Handbook for Marine_Offshore Piping

8/6/2019 Handbook for Marine_Offshore Piping

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HANDBOOK FORMARINE/OFFSHOR~

PIPING, ,"'i~,~.' .~'~~ . . . , . ~

IJ. tT P CENT Rl!

" , . '

.~Marine Local Industry Upgrading Program, Singapore

CONTENTS

C om mo n U sed T ab les2 Class i f ic a tion 53 P ip in g T erm s 64 B lu ep ri nt R e ad in g 85 Abbrevia t ions 146 V al ve s a nd E xp an sio ns 187 Material 228 Procedures 249 Welding 2610 Ga s Cu tt in g 28

. , . II Cleaning 2912 Installation 3013 Test ing 3214 C o nv ers io n T ab le 33


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Pipe Schedules Diameters Wall Thickness (mm)PIPE PIPE SC H SCH SC H SC H SC HSIZE 0.0. 1 10 100 120 140 160 xx s

112 " 21.3 3.73 4.78 7.47314" 26.7 3.91 5.56 7.821- 33.4 4.55 6.35 9.09

1 '1 .- 42.2 4.65 6.35 9.7lW 48.3 5.06 7.14 10.52" 60.3 5.54 8.74 11.1

2Y," 73 7.01 9.S3 143" 88.9 7.62 11.13 15.24" 114.3 6.56 11.13 13.49 17.15" 141.3 9.53 12.7 15.88 19.16" 166.3 10.97 14.27 18.26 22S" 219.1 12.7 15.09 18.26 20.62 23.01 22.210- 273.1 15.09 18.26 21.44 25.4 28.58 25.412" 323.9 17.48 21.44 25.4 28.56 33.32 25.414" 356.6 19.05 23.S3 27.79 31.75 35.7116" 406.4 21.44 26.19 30.95 36.53 40.49lS" 457 23.83 29.36 34.93 39.67 45.2420" 508 26.19 32.54 38.1 44.45 SO.0122" 559 28.58 34.93 41.28 47.63 53.9824" 610 30.98 38.89 46.02 52.37 59.54

I. Common Used TablesPipe Schedules" Diameters ..Wall Thickness (mm)PlPE PlPE SC H SCH SC H SCH SC H0.0. sm XS 10 20 30 40 60SIZE1/2" 21.3 2.71 3.73 2.41 2.77314" 26.7 2.87 3.91 2.41 2.871" 33.4 3.36 4.55 2.9 3.3S1'I.- 42.2 3.56 4.85 2.97 3.561Y,. 48.3 3.68 5.06 3.18 3.682- 60.3 3.91 5.54 3.18 3.91

2Y," 73 5.16 7.01 4.7S 5.163" 88.9 5.49 7.62 4.78 5.494" 114.3 6.02 8.56 4.78 6.02S" 141.3 6.55 9.53 6.556" 168.3 7.11 11 7.118" 219.1 8.16 12.7 6.35 7.04 8.18 10.310" 273.1 9.27 12.7 6.35 7.8 9.27 12.712" 323.9 9.53 12.7 6.35 6.38 10.3 14.314" 356.6 9.53 12.7 6.35 7.92 9.53 11.1 15.116" 406.4 9.53 12.7 6.35 7.92 9.53 12.7 16.718" 457 9.53 12.7 6.35 7.92 11.1 14.3 19.120" 508 9.53 12.7 6.35 9.53 12.7 15.1 20.62 2 " 559 9.53 12.7 6.35 9.53 12.7 22.224" 610 9.53 12.7 6.35 9.53 14.3 17.5 24.6

&0 ....0 :: !

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~.uu ""'1q:

2. Classification SocietiesTo ensure the soundness of construction and seaw orthin ess, ships/offsho re stru ctu res a re re quired to bec ert ifie d b y so me c om pe te nt a ut ho ritie s, n or ma lly k no wna s C la ss if ic at io n S oc ie tie s. S in ce p ip in g s ys tem s a re p ar tso f s hip /o ffsh ore st ru ctu re , th eir d esig n, m an ufa ctu re a ndin st alla tio n a re g oV 'e rn cd b y t he r ule s a nd r eg ul at io ns l aidd own b y v ar io u s C la ss if ic a ti on S o ci et ie s.

