Hamstring Strain

Adrienne Brandon

Causes

• Muscle overload– Challenged with a sudden load– Stretched beyond it’s limit

• Muscle gets stretched too far

Common Athletes

• Running sports– Football, basketball, soccer

• Runners or sprinters• Dancers• Athletes who are still growing

Signs and Symptoms

Signs Symptoms

Swelling Tenderness

Bruising/discoloration on the back above the knee

Pain in thigh when flexed or extended

Inability to put weight on leg Weakness in hamstring

Management

• PRICE• Immobilization– Neutral position– Knee splint

• Surgery– For tendon avulsion injuries

• Physical Therapy• Average healing time: 6-10 weeks

Physical Therapy

• Flexibility– Stretches to improve range of motion

• Strengthening – Gradually added

Osgood-Schlatter Disorder

Alayna Dieter

Etiology

• Osgood-Schlatter is an inflammation at the top of the tibia.

• An overuse injury• Active teens often get Osgood-Schlatters,

because the growth spurts experienced by teens make their bodies vulnerable to Osgood-Schlatters.

HTTP://KIDSHEALTH.ORG/PARENT/GENERAL/ACHES/OSGOOD.HTML#

Sings/ Symptoms

• SignsSwellingTenderness below the KneecapTightness of muscles surrounding the kneeLimping after practice

– SymptomsKnee PainPain is worse during exerciseRelief from pain with rest

Management

• Limiting activity that causes pain can help in mild cases.• Shock absorbent insoles can be used to reduce stress on

the knee.• Heating before activity and icing after activity can minimize

the swelling. • Stretching of the hamstring and quadricep muscles also

help the athlete’s Osgood-Schlatters from worsening.• REST is the way to heal the problem.• Symptoms may last 2-3 years, but symptoms usually

disappear with the completion of the adolescent growth spurt.

Returning to Play

• Rest from activity will let the knee heal. • In severe cases a total break for a month or

two may be necessary. • Then the athlete may ease back into activity

once pain is gone, with physical therapy to learn exercises that can help strengthen the leg to prevent future injuries.

HTTP://WWW.LASP.COM.AU/LIVEPERFORMBEWELL-BLOG/KNEEPAININKIDSITCOULDBEOSGOOD-SCHLATTERDISEAS

Iliotibial Band Friction Syndrome

Alex Wagner

• Overuse• Tight tissues• Bad running form• Orthotic issues• Weak hip muscles• Runners and bikers

Etiology

• Signs– Inflammation of knee

• Symptoms– Pain from hip down to

knee– Pins and needles

sensation or stinging– Heel pain– Pain walking up or down

stairs– Snapping/popping sound

around knee

Signs & Symptoms

• P.R.I.C.E• Physical therapy• Stretching • Foam rollers• Proper footwear

• Minor injury to IT band: 1-3 weeks

• Major injury: several months

• Return to play based on you– Rest and ice frequently

& change up running patterns once you return

Management

Quad strain

Brittany anderson period 7

Etiology

• A QUADRICEPS STRAIN IS A TEAR IN ONE OF THE QUADRICEPS MUSCLES IN THE ANTERIOR (FRONT) OF THE THIGH

• OFTEN OCCURS TO ATHLETES DURING ACTIVITY• CAN BE FROM RUNNING, JUMPING, OR

KICKING• RANGES FROM MILD DISCOMFORT TO FULL-

BLOWN TEAR OF MOST THE MUSCLE

Quad strain

SIGNS & SYMPTOMS

• SUDDEN SHARP PAIN AT FRONT OF THE THIGH• SWELLING/BRUISING • PAIN WHEN FLEXING OR STRETCHING THE

THIGH• MUSCLE SPASMS• CRACKLING SENSATION WHEN YOU PUSH ON

IT WITH YOUR FINGER

Signs & Symptoms Cont.

• CLASSIFIED AS• GRADE 1 THIGH STRAIN - NOT SERIOUS ENOUGH TO STOP ACTIVITY

BUT YOUR THIGH MAY FEEL TIGHT AND FEEL MILD DISCOMFORT WHEN WALKING/RUNNING. UNLIKELY TO HAVE SWELLING.

