)'7+0%- 7#).%0 ,5)#*- 8+35 7#).%0 ),3">%- 3) 7% /("6%* 2*)&(33(!*: A5+-*60"'+, ,"0 7% 7%-3 ",5+%>%* 76 *+>+*+0$ 35+- !$4#"3+)0 +03) 38) /"#3- -) 35"3 " '"9+'4')1 -/%%* "0* -)0)#+36 ,"0 7% '"+03"+0%*:

M%#%< 35% /+"0+-3+, -%@4%0,% +- *%,+*%*(6 "8.8"#* 1)# -3#+0$- "0* #%@4+#%- *+>+-+)0- 35"3.%%/ 35% /"#3- 8+35+0 (+'+3%* #"0$%-< 35%#%76 /#%>%03+0$ 40*4% -5+13+0$ )1 /)-+3+)0-: H035+- ,)00%,3+)0< +3I- "*>+-"7(% 3) '"+03"+0 #5635'+, /"33%#0- )0,% %-3"7(+-5%*:

!"#$%&' )*+,F

!"#$%&' )*+-



32

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ . / 0. 12 31. 4 5 .67899: * ;<=$ />#?= @= )@<>?AB

!"#$%&' )*++



33

,-)!.%" 0/ 1234567 *6829 : $6;<=>?6489

H0 35% !0"( "0"(6-+-< "(( #%>+-+)0- )1 '%()*+, (+0%- 8+35 ("#$% -.+/- '4-3 7% *%3%#'+0%* 7635% %93%04"3+0$ /#)>+-+)0- )1 3%'/) "0* *60"'+, (%>%(: N%#3"+0(6< +3I- 1"# ')#% /#%1%#"7(%3) 5">% +*+)'"3+, -3#+0$ 8#+3+0$ 35"0 3) 0%%*(%--(6 1)#,% -3#+0$ /("6%#- +03) !$4#"3+)0- "0*/5#"-%- 85+,5 7%()0$ 40*%# 35% !0$%#- )1 " /+"0+-3:

O(35)4$5 /#)1%--+)0"( >+)(+0+-3- 8)4(* 5">% 0) '"P)# +03)0"3+)0 *+1!,4(3+%- 8+35 " (+3%#"(/("6+0$ )1 35+- '%()*6< /("6%#- 8+35 (%-- 3%,50+,"( -.+(( '+$53 %9/%#+%0,% 40,%#3"+03+%-8+35 +03)0"3+)0: Q)# 35"3 #%"-)0< *+>+-+)0 )1 35% '%()*6< "- $+>%0< +- *%-+#"7(% +1 35% 3#%7(%/"#3 +- 3) -)40* 0"34#"( "0* 401)#,%*:

40$"3$ 3$$ ,$5& -"1$ 2*) $5"!-0$6

!"#$%&' )*+G



34

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ . / 0. 12 31. 4 5 .67899: * ;<=$ />#?= @= )@<>?AB

!"#$%&' )*+G



35

,-)!.%" 0/ 1234567 *6829 : $6;<=>?6489

2. Outlining a Melodic LineA5% -34*6 '"*% )1 35% /#%>+)4- ,("--+!,"3+)0 +- " $))* /#%#%@4+-+3% 1)# )43(+0+0$ " '%()*+,(+0%< -+0,% 7)35 -47P%,3- "#% 8)#."7(% 76 '4,5 35% -"'% 3%,50+@4%: R)-3 %9"'/(%- +0 35+-

,"3%$)#6 ,)'7+0% " #5635'+,!

$4#"3+)0 8+35 "0 +'/(+%* '%()*+, (+0%: K6 +-)("3+0$ 35%-%%(%'%03-< 38) *+-3+0,3 "0* +0*%/%0*%03 /"#3- ,"0 7% 1)#'%*: A5%-% -%/"#"3% /"#3- ,"0 7%*%3%#'+0%* 76 "//(6+0$ 35% /#+0,+/(%- )1 5"#')0+, "0"(6-+-: S0,% 35% '%()*6 +0 ')-3%(%'%03"( 1)#' +- %-3"7(+-5%*< +3- #5635'+, ,)403%#/"#3 ,"0 7% "*P4-3%* 3) !3 35% #5635'+,#%/#%-%03"3+)0 )1 35% )#+$+0"(:

!"#$%&' )*+H

!"#$%&' )*+I

-



36

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ . / 0. 12 31. 4 5 .67899: * ;<=$ />#?= @= )@<>?AB

!"#$%&' )*+J

!"#$%&' )*+K

-

K6 /%#'+--+)0 )1 T:U: T)8 R4-+, N)'/"06< K)-3)0:



37

!"#$%&' )* +,-./01 203,4 5 60789:;0.34

3. Dividing a Melodic Line!"#$%&' )*''%+ ,- '.,/ &0*//,!&*',1- 210013/ +*'.%+ &01/%04 *01-5 '.% 0,-%/ %/'*#0,/.%6 21+'.% 7+%8,1"/ '31 !"#"$"%&" ()*$+ %-'+,%/9 :.% 7"+71/% .%+% ,/ '1 -1' 1-04 +%8,/% )%016,%/

3,'. 71//,#0% 0*+5% ,-'%+8*0/; #"' '1 ,-'%-',1-*004 6%8%017 * '31<81,&% /'+"&'"+% 3.,&. 3,00*66 ,-'%+%/' *-6 8*+,%'4 '1 1'.%+3,/% /'*',& .*+)1-,& !00%+/9 =- >?*)70% !<@A '.,/ '.%1+4,/ 7+*&',&%6; +%/"0',-5 ,- * 6,*015"% 21+ '.% 8,10,-/ 3.,&. +%'*,-/ '.% /*0,%-' 2%*'"+%/ 12 '.%1+,5,-*0 7,*-1 '.%)%9

>?*)70% !<@A

:.% 6,8,6%6 )%016,& 0,-% 21+ '.% /%&1-6 8,10,- ,- >?*)70% !<@A %0,),-*'%/ '.% ),660%<5*7'1-*0 81,6/ #%'3%%- '.% 1+,5,-*0 '+%#0% *-6 '%-1+ 7*+'/ *-6 )*B%/ * /)11'. '+*-/,',1- '1

'.% .*+)1-,&!

00%+ *' CDE9

!"#$%&' )*+,

-



38

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ . / 0. 12 31. 4 5 .67899: * ;<=$ />#?= @= )@<>?AB

4. Melodic Lines Combined With Repeated Note Patterns

!"#$%&' )*+L

-

+



39

,-)!.%" 0/ 1234567 *6829 : $6;<=>?6489

G

H



40

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ . / 0. 12 31. 4 5 .67899: * ;<=$ />#?= @= )@<>?AB

J5%0%>%# '%()*+, (+0%- "#% ,)'7+0%* 8+35 #%/%"3%* 0)3% /"33%#0-< +3I- 0%,%--"#6 3)-%/"#"3% 35%-% %(%'%03- ",,)#*+0$ 3) 35%+# #%-/%,3+>% 140,3+)0"( 4-%-: Q#%@4%03 *+-(),"3+)0-)1 0)#'"( -/",+0$ ,"0 7% %9/%,3%* +0 35+- ,"3%$)#6< #%-4(3+0$ 1#)' /4#%(6 .%67)"#*,)0-+*%#"3+)0-: V)4# P)7< "- )#,5%-3#"3)#< +- 3) ",5+%>% '"9+'4' -)0)#+36 1#)' " #%>+-%*

-3#4,34#% 35"3 /(",%- %",5 -3#+0$ /"#3 +0 +3- ')-3 "*>"03"$%)4- /("6+0$ /)-+3+)0:

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

"#$%&'()*+, -+..+/&.0 ;0%>%0< ,"*%02"=(+.% $#)4/+0$- )1 0)3%- 35"3 ,"0I3 7% '%3#+,"((6*+>+*%* "#% 7%-3 3#"0-,#+7%* 1)# " -)() +0-3#4'%03< -+0,% 35%6I#% +'/#",3+,"( +0 "06 )35%#1)#' W[X:

H0 35% %9"'/(% )0 35% 1",+0$ /"$%< 35% #5635'+, 3#%7(% /"#3 +0 B9"'/(% C=YE +- " 36/+,"(/+"0+-3+, *%>+,% 85+,5 +- 0)3 (+3%#"((6 "//(+,"7(% 3) -3#+0$-< %9,%/3 +0 >%#6 -()8 3%'/)-"0* *"0,% 1)#'- 85+,5 5">% 0)3% /4(-"3+)0 8+35 "13%#7%"3-: H3- )7P%,3+>% +- 3) \-+'4("3%]35% -)40* )1 )0% )# 38) $4+3"#-: A5% ,)03+04+36 )1 35% #5635'+, /"33%#0 +- '"+03"+0%* +0