R ed uc e . .. .~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~: ~ 1 :i ~ ~ . . " ~ ~ ~ ~ . . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~I :: I ~ :! I :; ;. ..1 : 0 ~ ~ . . . " ~ ~ ~ ~ .~ ~ . . . . . . . . ;. a a: ~ ~ ;;;; ;f I!:! ~ !! ! 10 2 !:! ~ ! !! !2 2 !: ! ~ ! 2 ~ ~ 2 ' ! : !> < > < >( > < 0( >< 0( " 0( 0( >( > < >( >( >( >( >( >C! 2 !2 ~ !2 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ f; s ~ f ; s f ; s f ; s f; s ~ I,0: NReducers ~ ~ ! ': : ! ': : ~ s ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ a ~ :8 ~ ~ ~ ~. . . . .::I!~ I a ~ ~ ~ ;~ $ .. . 2 ~ :: ! ~ ~ ~ . .. .. ~ OJ .. . . . . .. . ~ OJ . . . . . . III1 : 0 ~ ., ;; ., ~ ~ ~ ~ l!! l!! l!! l!! g " '. '" g '" . . ,0: N N '" OJ OJ . . . OJ . . . Ii! Ii! Ii! ~'" E I, 1n . . !o 1n . . . . 2 ;, !o 2 !: ! . . !o 2 ! : ! ~ . .I >C > < >C > < >( > < > < > < > < > < >( > < > < > < > < > < > < x0: u ~ 2 ~ ~ ! : ! ! : ! ! : ! ! : ! ~ ~ !! !! ! 2 ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! i! ~

Reducerl '" '" . . ~ ~ ~ OJ .. . . .. . . . . . . ~ ~ 0~ ~ ~ OJ. . . . . . s ~ . .. ~ ~ ;! ~::I . ., : e . . , ~ ill :l! :l ! '" ~ .. . 5 ~ \: l ~ '" ~.. . .. . . ~ ~ ~ii 0 :g :g il l '" ~ '" "' . . . . ~ . . . . , . ., ~ ~ ~ ~ ~: ~ ~ ~ ~ ;J ~ ;! ;!f IN ~ ~ N ~ ;., N ~ ;., :. ~ ;. , . . In I, In . .'"< > < > < > < > < > < > < 0( 0( >C > < >C > < > < >C )( 0( >(0: :. . ;., ;., . . 1n 1n 1n 1n . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Reducers :;; :; ; :; ; :;; :;; ~ ;t; ;t; ~ : e : e : e : e '" il l i l l il l . .. . .:I rl I ill . . ., . . . .. :; ; .. . . .. ; :;; .. . 2 :;; ~ .. . 0 ~. . . . . '" "' '" . . ., e-

0 r l I r l I ~ ~ . . . .. .. . . . . . . . ~ ;t; ;t ; ;t; : e : e ., : e : s. . . . . . . "' .. .~ ~ ~ :. . ~, .~ :~,--,~ :.. ~ N ~'" )( > < > < ~ ~ > < > < ~ ~ >C~ N N N ~ :. .

T here are va rio us C lassific atio n S ocie tie s in th e w orld .S om e o f th em a re liste d b elo w:

Name Abbreviation Country ofOrigin

A m er ic an B ur ea u o f AB S U.S.AShippingL lo yd 's R eg is te r o f LR S U. KShippingD e t N o rs ke Y e ri ta s DNY NorwayBu re au V e ri ta s BY FranceG erma ni sc he r L lo yd GL GermanyN ip po n K a ij i NKK JapanKyokai

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3. Piping Terms Pipe ScheduleThe thickness of a p ipe is defined by schedule, e .g .SC H4 0, SC H80. S ch edu le nu mb er can be c alc ula ted byu si ng t he f ormul a:1000 x PISw here P is th e in tern al p ressu re o f th e pip e (in po und s pe rs qu are in ch ), a nd S is th e a llo wa ble fib re stre ss (in p ou nd sper square inch). T hus if pressure is higher, schedule ish ig he r, t he n t hic kn es s o f p ip e is t hi ck er .

