Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… ·...
Transcript of Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… ·...
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Guns, Germs, and Steel
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Chapter 16 “How China Became Chinese”
Guns, Germs, and Steel
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__________ Determinism (環境決定論/地理的決定論)
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Geographic Determinism (環境決定論/地理的決定論)
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How did China become “Chinese?”
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or
How did China stay Chinese for so long?
How did China become “Chinese?”
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China has remained
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l__________
China has remained
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linguistically
China has remained
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linguistically
China has remained
culturally
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linguistically
China has remained
culturally
politically
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linguistically
China has remained
culturally
politically
similar over the last 2,000 years
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Other countries have gone through so many changes
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Other countries have gone through so many changes
China is actually unusual
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Huge g_________ differences in the country
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Huge geographic differences in the country
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Long from north to s____
Huge geographic differences in the country
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Long from north to south
Huge geographic differences in the country
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Northern China’s climate - very dry and cold
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Southern China - wet and quite w___
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Southern China - wet and quite warm
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If e__________ is so important then why is China China?
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If environment is so important then why is China China?
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If environment is so important then why is China China?
Why is it not 5 or 6 different countries, each with a different culture and language?
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La_________ in China
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Languages in China
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When two regions of China share some of the same languages (or at least words)
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When two regions of China share some of the same languages (or at least words)
=It’s likely the two regions in________ with one another in the past
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When two regions of China share some of the same languages (or at least words)
=It’s likely the two regions interacted with one another in the past
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Hundreds of “minor languages” in China
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Hundreds of “minor languages” in China
1,000’s or 10,000’s of speakers
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“Minor languages” in China
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“Minor languages” in China
Similar to the “major languages” in …
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“Minor languages” in China
Similar to the “major languages” in …
V______ Laos
M______ Cambodia
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“Minor languages” in China
Similar to the “major languages” in …
Vietnam Laos
M______ Cambodia
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“Minor languages” in China
Similar to the “major languages” in …
Vietnam Laos
Myanmar Cambodia
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Reason:
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Reason:
People of many Southeast A____ countries
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Reason:
People of many Southeast Asian countries
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Reason:
People of many Southeast Asian countries
Descended (…の子孫である, 血統である) from people who once lived in parts of China
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Chinese History
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Chinese History
Northern and Southern Chinese may have developed a_________ independently
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Chinese History
Northern and Southern Chinese may have developed agriculture independently
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Conditions for agriculture to develop:
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Conditions for agriculture to develop:
Temperate climate (温暖な気候)
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Conditions for agriculture to develop:
Temperate climate (温暖な気候)
availability of crops
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Conditions for agriculture to develop:
Temperate climate (温暖な気候)
availability of crops
large m_______ (哺乳動物) to be domesticated
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Conditions for agriculture to develop:
Temperate climate (温暖な気候)
availability of crops
large mammals (哺乳動物) to be domesticated
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Agriculture ——>
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Agriculture ——>
development of metallurgy (冶金学/術)
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development of metallurgy (冶金学/術) ——>
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development of metallurgy (冶金学/術) ——>
other complex te___________
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development of metallurgy (冶金学/術) ——>
other complex technologies
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How did the different parts of China interact with one another?
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Network of large r______
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Network of large rivers
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People could travel north and south fairly easily =
Network of large rivers
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People could travel north and south fairly easily =
More easily than in the Americas or Africa
Network of large rivers
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Result:
![Page 60: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Many technologies d______ (を広める, 普及させる) throughout China
Result:
![Page 61: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Many technologies diffused (を広める, 普及させる) throughout China
Result:
![Page 62: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Many technologies diffused (を広める, 普及させる) throughout China
Result:
rice growing
![Page 63: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Many technologies diffused (を広める, 普及させる) throughout China
Result:
rice growing w______
![Page 64: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Many technologies diffused (を広める, 普及させる) throughout China
Result:
rice growing writing
![Page 65: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Many technologies diffused (を広める, 普及させる) throughout China
Result:
rice growing writing ironwork(鉄製)
![Page 66: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Diamond’s rule:
a) Diffusion is easier from east to west
b) Diffusion is easier from north to south
![Page 67: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Diamond’s rule:
a) Diffusion is easier from east to west
b) Diffusion is easier from north to south
![Page 68: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Diamond’s rule:
Because, generally similar cl_____, similar day lengths etc.
