Haifa seminar: From a Grafted Vine to a Glass of Wine - September 2013 · · 2017-07-25Haifa...

Haifa seminar: "From a Grafted Vine to a Glass of Wine" - September 2013

D. Tomasi - The grape vine sustainable fertilization according to physiological plant requirement 16

2001 Nitrogen Phosphorus

Potassium Calcium Magnesium

Requirement 31,6 3,5 35,7 26,2 9,4

Portion from woody organs

14,8 0,7 2,5 3,2 1,0

% from woody organs

47 % 19 % 7 % 12 % 10 %

2002 Nitrogen Phosphorus

Potassium Calcium Magnesium

Requirement 39,7 4,1 39,1 25,2 11,9

Portion from woody organs

22,0 2,0 5,8 1,2 0,0

% from woody organs

55 % 48 % 15 % 5 % 0 %

Minerals storage in the perennial vine parts and their contribute to the vine vegetative growth (bunches, leaves, shoots), between budburst and

harvest

Around 50% of the spring N requirement become from the storage and the other needs are uptake starting blomm stage



L E

A F

F

A L

L

B U

D B

U R

S T

B L

O O

M

S T

A R

T

B L

O O

M

E N

D

B U

N C

H

C L

O S

U R

E

V E

R A

I S

O N

H A

R V

E S

T

NN

NN

P PP

N

P PP

KK KK KK KK KK

KKMgMg MgMg MgMg MgMg

MgMg

R E Q U I R E M E N T SR E Q U I R E M E N T S

S T O R A G E O R G A N SS T O R A G E O R G A N S

•

• Working between harvest and leaves fall it is possible to modulate the ammount of starch, sugar, aminoacid, proteins, etc in the perennial wood organs of the vine

PostPost--harvest suppliesharvest supplies

Plant status Post harvest supply

High vigour and fertility Supplies should be reduced

Vigour and fertility well balanced

Maintain the supplies

Vigour and fertility deficiency

Increase the supplies

The vine vigour and bud fertility can be balanced along the years

with the post harvest mineral nutrition



Controlled release fertilizers

MulticoTech/Haifa

Release curve affecting by temp.

Controlled release fertilizers



N

K

Ca

Mg

P

S

MINERAL GRAPE VINE REQUIREMENT

(descending order of % of dry weight for normal growth and reproduction)

++

-- --

Concentration in dry matterElements mmol/g

Hydrogen 60

Carbon 40

Oxygen 30

Nitrogen 1,0



Nitrogen plays a major role in the growth and development of all parts of the grapevine:

for this reason the application of N to vines needs to be done carefully as it increase and promote shoot growth and delay grape maturity and quality.

Establishing time and quantity of nitrogen application, keep in mind the differece between VIGOUR and CAPACITY

SHOOT VIGOUR:the rate of shoot growth (change in shoot lenght per unit time)



Vigour:

rapid shoot growth, prolonged in post-veraison (long and thick shoots, long internodes, large leaves, many lateral

shoots, etc)

Capacity: total annual growth and crop of the vine



Capacity: it include the production of fruit, leaves, shotts, roots.

Attention: at a low vigour level could corrispond an high capacity and vice versa

N I T R O G E N

• High demand between budburst and bloom, but the highest uptake from the soil occur after the bloom stage till veraison

• The bloom stage is the most susceptible to nitrogen deficience

• Roots do not absorb N in the first part of the growing season (at bleeding stage the N present in the sap is the same comparing different pre budburst N treatments)

• Even in presence of nitrogen starvetion symptoms, spring applications produce a light answers if compared with autums one

• In spring time the vegetative growth could be the same even in different soil tipes if the winter storage are the same

• Nitrogen oversupply reduce the root growth (the root is not stimulate to explore the soil)

• Take care of the differences between vigour and capacity



• Sustainable fertilization

BUDBURST 6 – 7 OPEN LEAVES

In this interval the roots uptake N and K in very low ammount and vine use mostly the minerls stored in the perennial parts of the vine till bloom stage

Fertirrigation Controlled release fertilizers Pruning wood compost

VeraisonVeraison

In this period N uptake is very low

Second flush of root growth and absorbtionSecond N supply to store in the woody parts for use the following spring

First N supply



Factor Flower per inflorescence

Inflorescence necrosis (%) Fruit set (%) Berries per

bunchBerry weight

(g/berry)Nitrogen0 kg/ha 325 ± 11 25 ± 2 22 ± 1 62 ± 3 1.39 ± 0.03

100/kg/ha 331 ± 12 17 ± 1 29 ± 2 80 ± 3 1.67 ± 0.03Significancea ns *** ** *** ***

Keller et al., 2001

Effects of N supply on reproductive growth and yield component of Müller-Thurgau grapevines.

At bloom stage bunches have only a low sink priority

Aroma potential, total phenolics and glutathione in Sauvignon grape juice from vines with low (L) and high (L+60N; fertilized at fruit set)

nitrogen status.

L L+NP-4MMP (ng eq/L) 405 a (1) 715 bP-4MMPOH (ng eq/L) 760 a 2.059 bP-3MH (ng eq/L) 3.358 a 14.812 bTotal Polyphenol Index 0.28 a 0.21 bGlutathione (mg/L) 17.9 a 120 b (2)

(1) Values within rows followed by the same letter do not differ significantly (Student test, p<0.05).

Chone et al, 2006

(2)Glutathione will provide a better protection of thiols



P O T A S S I U M

• Like N, K in spring time moves from perennial wood tissues since its uptakefrom roots is very light, its soil uptake start around bloom and last untillripening

• Between bloom and harvest vine accumulate K more than other nutrients

• K is involved in sugar transport, stomata movement, cell expansion, rootsgrowth (via sugar transport)

• For the same reason K take part in sugar accumulation in the bunches

• In white wines high K levels can reduce their acidity

• K promote starch conversion in sugars which decrease the cell osmoticpotential and act as cryoprotectans

Keller 2010

Peridermformation

C O L D T O L L E R A N C E

Cell osmotic adjustment ( )

Osmotically active sugarfreezing point depression



Early potassium deficience (spring fever), cold and wet soil?

In 1994 Brancadoro et al. examined the role that rootstock had on K content of grapevines during thevegetative period. The graph refers the correlation between K concentrations in the petiole and the pH of the must.

Leaf and must potassium levels in Croatina cv as affected by the rootstock (1987-1990)

High concentration

Low concentration



VeraisonVeraison

50% ofaccumulationof yearlyrequirement

Secondpeak ofaccumulation

NO K uptake

66,1%

11,7%

10,7%

6,9%

4,7%

I L C A L C I U M

• In the soil Ca flow is very slow (see table below)

• Ca is virtually phloem immobile, it has a xilematic transport so it is presentinto the berry before varaison

• High proportion of a plant’s Ca is located in the cell walls, where it serves as a reinforcing agent to maintain membrane integrity (resistence to Botryte)

• Ca is localized in mature leaves, bark, berry skin; it does not take part intoorganic molecules)



RELATIONS BETWEEN MINERAL NUTRIENTS

Ca K+ -

MgK + -

MgP + ++ traslocation

Water and nutrient flow from the soil through a root into the xylem via simplastic and apoplastic pathway

da Keller 2010

Longitudinal section of the apical region of the root

10/15 µm possono raggiungere il 60% della sup. radicale

Haifa seminar: From a Grafted Vine to a Glass of Wine - September 2013 · · 2017-07-25Haifa...

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