Pipe TypeS e am l es s P i peS eam P ip e

S A W - S ub me rge d A rc W elding pip eE RW - E le ctr ic R es ista nc e W e ld in g p ip e

Pipe sizeSize of p ipe is d efined by diam ete r and th ick ness. W hilespecifying the diam eter we can specify one of thefollowings: Pressure HeadP re ss ure h ea d s om etim es is sim ply c alle d h ea d, w hic h is a

r ep re se nt at io n o f p re ss ur e in sid e p ip in g s ys tem . T h e u nit ism etre. T he c onv ersion b etw ee n he ad an d pre ssu re of unitK g /e rn ! i s: P = phi l 0 00 0, w here the un it of P is Kg /e rn ': pis th e d en sity o f flu id , u nit is K g/m "; h is t he p re ss ur e h ea d,u nit is m .

III Nomin al D iam et er ( NO )III Ou t si de D i amet e r (00) Inside D iam eter (lD )~~ IF~ , , ~ C " C " ~ " ,Do o f f x : . J~V.G enerally, for' specifying diam eter of a p ipe, w e use asta nda rd dia me ter called nom in al d iam ete r (a lso ca lle dN om inal Bore). N om inal d iam eter has a value close toin sid e d ia me te r. I n m ost c as es, N O is a m utn ple o f 5 r n r n ,

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4. Blueprint ReadingTypes of DrawingP ip in g d ra win gs d esc rib e th e p ip in g m ate ria l, size , sh ap e,a nd lo ca tio n o f a p ip in g sy ste m. SYMBOL

-I>--CJ---I--D- - 1 1 f c .--a-.- - 1 : f c .

(E J[]JII!l1 8 1~

[]jillco@hyfVVV>.

"""""f1 ]~(lI-- < 4 G LO BE S TO P C HE CK V AL VE~ S WlN G C HEC K V ALV E O R D UO C HE CK V ALvEN B un ER FI L Y V AL VEIX ! B A LL V A Ll i(sr o A NG LE V AL VE

~It) A NG LE S TO P C HE CK V AL VEe - o - P ET C OC K[)I::J N EE D LE V AL VE~ S EL F C LO SI NG V AL li(~ Q UI CK C LO SI NG V AL li (~ H YD RAN T V ALli( W ITH C AP A ND C HA INF OO T V AL VE!i 3-W AY V ALV ER EL IE F V AL li( O R S AF ET Y V AL VE~ F LU S HI NG V A LV Eli (N T. C HE CKC * ; : ) P LU G V AL VEt::i D I AP H RA GM V A LV Ef > I < I K N IF E V A LV E

~ S CU PP ER V AL VEP RE SS UR E R ED UC IN G V AL VE ( RE GU LA TO R )!S OL EN ll l0 O P ER A TE D V AL VEV AL VE W IT H A CT UA TO R~ T EMP EAT U RE CONT ROL V A LV E (REGULATE-BYPASS)[)I::J V AL VE W IT H R EA CH -R O D ( EX TE ND ED S PI ND LE )~ S T EAM T EMT ERA lU RE CONT ROL V A Ll i(

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IN STRUMENT L EGENDSYMBOl . DESCRIPT IONBJ PRESSURE SW i TCHa P RES S URE C A UG EE l COMPOUND G A UG E P RES S URE RE IA O TE REA DO u T P RES S URE CONT ROle T tMPERATURE IND ICA IOR

@ ) T t t. lP ERATURE RE IAOTE RADOUT TE II P ERATURE CONTROL8 WORK ING THERUOSTAT@ ) SAFt1Y THERIAOSTAT@ T tU PE RA rU R t A LA Ru@ S A L IN I T Y A l AR "e L V (L A LA RMe LV (L A LAR " H IG H6) L V (L A LA R'" L OW@ ) LEVEL INOICATO~

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P iping sym bols used in arrangem ent draw ings ands po ol p ie ce d ra win gs a re li ste d b elo w:

SYMBOL

0--01-----(---)-~-+-

DlLY-IJATE}-SEPARATOR

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M E A N I N G SYMBOL M E A N I N GStraight pipeA horizontal pipe withA downward verticalpipeA horizontal pipe withA upward verticalpipeLeft pipe is horizontaland right pipe is goingupwardRight pipe is horiz orit cland left pipe is goingupwardOne main pipe with twobranch pipes

Two pipes are notconnecting

Square and text arerepresenting machinery,equipment or tank.

