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INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS: DEVELOPING A ROADMAP FOR GENDER AND MINING

Blue Pearl Hotel, Dar es Salaam, TanzaniaJune 15th and 16th, 2010

Prepared By:

Jennifer HintonSusan Wagner

Submitted To:

World Bank, Oil, Gas and Mining Policy DivisionTanzanian Ministry of Energy and Minerals (MEM)

July 30th, 2010

International Workshop Proceedings:Developing a Roadmap for Gender Equity in Mining

United Republic of Tanzania, Ministry of Energy and Minerals/ 2World Bank / BGR


1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARYReal development requires that the full potential of both women and men be realized and their human rights are respected. Accordingly, most governments do recognize gender equity as a cross-cutting development priority and, through their poverty reduction strategies, they call upon key stakeholders – government, private sector and civil society – in all sectors to take action to promote gender equity through their activities. As a major player in local and national development of many countries, the minerals sector is well positioned to increase their sustainable development contributions through gender responsive policies and programs.

In recognition of this, the Tanzanian Ministry of Energy and Minerals (MEM) in partnership with the World Bank and German Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) supported for the International Workshop: Developing a Roadmap for Gender Equity in Mining held in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania on June 15th and 16th, 2010. By bringing together women and men from artisanal mining, mining companies, civil society, government, development partners and others from more than ten countries, the Workshop captured diverse views and experiences in order to forge a shared vision of gender equity in the mineral sector.

Through participatory dialogue and sharing of knowledge and experience from Tanzanians and those representing a host of countries, specific action items and solutions were put forward, laying the groundwork for a viable plan of action to support objectives of Tanzania’s Mineral Policy (2009) and other national poverty reduction strategies.

Among notable conclusions, it was emphasized that: Women and men involved in mining, either directly and indirectly, face similar and different

challenges and constraints. Furthermore, men generally receive the greater proportion of benefits from mining, while women face a disproportionate number of its negative impacts.

Understanding and effectively responding to gender-differentiated constraints and opportunities is crucial to ensuring that mining policies, programmes and interventions actually serve to support development and address (rather than worsen) gender inequalities.

Although equal access and participation is important, it does not necessarily result in equal benefits. Additional efforts are needed in terms of, not only mobilization, but in designing, implementing and providing services and assistance at the local level.

The Ministry of Energy and Minerals (MEM) has demonstrated sincere commitment to take a lead in promoting gender equity in mining. Through SMMRP activities and those ongoing with MEM, they are very well positioned to set an international standard for others to follow.

The Workshop culminated in a clear roadmap to gender equity in the minerals sector. Turning this framework into a plan of action is a critical next step for change to be realized on the ground. Although the Roadmap represents hallmark outcome, follow-up action is critical. This should include:

Engendering the Mineral Policy Implementation Strategy. Fully engendering the Mineral Policy and its implementation plan as well as activities supported under the SMMRP, the foundation can be laid for long-term progress towards gender equity in the Tanzanian Minerals Sector.

Development of a Gender Action Plan. The recommendations and action items, as well as responsible parties, specified during the workshop should be turned into a time-bound action plan for dissemination to stakeholders and affirmation of commitments to action.

Implementation and Evaluation of Responses to Practical and Strategic Gender Needs. Mobilization and dedication of human and financial resources are needed to turn commitments into action. Monitoring and evaluation of these efforts will serve to inform changes and improvements to the Action Plan.

As stated by Mr. David Jairo, Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Energy and Minerals, “mere formulation of policies does not mean much if each person, as individuals, does nothing to address gender inequalities in their daily lives.” Whether an individual, community, government agency or any organization, taking these words to heart and turning them into action is a step in the right direction – a step towards fulfilment of human rights and real progress towards sustainable development.



TABLE OF CONTENTSEXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2TABLE OF CONTENTS 3ACRONYMS 41 INTRODUCTION 5

1.1 Objectives 51.2 Agenda 5

2 PROCEEDINGS 72.1 Official Opening Session 7

2.1.1 Official Opening, Mr. David K. Jairo, Permanent Secretary, MEM 72.1.2 Mainstreaming Gender in the SMMRP, Mr. John Nayopa, Project Coordinator 8

2.2 Breakout Sessions: The Gender Dimension of Critical Issues 102.3 Sharing International Experiences 13

2.3.1 Engaging with Community Women to Improve Development Outcomes in PNG 142.3.2 Gender and Gemstones in Afghanistan 152.3.3 Gender and ASM in Tanzania: The Merelani Tanzanite Mines 162.3.4 Gender and ASM in Mozambique: The Manica Gold Mines 172.3.5 Gender and ASM in Lao PDR: The Phathen Valley Tin Mines 18

2.4 Keynote Address: Tanzania’s Gender Policy and National Gender Strategy 192.5 Panel: Towards Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women 20

2.5.1 Tanzania Women Miners’ Association (TAWOMA) 212.5.2 Gender Perspectives on Community Development: African Barrick Gold Ltd. 212.5.3 Gender Equity Approaches: Uganda Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development

222.5.4 Financing Opportunities for Micro- and Small Enterprises in Tanzania 232.5.5 Meeting Community Health Needs: A Gender Perspective from Ministry of Health23

2.6 Breakout Sessions: Towards a Roadmap 242.6.1 Engendering the Implementation Strategy for the National Mineral Policy 242.6.2 Gender-Responsive Outreach and Extension Services to Mining Communities 252.6.3 Engendering Partnerships to Address Health and Development Needs 272.6.4 Building Gender-Responsive Organizations in Mining Communities 28

2.7 Closing Session: A Roadmap Towards Gender Equity in Mining 292.7.1 Towards a Roadmap for Gender Equity in Mining 292.7.2 Official Closing, Mr. Hamis Komba, Deputy Commissioner for Minerals, MEM 30

3 CONCLUSIONS 313.7.1 Critical Next Steps 31

ANNEX ONE: LIST OF PARTICIPANTS 33



2 ACRONYMSABG African Barrick Gold LimitedASM Artisanal and Small Scale Mining

BGR Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural ResourcesCBO Community Based Organizations

CSR Cooperate Social ResponsibilityEIA Environmental Impact Assessment

GDP Growth Domestic ProductGST Geological Survey of Tanzania

HIV/AIDS Human Immune Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency SyndromeIDA International Development Agency

LGA Local Government AuthorityLSM Large Scale Mining

MCDGC Ministry of Community Development, Gender and ChildrenMDF Mineral Development Fund

MEM Ministry of Energy and MineralsMLEYD Ministry of Labour, Employment and Youth Development

MOFEA Ministry of Finance and Economic AffairsNGO Non-Governmental Organization

PMO Prime Minister’s OfficePMU Project Management Unit

PS Permanent Secretary PSIA Participatory Social Impact Assessment

REMAS Regional Mines Associations RMO Resident Mines Office

RS Regional SecretariatSACCOS Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies

SIDO Small Scale Industries Development OrganizationSMMRP Sustainable Management of Mineral Resources

STDs Sexually Transmitted DiseasesTACC Training and Awareness Campaign Committee

TAWOMA Tanzania Women Miners’ AssociationTCM Tanzania Chamber of Mines

UN United NationsUNDP United Nation Development Program

UPATU Revolving Group Savings and Credit SchemesVICOBA Village Cooperative Banks

WB World BankZMO Zonal Mines Office



3 INTRODUCTIONReal development requires that the full potential of both women and men be realized and their human rights are respected. Accordingly, most governments do recognize gender equity as a cross-cutting development priority and, through their poverty reduction strategies, call upon key stakeholders – government, private sector and civil society – in all sectors to take action to promote gender equity through their activities. As a major player in local and national development of many countries, the minerals sector is well positioned to increase their sustainable development contributions through gender responsive policies and programs.