![Page 69: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Diamond’s rule:
Because, generally similar climate, similar day lengths etc.
![Page 70: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
However… in China
![Page 71: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
However… in China
Diffusion in all directions …
![Page 72: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
However… in China
Diffusion in all directions …
especially from north to south
![Page 73: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
However… in China
Diffusion in all directions …
especially from north to south mostly due to r_____
![Page 74: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
However… in China
Diffusion in all directions …
especially from north to south mostly due to rivers
![Page 75: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Chinese dynasty (秦朝)221 B.C. in Northern China
![Page 76: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Chinese dynasty (秦朝)221 B.C. in Northern China
Powerful weapons
![Page 77: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Chinese dynasty (秦朝)221 B.C. in Northern China
Powerful weapons Advanced ag_________
![Page 78: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Chinese dynasty (秦朝)221 B.C. in Northern China
Powerful weapons Advanced agriculture
![Page 79: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Chinese dynasty (秦朝)221 B.C. in Northern China
United with Chinese in the s____
![Page 80: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Chinese dynasty (秦朝)221 B.C. in Northern China
United with Chinese in the south
![Page 81: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
Chinese peoples in the north and the south
![Page 82: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
Chinese peoples in the north and the south
Similar c______
![Page 83: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
Chinese peoples in the north and the south
Similar cultures
![Page 84: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
Chinese peoples in the north and the south
Similar cultures History of exchanging crops
![Page 85: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
Chinese peoples in the north and the south
Many of the same technologies (agriculture, ironwork, writing…)
![Page 86: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
Easily na________ (航行可能な) rivers allowed
Chinese in the north and south to unify
![Page 87: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
Easily navigable (航行可能な) rivers allowed
Chinese in the north and south to unify
![Page 88: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
Unified ethnic Chinese drove out non-ethnic Chinese people
![Page 89: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
Unified ethnic Chinese drove out non-ethnic Chinese people
Pushed non-ethnic Chinese people south (Vietnam, Myanmar Laos, Cambodia)
![Page 90: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
Eliminated non-ethnic Chinese culture
![Page 91: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
Eliminated non-ethnic Chinese culture
Many early Chinese emperors burned b____ in non-Chinese languages
![Page 92: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
Eliminated non-ethnic Chinese culture
Many early Chinese emperors burned books in non-Chinese languages
![Page 93: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
Superior te_________ and organization helped the Chinese expel other cultures and…
![Page 94: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
Superior technology and organization helped the Chinese expel other cultures and…
![Page 95: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
Superior technology and organization helped the Chinese expel other cultures and…
make Chinese culture unusually monolithic(完全に統制されて、 一枚岩的な)
![Page 96: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
Chapter 17 “Speedboat to Polynesia”
Guns, Germs, and Steel
![Page 97: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
In contrast to the ethnic and cultural unity in C____…
![Page 98: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
In contrast to the ethnic and cultural unity in China…
![Page 99: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
New Guinea has a lot of diversity
In contrast to the ethnic and cultural unity in China…
![Page 100: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
Different ethnicities and cultures are hostile to one another
In contrast to the ethnic and cultural unity in China…
![Page 101: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
Javans, Highlanders, Lowlanders and Chinese …
In contrast to the ethnic and cultural unity in China…
![Page 102: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
Why?
![Page 103: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
Why?
Difficult ge________, not easy to travel
long distance by river, people isolated
![Page 104: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
Why?
Difficult geography, not easy to travel
long distance by river, people isolated
![Page 105: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
Austronesian expansion - Starting from about 6,000 years ago
![Page 106: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
Austronesian expansion - Starting from about 6,000 years ago
“Austronesia” = Taiwan, The Philippines, In_______,
New Guinea & many of the Pacific Islands
![Page 107: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/107.jpg)
Austronesian expansion - Starting from about 6,000 years ago
“Austronesia” = Taiwan, The Philippines, Indonesia,
New Guinea & many of the Pacific Islands
![Page 108: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/108.jpg)
Austronesian expansion - Starting from about 6,000 years ago
“Austronesia” = Taiwan, The Philippines, Indonesia,
New Guinea & many of the Pacific Islands
![Page 109: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/109.jpg)
Earliest agriculture in Austronesia came from…
![Page 110: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/110.jpg)
Earliest agriculture in Austronesia came from…
A) Taiwan
B) Japan
C) Australia
D) India
![Page 111: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/111.jpg)
Earliest agriculture in Austronesia came from…
A) Taiwan
B) Japan
C) Australia
D) India
![Page 112: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/112.jpg)
What enabled people from T_____ (and later other parts of Southeast Asia) to expand into Austronesia?