OVERBOARDrepresenting the pipeis connecting with hullfor suction from ordischarge to overboard

PUMP SYMBOL AND TEXTrepresenting a pumpand its type

V ALV E S YM BO Lrepresenting a valve,Different valve hasdifferent symbol.INSTRUMENTATIONrepresenting oninstrument. Differentinstrument hasdifferent symbol.IN TE RR UP TIO N S YM BO Lmeans the pipe will gofurther, The locationwhere the liquid goesto or comes fram willbe written with texts,

5. Abbreviations

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Group IA NS I A merica n N atio na l S ta nd ards InstituteA SM E A merica n S oc ie ty o f M ec ha nica l E ng in ee rsASTM American Socie ty of T esting M aterials '0[' , Deg rees Fah renhei tC Degrees CentigradeLBS Pounds< l> DiameterBB Bolted BonnetBC Bolt C ircleBE Beveled Ends (for weld ing)BF B lind F langeBL Base LineBM Bill of M ateria lBOP Bottom of P ipeBW Butt weldC h , O p . C h ai n O p er at edC [ Cast [ronCO C lean O ut

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FLG , FlangeFOB Flat on BottomFW Field W eldHC HydrocarbonIB8M [ron Body B ronze M ountedlD Inside D iam eter[NS Insu la te!NV, Invert (inside b ot tom o f p ip e)IPS [ron P ipe Size[SO In te rn atio na l O rg an izatio n fo r Stan da rd izationJIS Japanese Industria l S tandardLR Long RadiusM I M alleab le [ronOD Outside D iam eterOS & Y O utsid e Sc re w a nd Y ok ePE P lain End (no t beveled)PR PairPS[A P ounds P er Square Inch A bsolu tePS[G Pounds P er Square Inch GageRED ReducerRF Raised FaceC ON C. C onc en tric RT J R ing T ype Jo in t (som etim es just designed RJ)CP LG . Coupling SC H ScheduleCS Carbon Steel, C ast S teel or Cold Spring SCRD Screwed.,p OF D rain Funnel SMLS Seam lessD [A . Diameter SO Slip-OnD !N D e ut sc he N o rm e n (Ge rm a ny S ta nd ar d) SPEC SpecificationECC Eccentric SR Shor t R adi usELEV, Elevation. SS S t a in l es s S t ee lFF F la t F ac ed o r F ull F ac ed SID StandardSTL Steel14 15

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ST M Steam EF W E le ct ri c F u si on We ld edSW Socke t we ld ER W E le ct ri c R e si st an ce We ld edSW G Swage FIG F ig ur e o r F ig ur e N um be rTE T hr ea de d E nd FS F or ge d S te elTEMP Temperature FS S Fo rg ed S ta in le ss S te elTOC T op o f C on cr et e 1 FT F ee t o r F oo tTOS T op o f S te el GALV GalvanizedTYP Typical I GR GradeVERT Vertical H2 HydrogenWE Weld E nd HDR HeaderWN .. W e ld N ec k LC Lo ck C lo se dWT . Weight LO L oc k O pe nXS Ex tr a S t rong LW L ap w eldXXS D ou ble E xt ra S tr on g M&F M ale a nd F em aleGROUP'2 MFG ManufactureAlSI Am er ic an Ir on a nd S te el I ns tit ut e M IN MinimumAPI Ame ri ca n P e tr ol eum I ns ti tu te MW M it er W e ldAWS Ame ri ca n We ld in g S oc ie ty N I NickelAWWA Amer ic an Wa te r Wo rk s A ss oc ia tio n NC No rma ll y C lo se dMSS Manu fa ct ur er s S ta nd ar di za ti on S oc ie ty NO N orma lly O pe n[ Chan ne l ( a s tr uc tu ra l 4 " [ shape) P& I P i pi ng and In st rument a ti onASSY. Assembly REINF. ReinforceAVG Average l , S.O. S te am O utO&B B ell a nd B ell SQ SquareBLDG Building SW P S ta nd ar d Wo rk in g P re ss ur eB& S B ell a nd S pig ot ~ S.C. Sampl e Connec ti onCA S C as t A llo y S te el T.C. Test Connec ti onCO 2 Ca rb on D io xi de T&C T ou gh a nd C ou ple dCOND Condensate T&G T ou gh a nd G ro ov eCORR. Corrosion WB Weld ed B oDWG Drawing -, .~