In recognition of this, the Tanzanian Ministry of Energy and Minerals (MEM) in partnership with the World Bank and German Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) provided support for an International Workshop: Developing a Roadmap for Gender Equity in Mining held in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania on June 15th and 16th, 2010. By bringing together women and men from artisanal mining, mining companies, civil society, government, development partners and others from more than ten countries, the Workshop captured diverse views and experiences in order to forge a shared vision of gender equity in the mineral sector.

3.1 ObjectivesThe main objectives of the International Workshop were to:

Identify and understand critical gender issues and different constraints and opportunities for women and men in artisanal, small and large scale mining;

Share international experiences related to gender and mining with the intent of identifying viable strategies to mainstream gender and promote gender equality in communities, companies and government; and

Develop a Roadmap and national platform for action founded on viable strategies to address gender inequalities through policy, partnerships and interventions;

In addition, the event created an invaluable opportunity for women and men miners, mining companies, civil society, government, development partners and other stakeholders to develop essential partnerships and collaborations to jointly promote gender equity.

3.2 AgendaThe interactive, multi-stakeholder workshop built upon the diverse knowledge, attitudes and experiences of all participants through the format outlined in Fig. 1 and detailed in Table 1.


Introduction to key issues in gender and

mining

Tanzanian Government

commitments to Promotion of

Gender Equity in Mining

Participatory Breakout Groups:

Mining claimsEntrepreneurialismSocio-economic

impacts & benefitsOrganizations

Issues, Constraints and Opportunities

Official Opening

Figure One: International Workshop Agenda – Towards a Roadmap

Gender Dimension of Critical Issues

International Experiences

Presentations and

Plenary Discussions:

Papua New GuineaTanzaniaMozambiqueAfghanistanLao PDR

Main Lessons & Recommendations

Models of Excellence

Presentations and Plenary Discussions:

Barrick Ltd.Govt of UgandaBusiness

DevelopmentTAWOMA

Main Lessons & Recommendations

Roadmap for Gender Equity

Participatory Breakout Groups:

Mining PolicyOutreach and

Extension PartnershipsOrganizations

Action Items & Recommendations

COMMITMENT TO ACTION

TOWARDS A ROADMAPDay One Day Two


Table One: Workshop Agenda

TIME TOPIC/ACTIVITY PRESENTER / FACILITATORTuesday, June 16th Morning Session Chair: Christopher Sheldon, World Bank

9:00 - 9:45 am Introductory Session: Basic Gender Concepts J. Hinton / S. Wagner, World Bank Consultants

9:45 - 10:00 am Conference Programme and Objectives C. Sheldon, World Bank10:00-10:20 am Official Opening Mr. D.K. Jairo

Permanent Secretary, MEM10:20-10:40 am Presentation: Mainstreaming Gender in MEM’s

Sustainable Management of Mineral Resources Project (SMMRP)

Project Coordinator, SMMRP, MEM

10:40-11:00 am Tea Break11:00 - 1:00 pm The Gender Dimension of Critical Issues. Breakout sessions on:

Group 1: Mining claims and operation - access, control and ownershipGroup 2: Entrepreneurialism and Upstream, lateral and downstream activitiesGroup 3: Socio-economic impacts and benefits of mining.Group 4: Organization of ASM and communities around large mines

1:00 - 2:00 pm LunchAfternoon Session Chair: John Nayopa, SMMRP

2:00 - 3:00 pm Reporting back key lessons, opportunities, constraints and recommendations for action.

J. Hinton, World Bank Consultant

3:00 - 4:45 pm Panel: Sharing international experiencesEngaging Women to Improve Development Outcomes in Mining Sector, Papua New Guinea

A. Eftimie, World Bank

Merelani Tanzanite Mines, Tanzania S. Wagner, World Bank ConsultantManica Gold Mines, Mozambique N. Mutemeri, World Bank ConsultantPhathen Valley Tin Mines, Lao PDR S. Insouvanh World Bank ConsultantAdding Value to Gemstones , Afghanistan S. Swire, Consultant

4:45 - 5:00 pm Plenary Wrap Up: Informing the Roadmap K. Heller, World Bank Consultant7:00 - 10:00 pm Conference Banquet

Keynote Address: Tanzania’s Gender Policy and National Gender Strategy

Mr. A. Ndyalusa, Rep. of Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Community Development, Gender and Children

Wednesday, June 16th

Morning Session Chair: Rogers Ssezinga9:00 - 10:30 am Panel: Towards Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women

Tanzania Women Miners Association, TAWOMA

E. Negele, TAWOMA

Barrick Community Development Program F. Kyesi, Africa Barrick Gold Ltd.Financing Opportunities for Micro- and small- Enterprises

W. S. Ndolezi, Small Industries Development Organization (SIDO)

Ugandan Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development: Promotion of Gender Equity through Projects, Policy and Programmes

J. Hinton, World Bank Consultant

Meeting Community Health Needs S. Mnaliwa, Ministry of Health10:30-10:50 Tea Break

11:00 - 1:00 pm Mainstreaming Gender in Critical Areas. Breakout Groups on:Group 1: Mining Policy and LegislationGroup 2: Outreach and extension services to mining communitiesGroup 3: Partnerships to address essential health and development needs.Group 4: Engagement in organizations (companies, associations, cooperatives, etc)

12:30 - 1:30 pm LunchAfternoon Session Chair: Adriana Eftimie, World Bank1:30 - 2:30 pm Reporting back key lessons, opportunities,

constraints and recommendations for action.J. Hinton, World Bank Consultant

3:00 - 4:30 pm A National Roadmap: Plenary Discussion A. Eftimie, World Bank



4:30 - 4:45 pm Official Closing The Permanent Secretary, MEM



4 PROCEEDINGSThe two-day intensive workshop was highlighted by engaging presentations, insightful dialogue, peer-to-peer learning and participatory discussions with the central objective of informing development of a Roadmap for Gender Equity in Mining.

4.1 Official Opening SessionChaired by Mr. Christopher Sheldon of the World Bank, the opening workshop session rapidly brought the importance of the gender dimension of mining to the forefront, providing an invaluable foundation for subsequent deliberations. The session further illustrated high levels of commitment on the part of the Government of Tanzania and, in particular, the Ministry of Energy and Minerals (MEM) and affirmed that Tanzania is likely to become a prominent international example for promotion of gender equity in the minerals sector.