35% -%,)0* >+)(+0- "0* >+)("-< 85+(% 35% +03%#,5"0$% )1 -(88: +0 35% !#-3 >+)(+0- "0* ,%(()-7#+$53%0- 4/ 35% /"--"$% ,)0-+*%#"7(6: ^)3% 35% ,)03+04"0,% )1 35% >+)(" /"#3 "3 WLX:

!"#$%&' )*G,



41

,-)!.%" 0/ 1234567 *6829 : $6;<=>?6489

!"#$%&' )*G,

- -



42

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ . / 0. 12 31. 4 5 .67899: * ;<=$ />#?= @= )@<>?AB

5. Melodic Settings: Contrasts, Comparative Strengthsand Repeated Phrases

Q+0*+0$ 35% /#)/%# -%33+0$ 1)# " '%()*6 +0 )#,5%-3#"3+)0 +- " '"33%# )1 /#+'% +'/)#3"0,%:

J5%0 35% (%"*+0$ '%()*+, (+0% +0 "06 /"--"$% ,"0 7% -%3 )11 ,(%"#(6 1#)' +3- -4##)40*+0$,)403%#/"#3- W#5635'+, !$4#"3+)0-< -4-3"+0%* 5"#')06 /"#3-< -%,)0*"#6 ,)403%#/)+03-<"0* *990(1"&*3X< 35% 8"6 5"- 7%%0 ,(%"#%* 3) -%,4#% 35% !#-3 %(%'%03 )1 7"("0,%: O 04'7%#)1 1",3)#- ,)03#+743% 3) 35% #%"(+2"3+)0 )1 35+- *+-3+0$4+-5+0$ @4"(+36:

+0 1#$'(+.'0 A5% %(%'%03 )1 ,)03#"-3 +- >+3"( 3) "(( -,)#+0$ +1 +3I- 3) 7% "(+>%: O'%()*6 85+,5 #%'"+0- %0*(%--(6 +0 35% -"'% #"0$% "0* 3+'7#% +- "/3 3)7%,)'% " *%"* '%()*6:

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

*0 46+*)$/0 B>%#6 +'/)#3"03 /5#"-% 0%%*- 1#%%*)' )1 ')>%'%03: A) ",,)'/(+-535+-< "(( ,)'/)0%03 /"#3- #%@4+#% -/",+0$- 35"3 "(()8 *%!0+3+)0 85+(%#%,)$0+2+0$ 35% ,5"#",3%#+-3+, 3+'7#% )1 %",5 +0-3#4'%03 "0* +3- -3#)0$"0* 8%". /("6+0$ #"0$%-:

70 8&6&+'&7 9&,#7)* -5(+.&.0 ?5#"-%- +0 35+- ,"3%$)#6 ,"0 ",@4+#% %93#" 3)0"(+03%#%-3 35#)4$5 35% ,)03#"-3 )1 3+'7#%- "0* /("6+0$ &$33(&7)"3: A5%)#,5%-3#"3)# ,"0 %93%0* 35+- /5"-% )1 -,)#+0$ 8+35 -5)#3< "03+/5)0"(

,"0)0+, +'+3"3+)0-:



43

!"" $%& '()*&+$ ,-$$&. /0 1%-2$&. 3 /' 2&.$/0&0$ $4 /,2"/&5 )-'' 2-.$'6 !+$(-""78 $%&,&$%45' ('&5 94. $%& &:$.-+$/40 -05 -..-0;&,&0$ 49 $<4 2-.$' 9.4, - '/0;"& =4/+&"/0& /0 &/$%&. $%& $.&)"& 4. )-'' .&;/'$&.' .&,-/0 (0+%-0;&56 >$?' $%& "/0& 49 5/.&+$/40

<%/+% +%-0;&'6 >0 <4.@/0; </$% $%/' 2.4)"&, /0 $%& $.&)"& .-0;&8 $%& /,2"/&5 ,&"457 <-'

-"<-7' -22-.&0$ 9.4, +4,)/0-$/40' 49 $%& %/;%&'$ 04$&'6 A:$.-+$/0; /,2"/&5 )-'' 2-.$'.&=&.'&' $%/' 5/.&+$/40-" 2.4+&''8 94. %&.& $%& "4<&'$ )-'' 04$&' /0 - '/0;"& =4/+& "/0& ('(-""7)&+4,& $%& 40&' <%/+% +-0 +40'$/$($& -0 /05&2&05&0$ )-'' 2-.$6 B4/+& "/0&' -5-2$-)"& $4$%/' $.&-$,&0$ 9.&C(&0$"7 -22&-. -' ).4@&0 +%4.5' -05 -$ 4$%&. $/,&' -' ,/:&5 $&04.D)-''2-.$'6

E%&0 $%&'& 2%.-'&' 4++(.8 $%& "4<&'$ 04$&' ('(-""7 %-=& 9.&C(&0$ .&2&$/$/40' $%('&'$-)"/'%/0; /,2"/&5 )-'' 2-.$'6

E%&$%&. 4. 04$ $4 ('& /,2"/&5 )-'' 2-.$' +-0 )& 5&+/5&5 40"7 -9$&. $%& 94""4</0; C(&'$/40'%-=& )&&0 -0-"7F&5 -05 -0'<&.&5G HIJ E%-$ /' $%& $&:$(.& 49 $%& ,('/+K HLJ >0 <%-$ +40$&:$54&' $%& 2-''-;& 4++(.K H3J E4("5 $%& -55/$/40 49 -0 /,2"/&5 )-'' 2-.$ %&"2 4. %/05&. -

2%.-'& <%/+% ,/;%$ )& 2"-7&5 -' 40& =4/+& -05 )7 40& /0'$.(,&0$K HMJ N%4("5 -0 -55&5)-'' 2-.$ .&,-/0 /0 /$' 4./;/0-" !"##$!%&' 4. '%4("5 /$ )& "4<&.&5 -0 4+$-=& $4 ;/=& '(224.$$4 $%& %-.,40/+ '$.(+$(.&K HOJ E/"" $%& 5/=/'/40 49 - '/0;"& =4/+& "/0& (2'&$ $%& )-"-0+& -050-$(.-" !4< 49 $%& 4./;/0-" 2-.$K P%&'& -.& $%& C(&'$/40' $%-$ $%& 4.+%&'$.-$4. ,('$ -0'<&.</$% ,('/+-" *(5;,&0$ )&94.& $-@/0; -+$/40 /0 $%/' -.&-8 '/0+& (0</'& -5-2$-$/40' +-0 "&-5$4 5/'-'$.4(' .&'("$'6

A:-,2"&' ND3I- -05 ND3I) 40 $%& 0&:$ 2-;& -.& $<4 =&.'/40' 49 $%& '-,& )-'' 2-.$ </$%&:$.-+$&5 /,2"/&5 ,&"45/+ "/0&'6 Q/99&.&0+&' )&$<&&0 $%& $<4 '&$$/0;' -.& $%4'& 49 !"##$!%&'# H=/4"-' -05 +&""4'J -05 .-0;& '2.&-5' H=/4"/0'J6

!"#$%&' )*++ ,*-.+

Chapter 4



44

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ ! # $! %& '%! ( ) !*+,--. / 0123 #4562 72 871469:

;<53=>? 8/@A5

;<53=>? 8/@AB



45

,-)!.%" 0/ '123456 7899 !8:;9

"##$%$&'() *&++,'%-. P%& 5/=/5&5 B/4"/0' L 2-.$' +4("5 -"'4 )& ,-.@&5 94. 54()"&'$42' $4 )& 49 &C(-" '$.&0;$% $4 B/4"/0' I6



46

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ ! # $! %& '%! ( ) !*+,--. / 0123 #4562 72 871469:



47

!"#$%&# ($")* +, $%-( ./0((-!.0$-+1 -( .+1.&#1&) +1/* 2-$% $%& 30#-&$* +, 20*( -1 $%0$#&4&0$&) 1+$&( -1 01* ,+#5 .01 +.."# -1 6&*7+0#) 5"(-. 01) $%&-# 4+((-7/& 0)04$0$-+1(,+# ($#-18(9