• GRADE 2 THIGH STRAIN- ATHLETE MAY FEEL SUDDEN SHARP PAIN WHEN WALKING/RUNNING, JUMPING, KICKING, ETC. AND MAY BE UNABLE TO CONTINUE ACTIVITY. THERE WILL BE SWELLING/BRUISING AND PAIN COULD MAKE WALKING DIFFICULT. TRYING TO EXTEND THE KNEE WILL BE PAINFUL.

• GRADE 3 THIGH STRAIN- SEVERE SUDDEN PAIN IN FRONT OF THE THIGH. UNABLE TO WALK WITHOUT CRUTCHES. BAD SWELLING & SIGNIFICANT BRUISING.

management

• INITIAL TREATMENT: ICE/ COLD THERAPY TO PREVENT SWELLING

• GRADE 1 TREATMENT- R.I.C.E., COLD THERAPY 15 MINUTES EVERY HOUR, REST FOR 3 DAYS, MASSAGES

• GRADE 2 TREATMENT- R.I.C., & WEAR A COMPRESSION BANDAGE DURING E. ALTERNATE HOT AND COLD DURING YOUR 15 MINUTES EVERY HOUR SESSIONS (~2 MINS. OF HOT), SPORTS MASSAGE

• GRADE 3 TREATMENT- STOP ACTIVITY. SLEEP WITH YOUR LEG ELEVATED. APPLY COLD COMPRESSION. SEE A DOCTOR.

• ~ 6-12 WEEKS RECOVERY TIME OF GRADE 3 STRAIN

Patellar Subluxation and Dislocation

By: Cassie Anderson

Subluxation of the Patella

• Temporary sliding of the kneecap out of the groove in which it rests

• Caused by direct blow to area but usually it is caused by a too shallow groove or poor alignment of the bones

• It can also be caused by improper gait when running

• Usually seen in contact sports – Football, soccer, basketball

Signs and Symptoms of Subluxation

Signs Symptoms

Swelling Pain around kneecap

Knee cap out of place Knee gives way when walking

Inability to straighten knee

Management of Subluxation

• PRICE• Strengthen hip abductors and hip flexors • Wearing supportive shoes• Knee Brace• Recovery time: varies with severity of subluxation • Sometimes, these treatments aren’t successful.

Surgery may be needed to put the kneecap back in place

Dislocation of the Patella

• This is when the kneecap leaves the groove in which it rests completely

• Most dislocations happen laterally and to young people • The foot is usually planted and a rapid, twisting motion

occurs• Direct blows to the knee can also cause dislocations• Preexisting laxity in the ligaments around the kneecap

can also lead to dislocation • Usually seen in contact sports

– Football, soccer etc.

Signs and Symptoms of Dislocation

Signs Symptoms

Rapid swelling Pain along medial side

Discoloration around knee cap Popping noise

Non weight bearing Tells ATC that he/she can not walk or bear weight

Knee cap is clearly not in proper place Tells ATC that he/she is unable to straighten knee

Management of DislocationNon-Operative Operative

*immobilizing the knee for 7-10 days will reduce swelling and pain*Recovery time: 3-6 weeks*Strengthen hip flexors and abductors *Some physical therapy may be required

*requires a surgeon to place knee cap back in groove and cleaning up of the ligaments and tendons around the knee cap*Recovery time: 10-12 weeks after surgery *Intense physical therapy*Reduced muscles such as quad due to lack of use

Pictures

Pictures

Pictures

By: Jeremy Mitchell MCL S

prain

(BEST PRESINTATIO

N EVER)

How?• You can hurt your MCL

during activities that involve bending, twisting, or a quick change of direction. For example, the MCL can be injured in football or soccer

when the outside of the knee is hit. This type of injury can also occur during skiing and in other sports with lots of stop-and-go movements, jumping, or weaving.

Signs/Symptons

• ~Sprained MCL Symptoms:• ~The severity of any symptoms will increase with

the extent of the injury. Grade I sprains will produce milder symptoms than a Grade III sprain.