4.1.1 Official Opening, Mr. David K. Jairo, Permanent Secretary, MEMExpressing his sincere appreciation to World Bank and BGR, Mr. Jairo stated his pride that this workshop was the first of its kind to be held in Tanzania and perhaps Africa. Mr. Jairo stressed that “women’s participation in mining sector is becoming more critical than before” given intense growth over the past decade, not only in terms of large scale operations but in terms of artisanal and small scale mine development also.

Tanzania’s mineral endowments include a significant number of economic ore deposits of gold; nickel; copper; coal; iron ore; a variety of gemstones (including diamonds and tanzanite); and strategic industrial minerals such as gypsum and limestone. Mining is an important source of foreign exchange revenues and its proper management has become of paramount significance for the Government of Tanzania.

Increased benefits from mining to the people of Tanzania are directly supported by the new Mineral Policy (2009) and Mining Act (2010) that advance opportunities such as:

Creation of sector linkages to other sectors of the economy;

Small scale mining development;

Creation of value addition;

Capacity building and skills development;

Improvement of investment environment; etc.

To strengthen the management of the mineral sector further, the government is currently implementing the Sustainable Management of Mineral Resources Project (SMMRP), an important component of which relates to improved environmental and social management.

Despite much progress, Mr. Jairo elaborated that the minerals sector is still marked by severe gender imbalances. He elaborated that gender refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviour, activities and attributes that a particular society considers appropriate for men and women. These distinct roles, behaviours and beliefs may give rise to gender inequalities in both status and access to mineral rights as well as benefits accruing from the mineral sector.


Photo One: Christopher Sheldon of the World Bank and MEM Permanent Secretary,

Mr. David Jairo at the Official Workshop Opening


In Tanzania and around the globe, mining is still characterized by the following: Mining-related benefits, such as employment and income, are largely captured by men

whereas environmental and social risks tend to fall mainly upon women; Inequality of employment rates for women in mining communities; Increase in dependency and unethical and risky undertakings like prostitution by

females to compensate loss in productive land or traditional livelihoods. This can lead to direct and indirect health risks for women, including STDs and HIV/AIDS.

Increase in domestic and social violence due to changed family roles, income levels and social stress.

Tanzania is now experiencing a paradigm shift in terms of gender. The Government is affording special consideration to women in mining activities, which is further supported by a new Mineral Policy. “We all understand the economic benefits associated with distributing equally the mineral wealth between both men and women”. A woman takes care of every member of the family and “if you educate a woman; you have educated the whole family.” Mr. Jairo recognized that the mere formulation of policies does not mean much if each person, as an individual, does nothing to address gender inequalities in their daily lives.

Mr. Jairo closed by stating that MEM, acting on behalf of Government, commits itself to support all necessary initiatives to improve gender equity in mining activities in Tanzania. He expressed confidence that the Workshop will culminate in a Roadmap for Gender Equity in Mining and stressed that addressing gender issues are of utmost importance, not only to the mineral sector in Tanzania, but to every endeavour that we undertake.

4.1.2 Mainstreaming Gender in the SMMRP, Mr. John Nayopa, Project CoordinatorThe Sustainable Management of Mineral Resources Project (SMMRP) is a 5-year technical assistance project (2009-2014) financed by an IDA credit of US$ 50 million and the Government of Tanzania (US$ 5 million). The project is coordinated by the Ministry of Energy and Minerals (MEM) through the Minerals Division of the Geological Survey of Tanzania (GST). Main objectives of the SMMRP are to:

Strengthen the Government’s capacity to manage the mineral sector

Improve the Socio-economic impacts of large and small scale mining

Enhance private local and foreign investment in the mineral sector

The SMMRP consists of four main components: (i) Improve the Benefits of the Mineral Sector of Tanzania; (ii) Strengthen Governance and Transparency in Mining; (iii) Stimulate Mineral Sector Investment; and (iv) Project Coordination, Management, Monitoring and Evaluation. Through a range of activities, the SMMRP seeks to increase income levels in selected ASM communities, increase community participation in local economic development strategic planning, increase capacity to streamline mining activities and increase investment.

Mr. Nayopa elaborated the importance of gender in achieving SMMRP objectives. He recognized that men generally capture most mining benefits, such as employment and income, while women face a disproportionate amount of environmental and social risks (dislocation from agriculture lands, pressure on water supply etc).

He stated that men’s participation in mining can increase domestic and social violence due to changed income levels, social stress and increased alcohol abuse while women bear the brunt of domestic and social violence and experience increased pressure due to changing family roles. Although men are primarily the ones migrating to mining areas, the impacts of this can be seen throughout families and communities, notably among the most vulnerable and marginalized members of the community, mainly women, the elderly and children. Furthermore,



men make up the majority of mine owners, workers, suppliers and management while women have few employment opportunities in industrial mining operations.



The Mineral Policy (2009) fundamentally promotes women’s participation and prohibition of child labor in mining activities by clearly stipulating the following policy objectives:

To promote participation of women in mining activities;

To ensure programmes related to mining are based on gender equality and equity; and,

To collaborate with the stakeholders to strengthen monitoring and enforcement of laws and regulations on child labor in mining activities.

The SMMRP will promote inclusion, enhance social accountability and governance with a view to achieving increased productivity and better development outcomes in mining areas.

The SMMRP will include training on how to better engage community groups, redress gender inequalities and provide more direct and indirect employment opportunities for men and women. By developing a consultation strategy, a social accountability plan and gender-sensitive policy reforms, the project will foster sustainable and gender-sensitive benefit sharing in community programs as well as good practice in public-private partnerships in mining areas.

Other key components where gender is mainstreamed in the SMMRP include:

Baseline Studies: Artisanal and small scale mining (ASM) baselines and large-scale mining benefits studies at the project’s start will seek to capture the gender dimension of the minerals sector. These assessments will be replicated at Project completion to assess progress towards gender-sensitive socio-economic impacts and benefits.

Extension Services: Zonal Mines Officers and Resident Mines Officers will provide assistance on issues such as mining, processing technology, financial management, environment and health, community consultation, gender, organization and formalization of artisanal mining activities.

Approaches shall be holistic, incorporating cross-cutting issues such as gender, environment, HIV/AIDS and vulnerable groups (e.g. albinos).

Environmental and Social Programs: The Participatory Social Impact Assessment (PSIA) will be used to develop governance and social accountability indicators and recommend measures to mitigate any potentially adverse impacts.

Best practice Environmental and social guidelines and codes of practice shall be prepared for issues such as mine closure, small-scale mining and mercury, consultation and gender.

Awareness and Communication Efforts: Ongoing communication with and improved awareness of key stakeholders is fundamental. This shall target a range of government ministries and local authorities, academic and financial institutions, development partners, private sector, local NGOs and civil society as well as the media and international bodies and institutions.