![Page 113: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/113.jpg)
What enabled people from Taiwan (and later other parts of Southeast Asia) to expand into Austronesia?
![Page 114: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/114.jpg)
What enabled people from Taiwan (and later other parts of Southeast Asia) to expand into Austronesia?
(Answer to come later)
![Page 115: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/115.jpg)
They brought…
![Page 116: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/116.jpg)
They brought…
a__________ techniques
![Page 117: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/117.jpg)
They brought…
agricultural techniques
![Page 118: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/118.jpg)
They brought…
agricultural techniques domesticated animals
![Page 119: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/119.jpg)
They brought…
agricultural techniques
pottery…
domesticated animals
![Page 120: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/120.jpg)
Probably traveled through Austronesian is______ using small boats and canoes
![Page 121: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/121.jpg)
Probably traveled through Austronesian islands using small boats and canoes
![Page 122: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/122.jpg)
Probably traveled through Austronesian islands using small boats and canoes
![Page 123: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/123.jpg)
Probably traveled through Austronesian islands using small boats and canoes
Present-day Austronesians are probably descendants of
agriculturalists who spread through Austronesia 6,000 years ago
![Page 124: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/124.jpg)
So, what enabled people from T_____ (and later other parts of Southeast Asia) to expand into Austronesia?
![Page 125: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/125.jpg)
So, what enabled people from Taiwan (and later other parts of Southeast Asia) to expand into Austronesia?
![Page 126: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/126.jpg)
So, what enabled people from Taiwan (and later other parts of Southeast Asia) to expand into Austronesia?
Knowledge of a________
![Page 127: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/127.jpg)
So, what enabled people from Taiwan (and later other parts of Southeast Asia) to expand into Austronesia?
Knowledge of agriculture
![Page 128: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/128.jpg)
Knowledge of agriculture
![Page 129: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/129.jpg)
Knowledge of agriculture
Agriculture encouraged people to or______ ——>
![Page 130: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/130.jpg)
Knowledge of agriculture
Agriculture encouraged people to organize ——>
![Page 131: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/131.jpg)
Agriculture encouraged people to organize ——>
![Page 132: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/132.jpg)
Agriculture encouraged people to organize
discover new technologies
——>
![Page 133: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/133.jpg)
discover new technologies ——>
Agriculture encouraged people to organize ——>
![Page 134: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/134.jpg)
discover new technologies ——>
![Page 135: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/135.jpg)
_____ ——>
discover new technologies ——>
![Page 136: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/136.jpg)
boats ——>
discover new technologies ——>
![Page 137: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/137.jpg)
used to colonize Austronesia ——>
boats ——>
![Page 138: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/138.jpg)
Evidence:
![Page 139: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/139.jpg)
Agricultural practices
Evidence:
![Page 140: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/140.jpg)
Agricultural practices Crops
Evidence:
![Page 141: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/141.jpg)
Agricultural practices Crops
Evidence:
Animals
![Page 142: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/142.jpg)
Further Evidence:
![Page 143: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/143.jpg)
L_________
Further Evidence:
![Page 144: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/144.jpg)
Languages
Further Evidence:
![Page 145: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/145.jpg)
Example from another part of the world
- the word for “sheep” in many Indo-European languages …
Further Evidence:
インドヨーロッパ語族
![Page 146: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/146.jpg)
“sheep” in…
(Spanish, Russian, Greek, and Lithuanian) is very similar
![Page 147: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/147.jpg)
(Spanish, Russian, Greek, and Lithuanian) is very similar
“sheep” in…
Ancient peoples of these cultures traded sheep with each other
=
![Page 148: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/148.jpg)
Similarly,…
オーストロネシア語族
![Page 149: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/149.jpg)
Similarities between ancient Polynesian languages and ancient Ta________ languages
オーストロネシア語族
![Page 150: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/150.jpg)
Similarities between ancient Polynesian languages and ancient Taiwanese languages
オーストロネシア語族
![Page 151: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/151.jpg)
Similarities between ancient Polynesian languages and ancient Taiwanese languages
Farmers spread their crops and technologies through Austronesia starting from Taiwan
オーストロネシア語族
![Page 152: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/152.jpg)
Farmers originally from Taiwan spread their …
オーストロネシア語族
![Page 153: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/153.jpg)
Farmers originally from Taiwan spread their …
Agriculture
![Page 154: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/154.jpg)
Farmers originally from Taiwan spread their …
Agriculture Technology
![Page 155: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/155.jpg)
Farmers originally from Taiwan spread their …
La________
Agriculture Technology
![Page 156: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/156.jpg)
Farmers originally from Taiwan spread their …
Languages
Agriculture Technology
![Page 157: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/157.jpg)
About 1500 B.C - People reached New Guinea
![Page 158: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/158.jpg)
About 1500 B.C - People reached New Guinea
However, they did not “c______” New Guinea,
as they did other places
![Page 159: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/159.jpg)
About 1500 B.C - People reached New Guinea
However, they did not “conquer” New Guinea,
as they did other places
![Page 160: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/160.jpg)
Why?
