Gutierrez Hist of Latinos 1960

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The Columbia History of in the

United States since 1960

CHAPTERS 1-4

Intro Globalization, Mexico, Puerto Rico,Cubans and Central America

David G. Gutierrez, Editor


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Introduction 1960 is the beginning of a period when

Americans became aware of the

growing Latino minority.

There was a demographic revolution

in the last 4 decades of 20th century.

Latinos of all national origins, heritages,and class backgrounds reside and

intermingle in urban and rural areas.

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Changing demographic structure

of the pan-Latino pop The 2000 U.S. census revealed that

more immigrants entered the U.S.

between 1990 and 2000 than in any

other ten-year period in U.S. history.

1990-99, 8.6 million new immigrants.

In 2001, 30 million foreign born peopleliving in the U.S.

Including 2nd gen, = 56 million.3


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Pop. Explosion in L.A. Until 1950, the populations of Latin

American and the United States were

roughly comparable.

Since 1950, the Latin American

population has exploded.

1960 218 million in L.A.

2001 520 million in L.A.

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Pop. Growth compared

3

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

L.A. N.A.

1960

2001


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The Hart-CellerImmigration

and Nationality Act. 1965, the Hart-Celler act liberalized

U.S. immigration policy by abolishing

the discriminatory national-origins

system in place since the 1920s.

The passage of Hart-Celler cleared the

way for a dramatic shift in thecomposition of immigrant populations

coming to the United States.

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The shift in Immigration In 1960, 75 percent of all immigrants to

the U.S. came from Europe. Only 14

percent from L.A.

In 2000, only 15 percent of the foreign-

born immigrants were from Europe; and

the vast majority, 77 percent, originatedin Latin America and Asia.

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The growth in Latino

Immigration In 1960, fewer than one million foreign-

born Latin Americans in the U.S.

During the 1960s, another one million

additional Latin Americans entered the

country legally.

In 1980s, the number jumped to 2.8 mill

1990s, an additional 4.6 million

immigrants from L.A. entered legally.5


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1

3

4.6

0

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

5

5

1960s 1980s 1990s

Legal immigrants from L.A. to the U.S.


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Dominant Immigrant

Nationalities Mexico - 8 Million

Puerto Rico - 3.1 Million

Cuba - 952,000

Dominican Republic - 692,000

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From Central America

According to 2000 census:

El Salvador - 765,000

Guatemala - 372,000

Honduras - 250,000

Nicaragua - 245,000

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From South America

According to 2000 census:

Colombia - 435,000

Peru - 328,000

Ecuador - 281,000

Venezuela - 126,000 Argentina - 89,000

Chile - 83,000

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Total Latino Immigration by

Nationality

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Nicaragua

Honduras

Ecudor

Peru

Guatemala

Colombia

Dom Rep

El Salvador

Cuba

Puerto Rico

Mexico


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Latinos as a minority 1960, Latinos formed 3.9% of U.S. pop.

1970, 4.9% or 9 million

1980, 14.6 million

1990, 22.35 million

2000, 38 million or 13% of U.S. pop.

Jan. 2003, Latinos surpassed African

Americans to become the largest

minority of U.S. pop.

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Latino youth The Latino pop is generally much

younger than the native U.S. population

and therefore has as much higherproportion of individuals in their

childbearing years.

L

atino children of all nationalitiesconstitute more than half of the

school-age population.

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Latino youth The Latino pop is generally much

younger than the native U.S. population

and therefore has as much higherproportion of individuals in their

childbearing years.

L

atino children of all nationalitiesconstitute more than half of the

school-age population.

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