1. Repeated Notes — Without Rests

!"#$%&'()*&+ -#*&./0%1 23).4 5&6&*"*")#7

Chapter 5

!"#$%&' )*+,



48

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ - . /- 01 20- 3 4 -567889 * :;<$ .=#>< ?< )?;=>@A

"##$%$&'() *&++,'%-. !+# &/&.$#+1-. (.+#-18: .0#& (%+"/) 7& $06&1 (+ $%0$ $%& .&//+ 40#$($01)( +"$ 01) -(1;$ )+5-10$&) 7* $%& "44&# ($#-18(9

2. Repeated Notes — With Rests

"##$%$&'() *&++,'%-. </&.$#+1-.0//*: 2-$% ="01$->-18: 0 5+#& /-$&#0/ #&1)&#-18 +, $%-(&?054/& -( 4+((-7/& 7* 6&&4-18 $%& 5&/+)* 2-$% @-+/-1( A: 4"$$-18 $%& $+4 $2+ 4-$.%&(+, $%& 0,$&#7&0$ 0..+5401-5&1$ 2-$% @-+/-1( B: 01) $%& 7+$$+5 4-$.% 2-$% $%& @-+/0(9 C#:(-1.& $%& 7+$$+5 4-$.% +, $%& 0,$&#7&0$ 0..+5401-5&1$ -( D: 01) D -( 0/#&0)* -1 $%& 5&/+)*:

#&5+3& $%& D: 01) (4/-$ $%& 0,$&#7&0$ 0..+5401-5&1$ $+4 $2+ 4-$.%&( 7&$2&&1 @-+/-1( B01) @-+/0(9 E0#& (%+"/) 7& $06&1 -1 2%-.% 7+2-18( 0#& (&/&.$&)9 F4-..0$+ 2+"/) 7& 0 8++).%+-.&9

!"#$%&' )*++



49

,-)!.%" 0/ &123456(7859 '285:;<4 = ,>7:? "5@5818172A

3. Repeated Intervals as Afterbeats

C..0(-+10//*: 40((08&( +.."# -1 4-01+ 5"(-. 2-$% )-3-)&) #&4&0$&)G1+$& 40$$&#1( 0/$&#10$-187&$2&&1 $%& $2+ %01)(9 H%-( 4-01-($-. )&3-.& -( 30#-07/& -1 7+$% ($#".$"#& 01) )*105-./&3&/(9 I( /-$&#0/ $#01(.#-4$-+1 -( -54#0.$-.0/: $%& 7&($ 044#+0.% $+ +#.%&($#0/ 0)04$-+1 -( 7*#&)".-18 $%& ,"// 40((08& $+ -$( 5+($ &/&5&1$0#* #%*$%5-. 4/019 !#+5 $%-( #&)".$-+1: 1&2-)-+50$-. )-(4+(-$-+1( .01 7& 50)& +, $%& 5&/+)-. 01) %0#5+1-. &/&5&1$(: ,#&& +, 4-01-($-.-54/-.0$-+1(9

!"#$%&' )*+B

:=@C;' )*+



50

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ - . /- 01 20- 3 4 -567889 * :;<$ .=#>< ?< )?;=>@A

"##$%$&'() *&++,'%-. J%-/& #&4&0$&) 1+$&( .01 7& "(&) %&#&: 0 5+#& /-$&#0/ #&1)&#-18.01 0/(+ 7& (.+#&)9

!"#$%&' )*+D

:=@C;' )*B



51

,-)!.%" 0/ &123456(7859 '285:;<4 = ,>7:? "5@5818172A

H%& +7K&.$-3& -1 (.+#-18 40((08&( (-5-/0# $+ <?054/& FGLM 5"($ 7& $+ 0##018& 4#+4&##&4#&(&1$0$-+1 +, 7+$% $%& #%*$%5-. !8"#&( 01) %0#5+1-. 40#$( 2%&1 $%&* +.."#9 C,$&1$%&(& &/&5&1$( .01 7& .+57-1&) 0( (%+21 0$ NAO9 P+$& %+2 $%& 3+-.& /-1&( 0#& .+1$-1"&) 0$NBO 01) 1+$ )#+44&) 01 +.$03& 0( -1 $%& +#-8-10/ 0$ NLO9 H%& #%*$%5-.G%0#5+1-. 4/01 ,+//+2($%& +"$/-1& 8-3&1 -1 !-89 FGQ +1 $%& 4#&.&)-18 408&9

!"#$%&' )*+E

:=@C;' )*D

F ,

+



52

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ - . /- 01 20- 3 4 -567889 * :;<$ .=#>< ?< )?;=>@A

!"#$%&' )*+G

F ,



53

,-)!.%" 0/ &123456(7859 '285:;<4 = ,>7:? "5@5818172A

<?054/& FGLR +1 $%& 4#&.&)-18 408& (%+2( 01 &1%0#5+1-. ,+# $%& 3-+/0 0$ NBO (-1.& $%& S7&/+2 -( 1+$ +1 $%& -1($#"5&1$9 H%& #&4&0$&) 1+$&( 0$ NAO 0#& 0( -1)-.0$&) -1 !-89 FGT9



55

!"#$% %'( )* #+,-$#+$%'--, .$/$.*. $(+0 +10 %'+*203$*#4!"#"$!"%&' '(. $"()$!"%&'5*'%6 $( +"3( 6'/$(2 ' .$3*%+ )*'3$(2 0( $+# 3*#7*%+$/* +*8+"3*9 :6*#* +*8+"3*#73*#*(+ %*3+'$( #7*%$!% 730)-*;# $( 03%6*#+3'+$0(9 :6*, '3* #0-")-* 0(-, +630"26

'( */'-"'+$0( 0< +6* ;"#$%'- $(+*(+$0(# 0< +6* %0;70#*3 $( +6* 3*'-;# 0< %0;70#$+$0('-

+*%6($="*# '(. #+3"%+"3'- #+,-*#9 >0"3 ;'?03 %0(%*3( $( #%03$(2 ;"#$% $( +6$# %'+*203,#60"-. )* 20/*3(*. ), '%%*7+*. 73'%+$%*# %0/*3$(2 +6* 7-'%* 0< 6'3;0(, $( +6*#* +10.$#+$(%+-, .$<<*3*(+ #+,-*#9 :10@ '(. +63**@7'3+ 7'##'2*# '3* #+'(.'3. +*8+"3*# <03 ;"%6A*,)0'3. ;"#$%9 :6*, '3*5 601*/*35 -*## 2*(*3'- $( 03%6*#+3'- ;"#$% '(. #60"-. +6*3*<03*)* *8';$(*. $( .*+'$- <03 +6*$3 <"-- $;7-$%'+$0(#9

1. HomophonicB0;0760($% ;"#$% %'( )*#+ )* .*#%3$)*. '# ' #$(2-* ;*-0., 1$+6 ' 6'3;0($%'%%0;7'($;*(+9 C*$+6*3 +6* (";)*3 0< 7'3+# (03 +6*$3 6'3;0($% %0;7-*8$+, '-+*3# +6$#.*!($+$0(9 D$+6 $+ +6*3* $# '( ')#*(%* 0< <03;'-$E*. %0"(+*370$(+5 '-+60"26 200. /0$%*-*'.$(2 %'( )* 73*#*(+9

!"#$% $( +6$# %'+*203, %'( <3*="*(+-, )*(*!+ <30; +6* '..$+$0( 0< 6'3;0($% !--*3#5 *#7*%$'--,$( ;$..-* 3*2$#+*3#9 B01*/*35 +6*$3 $(%-"#$0( #60"-. (0+ '-+*3 ;*-0.$% 03 )'## 3'(2*#9F%+"'- (0+'+$0( <03 !--*3# %'( )* .*+*3;$(*. 0(-, '<+*3 +6* $;7-$*. 6'3;0($% 73023*##$0(#6'/* )**( '('-,E*.9 D6*( '..*.5 +6*, #60"-. %0(<03; +0 +6* 73$(%$7-*# 0< 200. /0$%*-*'.$(29 :6* <0--01$(2 *8';7-*# 6'/* )**( 7-'((*. <03 '('-,#$# 0< +6$# %-'##$!%'+$0(9

!"#$ & !'())$*+(, -./01

Chapter 6



56

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ ! # $! %& '%! ( ) !*+,--. / 0123 #4562 72 871469:

:6$# (*8+ *8%*37+5 0( +6* <'%$(2 7'2*5 $# ' ;$8+"3* 0< +10@ '(. +63**@7'3+ 13$+$(2 $( +6*60;0760($% #+,-*9 :6* #*%0(. /$0-$( '(. /$0-' !--*3# <0--01 +6* *#+')-$#6*. 36,+6;$%.*#$2(# 0< +6* +3*)-* '(. )'##5 16$%6 $# .*#$3')-* $( ;'$(+'$($(2 %0(+$("$+,9 :6* $&**&'+," )'## 7'3+ 2$/*# +6* 3$26+ #"7703+ 1$+60"+ )*$(2 +00 6*'/,9

;<53=>? 8/@A

B

;<53=>? 8/@C



57

,-)!.%" 0/ .123 4 .56773!869 :;<=>

B*3*5 +6* %0(#$#+*(+ $(+*3/'- 0< ' +6$3. $( +6* +*(03 3'(2* *#+')-$#6*# ' +63**@7'3+ 60;0760($%+*8+"3*9 :6* 3*7*'+*. -01 G# $( +6* )'## 0( #*%0(. )*'+# #*+ "7 ' <0"3+6 /0$%* <03 +6* %*--0#'(. )'##*#9

;<53=>? 8/@C



58

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ ! # $! %& '%! ( ) !*+,--. / 0123 #4562 72 871469:

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

;<53=>? 8/DE



59

,-)!.%" 0/ .123 4 .56773!869 :;<=>

R8';7-* S@QT $--"#+3'+*# *;)*--$#6*. 0%+'/*# <&,!"=, 6'3;0($E'+$0(9 O+ <"3+6*3 #601# +6*%0(+3'#+ /'-"* 0< %6'(2$(2 3'(2*# +0 %0(<03; +0 %6'(2$(2 .,(';$%#9

2. Polyphonic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

W3%6*#+3'+$0( 0< ;"#$% $( +6$# #+,-* '(. +*8+"3* (**.# 7'3+ .*!($+$0( '(. %-'3$+,9 H0--01$(2'3* ' <*1 #"22*#+$0(# <03 %'33,$(2 0"+ .*+'$-# 0< #%03$(2M

'9 F-- *(+*3$(2 7'3+# 1$+6 73$(%$7'- +6*;'+$% ;'+*3$'- #60"-. 6'/* #"7*3$03+0('- #+3*(2+6 '(. 1*$26+9 :6$# %'( )* '%6$*/*. +630"26 %0(+3'#+# 1$+6#"330"(.$(2 +$;)3*# '(. ), .0")-*. "($#0( 7'3+# <03 *;76'#$#9

;<53=>? 8/DB



60

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ ! # $! %& '%! ( ) !*+,--. / 0123 #4562 72 871469:

)9 O(#+3";*(+# %60#*( <03 *'%6 +6*;* #60"-. )* ')-* +0 %'33, $+ +630"26 $( $+#*(+$3*+,9

%9 S")?*%+ '(. '(#1*3 7'##'2*# '3* (0+ 2*(*3'--, *<<*%+$/* $< #%03*. <03

.$/$.*.5 $.*(+$%'- +$;)3*#5 *8%*7+ <03 %-$;'8*# 1$+6 <"-- 03%6*#+3'9

.9 B'3;0($E'+$0(# #60"-. (0+ )* '..*. "(-*## $(%-".*. $( +6* 03$2$('-9

*9 G,(';$%# %'( )* '.?"#+*. +0 '%%0;;0.'+* +6* 3*-'+$/* $;703+'(%* 0<*'%6 %0(+3'7"(+'- -$(*9

;<53=>? 8/DF

X*73$(+*. ), 7*3;$##$0( 0< R.1'3. P9 !'3A# !"#$% I03795 C*1 >03AY %07,3$26+ TZQQ ), R.1'3. P9 !'3A# !"#$% I0379

F##$2(*. +0 X0)*3+ P9 P301( !"#$% I095 B0--,100.5 I'-$<95 TZ[\9



61

,-)!.%" 0/ .123 4 .56773!869 :;<=>

O( R8';7-* S@QL 0( +6* 73*%*.$(2 7'2*5 *'%6 *(+3, 0< +6* #")?*%+ $( +6$# 2=>+," $# .0")-*.<03 *8+3' +0('- #+3*(2+6 )"+ +6* %0"(+*3 #")?*%+# 3*/*3+ +0 #$(2-* 7'3+#9 :6* .01(@)01# '(."($#0( 1$(.# 2$/* '%%*(+# 16*3* (**.*.9

3. Style MixturesI0;70#*3#5 <03 ;03* +6'( +63** %*(+"3$*#5 6'/* ;'.* <3*="*(+ ?"8+'70#$+$0(# 0< +6*60;0760($% '(. 70-,760($% #+,-*#9 O+U# +6$# /*3, $(+*37-', 0< #+,-* +*8+"3*# 16$%6 6'#%6'3'%+*3$E*. +6* %0(+$("'- 2301+6 0< #,;760($% ;"#$% '# '( '3+ <03;9 B01*/*35 +6$#;"#$%'- ."'-$+, .$. (0+ 3*'%6 $+# E*($+6 "(+$- +6* +$;* 0< B',.( '(. !0E'3+9 >*+ $+# 300+#'3* .$#%*3($)-* $( +6* 103A# 0< ;'(, 0< +6* ;03* .$#+$(2"$#6*. (';*# 0< +6* P'30="*7*3$0.9

:10 1$.*-, .$<<*3*(+ 7'3+# 0< +6* @1((3A1#$1715 9(+?&'!"75 ), ]06'(( S*)'#+$'( P'%6.*;0(#+3'+* %-*'3-, +6* .$<<*3*(%*# )*+1**( +6*#* +10 #+,-*#9 :6* 9 #+B"7 ;71(=51 $# ' 3'3*<03*3"((*3 0< 0(* +,7* 0< 60;0760($% ;"#$%5 )*$(2 '( *8+*(.*. #*3$*# 0< )30A*( %603.#9

P"+ +6* <0"3@/0$%* C=>=1 16$%6 <0--01# $# %0(+3'7"(+'- ;"#$% '+ $+# <03;'- )*#+9

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`N '(. +6* #7'%$(2 '+ KZN 6'/*)**( ;'.* $( +6* $(+*3*#+ 0< $(%3*'#*. #0(03$+, <03 +6* '71:'1%5"9 :6* *(+3'(%* 0< +6* )'##*#'+ KTaN #"7703+# +6* #"..*( :2"7*+%5" '(. ;*32*# #;00+6-, 1$+6 +6* %*--0# <03 +6* *(#"$(2

0%+'/*#9

;(1+:1 :11 %1G, $+>1 2"7 1G+#$(1.

;<53=>? 8/D@



62

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ ! # $! %& '%! ( ) !*+,--. / 0123 #4562 72 871469:

;<53=>? 8/D@

B

F

@

D



63

,-)!.%" 0/ .123 4 .56773!869 :;<=>

G

H I

A

C

BE



64

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ ! # $! %& '%! ( ) !*+,--. / 0123 #4562 72 871469:



65

1. Large Harmonic Gaps!"# %#&' ()*+&# ,- ./.,0)*.1 2.)(, 3&.*.(4 )/0.*5 (+06#&7#55 2)**#&(5 3".1" &#8+.&# *"#7#-* ")(/ *, 6# .( *"# 6)55 &)(4# 3".7# *"# &.4"* ")(/ .5 ,11+2.#/ 3.*" 2)55)4#5 -)& &#0,%#/

.( *"# 0.//7# )(/ +22#& &#)1"#5 ,- *"# *&#67#9 :".7# *".5 ;.(/ ,- 3&.*.(4 1)( 6# 5+11#55-+7-,& 2.)(, 0+5.1< .* ,-*#( 2,5#5 5#&.,+5 2&,67#05 -,& *"# ,&1"#5*&)*,&9 =7*",+4" *"#&# 1)( 6#

.5,7)*#/ .(5*)(1#5 3"#&# 7)&4# 0.//7#>")&0,(.1 4)25 )&# ?+5*.!)67#< *"# +5+)7 2&,1#/+&#,- )%,./.(4 *"#0 6' ) &#)&&)(4#0#(* ,- *"# %,.1# 2)&*5 .5 &#1,00#(/#/9 @( *".5 ;.(/ ,-)/)2*)*.,(< .*A5 %.*)7 *, )&&.%# )* ./.,0)*.1 ,&1"#5*&)7 2)&* 3&.*.(4 3".1" #06,/.#5 )77 ,- *"#5)7.#(* -#)*+&#5 ,- *"# ,&.4.()7 3".7# /.52,5.(4 ,- *"# 1)+5#5 ,- +(6)7)(1#/ 5*&+1*+&#59

B5+)77' 5+1" )/)2*)*.,(5 (#1#55.*)*# *"# 1")(4.(4 ,- )77 17,5#>2,5.*.,( 1",&/)7 #7#0#(*5.( *"# 6)55 2)&*5 *, ,2#( 2,5.*.,(< )7,(4 3.*" *"# &#)&&)(4#0#(* ,- 5,0# ,- *"# 5#1,(/)&'2)&*5 .( *"# *&#67#9 @- 6)7)(1# .5 *, 6# )1".#%#/ )(/ 0).(*).(#/ 6#*3##( *"#5# 2)&*5< @*A5.02#&)*.%# .( 2&)1*.1)7 ,&1"#5*&)*.,( *")* *"#&# 6# (, +(()*+&)7 7)&4# ")&0,(.1 4)25 .(6#*3##(9 !".5 5+6?#1* ")5 6##( /.51+55#/ .( ) (+06#& ,- 2&#%.,+5 #C)027#5 .( 1,(?+(1*.,(3.*" ,*"#& #(*&.#5 ,- *"# !"#"$"%&" ()*$+9 !"# -,77,3.(4 #C)027# 5#&%#5 *, .77+5*&)*# *".55+6?#1* 0)**#& )5 .* 2#&*).(5 *, 5*&+1*+&)7 2&,67#059

!"#$%&' )*+,-./0%& 12. 3%44-. 5.'%01.*

Chapter 7



66

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ ! # $! %& '%! ( ) !*+,--. / 0123 #4562 72 871469:

!"# %&&%'(#)#'* +, *"# )#-+./0"%&)+'/ 1%&*2 3' *"# *&#4-# +, *"# !&2* *5+ )#%26&#2 32+, 21#73%- 3'*#&#2*8 9* &#1&#2#'*2 % &#7+))#'.#. 2+-6*3+' ,+& #-3)3'%*3'( "%&)+'37 (%12%'.: %* *"# 2%)# *3)#: ,+& 7&#%*3'( (++. ;+37# -#%.3'( ,+& *"# )3..-#0"%&)+'/ 1%&*28!"# +77%23+'%- +;#&-%113'( +, *"# ;3+-% 53*" *"# 2#7+'. ;3+-3' 3' *"#2# )#%26&#2 5+'<*2#&3+62-/ 3'*#&,#&# 53*" *"32 1%&*8

2. Sustained Notes, Intervals and Chords='+*"#& 1"%2# +, )3..-#0&#(32*#& ;+3.2 7+'7#&'2 '+* +'-/ *"# &#%.>62*)#'* +, 2*&67*6&%-#-#)#'*2 46* *"# 1-%7# +, &#2+'%'7# %'. *"# )#%'2 ,+& 2#76&3'( 3*8 !"32 %21#7* +, +&7"#2*&%*3+'.3,,#&2 3' 1&+1+&*3+' *+ *"# 3'2*&6)#'*%*3+' ,+& #%7" 13#7#8 ?"#&# % )3'3)6) +, 1%&*2 32%;%3-%4-#: %2 3' 2#7*3+'%- 27+&3'(: *"# 1&+4-#) 32 )+&# %76*#8 @#2+'%'7#: %2 2#76&#. 4/262*%3'#. '+*#2: 3'*#&;%-2: %'. 7"+&.2 2"+6-. 4# %.>6.(#. %77+&.3'( *+ *"# '##.2 +, #%7"1%22%(#: ,+& 3* 32 % ;%&3%4-# ,%7*+&8

;<53=>? 8/@@



67

!"#$%&' )* +,-./01 $2345678 /0 9:6 ;/<<56 '61/8962

!"# /.52,5.*.,( ,- *"# *&#67# 2)&* ")5 6##( 2&#%.,+57' #C)0.(#/ .( DC)027# E>FG9 !"#/.-!1+7*' "#&# 1,(1#&(5 ) 5*&.(4 )/)2*)*.,( ,- *"# 6&,;#(>1",&/ 1&,55 &"'*"0 .( *"# 6)552)&*< 3".1" .5 ,6%.,+57' -)& &#0,%#/ -&,0 ) 7.*#&)7 )22&,)1"9

@- *"# 5*)&*.(4 !4+&)*.,( .5 &#)&&)(4#/ -,& *"# 1#77,5 )5 4.%#(< *"# 6)55#5 1)( ,+*7.(# *"#1",&/5 3".7# *"# %.,7)5 2&,%./# 0.//7#>&)(4# &#5,()(1#9 :"#( *"# %.,7)5 *);# ,%#& *"#!4+&)*.,( )* HIJ< *"# 1#77,5 1)( 5+5*).( *"# ,+*7.(.(4 1",&/ *,(#59 =5 6,*" *&#67# )(/ 6)552)&*5 )22&,)1" 17,5#& 2,5.*.,(5 3.*" ) /#1&#)5#/ /'()0.1< *"# *,*)7 &)(4# 1)( 6# 1,(*&)1*#/6' #7.0.()*.(4 *"# 6)55#5 )* HFJ9

!"#$%&' )*+,

-

.



68

$'=>&++?=@#A ='!"&+%'#%?=@* / 0 1/ 23 42/ 5 6 /789::; * <=>$ 0?#@> A> )A=?@BC



69

!"#$%&'$ )# "%*+,'$%&$)"# )' ',*-%,. #"$ "#/0 10 .)22,%,#$)&/' "2 $)31%,'4 $"#&/'$%,#5$+'4 &#. 6,)5+$'4 1-$ &/'" 10 '$%-*$-%&/ 7&%)&$)"#' )# $"$&/ %&#5,'8 9+)' /&$$,%,/,3,#$ )' *"#.)$)"#,.4 $" & /&%5, .,5%,,4 10 .0#&3)*'4 &' $+,0 ',%7, &' & 5-)., )#

.,$,%3)#)#5 $+, &3"-#$ &#. :)#. "2 '"#"%)$0 &#. %,'"#&#*, &;;%";%)&$, 2"% ,&*+ ;+%&',

"% ;&''&5,8 <# &;;/)*&$)"# "2 $+)' *&-',=&#.=,22,*$ &';,*$ "2 '*"%)#5 )' .,3"#'$%&$,. )# $+,$6" 7,%')"#' 5)7,# 2"% >?&3;/,' @=AB C&D &#. C1D4 6)$+ $+,)% *+&#5,. .0#&3)*'8

!"3;&%)'"# "2 $+, ,?&3;/,' "# $+, #,?$ ;&5, '+"6' $+, ,22,*$ "2 *+&#5)#5 .0#&3)*'"# %&#5,4 *+"%. ';&*)#54 $,?$-%,4 &#. 1&/&#*,8 E&?)3-3 $"#&/ ';%,&.' #"$ "#/0 ,22,*$$+, !"##$!%&'# "2 $+, $6" "-$')., ;&%$'4 1-$ /):,6)', #,*,'')$&$, %,.)'$%)1-$)"# "2 $+, )##,%7")*,'8 9+, ,22,*$ "2 .0#&3)*' $+,%,2"%, ,?*,,.' $+, /)3)$&$)"# "2 7"/-3,4 1,)#5 )#',;&%&1/0&''"*)&$,. 6)$+ %,/&$)7, $"#&/ '$%,#5$+' &#. $"#&/ ';%,&.'8

()"'#" #"" +",! -'." /0& ",'1-)"2

!"#$%&'$ )%"*+,-'!"#./$/"#,. *0 10#&-/2'

Chapter 8

!"#$%&' )*+,



70

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ ! # $! %& '%! ( ) !*+,--. / 0123 #4562 72 871469:

;<53=>? 8/@A



71

!""# %"&'( )(*#&+, &- * .*/0 "1 #&-2&+'2&"+ *+# "+( 34&'4 ,(+(/*))5 -6())- 24(#&11(/(+'( 7(23((+ 24( *.*2(8/ *+# 24( 6/"1(--&"+*)9 :2;- * #(%()"6(# -0&)) 34&'4'*+ 7( *'<8&/(# 24/"8,4 -28#5= 6/*'2&'(= *+# *66)&'*2&"+9 :2- /""2- -2(. 1/". 24(