Gender issues will also be included in the Monitoring and Evaluation Strategy at various levels and using a range of methods. In summary:


Photo Two: Mr. John Nayopa emphasizes how SMMRP will promote gender equity in mining.


Level Gender Issues Methods/ToolsCommunity Level: Village Committee and Leaders, CBO members and SPs.

Gender participation, HIV/AIDs Education/Promotion

Community Meetings; Inspection observation discussions, application form, FMP RMO/ZMO reports FSP & TSP reports

LGA Level:DSC, Councilors SPs

Community response to Local Economic Planning in terms of organization, trust building and

participation

FSP, TSP progress reports, Field visits, Application forms, SWOT reports & Minutes, District strategic economic plan

Ministry of Energy and Minerals

Beneficiary Assessments RS performance reports LGA Quarterly Progress reports, (physical and financial) District W&S plans, field visits Mission Reports.

Mr. Nayopa concluded by stating that gender issues were mainstreamed throughout the SMMRP implementation plan and this workshop provides the best opportunity for stakeholder input on the issue of gender, thereby enriching the activities already planned under SMMRP.

4.2 Breakout Sessions: The Gender Dimension of Critical IssuesParticipants were divided into four separate groups charged with identifying key issues, specific recommendations and responsibilities in response to four separate core questions:

1. What needs to happen to promote gender equity in participation, access, control and ownership of mining claims?

2. How can the empowerment of women be promoted through entrepreneurialism and upstream, downstream and lateral activities to mining?

3. Are the socio-economic benefits of mining (at any scale) equitably distributed between women and men? What specifically should happen to reduce any gender inequalities?

4. What roles can and should local organizations play in ASM and in communities around larger mines? How can they promote gender equality?

Substantive issues derived from these breakout groups are presented in Table Two.

Table Two: Gender Dimension of Critical Issues – Breakout Group Findings

Key Issues Recommendations CommentsGroup One: Promoting Gender Equity in Participation, Access, Control and Ownership of Mining ClaimsLack of knowledge (value of minerals, methods, business skills, how to get a license etc).

Capacity building with special emphasis on women:small business traininggeology and mining; mineral identification and valuation; marketing and price information

MEM via the ACSSM Unit and other Development Partners should provide extension services and make sure both women and men benefit from them.

Lack of appropriate mining and processing equipments.Inability to access credits

Establish credit schemes for ASM.

MEM working with Development partners, Financial institutions and NGOs to develop programs

Lack of business information Make necessary information available using websites, posters, flyers, SMS through mobile phones, TVs, radio and newspapers

Key implementers include: MEM, Ministry of Industries, Media, NGOs, Mining Associations, Religious leaders and Village leaders

Lack of social services and infrastructure

Ensure basic social/infrastructure services in mining centers. Promote mobile social welfare centers in mining

Ministry of Health with MEM, Ministry of Infrastructure, Local Government Authority and Private operators



Key Issues Recommendations Commentsrush areas

Group Two: Promoting empowerment of women through entrepreneurialism and upstream, downstream and lateral activities to mining.

Summary Comments from Participants: Women have trouble convincing the husband/man to allow them to do business. They are not

“free” in the household to participate. To get finance, borrowing needs collateral and women have to beg and plead with their

husbands and get consent to work. Women are under the husbands. Married women are not free (even to determine number of children) while single women and

even widows are their own heads of households (“I am the boss, I decide what to do”). Single women are somehow free but widows have same and different needs and can suffer

rejection and confidence issues. Widows should form groups to get government support. Men should allow their wives to participate in business. Men need education and seminars to

change their attitudes. Women also need this sensitization and training.

Cross cutting issues: Disintegration of family Social cultural attitudes Married women are not free Mindset Women are not united

Education of men and women through gender training to empower women and change attitudes in the household, community and at the mine site.Ensure policies/laws promote women’s participation and leadershipRun slogan campaign,Highlight women’s success stories, especially in mining and mining communities (by MEM)

MEM, CSOs, FBOs NGOs and associations should do this education.

Availability and access to equipments and start up costs. Small mine production is variable and can take a long time to produce.

Government must understand special consideration in financing small scale mining.

MEM, Small Scale Industrial Development Organization (SIDO) and NGOs.

Skills training management business

Government to conduct special outreach to women.

MEM including GST as well as mining companies

Women need access to equipment, financing, collateral and freedom.

Don’t know how/why/who for technical assessments (feasibility studies) so can’t get funding.

Training extension servicesSpecial outreach to women

Different levels of support should be given to goods and service providers compared to miners

MEM GST and zonal/regional offices.

Available areas for licenses: Artisanal miners were there

first but were chased off. Don’t have geology

information on good areas Huge areas are already

covered by big companies. There aren’t really areas available for ASM licensing.

Government to provide Geological Data (where to mine), as well as Technical Training and Business skills (particularly to women in mining areas)

Maximum license areas per company.

Companies should share information (e.g. about suitable deposits for ASM) and

MEM GST and zonal/regional offices.

Mining and exploration companies



Key Issues Recommendations Commentsgovernment should bring it to women miners’ groups

Group Three: Ensuring that socio-economic benefits of mining (at any scale) are equitably distributed between women and menSummary Comments from Participants:

Men’s Roles in Home/Community include watching TV/World Cup, playing cards, boozing, socializing with friends at pubs (kijiweni), taking about politics, looking for new friends (girls and men), mobilizing money for food and making decisions and decision making guidelines

Women’s Roles in Home/Community include service giving, family caring, preparing food, fetching water, serving food, caring for sick, childbearing, talking about family issues, receiving decisions from men.

Women and Men have similar roles in agriculture (production, harvesting, storage, hauling to market) but men also have the role of supervising money from farming.

Men’s Roles in Mining include miners/owners, sellers, managers and they work long hours. Women’s Roles in Mining include service providers and miners. Few are owners or marketers

(sellers). They also work long hours. They are kept from working in some areas (e.g. underground) and have limited access to credit and limited security.

Benefits from Mining: Some benefits are equal (if sourced from government) but most are not equal, especially in case of land. Men have more chances of professional employment but have higher expenditures. Women have less money and authority and have to play double roles (in household and work).

Socio-economic Benefits and Impacts generally unequal

Need Policies towards gender equality. Put in place a gender sensitive legal framework and implement it

Enough resources need to be allocated for translating policy into action

Make affirmative action to empower both men and women within the mining industry so as to ensure equal opportunity

Give access to credit to women

Link up with investors from other countries to show case Tanzania products.

Mineral Policy is there but the mining community is not yet supplied with manuscript

Need to Change the altitude and start working together.

Leaders should do their responsibilities since they represent others in policy making

Children do not go to school when involved in mining

Put in law whereby the community at large will stop children from mining activities

A serious sensitization to the community on child labour

Sensitize community to move with their family (when men migrate) to the mining centers

Women impacted by environment degradation more than men.