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. . .

o . Valves and ExpansionsFunction S o f v al ve :- Starting a nd s to pp in g f lo w- R egu la ti ng f low v ol um e ( fr eq ue nt ly c al le d t hr ot tl in g)- P re ve nt in g r ev er se f lo w- C h an gi ng f low d ir ec ti on- L im it in g f lu id p re ss ur e

B all V alv eBall valves are suitable for m ost m anual on-off service(starting and stopping flow ). T hey ar e not suitable forth ro ttlin g b ec au se in th e p artia lly o pe n p ositio n. se alin gsurfaces of the ball are exposed 10 a brasio n b y p ro ce ssfluids.

Gate ValvesGate valves are mostly used as stop valves. that is, tofu lly sh ut o ff o r p ro vid e fu ll o pe n.

P lu g V alveP lug valves are suitable for the sam e applications as ballv al ve s. t ha t i s. o n- of f s er vi ce .

Globe ValveGlobe valves are used primarily in situation wheret hr ot tlin g o f t he f lo w is r eq uir ed .

Diaphragm ValveD iaphragm valves are used prim arily for low pressurewater (200 psi or less) services. They are especiallysu ita ble fo r sy ste ms c on ta in in g a pp re cia ble sa nd o r o th ersolids.

Check ValveCheck valves "check" flow. They let flow go one wayand w ill not let it reverse. T hey com e in tw o basic styles:sw ing check val v e and Ii A . c he ck v al v e

Pressure Relief ValvesT he se v alv es a re m ou nte d o n e qu ip me nt th at c on ta in s flu idp re ss ur e ( e.g . b oile rs . p re ss ur e v es se ls . a nd a ir r ec eiv ers ).T he y a uto ma tic ally o pe n to re lie ve o ve rp re ssu re by th ed isc ha rg e o f flu id , th ere by p re ven tin g v io le nt e qu ip me ntfailure, subsequent dam age to adjacent equipm ent, andp os sib le in ju ry a nd lo ss o f lif e.

Butterfly ValveThe butterfly valve has a unique body style unlike theo th er v al ve s. The butterfly valve uses a circular plate orw afer operated by a w rench to control flow . A 90 tum ofthe w rench m oves the w afer from a fully open position to af ully c lo se d p os it io n. B ut te rf ly is t ig ht in s iz e.

Expansion pieces

18E xpansion pieces should be fitted in those pipe system s

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w hose pipe lengths m ay be changed due to . the change oft em pe ra tu re . T h er e a re t hr ee t yp es o f e xp an sio ns : T ie-rod expansion Fabricated Loop Bellow Tie-rod expansion:

A tie-rod expansion is shown next page. The nowdirection should be carefully set up . A s an exam ple, then ow d ire ctio n o f t he tic -r od e xp an sio n in n ex t p ag e is f ro mdown to up .