#&%(/,(+2 '"+'(62&"+- "1 %(/2&'*) 4*/."+&' 6/",/(--&"+- *+# 4"/&>"+2*) '"+2/*68+2*) 6*/23/&2&+,9 ?4( 1"))"3&+, -8,,(-2&"+- */( ,&%(+ *- *&#- 1"/ 1*'&)&2*2&+, ,""# %"&'( )(*#&+, &+"/'4(-2/*) 24&+0&+,9

@&(3 (*'4 %"&'( )&+( &+ 2(/.- "1 !"#$%"&'()A+"2 %(/2&'*)A."%(.(+29

B"+-&#(/ 24( 1"/3*/# ."%(.(+2 "1 *)) '4"/# 2"+(- *- -(6*/*2( %"&'(-9

C%*)8*2(= &+ '"+2(D2= 24( 18+'2&"+ "1 *)) 4*/."+&' !))(/- *- &+#(6(+#(+2%"&'( 6*/2- 34(+(%(/ 6"--&7)(9

E66)5 '"+2/*68+2*) #(%&'(- 34(+ *66/"6/&*2(9

F(.(.7(/ 24*2 6&*+" .8-&' &- 1/(<8(+2)5 1"/'(#= 75 &2- "3+ )&.&2*2&"+-=2" /()5 86"+ &//(,8)*/ '4"/# 1"/.*2&"+-9 @"&'( 6*/2- &+ 24(-( '4"/#6/",/(--&"+- +((# +"2 *)3*5- 7( -2*2&'9

?/5 2" /(2*&+ '"+-&-2(+2 %"&'( 2(D28/(- 1"/ '".6)(2( 64/*-(-9 G"+;2 *##"/ -872/*'2 +"2(-= 7('*8-( 24( 6&*+" ."#() #"(- -"= 1"/ +" /(*-"+ "24(/24*+ 2('4+&'*) (D6(#&(+'59 F(2*&+ "+)5 24"-( +"2(- 24*2 */( /(<8&/(# 1"/4*/."+&' ')*/&25 *+# 24*2 '*+ 6/"%&#( '"+2&+8(# %"&'( 6*/2-9

!"#$% '%()#*+

Chapter 9



72

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ ! # $! %& '%! ( ) !*+,--. / 0123 #4562 72 871469:

E66)&'*2&"+ "1 24(-( -8,,(-2&"+- '*+= 3&24 (D6(/&(+'(= 7('".( '"+-2/8'2&%( 4*7&2- 3"/245"1 '8)2&%*2&"+9 E -&+,)( &))8-2/*2&"+ #(."+-2/*2(- 24(&/ 6/*'2&'*)&259 ?4( )*-2 6"&+2= #(*)&+,3&24 '"+-&-2(+2 %"&'( 2(D28/(-= &- "1 -6('&*) &.6"/2*+'( 34(+ 3"/0&+, 3&24 6&*+" .8-&'*- -"8/'( .*2(/&*)9 ?4( (D2(+2 2" 34&'4 &+'"+-&-2(+'&(- "1 %"&'( 2(D28/(- '*+ *66(*/ &- 3())

/(6/(-(+2(# &+ 24( 6&*+" 2/*+-'/&62&"+ H1/". 24( *$))+#,-.($)+ 0".#'! 1")" 2""3I &+ CD*.6)(JKLM "+ 24( 1*'&+, 6*,(9 E '".6*/&-"+ "1 &2 3&24 24( "/&,&+*) -'"/&+, 75 B"/())& ,&%(- -".(&+#&'*2&"+ "1 24( 6/"7)(.- '"++('2(# 3&24 (D2/*'2&+, 6*/2- 3&24 '"+-&-2(+2 %"&'( 2(D28/(-1/". 6&*+" .8-&'9

4)+(5+ 5++ &+6' 7(8+ 9"# +6(:7)+;



73

,-)!.%" 0/ 12345 *567389

;<53=>? 8/@A



74

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ ! # $! %& '%! ( ) !*+,--. / 0123 #4562 72 871469:



75

!"#$ &"'$( )* )+,"($-+'-#). #$ (/-+(0(12 3'14'51( #. 6#3#.6 '77(7 #.-(+($- -) 04$#,8"#," #$ ($$(.-#'112 ")0)&").#,9 !"( (/-+',-#). )* #.7(&(.7(.- 3)#,( &'+-$ *+)0"'+0).#, &+)6+($$#).$ '.7 -"(#+ $45$(:4(.- -+'.$*)+0'-#). #.-) $(,).7'+2 3)#,(

1#.($ #$ ' 7#+(,- '&&1#,'-#). )* ' ,).-+'&4.-'1 -(,".#:4(9

;/'0#.'-#). )* -"( *)11)8#.6 0)7(1$ +(3('1$ ' &+',-#,'1 0(-")7 *)+ '++'.6#.6 -"($(&'+-$9

!"( -"+(( !""#$%&'!(<='>? =5>? '.7 =,><'+( #. -"(#+ 0)$- (1(0(.-'1 *)+09 !"(2 8(+( 0'7( 52$-'+-#.6 8#-" )$**+,+-' ,")+7 -).($ '.7 @#6@'66#.6 -) $45$(:4(.- ,")+7 -).($? 54- 7#**(+#.6#. 7#+(,-#). '.7 7($#6. *)+0 -"( )+#6#.'1 0(1)72 8"(.(3(+ &)$$#51(9 !"( *)11)8#.6 6+'&"$$")8 -"( 1#.($ )* 7#+(,-#).9

.#+&(+ (++ -+0' 1&%+ *!, +0&21#+3

!""#$%&'( (* +,,-,

.-/(0,&*1 2&*'3 +**&0%-, 4*(5 6&*5(0$/ 2*(%*-33$(03

Chapter 10

!"#$%&' )*+,#



76

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ ! # $! %& '%! ( ) !*+,--. / 0123 #4562 72 871469:

;<53=>? 8/@A5

;<53=>? 8/@AB



77

!"#$%&' )*+ ,--./0123 34 #5565 76839514: $142; #4419065 <43= "14=39/8 $43046;;/39;

!" $%&'()* +,-./ 01* 012** /34"0*2(35"06 1&7* 21801'5/ 957*265!/&053" &"9 '37*'*"0:;1*8 &2* &22&"<*9 63 01&0 &"8 0=3 /&" >* 46*9 5" &"8 2&"<* =501 01* 325<5"&) '*)398:

;1* (25"/5()*6 )*&2"*9 01234<1 01* 60498 3? 01*6* '39*)6 /&" >* &(()5*9 03 &"8 6*/053" 3?01* 32/1*602&: @)0134<1 01* '*0139 ?32 &>602&/05"< 01*6* (&206 /&" &((*&2 03 >* '*/1&"5/&)A01* !"&) 2*64)06 /&" 1&7* 5"0*2*60A 750&)508A &"9 '*)395/ 5'(320&"/*: $%&'()* +,-B 3" 01*"*%0 (&<* 9*'3"602&0*6 & '599)*,2&"<* !""#$%&'! 6/32*9 03 /3'* 01234<1 01* ?4)) 03"&)6(2*&9:

(#)&*) *)) ,)-' .&%) /!0 )-&1.#)2

!"#$%&' )*+,-



78

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ ! # $! %& '%! ( ) !*+,--. / 0123 #4562 72 871469:

;<53=>? 8/@C

!"#$%&'"( *+ #"$,%--%.& ./ 012 034516 7"8 9.$:;



79

!"#$%&'"() +,,+-#. -(" /+ $0+"#$!+0 (. /1$+, 1+%+#$#$'". ', ,1(23+"#(14 3+)'0$-'1 1&4#&3$- $0+(. 5.5())4 6(14$"2 $" !"##$!%&' ,1'3 #&+$1 .'51-+ '1 '1$2$"7 8&+.++-&' +,,+-#. (1+ .&'1# -("'"$- $3$#(#$'". 9&$-& &+)% #' 0+6+)'% -'"#$"5$#47 8&+4

,1+:5+"#)4 2($" -')'1$.#$- .$2"$!-("-+ ("0 #&+3(#$- $3%'1#("-+ $" #&+ 0+6+)'%3+"# ', 6'$-+

%(1#.; +.%+-$())4 ,'1 ,5)) '1-&+.#1(7 ! .+-'"0 .#4)+ ', ("#$%&'"4 $. #&(# ', .&'1# (".9+1$"2%&1(.+. +$#&+1 $" -'"#1(.#$"2 1("2+. ("0 #$3/1+.7