Make environmental conservation and management regulations and enforce it to ensure inclusion of women

Safeguards Mining process Safety/Security Police force Community militia



Key Issues Recommendations Comments Community safety system.

Group Four: Creating strong, effective and gender responsive organizations in mining areasNeed to increase voices of vulnerable men and women through organizations

Form united strong effective associations and affiliate to chamber of mines (small organizations within the mining company)

Conduct demonstration to address the issues.

Provide knowledge and information sharing through publications media, e-mails telephones study tours networking

MEM should develop a gender policy in mining and implement it

Ministry of Education should encourage females to take studies related to the mining sector by providing special bursary for females

Women organizations should support women to take up studies related to the mining sector

Big mining companies, as part of their corporate social responsibility (CSR) programs, should encourage and support women to take up work in the mining sector

UNDP and other donors to also do the above

Local organization and miners associations should encourage and support female education in mining related courses.

The local community should change mindset on gender issues

Influential and knowledgeable people (e.g. traditional chiefs) should play an important role in supporting gender issues

Members of Parliament from mining regions should be involved in supporting gender issues in mining

Religious leaders should be involved in supporting gender issues in mining

People living abroad should be involved in supporting gender issues

Tanzania Chamber Of Mines (TCM) should encourage and support gender mainstreaming

Making organizations effective and gender responsive

Formulate deliberate policies/ratifications/ constitutions

Sensitizing women to be confident and assertive Introduce the quarter system for female intake in mining education

Introduce special scholarship/bursary programme for females for mining related courses

Give equal access to opportunities and resources

Sensitize men to see women as equal partners

4.3 Sharing International ExperiencesCompared to large scale, industrial mining (LSM), women typically play a much greater direct role in mineral production in artisanal and small scale mining (ASM). ASM is largely informal, un-mechanized and characterized by many serious health and environmental risks. International experiences from Afghanistan, Papua New Guinea (PNG), Tanzania, Mozambique



and Lao PDR provide insight into the nature of gender issues in both LSM and ASM and potential value added opportunities for women, in particular.

4.3.1 Engaging with Community Women to Improve Development Outcomes in PNGMs. Adriana Eftimie of the World Bank’s Oil, Gas and Mining Policy Division gave a presentation on how development outcomes in the mining sector have significantly improved in Papua New Guinea (PNG) through specific strategies and efforts to engage women in communities around mines. These activities were undertaken through the “Papua New Guinea Women and Mining Initiative”, which was prompted by a 2001 Sustainable Mining Conference in Madang, PNG. During the event in PNG, it became clearly evident that, of the 150 participants from government, industry and 10 mining communities, women’s voices were notably silent, an outcome attributed to cultural restrictions on women speaking in men’s meetings.

In the 2003 “Women in Mining Conference” in Madang, PNG, women from mining areas from around the country were brought together to examine the positive and negative impacts of mining on women. With a theme of “Giving Community Women a Voice”, it emerged that most benefits of mining (employment and income) accrue to men, while women bear the brunt of risks or harm. Furthermore, it became clear that even where there was increased income due to mining, increased income did not necessarily equal to improved quality of life. Direct impacts of mining identified by participants included loss of gardens and subsistence agriculture as well as environmental damage (such as reduced water quality); indirect impacts identified included family abuse, violence, alcoholism, prostitution, social disruption, STDs, and cultural harm. Participants noted that most of these disproportionately impacted women. Specifically, “men were the winners and women were the losers.”

Lessons learned from the PNG event resulted in strategies to support economic and social empowerment of women and improved wellbeing related to health, education, safety and security. Actions for mining companies, governments and communities themselves were identified by female participants. The event clearly demonstrated that, given an opportunity and formal process to do so, women could come up with their own strategies to improve their lives.

Over the two years following this event, the initiative worked with Mine Women’s Associations (MWAs), who expanded their activities and membership and engaged with mining companies. Working with MWAs, the companies:

Appointed gender officers to address women’s issues in the workforce and community;

Provided funding for the development of women’s skills and businesses;

Provided training in literacy, hygiene, nutrition and food handling; and

Initiated an HIV/AIDS awareness campaign.

A crucial lesson learned was that the “mining companies can be the key agents of gender improvements in the community” and they actually derived greater development benefits from their community programs by making special efforts to consult women and support their activities and priorities!

A 2005 follow-up conference highlighted the progress of companies, but the relative inaction of government, culminating in a National Women in Mining (WIM) Action Plan, inclusive of five-year action plans for each of the mining communities, which have been approved by PNG cabinet. The 2005 event also affirmed that empowerment of

United Republic of Tanzania, Ministry of Energy and Minerals/ 17World Bank / BGRPhoto Three: Adriana Eftimie highlights the

remarkable progress towards gender equity in mining in Papua New Guinea .


women’s groups can be achieved through genuine engagement, building their trust and responsiveness to self-identified priorities

Follow-up activities include JSDF Grants for “Self-reliance Programs for Women in Mining and Petroleum Areas”; Training-of-Trainers, capacity building for women’s associations and groups and outreach programs. Furthermore, a 2010 Women in Mining and Petroleum Conference included almost 400 participants, mainly from women’s associations and groups, as well as including approximately 30% men from mining communities, the private sector and government. Local level action plans were developed, inclusive of programs to be undertaken for the community benefit. Next steps include a $2 million USD component under a second Technical Assistance Project to PNG to support implementation of the National WIM Action Plan as well as a small grants scheme for business development.

A major lesson from the previous decade was that continuation of a dedicated project team helped grow and improve the program and resulted in long-lasting development impacts, particularly with respect to the improved lives of mining community women. This included:

Increased women’s businesses (through training and support including micro credit)

Better working conditions and more mine employment for women (through affirmative action programs)

Greater voice for women in community affairs and how company community funds are spent

More women’s community projects funded

Improved well being (health, education, safety, security)

Improved literacy for community women

Help and counselling for women victims of abuse

The lessons learned from PNG are a remarkable example for Tanzania and any country seeking to promote gender equity through responsible mineral development.

4.3.2 Gender and Gemstones in AfghanistanMs. Sophia Swire, Senior Gemstones Advisor in Afghanistan, gave a presentation providing an insightful model of how women’s employment in the gemstone and jewellery sectors can be increased in Afghanistan as one way to increase the benefits from women from mining. In areas close to Afghanistan's gemstone mines, the Rupani Foundation, Aga Khan Foundation and GTZ are now teaching local men and women how to cut, polish and facet gemstones and set them in simple jewellery. However, the quality of workmanship is still below international standards.

Recognizing that skills enhancement, design input and product development are needed to prepare Afghan women jewelers for the export market, the World Bank and Afghanistan’s Ministry of Mines are implementing a project with the following priorities:

To provide better training to semi-skilled female gem-cutters and jewelers through an apprenticeship program in Jaipur (to be implemented in near future).

