Halicephalobus gingivalis snakes and ladders
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Transcript of Halicephalobus gingivalis snakes and ladders
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HALICEPHALOBUS
GINGIVALIS
Zoonoses Topic
Public Health
Judith, Beccy and Anna-Mae
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QUESTION 1
What type of organism is Halicephalobus
gingivalis?
Virus
Parasite
Bacteria
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QUESTION 2
What species can this organism infect?
Cats, meerkats and humans
Horses, zebras and humans
Alligators, lizards and humans
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QUESTION 3
What is Halicephalobus ginigivalis also
known as?
Equus africanus asinus
Micronema deletrix
Equus burchellii
Suricata suricata
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QUESTION 4
How long does the organism survive in the
environment?
Free living
16 days
16 weeks
16 years
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QUESTION 4
Which of these organs doesn’t it affect?
Brain
Kidneys
Liver
Adrenal glands
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QUESTION 5
Which of these is a mode of infection?
Ingestion
Transcutaneous
Inhalation
Transplacental
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GET THE FACTS!
Free living nematode
Found in soil
Poorly understood transmission
Believed through cutaneous or mucosal wounds
Only 5 human cases and about 65 equine cases
reported
First described 1954
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QUESTION 6
Which of these is not a clinical sign?
Fever
Mental change
Lethargy
Haematuria
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QUESTION 7
How is this disease diagnosed?
Haematology and biochemistry
Clinical signs
Microscopic faecal examination
PM
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GET THE FACTS!
Believed haematogenous dissemination
Strong neurotropism
Development of meningoencephalitis
Fever, mental changes, lethargy
Affects multiple organs
Kidneys
Oral and Nasal cavities
Lymph nodes
Adrenal Glands
Skin
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QUESTION 8
What is observed microscopically?
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Lymphocytes
All of the above
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QUESTION 9
What does this look like on histology?
A B
C
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GET THE FACTS!
Granulomatous inflammation of tissue
All reported cases fatal
Apart from 2 cutaneous equine cases
one had surgical removal and IVM treatment + the other
received IVM and diethylcarbamazine
Anthelmintics ineffective
Failure to cross blood brain barrier
Most cases diagnosed post mortem
In live animal clinical signs and increased CSF eosinophils
suggestive
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DDX
Toxocara canis
Angiostrongylus cantonensis
Strongyloides stercoralis
Gnathostoma spinigerum
Baylisascaris procyonis
Lagochilascaris minor
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GEOGRAPHICAL SPREAD
Worldwide spread
North America
Canada
Brazil
Colombia
Japan
Belgium
Italy
UK
Ireland
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PUBLIC HEALTH
Limited information
No ante-mortem diagnosis
No effective treatment
Low prevalence
Probably not economical currently to actively pursue
control measures
Advise surveillance
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BONUS QUESTION
What was the name of the Zebra in madagascar?
Marty
Alex
Melman
Rico