Haberland Presentation 2009

BL Research Innovations for Future Mobile Systems (LTE)WTS conference 09 Praque 22.4.-24.4.09Bernd Haberland([email protected])

Alcatel-Lucent Bell Labs Research LTE Technology IntegrationCONFIDENTIAL. All rights reserved. Alcatel-Lucent. Passing on and copying of this document, use and communication of its content is not permitted without prior written authorization.

Outlook

LTE advancedRequirements Candidate Technologies

SON Technologies (Selforganized Networks) PA evolutions, Wideband PA Innovations accros Bell labs research domainsEnabling Technologies for LTE advanced xGPON as Network MIMO Enabler Application Enabling technologiesContent distribution concepts (CDN) Service differention

Summary and Conclusion

2 - Bernd Haberland

All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2007

LTE advancedRequirements

Bernd Haberland Alcatel-Lucent Bell Labs Research LTE Technology IntegrationCONFIDENTIAL. All rights reserved. Alcatel-Lucent. Passing on and copying of this document, use and communication of its content is not permitted without prior written authorization.

Targets for LTE, LTE advancedLTE(3GPP,) Peak data rate DL Peak data rate UL Peak spectrum efficiency DL Peak spectrum efficiency UL Average spectrum efficiency DL Average spectrum efficiency UL Cell edge spectrum efficiency DL Cell edge spectrum efficiency UL4 - Bernd Haberland

LTE advanced1Gb/s (low mobility) 100 Mb/s(high mobility)

100Mb/s @20MHz (2RX) 50 Mb/s (1TX) 5 bit/s/Hz (2RX) 2.5 bit/s/Hz (2RX)3 ..4 times R6 1.69 bits/Hz (2x2 ant) 2 ..3 times R6 0.028 bits/Hz (1x2 ant) 2 .. 3 times R6 0.05 bits/Hz (1x2 ant) 2 .. 3 times R6 0.028 bits/Hz (1x2 ant)

IMT-Advanced requirements are to be met, better exceeded High spectrum flexibility, e.g. spectrum allocations up to 100 MHz Aggregation of different bandwidths Service: 60 VoIP channels / MHz Backward compatibility to LTEPerformance targets in 3GPP TR 36.913 v8.0.0 Requirements for Further Advancements for E-UTRA (LTE-Advanced), June 2008

500 Mb/s 30 bit/s/Hz (8x8 ant) 15 bit/s/Hz (4x4 ant) 3.7 bit/s/Hz (4x4 ant) 2 bit/s/Hz (2x4 ant) 0.12 bit/s/Hz (4x4 ant) 0.07 bit/s/Hz (2x4 ant)


LTEadv Requirements: Targets for average spectrum efficiencyRadio env. Ant. Config

Case 1 [bps/Hz/cell]

Micro

Indoor

Rural/ High speed

UL 1x2 1.2

X

X X

2x4 DL 2x2

2.0

2.4

X

X

X

4x2

2.6

4x4

3.7 X: not applicable

XAll Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2007

5 - Bernd Haberland

LTE advancedCandidate Technologies


Candidate Technologies for Performance Improvements with LTE Advanced

Enabling Technology Lower Backhauling Latency

Candidate Technology for LTE AdvancedCoordinated multi-point transmission and receptionBeamforming/ Spatial Component ICIC

Mobility enhancementsAccelerated Procedures (Access, HO)

Additional Standardized Measurements

Collaborative MIMO/ Network MIMO

Time/Freq. Dynamic ICIC

SON Management

Dynamic Spectrum Access

Larger Bandwidths

Support of wider bandwidth up to 100 MHz

7 - Bernd Haberland


Options within one cell

Keep the number of antennas: Improve the bits / Hz for single link Improve receivers, channel feedback, link adaptation, scheduling Introduce layered transmission (RDMA) Increase the number of antennas Improve the link budget ( by Beamforming ) Increase the re-use of spectrum per km (using MU MIMO / SDMA) Take contribution from SU MIMO operation (for UEs in good radio conditions)8 - Bernd HaberlandAll Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2007