![Page 161: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/161.jpg)
Why?
- New Guineans are noticeably physically different from other Austronesians
![Page 162: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/162.jpg)
- New Guineans are noticeably physically different from other Austronesians
New Guineans Maori
![Page 163: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/163.jpg)
- New Guineans speak l________ not closely related to ancient Austronesian languages
![Page 164: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/164.jpg)
- New Guineans speak languages not closely related to ancient Austronesian languages
![Page 165: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/165.jpg)
So, why didn’t Austronesians “conquer” New Guinea?
![Page 166: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/166.jpg)
- New Guineans already had some agriculture
So, why didn’t Austronesians “conquer” New Guinea?
![Page 167: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/167.jpg)
- New Guineans already had some agriculture
=Te__________
So, why didn’t Austronesians “conquer” New Guinea?
![Page 168: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/168.jpg)
- New Guineans already had some agriculture
=Technology
So, why didn’t Austronesians “conquer” New Guinea?
![Page 169: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/169.jpg)
Technology ——>
![Page 170: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/170.jpg)
Technology
Political organization
——>
![Page 171: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/171.jpg)
Technology
Political organization
——>
Also…
![Page 172: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/172.jpg)
Technology
Political organization
——>
Resistance to t_______ diseases like malaria Also…
![Page 173: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/173.jpg)
Technology
Political organization
——>
Resistance to tropical diseases like malaria Also…
![Page 174: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/174.jpg)
New Guineans’ advances in agriculture protected them from both…
![Page 175: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/175.jpg)
New Guineans’ advances in agriculture protected them from both…
Ancient Au_________ expansion
![Page 176: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/176.jpg)
New Guineans’ advances in agriculture protected them from both…
Ancient Austronesian expansion
![Page 177: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/177.jpg)
New Guineans’ advances in agriculture protected them from both…
Ancient Austronesian expansion
European colonization in the modern era
![Page 178: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/178.jpg)
Differences in the colonization of different Austronesian islands
![Page 179: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/179.jpg)
Differences in the colonization of different Austronesian islands
Explains the importance of agriculture in a
society’s ability to c________ other places
![Page 180: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/180.jpg)
Differences in the colonization of different Austronesian islands
Explains the importance of agriculture in a
society’s ability to colonize other places
![Page 181: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/181.jpg)
Agriculture
![Page 182: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/182.jpg)
Agriculture = huge advantage
![Page 183: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/183.jpg)
It gives people …
Agriculture = huge advantage
![Page 184: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/184.jpg)
t_________
It gives people …
Agriculture = huge advantage
![Page 185: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/185.jpg)
technology
It gives people …
Agriculture = huge advantage
![Page 186: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/186.jpg)
technology organization
It gives people …
Agriculture = huge advantage
![Page 187: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/187.jpg)
Agriculture =
It gives people …
technology organization germs
huge advantage
![Page 188: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/188.jpg)
Result:
![Page 189: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/189.jpg)
Austronesian islands where colonization largely failed already had their own forms of __________
Result:
![Page 190: Guns, Germs, and Steelsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg_s-keynote_lec… · Myanmar Cambodia. Reason: Reason: People of many Southeast A____ countries . ... Diffusion](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011909/5f6caee9dcb12551f324ac97/html5/thumbnails/190.jpg)
Austronesian islands where colonization largely failed already had their own forms of agriculture
Result: