HH22S Pollution in Petroleum S Pollution in Petroleum IndustryIndustry

Hadi tavasoliHadi tavasoli Mohammadreza sanaviMohammadreza sanavi

The Petroleum IndustryThe Petroleum Industry

1)Exploration and production1)Exploration and production 2)Transportation2)Transportation 3)Refining3)Refining 4)Marketing4)Marketing

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Exploration and ProductionExploration and Production

1)Exploration and well-site 1)Exploration and well-site preparationpreparation

2)Drilling2)Drilling 3)Crude oil and gas processing3)Crude oil and gas processing 4)Enhanced recovery4)Enhanced recovery

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Natural GasNatural Gas

Primarily of methanePrimarily of methane

1)ethane1)ethane Small quantities of 2)propaneSmall quantities of 2)propane

3)butan3)butan

Impurities:nitrogen,helium,carbon dioxide,Impurities:nitrogen,helium,carbon dioxide,

hydrogen sulfide,mercaptans,watherhydrogen sulfide,mercaptans,wather

Condensible hydrocarbons are Condensible hydrocarbons are recoverd from the gas using:recoverd from the gas using:

AbsorptionAbsorption Refrigeration or gas expantionRefrigeration or gas expantion

Air Emissions Air Emissions CharacterizationCharacterization

757757

Vent Collection systemVent Collection system

The control efficiency of the The control efficiency of the collection system depends on the collection system depends on the capture efficiency and how the capture efficiency and how the collected gas is used or destroyed collected gas is used or destroyed

RefiningRefining

766766

Treating processesTreating processes

These processes are used to stabilize These processes are used to stabilize and upgrade petroleum products by and upgrade petroleum products by separating them from less desirable separating them from less desirable products and by removing impurities.products and by removing impurities.

Wastewater TreatmentWastewater Treatment

Containing HContaining H22S,ammonia,and oil is S,ammonia,and oil is termed sour watertermed sour water

Depends on diversity of refineryDepends on diversity of refinery

SULFUR RECOVERYSULFUR RECOVERY

Very-high purity elemental sulfur is Very-high purity elemental sulfur is recovered as a by-product of the recovered as a by-product of the processing of crud oil and natural gas.processing of crud oil and natural gas.

Crude oil contain 0.1% to 5.0% sulfurCrude oil contain 0.1% to 5.0% sulfur Natural gas contain 15% to 20% HNatural gas contain 15% to 20% H22S S

or other sulfur compounds.or other sulfur compounds.

Process DescriptionProcess Description

1)Gas scrubbing1)Gas scrubbing 2)Sulfur recovery2)Sulfur recovery 3)Incineration3)Incineration

420420

421421

422422

Converting Hydrogen sulfide Converting Hydrogen sulfide by the claus processby the claus process

22HH22S S ++SOSO2 =32 =3S S + 2+ 2HH22OO

Making Hydrogen from Making Hydrogen from Hydrogen SulfideHydrogen Sulfide

Processing Natural GasProcessing Natural Gas

A Natural Gas Processing A Natural Gas Processing PlantPlant

Absorption TowersAbsorption Towers

Gas Processing Plant with Gas Processing Plant with Absorption TowersAbsorption Towers

Pipes and Absorption Pipes and Absorption TowersTowers

Gas Sweetening PlantGas Sweetening Plant