LTE advanced Technologies:

1. Single Site Processing

SU MIMO: To increase the data rate per user Today: 2 data streams -- tomorrow: 4 data streams; cross-polarization MU MIMO supported by Beamforming To increase cell average datarate Mobile Pairing algos Station user signal dBase Station #1 linear/ non-linear precodinguser signal d1 user signal d2 user signal d3 user signal d4

1

user signal d2

Mobile Station #2

user signal d

Receiver Enhancements: user signal d Today MMSE receivers -- tomorrow interference cancellation Rx Packet Scheduler with Cross-Layer optimization From QOS awarness to HRQ 3D Beamforming (altern.to cell structures) Azymuth, elevation, cross-polarization Adaptive MIMO (TX-Div,SU-MIMO,MU-MIMO) RDMA for LTE (increase of spectral efficiency) OFDM Next generation (IMTadv fragmented spectrum allocations)9 - Bernd HaberlandAll Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2007

Mobile Station #3

4

Efficient feedback concepts for MU-MIMO The best /worst companion conceptBS 2

CodebookIndex 1 2 Weight vector w1 w2

FDD DL Reference BS 1 symbols

User 1

PMI, CQI + BCI/WCI, Delta CQI for BS 2, BS3 Backhaul connection

BS 3

UEs measure channel and report best beam index (preferred rank 1 PMI) for their serving cell UEs further measure channels from a set of dominant interfering cells UEs report best-companion (BCI) or worst-companion PMIs (WCI) for the set of interfering cells UEs report CQI for the case that the best-companion PMIs are not used and for the case that the best companion PMIs are used (Delta-CQI).

Additional low-rate-feedback enabling COMP beam coordination based on coordinated scheduling10 - Bernd HaberlandAll Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2007

MU-MIMO with and without Best Companion signaling (multi-link simulation result) Relative gain in total average sector throughput140% 120% 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Urban macro Urban micro min. Beam dist. Best Comp.

Simulation assumptions (see appendix A.5) Using a subset of the LTE-codebook DL FDD [email protected] MHz 4 Tx linear array, 2 Rx MU-MIMO pairing of 2 users Intra-cell interference fully modeled Inter-cell interference taken from Geometry of 19*3 sector system with 500m ISD and statistically modeled SCME channelsubband SINR cdf

subband SINR cdf 1 0.9 0.8 BCI no BCI

SINR per subband at decoder input1 0.9 0.8 BCI no BCI

cumulative probability

cumulative probability

0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 -40

Urban macro

0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 -40

Urban micro

Conclusion: With very small additional feedback signaling overhead (0.8 kbit/s), throughput gains in the order of 20%20 30 40

-30

-20

-10

0 SINR dB

10

20

30

40

-30

-20

-10

0 SINR dB

10

11 - Bernd Haberland


Optimized precoding Closed Loop MIMO, optimized codebooksComparison of different Antenna Systems and Precoding Matrices, 500m ISD500 1x1 Single Antenna TX 500 1x2 Single Antenna TX

600

optimized codebook

Cell Border Throughput [kbit/s]

500

500 2x2 CL TX Div & PSRC (36.211) 500 4x2 CL TX Div & PSRC (36.211)

Gains with optimum codebook4x2 2x2 36.211 codebook

400

500 4x2 Directional CL TX Div & PARC, 4 Beams, 4 Wts 500 4x2 Directional CL TX Div & PARC, 16 Beam, 8 Wts

300

1x2

200

1x1

100

0 1.0

1.1

1.2

1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Spectral Efficiency [bit/s/Hz/sector]

1.8

1.9

2.0

We go for downloadable codebooks in 3GPP: precoding will be adaptable per cell. Low impact on UE.12 - Bernd HaberlandAll Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2007

Multi-cell situation: two appoachesInterference avoidance Network MIMO

Reduce / Avoid inter-cell interference (using space and frequency) Interference co-ordination Co-ordinated scheduling Use beamforming Use signals from neighbor cell constructively Network MIMO13 - Bernd HaberlandAll Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2007

LTE advanced Technologies: Multi site processing (COMP)Interference ManagementFractional Frequency reuse (FFR) Inter-site/sector Beam Coordination Multi-site coordinated Schedulingreuse3 reuse1 Sector B Sector C reuse1 reuse3 Sector B Sector C reuse3 reuse1 reuse3 reuse1 Sector A reuse3 reuse1

Sector A

reuse1 Sector A reuse3 Sector B Sector C

Net-MIMO between BS (DL & UL)Backhauling bandwidth minimization Latency minimizationThroughput (bps/Hz/base

reuse1 reuse3

reuse1 Sector A reuse3 Sector B Sector C

reuse1 reuse3

reuse1 reuse3

Spectral efficiency increase (interference limited context)

reuse1 reuse3

reuse1 reuse3

Distributed coherent scheduler concept

Conventional, Network MIMO

Higher sectorization (option for DL)grid of beams within sectors Beam coordination between sectors#8 #7 #6 #5 #4 #3 #2 #114 - Bernd Haberland

30 20 15 10 5 0

25

Uplink: Users to Bases

Downlink: Bases to Users

Factor of 3

Factor of 5

(1,1) (2,2) (4,4) (1,1) (2,2) (4,4)(Base antennas, terminal antennas)


Classification of COMP schemes / 3GPP for LTE

DownlinkHigh gains - pilot overhead - backhaul requirements Longer term

UplinkHigh gains - Backhaul requirements!

Joint processing coherent combiningX2 Backhaul * Additional BW > 70 Mbps X2 Latency 1-5 ms

Joint processing coherent superposition(Radio samples or softbits)X2 Backhaul *

backhaul requirements

(bandwidth, latency)

* Calculation assumptions for the additional required X2 BW : 4 eNBs (20MHz) and 10 UEs in COMP area15 RA3 summary | Feb 2008 15| - Bernd Haberland

spectral efficiency

Joint processing non-coherent combining Co-ordinated scheduling (per sector or per beam)X2 Backhaul Additional BW is negligible Latency 640 Mbps(Radio Samples) > 200 Mbps (Softbits) > 40 Mbps (user data) Latency < 1 ms

Co-ordinated schedulingEfficient interference reductionX2 Backhaul Additional BW is negligible Latency 60 dB improvements identified by first envelope signal conditioning tests DPD correction improvement up to 15 dB for non-ET-modified DPD.

-20

w/o ET 2.13616000 GHz CH PWR 5.98 dBm ACP Up -22.09 w ET & w/o DPD dB ACP Low -19.12 dB w ET &Up DPD & env. cond. ALT1 -33.55 dBA

ALT1 Low-30 1VIEW 2VIEW 3VIEW -40

-31.15 dB1RM 2RM 3RM 4RM

1

-50

-60

cu2-70

cu2 cu1 cu1 C0 C0 cl1 cl1 cl2 cl2

-80

Highest measured efficiency up to now: 44 % with GaN technology (3GPP ACLR not met)48 - Bernd Haberland

-90 -97

Center 2.1405 GHz Date: 5.FEB.2009 17:58:06

5 MHz/

Span 50 MHz


Concept-3: Class-S Amplifier Basic Considerations Basic block diagram of a possible Class-S amplifierhighly efficient Class-E/F or D amplifierLeistungsverstrker Power amplifier

amplitude and phase modulated signal

amplitude and phase modulated signal

Modulator

DS-modulated signal

Bandpass Filter

Benefits:high efficiency, theoretically 100 % increased flexibility due to digital control

Challenges:fast modulator required high switching frequency of RF transistor49 - Bernd HaberlandAll Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2007

Concept Comparison Class-AB - Doherty - Envelope TrackingClass-AB Efficiency Linearity Linearizability Power/mm Gain Complexity RF Design effort Costs Signal bandwidth Total bandwidth50 - Bernd Haberland

(estimations only - not binding)

Doherty high medium best lowest medium medium medium low medium lowestAll Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2007

Env. Track. high medium best high medium higher low medium medium high

low best best medium high low low lowest high high

Concept-4: Class-O Amplifier (Bell Labs Innovation) Class-O Optical Heterodyning ConceptIdea: Combine a modified Baseband DSM with Optical HeterodyningBB-signal / E/O 1 + Carrier DSM Synth 2 E/O s2 (carrier signal) Bit Streams s1 (base band signal) O/E s0 = s1*s2 (photo diode) X

Class-D Power Stage (Switch)

Optical Heterodyning: c * (1-1 - 2-1) = fcarrier

DSM(BB-sig * rf-carrier) DSM(BB-sig) * DSM(rf-carrier) Key-Challenge: Signal Processing Problems Carrier DSM Synth and modified / still unknown Principle Problem: Class-D requires discrete on/off input signal but you receive continuos signal due to Heterodyning



Multiband/Multicarrier/Mukltistandard Overview on Investigated - Power Amplifier Cases

Frequency Split into three different Power Amplifier Cases 700 GSM UMTS 3G LTE WiMAX 1 2 1000 1800 2500 3500 MHz

3Digital Tx TX D/AConv

SDR Tra nsceiver Architecture

TX Frequency Upconversion A/D

Power Amplifier

Feedback: Frequency Downconversion Clock Generation Antenna Network

RX Digital Rx A/DConv RX Frequency Downconversion LNA Module Common part Dedicated part



Class-AB Multiband Case2 Amplifier (final stage) Results (Fix Matching Networks)40 W av. 1.8 - 2.7 GHz Multiband Amplifier (GaN-Technology, Push-Pull Configuration)Measured Small-Signal Parameter20 18 16 14 0 -2 -4 -6 -8 -10 -12 -14 -16S21 S11

S21 (dB)

12 10 8 6 4 2 0 0

Ud 30 V; Id 0.75 A500 1000 1500 2000 2500

-18 -20 3000

frequency (MHz)

Result @ 1.8 GHz 44.2 dBm ACLR met!



Results measured using 1 carrier W-CDMA signal with clipping and digital predistortion.53 - Bernd HaberlandAll Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2007

S11 (dB)

Doherty Amplifier (Bell Labs Innovation) Innovative Bell Labs Multiband Doherty Approach Innovative Broadband Doherty Approachshared main amplifier different frequency bands covered by an own peak amplifier, each unused peak amplifier and signal path is turned off leads to improved load modulation (bandwidth) and thus multiband capability with improved performance First hardware realisation based on GaN-technology is currently ongoing.

Frequency Band 1

Frequency Band 254 - Bernd HaberlandAll Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2007

Innovations across BL research domains


Innovations across BL research domains

BL research is very broadOptical, Wireless, Fixed Access, Service Infrastructure Networking, Applications, Enabling Computing technologies Enabling Physical technologies

Cross research domain projects creates new innovation assetsxGPON integration in eNodeBs as enabler of NetMiMO Evolutions in optical PHY Layer/Transport Network Small Cells/Femto Cells in Autonomic Networks in combination with SON in macro cellular environment Open CDN (Content distribution) Framework



Enabler for LTEadvxGPON for broadband inter basestation and controller communicationemerging fiber-based access networks FTTN, FTTU carrier-class broadband links from a central site to 32-64 remote sites 2.5 Gbps , 1.25 Gbps e.g. aggreg. 1Gbs TX direction data, 1Gbps TX direction data redirect QoS provision by T-CONTs dynamic bandwidth allocation resilience / protection time base distribution (BITS, IEEE1588) outdoor versions for ONUs, OLTONU

redundant fiber rings OLT

MIMO graphics src: R. Irmer, HP. Mayer et.al. Commag 2/2009



Next Generation in PONs Higher bitrates 10Gbpsdown, 2.5Gbpsup, 10Gbpsup Lower|higher asymmetry re. down-/upstream (from 2.5:1.25Gbps in GPON) Next-EPON: IEEE 802.3av 10Gbps/[1.25;10Gbps] 1:32 split, 20km Next-GPON: FSAN/ITU-T G.987.x "near-future": NGPON1 (FSAN target consent PHY: 9/'09, TC/OMCI: 6/'10)XGPON1 (DS 10/US 2.5Gbps) XGPON2 (DS10/US10Gbps) Reach Extender (RE) box (60km/1:128) same fiber plant (reach, split ratio) coexistence with GPON

beyond NGPON1long-reach (>= 100 km) wavelength division multiplexing modified fiber plant (?) etc.