~ gh~j

~~ ~H~t

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7. Material Material dtiN orm ally, seam less m ild steel pip es arc used fo r ste am ,hig h pressure a ir, feed disc harg es and fue l oil system s,C arb on st ee l is u se d fo r s alt w ate r a nd fre sh w ate r sy ste m.S ea mle ss c op pe r m ay b e u se d fo r lu bric atio ns, fre sh w ate ra nd s al t wa te r s ys tem s.

a ena s use o r m a ri ne p 'ip esI Materia l I Us c I Example IC ar bo n S te el L ow p r es s ur e S e a wa te r,API-5LOR B Sys tem F r es h wa te rCopper -DO Po ta b le wa te r,A ST M B88 Sa ni ta ry wa te rAcrylonitrileButadiene -DO -DOS r yr en e (ABS ) P l as ti c,A ST M - 0 15 12F ib re Re info rced -DO -00-PlasticASTM-C581C o pp er N i ck el 90/1 0 Corros ionAST M - B466 -00- resistance

(S ea wa te r)L ow a ll oy s te el H i gh p r es s ur e MudA P I- 5L X OR C systemL ow a ll oy s te el H i gh p r es s ur e CementAP I-A519 O R 4130 Sys temS t ai nl es s s te e l Low/high T a nk g au ge ,A ST M - AJ I2 pressure Hydraul icTPJ04.J16 system

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8. ProceduresManufacturing of piping system consists of thefo ll owing s tep s:CalculationC alc ula tio n is th e sta rtin g p oin t fo r m an ufa ctu rin g p ip in gsy ste m, lt in clu de s m ain ly flo w h yd ra ulic c alc ula tio n an dgeometric calcu la tion.FabricationThe term "FABRICATION" is meant to encompass allthose operations necessary to produce a finished pipeproductNon Destructive TestingIn order to ascertain that the piping system satisfiesrequired specification and has certain quality level, thefabricated parts of the piping system is subjected to non-dest ru c ti ve t es ti ng .CleaningAfter finishing bending and welding, pipes and pipef it ti ng s s ho ul d b e c le an ed i f r eq ui re d.InstallationInstallation is the process of fixing up all the pipes andfittings at the right place according to the anrangem entdrawings.

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9. WeldingW elding is the process by w hich tw o pieces of m etal arefused together along a line or a surface betw een them ora t a c erta in p oin t.Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMA W)Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMA W) is a weldingprocess that uses a flux covered m etal electrode to carryan electric current, Figure. The current forms an arcacross the gap between the end of the electrode and thew ork. M olten m etal from the electrode travels across thearc to the m olten pool on the base m etal, w here they m ixtogether. The end of the electrode and molten pool ofmetal are surrounded,. purified, and protected, by agaseous cloud and a covering of slag produced as theflux coating of the electrode burns or vaporizes. A s thearc m oves aw ay, the m ixture of the m olten electrode andb ase m eta l so lid ifie s a nd b ec om es o ne p ie ce .Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW)Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW). also calledT ungsten Inert G as or T IG , uses an electric arc betw eena tungsten electrode (non consumable) and the work.Shielding is obtained from an inert gas or inert gasm ixture. F iller metal may be added as needed. Thew elding torch and tip of the tungsten electrode, the are,the gas shielded envelope, the w eld pool and solidified

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InsulationI ns ula tio n is n ec es sa ry t o t ho se p ip in g s ys tems whic h n ee dto k ee p th e h ea t o f th e tra nsfe rrin g m ed ia .TestingAfter all the pipes, fittings and valves are installedon b oard, hydrostatic pressure testing or oil testing isu su ally n ec essa ry to d ete ct a ny le ak ag e in th e p ip e lin e.PaintingPaint marking of different colours should be used fordistinguishing different piping systems. For ease ofid en tif ic at io n, t he p ip es a re t o b e c olo ur ed a s f ollo ws :Steam SilverCondensateH ea vy f ue l o ilD ie se l o ilLub ri ca t ing o ilF e ed wa te rCooling sea water -B a ll as t s ea wa te rF re sh wa te rC omp re ss ed a irBilge'C 0 2 f i re f ight ingRefrigerationFi re f ight ingD ec k w as hHyd rau li c l in eA ir a nd s ou nd in g

OrangeD ar k b rownL ig ht b rownCanary ye ll owOrangeGreenGl as s g reenOx fo rd b lu eS almon p in kBlackRe dWhiteF u ll r edFu ll r edBrownBrown

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w eld m etal, and a filler wire or rod being fed into the arcand w eld pool are show n in F igure.G as tungsten arc w elding of a pipe is used w hen w eldedjo in t m ust h av e a h ig h d eg re e o f in te grity .Flux-Cored Arc Welding (FCA W)Flux-cored arc w elding is sim i lar to shielded m etal arcw elding in that it is self-shielding. H ow ever, the gas andgas-generating flux is contained in the core of a roll-formed and/or drawn tubular wire, rather than on theoutside of a core w ire as a coating.Post Weld heat treatmentF or som e im portant parts, heat treatm ent is necessary forre mo vin g th e stre ss c au se d b y w eld ing .