To make legislative changes to remove unnecessary impediments to sector growth (export streamlining, legalization etc) - for both women and men – as soon as possible

To Support women in accessing micro-loans and credit and ongoing business development skills training (within the next 6 months)

To establish a Women’s Gem-Cutting and Jeweler Association (within 6 months)



To establish the Kabul Lapidary and Gem-Cutting school, Kabul Rock School, with women-only courses, production unit and retail space. This will take 12-18 months to establish, including new buildings, from the start of the project

To coordinate with NGO's and private sector companies to ensure maximum use of knowledge and resources by establishing a Gemstone Sector Working Group with quarterly meeting at the Ministry of Mines, Project Management Unit (PMU) as soon as possible and ongoing.



The Ministry of Mines plans to work in co-operation with NGO's to establish successful, long-term programs to develop women’s vocational skills in jewellery and gem-cutting. Important aspects include intensive follow-up and a realistic understanding that, due to cultural constraints, only a small percentage of women can participate in these programs, and only at specific points in the value chain. Further training and skills enhancement is required and should be targeted to women from families that are already active in the gemstone sector. Successful entrepreneurs have a vested interest in their businesses success and are less likely to force women to drop out of the sector once their trainings are complete.

Where women are capable of producing good quality already, (such as students at Turquoise Mountain School), the international community can help by matching established jewellery designers with Afghan women manufacturers and by buying women-made, Afghan handicrafts.

The Ministry of Mines is also in the process of supporting and coordinating with existing enterprise development initiatives, like Turquoise Mountain, the Rupani Foundation, Afghan Luminous Sun, Women for Women, Sultan Razia Gem-Cutting Company and other women-focused jewellery initiatives.

Progress shall be made by earmarking funds for women in the gemstone sector and creating strong monitoring systems to ensure funds are used appropriately. At all stages in the development program local communities, men and women, must be educated about the program and invited to consult and participate in decision-making processes.

4.3.3 Gender and ASM in Tanzania: The Merelani Tanzanite MinesWorld Bank Gender Consultant Susan Wagner provided a revealing overview of gender issues in the Merelani Tanzanite Mines in Manyara Region, Simanjiro District. With history of tanzanite production spanning decades, Merelani Township’s population of 48,889 strongly relies on tanzanite production, both directly and indirectly. Specifically, the economic performance of a large number of hotels, shops, salons and markets – and employment opportunities, goods and services these provide – fluctuate with tanzanite production and market prices.

Mineral production has also had a substantial impact on the indigenous Maasai people, who traditionally relied solely on the pastoral economy. Currently, many Maasai men are engaged directly in mining while women play roles in re-working mine tailings in search of low-grade tanzanite and selling goods to miners. These changes have enabled Maasai men to increase the number of cattle and buy motorcycles while women typically use revenues to educate their children and meet other household needs.

The majority of the mining area workforce, however, consists of nearly 10,000 mostly older boys and young men who come from across Tanzania in search of a means to escape abject poverty. Working long shifts in exchange for daily food and a promised share of tanzanite revenues (10% shared amongst the work group), the work conditions are harsh. Personal protective equipment (e.g. hard hats, shoes, headlamps) is virtually non-existent and most sleep on the ground. In many cases, hitting a tanzanite pocket can take months and even years, relegating many workers to smuggling small and sporadic stones as they find them underground. Given low numbers of women in the mining area, many workers promptly hand over stones to their girlfriends who handpick through waste as they wait for the end-of-shift at the gate. Many women have multiple “suitors”, undoubtedly increasing the risk of HIV/AIDS and other STDs in the area dramatically.

Tanzanite production is primarily semi-mechanized underground mining, inclusive of blasting with explosives, followed by hand picking. Out of 437 licensed areas, less than 10% (40) are owned by women. A number of prominent women and men have been well served with revenues from Tanzanite, setting up businesses within Merelani as well as nearby Arusha and



other cities. The majority of workers, however, face serious challenges in improving their situation.

While extraction (mining) is almost solely done by men, women play a role in re-working mine “waste” together with work in food vending, gemstone trading and service provision. Many women would like the opportunity to work underground but, although the Mining Law does not officially prohibit women from working underground, beliefs about the law and cultural norms have kept them from doing so. In the camp area, women reported numerous cases of harassment, such as men kicking dirt on them, physically and verbally abusing them. The 7 km desolate daily walk to and from Merelani Township poses even greater hazards of rape, physical violence and theft. Women cannot use land as collateral for bank loans without permission from their spouses, and, with lesser skills and experience in valuation, pricing and negotiation, many report being cheated on tanzanite prices.

Although low levels of education, skills, freedom and access to information and credit is pervasive amongst women in the mining area, many of the young men and boys face similar vulnerability challenges. Assistance from MEM, through its zonal and regional offices, in the form of training (legal, technical and business) is needed with a focus on women and vulnerable young men. Partnerships with other financial institutions, cooperatives and NGOs can also help enable access to credit and support improvements in organization, solidarity and team work.

4.3.4 Gender and ASM in Mozambique: The Manica Gold MinesDr. Nellie Mutemeri, a Gender Consultant to the World Bank, gave an insightful presentation on gender issues in gold mining in the Village of Nhamashato, under Mukudu Chiefdom (Regulo), in Manica Province. Within the gold mines, of the six Miners’ Association (total membership ~1300) only 10% of members are women. Not surprisingly, women’s voices are not heard, despite 30% women representation on District Consultative Council and Government efforts to promote women’s “associacoes” (mostly in industrial minerals and matriarchal communities).

Both women and men in Nhamashato are engaged in gold mining however women generally have less control of, and benefits from, minerals and other resources. Although women continue to work long hours in gold processing and service provision, a distinct time disparity resulting from the women’s double bind (i.e. daily obligations to reproductive and productive roles) was observed. Despite unfettered capacity to perform hard labour in other activities, women are excluded from digging activities in the belief that it is too strenuous for them. With fewer skills in mining, coupled with lower literacy rates and cultural traditions favoring men, women also have far fewer opportunities to own mining ventures and establish other enterprises.

Some differences in use of revenues from mining were noted. Women invest their proceeds in other livelihoods and education for their children while men invests in capital goods like bicycles, TVs and radios. Although both men and women undertake mercury amalgamation and burning during processing, the vulnerability of women of child-bearing age and children poses a serious risk.

The Government of Mozambique is currently instituting a Mineral Development Fund (MDF) that focuses on financing and facilitating market access to ASM. With no formal gender


Photo Four: Sharing International Experiences - Women gemstone, gold and industrial mineral miners from

Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia.


equity policy and somewhat ad hoc implementation, coupled with the reality that women lack the necessary documents to apply for mining licenses (e.g. identity documents) and comparatively lower knowledge and skills, they are generally less likely to benefit from the program.

The MDF was cited as an opportunity to formalize ASM while improving gender inequities. Facilitating access to finance through training, providing appropriate financial products for women and better information dissemination by financial institutions will help enable women to participate as entrepreneurs. Critical needs also identified by Dr. Mutemeri include training to improve skills in ASM and alternative livelihoods, appropriate equipment and technology for women, awareness building of health and safety issues (including those related to mercury misuse), and information and services to optimise benefits from ASM.