"far-future": NGPON2 (White-Paper H1 2010)

new-deal



Application Enabling technologies New Alcatel-Lucent StrategyIn addition to our broadband carrier business To offer application enabling solutions Purpose: to help our customers (Mobile operators) Participating in revenues of OTT provider (Google, Amazon ..) In addition to flatrate - payment on demand applications Business Model Mobile operator gets a part of the OTT revenue for transport ALU contribution Technologies to guarantee:High performance transportHigh bandwidth, low latency

Security personalization59 - Bernd HaberlandAll Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2007

Application Enabling technologies (examples)Content distribution concepts (CDN)LTEadv plans signalbandwidths up to 100MHz 100MHz can be fragmented Future Data transmission to mobiles:ultra highspeed with very bursty nature

New Caching Concepts neededSeparation of Control and Content Hierachical scheduler concept

CacheControl Content

CacheControl Content

Control

CacheContent

CacheContent



Application Enabling technologies (examples)Open CDN in an LTE SolutionCache Control Cache Control? BackhauleNB eNB MME MME

?App App Server Server

Caching Opportunities App App Server Server

PCRF PCRF

SGW SGW

PDN-GW PDN-GW

eNB eNB

Radio & Terminal

Evolved Packet Core

Carrier PDN

Public Internet

Controller determines what content is popular/operator has business agreement for and where it should be hosted. Leverages UE storage for pro-active network controlled content pushFull or partial push for instantaneous content access with the remaining fraction to be delivered via a specially configured dedicated bearer (via PCC)

Builds hooks into the LTE system (PCC/QoS linkage)61 - Bernd HaberlandAll Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2007

Application Enabling technologies (examples)Service differentiation Service differentiation for payment on demand applicationExtension of QOS classes Coexistance with flat rate applications

End-to end solutionEPC, carrier PDH, Cloud computing (puplic internet) Up to MAC layer of eNodeB

Combination with CDN conceptCache Control Cache Control? BackhauleNB eNB MME MME

?App App Server Server

Caching Opportunities App App Server Server

PCRF PCRF

SGW SGW

PDN-GW PDN-GW

eNB eNB

Radio & Terminal

Evolved Packet Core

Carrier PDN

Public Internet

Appl Appl Server Server OTT OTT provider provider



Summary (1) Bell Labs offers a variety of innovations for LTE from its research areas LTEadv radioMulti-antenna Processing (Single Site/Multi-site) performance gains shown

SONUse cases for selfconfigurtation and self optimization Applicable for Macro- and Small cells

PA evolutions (Doherty, Envelope Tracking, class S, ClassO)Different power amplifier concepts shown Doherty, Envelope Tracking, class-S, Class-0

Benefits and drawbacks of the discussed concepts highlighted Promising results and new ideas out of Bell Labs have been shown. Doherty is currently designed into modern Base Stations pushing the overall efficiency to improved values ET solutions coming soon (now in transfer to development) Concepts like digital Class-S and Class-O need more research work Wideband concepts with GaN technologies discussed63 - Bernd HaberlandAll Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2007

Summary (2) Additional significant innovations possible with cross research domain work xGPON integration in eNodeBs as enabler of NetMiMO Evolutions in optical PHY Layer/Transport Network Small Cells/Femto Cells in Autonomic Networks in combination with SON in macro cellular environment Bell labs is fully committed to the new ALU company strategy (2 examples) Content distribution concepts (CDN) Service differentiation



Haberland Presentation 2009

Documents

Transcript of Haberland Presentation 2009