• ~Pain at the inside of the knee• ~Swelling• ~Instability of the knee joint • ~Perhaps a popping sound heard at the moment

of injury

MCL Mangement• ~During the acute phase of the injury it is important to reduce any swelling and

alleviate pain. This is achieved by:• ~APPLYING ICE(CRUSHED ICE:in a bag and covered with a towel, to the affected

area. The ice pack should be kept in place for 15 minutes at a time, several times a day.

• ~RESTING THE KNEE JOINT:Refrain from any activity that places stress on the joint, and perhaps use crutches to avoid placing weight on the leg.

• ~Bracing. A knee brace may be recommended to prevent any further sideways motion of the joint in order to allow healing to begin.

• ~Elevating the knee above the level of the heart, whenever possible.• Taking pain medication such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) or NSAIDs (non-steroidal

anti-inflammatory drugs) such as ibuprofen (Advil), naproxen (Aleve) or aspirin.

ACL Sprain

• By: Josh Walter

Causes

• Getting hit hard in the side of the leg• Quickly stop moving and changing direction

while running, jumping, or turning• Overextending the knee joint• Common in football, soccer, and basketball

players• Also common in skiers

Signs and Symptoms

• Extreme swelling hours after it happens• Loss of full range of motion of knee• Pain while walking

Grade of Sprain

• Grade 1- minor trauma, some ligament fibers are stretched, but none are torn

• Grade 2- partial tear, some ligament fibers are torn

• Grade 3- complete tear, tears all of the ligament’s fibers.

• Can take up to 9 months to recover

Treatment

• Rest• Ice• Compression• Elevation• Grade 1 and 2 sprains can be treated without

surgery• Grade 3 sprains need surgery to repair the ACL

Unhappy Triad

By: Mackenzie Knopf

What is it?

• Tear in the– MCL– ACL– Medial Meniscus

Causes

• foot is planted and bearing weight and knee is forced in the other direction

• ACL -> Meniscus -> MCL

Common Athletes

• Most Athletes• Contact/extreme sports– Football – Soccer– Basketball

Signs

• Sever swelling of the knee• Bruising on or around the knee

Symptoms

• A popping sound at the time of injury• Mild to severe pain• Knee feels unstable or that it may give out• Stiffness in the knee• The knee feels like it is catching or locking• Unable to move the knee

Treatment

• Surgery – Medial Meniscus– ACL

• Rehabilitation *Recovery plans vary from person to person*

Recovery Time and Process

• About 7 months– Day 1: ice and elevation to reduce swelling, possible knee

brace, crutches for minimal movement– Weeks 1-2: therapy to fully strengthen the knee and regain

movement, crutches still needed– Weeks 3-6: build up muscle around the knee, some cases

patients can begin light activity on their own– Weeks 7-12: more physical activity (light jogging) NO

CONTACT– Months 4-7: knee starts to feel more stable, patients can

have more physical activity with the supervision of a doctor

Michelle Munoz

Chondromalacia Patella

• Injury to the cartilage under the kneecap that is responsible for absorbing shock

• Caused by:– Overuse

• Repetitive stress on knee joint

– Injury to cartilage• Trauma to kneecap

– Poor muscle control• Muscle around hips and knee don’t function properly together

• Runners usually will experience Chondromalacia Patella– Female runners are more likely to develop it

Etiology

• Dull, aching pain on the anterior side of the knee

• Pain–Walking up or down stairs– Kneel or squat – Sit with bent knee for long periods of

time

• Noise when knee moves • Effusion of the knee joint (Swelling)

Signs/Symptoms

• Medication– Pain relievers – OTC

• PRICE • Therapy

– Supportive braces – Proper taping

• Sometimes – Surgical procedures may be done– Arthoscopy– Realignment

• 3-6 months to recover with therapy

Management

LCL Sprain

By Paula Razon

Etiology

• Lateral Collateral Ligament– Femur to fibula

• Ligament is stretched, partially or completely torn– Too much varus stress (pushed

from medial to lateral)

• All athletes are at risk, especially those in high impact/demand sports

Signs & Symptoms

• Unstable knee or giving out• Pain or swelling around

knee– Specifically on the

outside of knee• Difficulty walking or unable

to put weight on the knee• Locking or catching of the

knee

https://mywiserhealth.com/motion/knee-ligament-injury/learn/

Management

• Tested for tenderness around the knee and check ROM

• Treat with PRICE, proper bracing, crutches, physical therapy and surgery is usually not necessary

• Recovery Time• 1st degree: no longer

than 1-2 weeks• 2nd degree: 4-6 weeks• 3rd degree: 3-6 months

Patellar Tendonitis“Jumpers Knee”

Sam Wilson

Causes

• Often happens from constant jumping, hence the term “jumper’s knee”

• Repeated stress on your patellar tendon.• Basketball players, volleyball players, football

players.