!)#&'52& '--(.$'"())4 5.+0 ,'1 0$6$0+0 .#1$"2.; $#<. ( .#("0(10 0+6$-+ 9&+1+ 3$=+0 #$3/1+.(1+ (6($)(/)+7 !" +,,+-#$6+ ("#$%&'"() '6+1)(%%$"2 ', ( %1$"-$%() 3+)'04 $. ,'5"0 $" #&+.+-'"0 3'6+3+"# ', #&+ >1(&3. ($)*$+ -)+."&!); .#(1#$"2 9$#& #&+ +"#1("-+ ', #&+ .')'$".#153+"#7

/*"'#" #"" +"0! 1'2" 3)& "0'41*"5

!"#$%&'"() +,,-.#/

Chapter 11



80

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ ! # $! %& '%! ( ) !*+,--. / 0123 #4562 72 871469:

;<53=>? 8/@A



81

!"#$% ' (%)'"*%( +),(- ./ )0% )%$0#"$'*")"%+ ./ )1%2.*. )-3%+ 0'+ 4%%# 2'(% "# !"#$%&&'#()*,"-.%&/")/'#( 0#*12% 34 5#*# 6(&/"12%(/& )(7 6(&/"12%(/)/'#( 8#/%&5 /,1)0%1 ("+$,++".#./ )0"+ +,46%$) 0%1% "+ ("1%$)%( ).7'1( 3*'-"#8 1'#8%+9 :#)%1;'* '#( $0.1( )1%2.*.+ "#

)0% 2"((*% '#( ,33%1 1%8"+)%1+ ./ )0% )1%4*% +.,#( 7%** "# $*.+% 3.+")".# <=>'23*%+ !?@A

B'C5 B4C5 '#( B$CD9 E0.+% "# )0% 4'++ 1%8"+)%1 '1% $*%'1%+) 70%# +%) "# .3%# 3.+")".# <=>'23*%+!?@A B'C '#( B4CD9 E1"**+ $'# 4% %//%$)";%*- $.24"#%( 7")0 !#8%1%( )1%2.*.+5 1'1%*- 7")0 )0%4.7%( +)-*%9

!""#$#%&'( *%++,&$-. F.1 %*%$)1.#"$ +$.1"#85 )1%2.*.+ '1% 1%$.1(%( ') ' !>%( +3%%(9 !.$'1% 2,+) 4% )'G%# )0') )0% )1%2.*.+ +%*%$)%( +,33.1) )0% )%23.9 F"#8%1%( )1%2.*.+ '4.;%' 70.*% +)%3 2,+) %")0%1 4% 3%1/.12%( 2'#,'**- ') )0% G%-4.'1(5 .1 G%-%( "# '#( %(")%(+. '+ #.) ). +.,#( 2%$0'#"$'*9

!*%)&% &%% (%9/ :);% $#" %9)2:*%<

!"#$%&% !()#*

Chapter 12



82

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ ! # $! %& '%! ( ) !*+,--. / 0123 #4562 72 871469:

;<53=>? 8/@A



83

!"#$% '()*+ ,"-% .%%# /#$012%2 /# 3,% !"#"$"%&" ()*$+ 4)/*")/05 .%$"1+% (' 4)(.0%*+")/+/#6 ')(* 3,% 2/+4(+/3/(# (' 3,%/) $,")"$3%)/+3/$ "'3%).%"3+7 8# 6%#%)"09 *1+/$ '()*(+3 2"#$% '()*+ $"# .% 2/-/2%2 +3)1$31)"005 /#3( 3,)%% 4")3+: 3,% *%0(259 3,%

),53,*/$ "'3%).%"3+9 "#2 3,% ."++ 4")37 ;+ 3,% *%0(25 "#2 ."++ 4")3+ )")%05 )%<1/)% 1#1+1"0

+$()/#6 +(013/(#+9 "33%#3/(# $"# .% 2/)%$3%2 3(=")2 +(*% (' 3,% *()% ."+/$ <1%+3/(#+$(#$%)#/#6 3,% "'3%).%"3+7

>,()2 4(+/3/(#+ (' 3,%+% ),53,*/$ '"$3()+ ,"-% " 2/)%$3 .%")/#6 (# 3,% ."0"#$% (' 3,%3(#"0 4")3+7 !%3"/0%2 +3125 (' ,")*(#/$ 4)(6)%++/(#+ /# 3,/+ $"3%6()5 +,(=+ 3,"3 +%$(#2/#-%)+/(#+ (' 3)/"2+ "#2 +%-%#3, $,()2+ ")% '"-()%2 "+ +3")3/#6 4(+/3/(#+ '() "'3%).%"3+783 "0+( )%-%"0+ 3,"3 $,()2 4)(6)%++/(#+ 3"?% #%")%+3 4(+/3/(#+ "#2 )%3"/# " *"@/*1* ('$(**(# 3(#%+7

,-"*." ."" %"/+ 0*1" #2$ "/*30-"4

!"#$% '()*+

Chapter 13



84

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ ! # $! %& '%! ( ) !*+,--. / 0123 #4562 72 871469:

A.-/(1+059 (3,%) $,()2 4(+/3/(#+ ")% /#%-/3".0% /# 4)(6)%++/(#+ .13 3,%5 ")% 1#(.3)1+/-% /'40"$%2 .%3=%%# =%00B+(1#2/#6 /#-%)+/(#+7 >0(+%B4(+/3/(# $,()2+ .%0(= 3,(+% 6/-%# /# C/67DBE +(1#2 3,/$? "#2 1#=/%025 "#2 +,(102 .% "-(/2%27

>(#+/+3%#3 $,()2 3%@31)%+ =/3, /#3%)0($?/#6 4")3+ ")% <1/3% 2%+/)".0% FC/67 DBGH7 I@$%43/(#+3( 3,%+% 6%#%)"0 4)"$3/$%+ ")% '"/)05 $(**(# /# 3,% *()% "2-"#$%2 +3"6%+ (' +$()/#69 .133,%5 6( .%5(#2 3,% +$(4% (' 4)"$3/$"0 ()$,%+3)"3/(#7

J,% $(#$012/#6 %@"*40%+ /# 3,/+ +%$3/(# ")% 2%-(3%2 3( +3)/#6 +%33/#6+ (' 2"#$% '()*+7

;22/3/(#"0 +$()/#6+ /# 3,/+ $0"++/!$"3/(# $"# #(= .% )%-/%=%2 =/3, " )%-/+%2 4%)$%43/(# /#I@"*40%+ DBKL9 DBKM9 DBLN9 DBLO" "#2 .9 DBLP9 DBLQ9 DBRN9 DBRE S"T "#2 S.T9 DBRG9 "#2 DBRQ7

049;1< 8/=

049;1< 8/>



85

,-)!.%" 01/ 23456 $789:

049;1< 8/?

@A53BC< 8/DE



86

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ ! # $! %& '%! ( ) !*+,--. / 0123 #4562 72 871469:

@A53BC< 8/DF

@A53BC< 8/DG5



87

,-)!.%" 01/ 23456 $789:

@A53BC< 8/DGH

@A53BC< 8/DD



88

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ ! # $! %& '%! ( ) !*+,--. / 0123 #4562 72 871469:



89

!"#$% '( )%$*+, -+*.'+.

Appendix I

! " # % & ' " ( & ) * % % +

, # % # * - ' . # / & # * # " % * ' . 0 1 . ' " + . " 2 # 0 ' . ) . , # . , ) . , / & ) % * # 0 ' " % # * % & # 3 % ) 4 # 5 6 ) ( # ' .