Furthermore, she stated that broader and deeper consultation and participation is needed in review and development of policies, laws, programs. Women must be empowered to effectively participation in “associacoes” and consultative forums in order to advocate for change and equitable access to capacity building programs. These forums can provide a platform for review of traditions, cultural norms and community practices. Gender analysis is also needed for programs and interventions as they are designed and before they are implemented while cross-cutting measures such improved literacy, understanding of the law and awareness of benefits of empowering women would also serve to redress gender inequalities and increase development benefits from mining.

4.3.5 Gender and ASM in Lao PDR: The Phathen Valley Tin MinesWorld Bank Gender Consultant, Dr. Chansouk Insouvanh undertook in-depth research in the tin mining communities of Phathen Valley of Laos where highly manual and rudimentary methods have been used to mine tin since the early 1900’s. Although the nearly 2,000 local residents are legally allowed to reside on an area leased to a number of companies (the majority of which is held by the Lao-Korea Tin Mining Company), none possess a legal right to mine.

The Company concession area covers 20,000 ha and includes land which traditional ‘belonged’ to local communities. As a result of conflicts in 1996-7, the Company provides basic infrastructure in selected villages and permits community members to mine on the provision that tin products must only sold back to Company. Employment with the Company is almost solely left to men.

Dr. Insouvanh outlined specific working conditions in the villages of Ban Nahi and Ban Muang Khay. In terms of dedicated, year- round activities, although mining is undertaken in family units of 5-8 people, women undertake artisanal mining about 10 months of the year compared to a few months for men. Consequently, women constitute about 70% of the workforce and are highly regarded for their well developed skills and expertise in finding deposits and processing. Unlike many other ASM areas, women and children are engaged in all steps in mineral production, including digging, bagging, hauling, washing and selling while men refrain from manual washing and selling.

Methods are primarily manual (pounding, panning) and yield daily production averaging 0.5-1.5 kg. With a concentrate selling price between 15,000 kip per kilogram (30% tin) and 50,000 kip (60% tin) with per day, the average daily income of a miner is 6,000-45,000 kip per person. Slightly mechanized small scale mines, which are dominated by men, produce between 7-20 kg per day giving an income of ~250,000 kip per person per day.

Both women and men miners often take on multiple livelihoods simultaneously and, in some cases, even women hire male labourers to undertake the work. This coping strategy helps families and individuals mitigate seasonal vulnerabilities and changes in tin price, among other vulnerabilities.



Recommendations put forward relate to development of ASM policies and laws to enable local miners to obtain licenses, provide gender-responsive extension services to miners (training, equipment access), introduce savings programmes and increase women’s access and control of resources, increase the participation of women in local decision-making processes and establish a monitoring system of ASM. The Government and Company are best positioned to support these improvements, while the Company, even in the short-term could contribute through creation of equal employment opportunities for women.

4.4 Keynote Address: Tanzania’s Gender Policy and National Gender StrategyThe International Workshop banquet was highlighted by an informative and affirming address given by Mr. Achellis Rugaiganisa Ndyalusa, the representative of the Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Community Development, Gender and Children (MCDGC). After expressing his appreciation to the World Bank, MEM and BGR for making this workshop possible, he noted the great enthusiasm of MCDGC towards the Workshop objectives.

Investing in women, and ensuring that they are empowered and have economic and social opportunities can significantly improve not only their own conditions, but that of their families and communities as well. And with the mining sector, there are a tremendous opportunity for growth, and an opportunity to equal women’s access to this potential. The Government of Tanzania has put in place a number of policies and programs aimed at improving women’s economic and social empowerment. The Government is signatory to numerous UN conventions assuring women’s rights and protections, and has incorporated women’s empowerment and gender mainstreaming into the national development strategy for 2025. There is also a National Gender Policy and Strategic Plan on Gender – the key objective of this policy is to help ensure that gender is mainstreamed across all sectors and institutions, with the goals of poverty eradication, gender equality and equity, and equal opportunities for both men and women.

The MCDGC is continuously striving to improve the situation for women in Tanzania, although the government still hampered by its capacity to provide institutional support to the mining sector to enable attainment of its mission with gender responsiveness. Challenges include:

Empowerment of both women and men equally in the mining industry on the basis of merit.

Ensuring the mining Legal Framework is gender sensitive.

Strengthening mining Institutional mechanism within a gender perspective.

Ensuring sustainable gender based partnerships and collaboration.

Ensuring adequate resources are available to address gender inequalities in mining.

Citing the diverse range of stakeholders present - representatives of mining communities, industry, government, donors and civil society organizations - he expressed a high degree of hope that many lasting benefits through multi-stakeholder commitment shall be derived from the workshop. The mineral industry/sector has always been considered a ‘men’s domain.’ Globally, and in Tanzania, women often have decreased access to jobs in mines, to decision-making regarding large and small-scale mining, and to the use of resources related to mining. Not only do women often face decreased access to employment in the mining sector, but due to their social roles in communities, they are often faced with more of the risks related to mining – including in the economic, social, and environmental spheres.

However, the mining sector is an important source of wealth and employment. Women must also have opportunities in this sector, for their own rights, but also for the sustainable development and growth of the country. Some international evidence demonstrates that women may even be better employees for certain tasks in mines. Ensuring that women can engage in



mining itself, as well as in related industries – such as catering, uniform production, administration and other small businesses - can create key opportunities.



Priority actions may include improving women’s capacity to become mine owners and operators, addressing cultural factors that restrict their participation, improving women’s access to the offices and resources that would allow them to be more formally engaged, for instance.

Such activities could lead not only to increased employment for women but also to an increase in skilled human capital. Other activities include business training, small business loans and grants, involving women in consultations and decision-making related to mining. By empowering women to be involved in multiple dimensions, they, and the whole country, will all benefit.

It is important that policies across sectors, from MEM to MCDGC, all work together to support women in mining communities. Mr. Ndyalusa closed by stating: “I am very grateful to the Ministry for Energy and Minerals for demonstrating such a commitment to this issue, and to all of the participants here for coming together to further our goals for gender equity in the mining sector. We are committed to work together with the MEM to develop and put in place an action plan to address the gender issues into the mining sector. The mining sector is pioneering this approach and I am convinced that other sectors will follow their example.”

4.5 Panel: Towards Gender Equality and the Empowerment of WomenDay two of the Workshop was introduced by Katherine Heller of the World Bank, who reviewed results of the previous day’s survey of participants. An extensive number of benefits and risks of mining as well as priority actions were identified and are summarized in Table Three.

