A Neural Model of Delusions and Hallucinations in Schizophrenia
Hallucinogens A substance that produces hallucinations or delusions
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Transcript of Hallucinogens A substance that produces hallucinations or delusions
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HallucinogensA substance that produces hallucinations or delusions
By: Erika Genoch, Sara Wiederholt, and Jenny Brudwick
Period: 6
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PHENCYCLIDINE (PCP)
What is PCP?•Developed in 1950’s as an intravenous anesthetic but was discontinued•Made from 11 different chemicals•White crystalline powder •Ranges from a light to darker brown with a powdery to a gummy mass consistency("PCP," 2000).•Dissolves in water and alcohol•Bitter chemical taste
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How is PCP used? Over 7 million users in the U.S. Sold under 70-80 different names Tablets, capsules, liquids, and colored powders Can take orally, snorted, smoked, and injected ("PCP,"
2014). Common dose is 5-10mg("Phencyclidine (PCP)," n.d.).
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Effects of PCP
Hallucinations and paranoia Difficulty with speech and memory Depth perception is distorted Chronic use can result in violence Suicidal and homicidal behavior("So Much
for Cocaine," 2014). Can result in a seizure, coma, or death
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Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) Indigenous tribes in South American have
used it for rituals and ceremonies Body produces small amounts in times of
extreme stress Nicknames- Fantasia & Businessman's
trip Non-addictive Can create tolerance to it Effects can be unpredictable Most illegal drug
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Dimethyltryptamine
Gives the user a “trip” Taken commonly from blades of grass
Human brains rarely and animal brains which is uncommon
Generally made into small crystals for smoking
Taken by- injection, sniffing, & smoked No other side effects
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Dimethyltryptamine
Most horrifying experience Can cause flashbacks Trip lasts 10 minutes to an hour Many users see almost the same
things Mechanical dwarves Reptilian green creatures Giant bug-like monsters
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LSD (Lysergic Acid Diethylamide)
Clear or white, odorless water-soluble material with a slightly bitter taste
Synthetic substanceTablets known as microdots and thin squares
known as window panesMost potent of all hallucinogens
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Lysergic Acid
Diethylamide Initially produced in crystalline form Sold on streets as tablets, capsules, or liquid A tolerance is quickly developed but short
livedAn average dose, 100-300 micrograms
produces an experiential state Effects thought to be prominent in two
regions of the brain: cerebral cortex and locus coeruleus
No evidence of withdrawal
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Lysergic Acid Diethylamide
Gives a person a high or a “trip”Lasts about twelve hours and is felt within 30 to
90 minutes after takenPhysiological effects: raised blood pressure and
heart rate, dizziness, loss of appetite, dry mouth, sweating and tremors
Emotions: rapidly switch from fear to euphoriaSense may cross- Synesthesia: feeling of
hearing colors and seeing soundsDistortions of time is common
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• Hallucinogens. (2006, February 9). Retrieved March 4, 2014, from Psychology Today website: http://www.psychologytoday.com/conditions/hallucinogens
• Kasschau, R. A. (n.d.). Understanding psychology. Glencoe. • PCP. (2000). Retrieved March 3, 2014, from http://www.drugs.com/pcp.html• PCP. (2014). Retrieved March 3, 2014, from http://www.drugfree.org/drug-
guide/ pcp
• Phencyclidine (PCP). (n.d.). Retrieved March 3, 2014, from http://www.nhtsa.gov/ people/injury/research/job185drugs/phencyclidine.htm
• So much for cocaine and lsd—angel dust is america's most dangerous new drug. (2014, March 3). Retrieved March 3, 2014, from http://www.people.com/people/
archive/article/0,,20071627,00.html• Dimethyltryptamine. (n.d.). Retrieved February 27, 2014, from Palo Alto
Medical Foundation website: http://www.pamf.org/teen/risk/drugs/hallucinogens/dmt.html
• Dimethyltryptamine(DMT). (2011). Retrieved February 27, 2014, from Cracked website: http://www.cracked.com/funny-2450-dimethyltryptamine-dmt/
• Yaun, T., & Chan, P. (2014). Identification of a serotonin/glutamate receptor complex implicated in psychosis. Retrieved February 27, 2014, from Science Reference Center website: http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?vid=6&sid=56f3ffca-4f89-46d0-9fb5-8590a1e65400%40sessionmgr113&hid=117&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=sch&AN=31193380
Bibliography