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to. Gas Cutting II.CleaningP ipes are m ostly cu t to sh ape a nd size by g as cutting.Gas cu tting is achieved by what : is basically achem ica l/the rm al rea ction o ccurring w ith iron and iro nallo ys (typ ical steels). [ron o r its allo ys m ay b e he ated toa tem pera ture at w hich th e iron w ill ra pidly oxid ize in a natm osphere of high purity oxygen . T here are tw o basicty pe s o f Oxy-Fuel g as C ut tin g (OFC ) e qu ipm en t:

A ft er t he f ab ric at io n a nd in st alla tio n, t he p ip in g is r eq uir edto b e c le an ed . T he p ro ce du re o f c le an in g 'd ep en ds u po n th esy ste m fo r w hic h th e p ip in g is u se d.V ariu os m eth od s o f c le an in g a re a s f ollo ws:

ManualA se tu p m an ua l O FC re qu ir es th e fo llo win g:

One .1' m ore c utt in g to rc he s s uita ble f or th e p re he atfuel gas to be used and the range of materialth ic kn ess to b e c ut .Required torch cutting tips to cu t a range ofma t er ia l t h icknes sO xyg en and fue l ga ses, e.g. a cetylene, to be usedO xy ge n a nd fu el g as p re ss ure r eg ula to rsSou rces of ox ygen and fue l ga ses to be u sedFlam e strikers, eye protection, flam e and heatr es is ta nc e g lo ve s a nd c lo th in g, a nd s af et y d ev ic es .

(i)(ii)(iii)(iv)(v)(vi)(vii)

Mecha ni ca l C le a ni ngDegreasingDescaling (Pickling)P a ss iv a ti on a nd N eut ra li sa ti onO i l F l ush ingInspectionB low O ff

MachineA pa rt from m anu al gas cu ttin g, p resen tly a utom atic g ascutting m achines are w id ely u sed . T here a re a utom aticm achines availab le for cu tting pipe, pipe hole , squaret ub es e tc .

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n, Installation Procedures of InstallationMethods of InstallationTh er e a re t hr ee m e th o ds o f i ns ta ll at io n:

C le an in g t he p ip es a nd fittin gsIn st a ll ing suppo rtC on ne ct in g p ip esTestingFlushingInsulationPainting

Unit pre-installatlonUn it is a s elf -c on ta in ed , s el f- su pp or tin g c olle ct io n o f o ut fi tp ie ce s a ss em b le d p ri or t o c om bin in g w it h s tr uc tu ra l b lo ck so r t o la nd o n b oa rd d ur in g e re ct io n.M achinery u nit - m ach inery co mbined w ith a ll a djac entc om po ne nts, in clu din g fo un da tio n, p ip e p ie ce s, v alv es ,s uppo rt s, wa l kways, l adde rs , e t c.P ipe un it - n o m achinery , just p ipe piece s com bin ed w ithva lv es, s uppo rt s, wa l k-ways, e t c .Block pre-installationBlock is a section of a ship structure which is a threedim ensional en tity. B lo cks are com bine d to fo rm a shipd urin g e re ctio n, a nd a re n orm ally th e la rg est se ct io ns to b ea ss emb le d away f rom t he e re ct io n s it e. B lo ck p re - in st al la ti onis th e assem bly of pip es a nd fittings, o r p ipe un it on to th eh ull b lo ck a t w o rk s it e.

On board installationT his m eth od is to fix up pip es and fittin gs on boa rd durin gh ull ere ction ~ or after laun chin g. N atura lly, it is low ere ff ic ie nt t ha n t he a b ov e two p re -o u tf it ti ng m e th o ds .

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Handbook for Marine_Offshore Piping

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