Sign/Symptoms

• Pain between your kneecap and your tibia• The pain will usually only be present when

doing a physical activity.• It can eventually start interfering with daily

tasks if not treated.• Swelling or redness around the knee.

Management

• Treatments:– Stretching– Exercising the surrounding muscles– Patellar Tendon Strap: A strap that you apply to

your knee that relieves pressure from the directed spot.

– Electrotherapy – If common treatments are not working, there could

be a rare occasion of needing a surgery to repair it.

Management (cont.)

• Recovery Time- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o063lVTRBV0

Osteochondritis Dissecans

Stephanie HaakerPer. 7

Etiology

• Direct or indirect trauma• Multiple events of minor injuries, often

unrecognized.• Common athletes that might get this: Sports

like Gymnastics, soccer, basketball, lacrosse, football, tennis, baseball and weight lifting.

Signs/Symptoms

Swelling

• Pain• Joint lock

Management

• A lot of rest and immobilization. • Brace or cast may be needed or even crutches.• Without surgery usually you will be able to get back in

the sport within the first 2-4 months and for it to properly heal it could take up to a year.

• Surgery such as Drilling, Pinning, and Screws may be needed.

• After surgery 2-4 months of physical therapy • With surgery recovery is usually about 5 to 6 months.

PCL Sprain

(Posterior Cruciate Ligament)

Cause

• Direct blow to the front of the knee

• Pulling or stretching the ligament • Simple misstep

Common cause is a bent knee hitting the dashboard in a car accident or a football player falling on a bent knee http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap2000000263299/article/green-bay-packers-randall-cobb-could-miss-six-weeks

Sign/Symptom

• Pain with swelling that occur steadily and quickly after the injury

• Swelling that make the knee stiff and may cause a limp

• Difficulty walking • The knee feels unstable

Treatment

• PRICE• Immobilization • Physical Therapy• Surgery (if the ligament is completely tear )

Recovery

• Rehabilitation (if you had surgery rehab begin 1 to 4 week after procedure)

• Recovery time is depended how bad you injured the PCL

• Full recovery typically take 6 to 12 month

Bursitisinflammation or irritation of the bursa

Image of the knee

● Bura is a fluid filled sac that cushions between bones, skin, and tendons

• frequent and constant pressure to the knee

• a direct hit to the knee

• bacteria infection in the bursa

Causes

• Wrestling

• Football

• Soccer

• Track

• Cross Country

• Swimming

Common Sports with injury

• warm to the touch

• squishy

• tender when moving

Signs• swollen

• painful with pressure

Symptoms

Treatments

● P.R.I.C.E.● Antibiotic medication● Physical therapy● Pain medication

★ If the treatments work then it should recover in 7 to 14 days.

Meniscus Tear

Venita Parsons

Etiology

• Causes: – Most of the time happen while playing sports.

Players may squat or twist the knee, causing a tear. Direct contact, like a tackle, is sometimes the cause.

• Athletes with this problem: – Basketball players – defensive movement, twisting,

changing directions.– Football players- because of the impact of tackling.

Signs/Symptoms

• Symptoms– Pain– Stiffness and swelling– Catching or locking of your knee– The sensation of your knee "giving way"– You are not able to move your knee through its full range of

motion.• Signs– feel a "pop" when you tear a meniscus. Most people can still

walk on their injured knee. Many athletes keep playing with a tear. Over 2 to 3 days, your knee will gradually become more stiff and swollen.

Management

• Most of the time can be repaired with surgery.• The athlete will have to rest and ice and keep

weight off of knee.• After surgery it will take about 2 weeks for the

athlete to start physical therapy. • The treatments will be based on strengthening the

knee and working on balance and coordination.• Complete recovery time is usually about 4 months.

Pictures