7 + * # ) ( & ' . " % * 1 - # . % 8 9 ) " " # " & ) : # 2 # # . / * ' % % # . /

& # * # " + 1 . , " ; ) . + ( % ) : # / & # * #

/ * ' % % # . <

' " ) . + ( % ) : #

& ' 0 & # * = 8



90

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ ! # $! %& '%! ( ) !*+,--. / 0123 #4562 72 871469:



91

!"#$%& (%)*+,-* .*+/-0"*)

Appendix II

!"# %#&'()%#* +, %"# -+((+./,0 ')0#*&)1 2# '"+%+3+'/#4 ),4 5*#4

-+6 1+56 +., '6/7)%# *%541

+- %"# %#3",/85#* *"+., /, %"/* 2++9:



95

!"#$%" '%()*

+,-.)%* /0(1)

2,% 3($4, /,-,

!"#" %& ' (#"') )#"')* +," !"#$%&' )*+,% -'& .#%(%/'001 -#%))"/ 2.# 3%'/. 415#%"(* !.-"6"#7 ," 0')"# .#8,"&)#')"9 %) 2.# &)#%/( "/&":40"* ;'/1 .2 ),"8./8"<)& )'=(,) %/ ),%& 4..> '#" 2.=/9 %/ <#'8)%8'0 '<<0%8')%./ 41 5#%"(*



96

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ ! # $! %& '%! ( ) !*+,--. / 0123 #4562 72 871469:

!.04"#( ?=%)"

@* 3#'"0=9%=: A<* BC



97

-#*0%"1 &2'.%/ $34 !5673 &383



98

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ ! # $! %& '%! ( ) !*+,--. / 0123 #4562 72 871469:



99

-#*0%"1 &2'.%/ $34 !5673 &383



100

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ ! # $! %& '%! ( ) !*+,--. / 0123 #4562 72 871469:



101

-#*0%"1 &2'.%/ $34 !5673 &383



102

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ ! # $! %& '%! ( ) !*+,--. / 0123 #4562 72 871469:

@@* ?'#'4'/9"



103

-#*0%"1 &2'.%/ $34 !5673 &383



104

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ ! # $! %& '%! ( ) !*+,--. / 0123 #4562 72 871469:

@@@* 5'6.))"



105

-#*0%"1 &2'.%/ $34 !5673 &383

;=&"))"



106

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ ! # $! %& '%! ( ) !*+,--. / 0123 #4562 72 871469:

@D* E%#



107

-#*0%"1 &2'.%/ $34 !5673 &383



108

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ ! # $! %& '%! ( ) !*+,--. / 0123 #4562 72 871469:



109

-#*0%"1 &2'.%/ $34 !5673 &383



110

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ ! # $! %& '%! ( ) !*+,--. / 0123 #4562 72 871469:

D* F%('=9./



111

-#*0%"1 &2'.%/ $34 !5673 &383



112

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ ! # $! %& '%! ( ) !*+,--. / 0123 #4562 72 871469:



113

!"#$%" '%()*

+,-.)%* /0(1)

2,% /1%(3* !34)5.-)



114

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ ! # $! %& '%! ( ) !*+,--. / 0123 #4562 72 871469:

!"#$%&' )*+,%

-. /&0%#*1+*2 34. 56



115

-#*0%"1 &2'.%/ $34 &54678 %79:;<=:



116

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ ! # $! %& '%! ( ) !*+,--. / 0123 #4562 72 871469:



117

-#*0%"1 &2'.%/ $34 &54678 %79:;<=:



118

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ ! # $! %& '%! ( ) !*+,--. / 0123 #4562 72 871469:

--. )0&0$071%

8+9, $": ;<07'% "9 $":



119

-#*0%"1 &2'.%/ $34 &54678 %79:;<=:



120

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ ! # $! %& '%! ( ) !*+,--. / 0123 #4562 72 871469:

---. =0>",,%



121

-#*0%"1 &2'.%/ $34 &54678 %79:;<=:



122

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ ! # $! %& '%! ( ) !*+,--. / 0123 #4562 72 871469:

?*@%,,%



123

-#*0%"1 &2'.%/ $34 &54678 %79:;<=:



124

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ ! # $! %& '%! ( ) !*+,--. / 0123 #4562 72 871469:

-A. B+&



125

-#*0%"1 &2'.%/ $34 &54678 %79:;<=:



126

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ ! # $! %& '%! ( ) !*+,--. / 0123 #4562 72 871469:



127

-#*0%"1 &2'.%/ $34 &54678 %79:;<=:



128

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ ! # $! %& '%! ( ) !*+,--. / 0123 #4562 72 871469:

A. C+'0*1"7



129

-#*0%"1 &2'.%/ $34 &54678 %79:;<=:



130

!"#$%&&'#()* #",-%&.").'#(/ ! # $! %& '%! ( ) !*+,--. / 0123 #4562 72 871469:



PROFESSIONAL ORCHESTRATIONTM . VOLUME I

The First Key: Solo Instruments & Instrumentation Notes

Peter Lawrence Alexander

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

12.% 3%&/ #"-.%&/")/'#( 3##4 &'(-% 5#"&6/.7! #$%%& '()*+,-./

0-11$% (2 3(./ ./$ 456*$,&7 8 9,,&7 4:6%*+; <=4

>=?@A BCDEFEBGBFHCECFEI

2<3,:3):" /-$% +++@3:"F3&'"-=9):,.1,&?@#$% $- 01-$9?1 *$9- :$#3: )$$> .0$-"@



PROFESSIONAL ORCHESTRATIONTM . VOLUME 2A

The Second Key: Orchestrating The Melody

Within The String Section


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

<= >#1*8 .'6.*9 "%-#22%(8 /.'& ?##@ /# )(9 &/18%(/ #" >#"@'(6 A"#$%&&'#()* >'&.'(6 /# *%)"( #" %BA)(8 /.%'"@(#>*%86% #$ #"-.%&/")/'#(C =$ 9#1 '(/%(8 /# >#"@ A"#$%&&'#()**9 /.% &@'**& '2A)"/%8 ?9 /.% &/18'%& A"%&%(/%8 .%"%>'** ?% #$ %(#"2#1& ?%(% ! / )(8 >'** 6'D% 9#1 ) A"#$%&&'#()* )8D)(/)6% $#" 9#1" %(/'"% -)"%%"CE

! #$%%& '()&*$+,-$%. -/++/+0 0$*1 (2*3241%5 6/2 ')2(75 8',

9'6:; <=>?@?<A<@B=?@B?@

S?#%)#:)' ;*/" 555=#)'R#&6'*<1:)%-,%&$=./" /* +,*/1$, 4/1* )/.#) ://9 -+/*'=



How Ravel Orchestrated: Mother Goose Suite


8** 9 -)( &)6 '& $)(/)&/'-: 06 &/;<%(/& )(< 9 =%"% -#>?*%/%*6 %(/.")**%< 36 /.% )()*6&'& 6#; ?"#@'<%<A )& =%**

)& /.% &-#"% ='/. /.% '(-*;<%< ?')(# ?)"/B 2=# #$ /.% &/;<%(/& )"% C)DD >)C#"& )(< =%"% @%"6 %E-'/%< )3#;/ .#=F)@%* =)& )??"#)-.'(G .)">#('D)/'#( $"#> ) -.#"<H&-)*% C)DD .)">#(6 ?%"&?%-/'@%B 2.%6 "%)**6 &/)"/%< /# >)4%) -#((%-/'#( ='/. F)@%*I& )??"#)-. )(< =.)/ /.%6 .)@% 3%%( *%)"('(G '( )"")(G'(G -*)&& $#" 3'G 3)(<J %&?%-')**6/.% C)DD .)">#('D)/'#( )(< *'(% ="'/'(G )&?%-/ #$ /.% &-#"%B

2.% ?')(# ?)"/ )/ /.% 3#//#> #$ /.% &-#"% '& ) G"%)/ /%)-.'(G /##* $#" #"-.%&/")/'#( &/;<%(/&B 8** #$ >6 &/;<%(/&&/)/%< /.)/ /.%6 =#;*< *'4% /# &%% >#"% &-#"%& ?"%&%(/%< '( /.'& $#">)/B 2.%6 )** $%*/ /.)/ /.%6 =%"% G)'('(G ) 3%//%";(<%"&/)(<'(G #( .#= F)@%* )??"#)-.%< #"-.%&/")/'(G /.'& >#@%>%(/ 3%-);&% #$ /.% ?')(# ?)"/ /.)/ =)& '(-*;<%<'( /.% &-#"%B

2.% (%E/ /'>% 9 /%)-. >6 #"-.%&/")/'#( -*)&&A /.'& ='** 3% "%K;'"%< "%)<'(G $#" )** #$ >6 &/;<%(/&A '/ '& /.)/ G##<B9 *#@% /.% (%= )??"#)-.B

! J%K L-M N2$11-1O$%N)&,(P./ =.6.$ <1-Q$%+-.&; <=4

>=?@A BCDEFEBGBFHCEIREI

2<3,:3):" /-$% +++@3:"F3&'"-=9):,.1,&?@#$% $- 01-$9?1 *$9- :$#3: )$$> .0$-"@

Handbook FromPianoToStrings Notations

Documents

Transcript of Handbook FromPianoToStrings Notations