HAND TOOLS

*Safety-questions to ask yourself1) Is it a safe environment ? (using a hammer and chisel with gas fumes and rags around2) Proper ppd3) clean work area (could slip and fall)

4) right tool for the right job (screwdriver as a chisel)5) tool in good condition ( chisel is sharp and hammer head is on tight

*General safety

-Hammers–A) never strike a hard object directly with a hammer always use wood or another soft metal. B) Safety glasses. C)don’t swing it towards you.

--Screwdrivers–a) not a prybar or chisel. b) proper size for the proper screw

– Punches and Chisels–a) must be sharp as dull ones will slip. b)wear glasses. c)chisel away from you, d)careful of spark hazzards

–files– a)use a handle, b) never hammer as a chisel, c) even strokes, d) not a prybar

–hacksaw– a) keep a minimum of 2 teeth on the part at all times, b) no excessive pressure, c) cutting speed is 40 to 50 strokes per minute, d) use 2 hands

–wrenches– a) do not add extra leverage, b) always pull never push, c) never hammer a wrench, d) use metric on metric and imperial on imperial, e) adjustable as last resort

–Metal snips–a) wear gloves, b) fingers clear of cutting line, c) never cut with snips facing towards you

Measuring Tools

steel ruler- a) most common measuring tool, b) metric are usually 15 to 30 cm and imperial are 6 to 12 inches

Short line tapes- has a curved cross-section and are rigid when extended. Long line tapes– are flat but cover longer distances

Carpenters square used to check the accuracy of angles and can be marked like a ruler on one end. Also a combination square can have 1) a ruler , 2) centre head 3) level protractor, 4) square head

Levels are used to show if an item is level or plumb. When an item is level the bubble stays in between the 2 lines on the vial

dividers – can be used when repetitive measurements are being made

centre punches – mark where a drill is going to used and stops the drill from walking or slipping when starting a hole

Clamping Tools Pliers

1) tongue groove–are adjustable over a wide range

2) Slip joint– generally have 2 positions,

3) side cut or linesman pliers–have a cutting blade on one side of the jaws,

Duck Bill pliers and Lockwire pliers are specific to aviation tooling

Side cutters are used in conjunction with Duckbills to perform lockwireing .

4) needle nose pliers– have small jaws used for finer applications,

5) locking pliers– also known as vise grips are adjustable with locking jaws for high powered gripping power

6) welding pliers– (mig pliers)

1) C-clamps–hold material in a wider variety of applications (very strong)

Clamps

2) bar or pipe clamps– has one end that slides to the desired potion and the other end is similar to a c-clamp,

3) spring clamp– similar to a big cloths pin,

4) bench vise– They are usually on a bench or drill press and can used to grip small to medium size items when performing a function with a hand tool. They usually swivel at the base and have serrations on the jaws

-The different blades for the different jobs are 1) all hard blades for brass, steel , cast iron: 2) flexible blade is best for cutting hollow tubes or metals of light cross- section (aluminum)

Hacksaw

teeth per inch (tpi) are 14 tpi = steel, 18 tpt = aluminum, 24 tpi = tubing , 32 tpi = thin walled tubing ( ie... conduit)

-The teeth should always be pointing in the (push) direction of then cutting stroke. Also always make sure your work in marked well by a scribe or pencil.

Carry out activity

component ID

-Parts of a file: tang (goes in the handle), heel , face (belly) , edge & the point

Files

- types of cuts available are : single , double , rasp , curved

- types of shapes are : flat, half round , round , square , 3/4 square (triangel) & a knife file

-they are made from steel that is hardened & tempered ( approx 3/4 of an inch). The end that the hammer hits is left tough because if it was hardened it would be brittle and break off when struck

-types of chisels: *Flat or Cold chisel( can cut the heads off bolts, split rusted nuts or remove splatter from welds),* Cape chisel (used to chip narrow grooves where it is hard to reach with a grinder),

*Diamond chisel (are used to square up corners of a keyway), *Round nose chisel( useful in chipping root passes of groove welds)

-punches are used with hammers to drive a pin or dowel in or out of place.-Larger punches can be used to allign holes or lossen difficult to remove objects

Saftey and maintenance:1) ensure hammer side is not mushroomed and the cutting edge is sharp, 2) use PPD, 3) set chisel at desired angle on work piece, 4)use locking pliers if neccessary to avoid hand injuries

Metal Snips-Tinners snips have smooth blades and can be straight cut, left cut or right cut-serrated blade snips have serrated blades and are generally used to cut thinner metal. They also come in the straight cut as well as left and right cut.

-diagonal cutters are for cutting wire and bolt cutters as the name suggests cuts bolts. They use leverage and a compound cutting action to cut large objectscutting shears are to cut sheet metal and steel up to 1/4 " thick.

- the main parts of a hammer are the peen , post , the face , the eye and the handle

peen

face

handle

eye

post

- peening hammers come in different weights (ie.... 55g or 1400g) these hammers are used in rivetting work as well as some metal shaping.

-Sledge hammers are used more for heavy work and range in size from 18 g to 10,000g (4lbs to 20 lbs).

-chipping hammers are used for moving slag and splatter from welds. The styles are straight blade and point , cross blade and point, and straight and cross blade.

Always wear hand and eye protection when using a hammer. Also make sure it is in good condition ( ie... head is on tight and handle is not cracked)

-screwdrivers come in many different tip configurations as well as handle styles.

-Screwdrivers for special applications are also available (ie..... stubbies and angle drivers)

-Safety: never work with a screwdriver facing you as it may slip, also never use it as a chisel or pry-bar

-Wrenches come in both metric and standard sizes.-box end wrenchs come in a 6 or 12 point style while open end wrenches fit both hexigon and square fasteners- A combination wrench as the name implies will have one open end & one box end ( vary common)

-socket wrenches come in 6 & 12 point stylesas well as different size drives for small to large applications. ( most common drives are 1/4, 3/8 , & 3/4). Works with socket sets. Ratcheting action allows for quicker removal or installation.

Righty ---tightyLefty --- loosy

-adjustable wrenchs have moveable jaws to fit a variety of sizes. these are not intended to be the wrench of choice & should only be used when the proper wrench is not available. When used propewrly the movable jaw should be facing the direction of rotation

-Allen wrenches are designed to fit a allen socket type set screw. They also come in metric and standard-pipe and chain wrenches are for larger applications. Both types are adjustable

Wire brushes help clean a weld joint before and after welding.

THE END

2ND COMPONENT ID