HISTORICAL REVIEWHISTORICAL REVIEW

Professor Saad Haj Bakry, PhD, CEng, FIEEProfessor Saad Haj Bakry, PhD, CEng, FIEE

NETWORK ARCHITECTURENETWORK ARCHITECTURE

CONTENTSCONTENTS

Saad Haj Bakry

Network ArchitectureHistorical Review

EARLY COMMUNICATIONSEARLY COMMUNICATIONS

NETWORKSNETWORKS

LASERLASER

RADIO / TELEVISIONRADIO / TELEVISION

RADARRADAR

TELEGRAPH / TELEPHONETELEGRAPH / TELEPHONE TECHNIQUESTECHNIQUES

ELECTRONICSELECTRONICS

SATELLITESSATELLITES

COMPUTERSCOMPUTERS

TRENDSTRENDS

EARLY COMMUNICATIONSEARLY COMMUNICATIONS

PRE- ELECTRICITY:

• Fire

• Drums

• Homing Pigeon

• Semaphore /

Repeaters

PRE- ELECTRICITY:

• Fire

• Drums

• Homing Pigeon

• Semaphore /

Repeaters

ELECTRICITY:

• 1826: Ohm’s Law

• 1830 - 1840:

Faraday & others:

Electromagnetics

ELECTRICITY:

• 1826: Ohm’s Law

• 1830 - 1840:

Faraday & others:

Electromagnetics

Saad Haj Bakry

Network ArchitectureHistorical Review

TELEGRAPH / TELEPHONETELEGRAPH / TELEPHONE

TELEGRAPH:

• 1837: Cooke &

Wheatstone (UK)

• 1844: Morse (USA)

• 1865: ITU (1947)

• 1866: Trans-Atlantic

TELEGRAPH:

• 1837: Cooke &

Wheatstone (UK)

• 1844: Morse (USA)

• 1865: ITU (1947)

• 1866: Trans-Atlantic

TELEPHONE:

• 1876: A. G. Bell

• 1915: Trans-USA

• 1926: Trans-Atlantic

TELEPHONE:

• 1876: A. G. Bell

• 1915: Trans-USA

• 1926: Trans-Atlantic

Saad Haj Bakry

Network ArchitectureHistorical Review

RADIO / TELEVISIONRADIO / TELEVISION

RADIO:

• 1864: Maxwell

• 1887: Hertz

• Marconi Radio:

1897: Telegraph

1898: Telephone

• 1920: Station

RADIO:

• 1864: Maxwell

• 1887: Hertz

• Marconi Radio:

1897: Telegraph

1898: Telephone

• 1920: Station

TELEVISION:

• 1926: Zworykin test

• 1938: Television

Station

TELEVISION:

• 1926: Zworykin test

• 1938: Television

Station

Saad Haj Bakry

Network ArchitectureHistorical Review

RADARRADAR

1922: Marconi Principles

1922: Marconi Principles

RADIO DETECTION AND RANGINGRADIO DETECTION AND RANGING

1935: Watson Watt

1935: Watson Watt

1939 - 1945:

2nd World War Important Development

1939 - 1945:

2nd World War Important Development

Saad Haj Bakry

Network ArchitectureHistorical Review

SATELLITESSATELLITES

1950(s): THE MOON, Washington DC-Hawaii: Low Data Rate 1950(s): THE MOON, Washington DC-Hawaii: Low Data Rate

1957: Soviet Sputnik I, Telemetry Information1957: Soviet Sputnik I, Telemetry Information

1958: US SCORE, President Xmas Message

1958: US SCORE, President Xmas Message

1965: Early Bird / Intelsat 1, Commercial Use

1965: Early Bird / Intelsat 1, Commercial Use

1962: TELSTAR, Voice, Picture, Data

1962: TELSTAR, Voice, Picture, Data

Saad Haj Bakry

Network ArchitectureHistorical Review

LASERLASER

1960: Discovery of LASER: Maiman

1960: Discovery of LASER: Maiman

LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED

EMISSION OF RADIATION

LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED

EMISSION OF RADIATION

1966: Optical Fiber: Kao & Hockham / Werts1966: Optical Fiber: Kao & Hockham / Werts

1980 (s): Practical Use

1980 (s): Practical Use

Saad Haj Bakry

Network ArchitectureHistorical Review

ELECTRONICSELECTRONICS

1904: DIODE Fleming

1904: DIODE Fleming

1906: TRIODE De Forest

1906: TRIODE De Forest

1948: TRANSISTOR 1948: TRANSISTOR

1960(s):

SSI / MSI 1960(s):

SSI / MSI Early 70(s):

LSIEarly 70(s):

LSILate 70(s):

VLSILate 70(s):

VLSISaad Haj Bakry

Network ArchitectureHistorical Review

TECHNIQUESTECHNIQUES

1918: SUPERHETERODYNE, Armstrong1918: SUPERHETERODYNE, Armstrong

1920: SAMPLING, Carson 1920: SAMPLING, Carson

1933: Frequency Modulation, Armstrong 1933: Frequency Modulation, Armstrong

1937: Pulse Code Modulation, Reeves 1937: Pulse Code Modulation, Reeves

1948: Communications Theory, Shannon 1948: Communications Theory, Shannon

1950: Time Division Multiplexing 1950: Time Division Multiplexing Saad Haj Bakry

Network ArchitectureHistorical Review

COMPUTERSCOMPUTERS

1946 - 1952: ENIAC Project:

John Mauchly John Presper

John von Neuman

1946 - 1952: ENIAC Project:

John Mauchly John Presper

John von Neuman

Generation 1: Tube Generation 2: Transistor Generation 3: SSI / MSI Generation 4: LSI Generation 5: VLSI

Generation 1: Tube Generation 2: Transistor Generation 3: SSI / MSI Generation 4: LSI Generation 5: VLSI

Mid 1970(s): Super Computers, Symore CrayMid 1970(s): Super Computers, Symore Cray

Mid 1980(s): Neuro- Net ComputersMid 1980(s): Neuro- Net Computers

MID 1950(s): Software

MID 1950(s): Software

Saad Haj Bakry

Network ArchitectureHistorical Review

NETWORKSNETWORKS

1960(s): Computer Networks,

SAGE, ARPANET

1960(s): Computer Networks,

SAGE, ARPANET

1980(s):BITNET, EARN, NETNORTH, GULFNET;

Local Area Networks: ETHERNET; Principles: ISDN, BISDN / ATM

1980(s):BITNET, EARN, NETNORTH, GULFNET;

Local Area Networks: ETHERNET; Principles: ISDN, BISDN / ATM

Late 1970(s): Cellular

Networks

Late 1970(s): Cellular

Networks

1990(s): INTERNET, INTRANET, EXTRANET.1990(s): INTERNET, INTRANET, EXTRANET.Saad Haj Bakry

Network ArchitectureHistorical Review

TRENDSTRENDS

DIGITAL INTEGRATION OF INFORMATION

INTEGRATION OF NETWORKS

DIGITAL INTEGRATION OF INFORMATION

INTEGRATION OF NETWORKS

SMALLER / FASTER

ELECTRONICS

SMALLER / FASTER

ELECTRONICS

MORE INTELLIGENT

SOFTWARE

MORE INTELLIGENT

SOFTWARE

FASTER OPTICAL LINKS /

NEW GENERATION OF SATELLITES: LEO

FASTER OPTICAL LINKS /

NEW GENERATION OF SATELLITES: LEO

Saad Haj Bakry

Network Architecture Historical Review