Table Three: Key Issues identified by Workshop Participants

Main Benefits of Mining Main Risks from Mining Income generation and employment Women’s economic empowerment Broader social benefits like

improved infrastructure, education, and social empowerment

Environmental degradation, deforestation

Negative health impacts – HIV/AIDS, STDs, water and respiratory related illnesses

Child labour (ASM)

Unequal wealth distribution Changing norms and

values, threats to traditional norms and values

Security concerns

Priority Actions Central and Local Government coordination Improved transparency Improved availability of data (incl policy/laws) Support investment and value addition. Improved policy and legislation and improved

implementation – policies should include specific references to gender and women

Central and local government trainings should include gender awareness and sensitivity

Local Government Improve dissemination of laws and policies Local outreach and work with NGOs on

community support and education programs Entrepreneurship training Decentralized gender focal pointsMining Companies Support community development programs Implement EIAs Establish/liaise with social services and

infrastructure authorities and CSOs. Create employment opportunities Improve engagement in decision-making Disseminate mining policy and laws


Photo Five: The Representative of the Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Community

Development, Gender and Children.


Main Benefits of Mining Main Risks from Mining Aid in establishment of cooperatives

With a notable shift in mind set towards identifying specific actions for positive change, the Workshop shifted focus towards opportunities and lessons learned from government, the private sector and civil society organizations.

4.5.1 Tanzania Women Miners’ Association (TAWOMA)Mrs. Eunice Negele, representative of the Tanzania Women Miners’ Association (TAWOMA), provided an informative example of how broad representation and coverage, coupled with a well structured umbrella organization, can serve to represent the interests of miners, both women and men. TAWOMA is an NGO serving the interest of women and children in Tanzanian mining communities. TAWOMA was formed in 1997 with 350 active members (miners, mineral brokers and dealers, service providers and mine workers). With headquarters in Dar es Salaam, TAWOMA operates through 16 regional branches and 15 local branches office, representing all of the major mining areas.

Since 2008, TAWOMA has been working to improve and protect the livelihoods of women and children in mining communities. It also plays a role in advocating for small scale miners by giving input into legal reforms and provides a platform for networking and information and knowledge sharing, in part through an annual miners’ day event every 5th of May.

4.5.2 Gender Perspectives on Community Development: African Barrick Gold Ltd. Ms. Frida Kyesi of African Barrick Gold Ltd. (ABG) provided an honest and insightful overview of key gender challenges in mining and how ABG is trying to address them through their community development programs.

An important barrier to women’s equitable participation in mining relates to cultural beliefs and perception concerning the appropriateness of work in the mines for women. Most physical jobs are regarded as “male only” and related training programs predominantly attract only men. Furthermore, while men are able to leave their families for months on end with few repercussions, women are culturally barred from doing so, taking on child and family care responsibilities at an early age. This also presents a additional barrier to shift work and, together with negative attitudes and perceptions of women in mining, are barriers to equal participation. Issues such as sexual harassment, the ease with which “submissive” and unaware women can be exploited (both as cheap artisanal labour and in terms of selling prices) and criminality of ASM also prevents women’s equal access, control and benefits from artisanal mining activities.

Issues also include poor access to capital for women, unfriendly financial institutions and laws that do not explicitly encourage women underground. Historically, women were denied education for various reasons and, although this is changing, numbers of girls in science subjects are still low, limiting their participation in engineering or geology professions. With widespread poverty and inequitable wealth distribution, women are left to contend with day-to-day, hand-to-mouth subsistence activities (e.g. farming, artisanal mining) while men seek formal employment. The situation leaves comparatively little opportunity for women to own mining licenses while even land ownership is still overwhelmingly regarded as a male privilege.

ABG’s frank recognition of these issues has led to a number of positive approaches to mitigate gender inequities both internally and externally. These range from equal access to scholarships for employees and recognition of equal opportunities in their employment policy to clear sexual harassment policies and equal opportunities to all service providers. Ms. Kyesi identified critical responses that can help redress gender inequities including motivation of girls and women to study science subjects, providing education and awareness on



importance of girls education, special efforts to involve women in community projects, establishment of legal and easily accessible mineral trade vehicles to eliminate exploitation and implementation of deliberate action plans to affect the above solutions.

4.5.3 Gender Equity Approaches: Uganda Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development

Ms. Jennifer Hinton, a Small Scale Mining Consultant, outlined work undertaken by the Ugandan Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development, Dept. of Geological Survey and Mines (DGSM) through the Sustainable Management of Mineral Resources Project (SMMRP) between 2005 and 2010. With almost 50% of Uganda’s ASM workforce comprised of women, gender was recognized as a key issue in the early stages of SMMRP ASM support activities.

Gender was mainstreamed through ASM activities under SMMRP through: Inclusion in baseline assessments in ASM communities, including use of gender balanced

survey teams, collection of gender-disaggregated survey data, separate focus groups with women and men and gender-differentiated analysis of ASM impacts and benefits.

Gender Training of DGSM Officers, to improve their gender responsiveness through their advisory support and regulation functions.

Gender Mainstreaming in the ASM Training and Awareness Campaign Committee (TACC), including presence of a gender specialist on the multi-disciplinary, inter-ministerial training committee, regular gender audits of committee meetings and a gender review of training curriculum.

Inclusion of Practical and Strategic Gender Needs in the “Small Scale Mining Handbook: Needs of women and men in various roles were addressed, frequently using basic text and pictorial instruction. In addition to issues related to geology and mining, the ten chapter Handbook also covers family involvement in budgeting (business skills), alcoholism, sexual and gender based violence (SGBV), forming gender-responsive organizations and step-by-step guidance to locally analyze gender issues.

Gender Responsiveness in Training-of-Trainers (ToT) Workshops. Mixed methods suitable for different learning styles were used during two regional 12-day intensive workshops that trained almost 200. Topics included a separate module on gender-in-training, gender audits were undertaken daily by two different trainees (one man, one woman) and an gender-audit of the ToTs was done by the DGSM Social Development Officer. Special efforts were made to achieve gender parity of participants (e.g. assistance by local senior miners to convince husbands to permit their wives participation, funds were allocated to enable women trainers to bring their small children and a caregiver).

Promoting Equal Benefits from Community-based Miners Training Workshops. Working via local trained trainers, specific directives for mobilizing women and men were instituted. Over 40% of 1030 trainees were women but this reached almost 70% in some ASM areas. Infants and small children were welcome to the training (which was held near to mine sites) and provided with on-site childcare, activities and lunch. Training teams were gender-balanced wherever possible. Training was run in local language or simultanously translated. Each of the 17 five-day training workshops was adapted to specific technical issues of the community and also covered conflict prevention and resolution (including domestic conflicts), priority health issues (ranging from malaria, sanitation related diseases and domestic violence) and formation of gender-responsive organizations.

Community-Based Gender Consultations and Training. Additional training and consultations were held with 150 women and 150 men miners in five regions. Additional time was spent visiting ASM sites in advance to ensure gender parity in participation, small children were again welcomed to the near-site venues and most workshop activities



were based on small groups of women and men. Facilitators consisted of one woman and one man who addressed human, mining and land rights, gender roles, access, control and ownership of resources and their benefits and prompted recommendations to address practical and strategic gender needs.

National Strategy for the Promotion of Gender Equality in Mining. All earlier work culminated in a national multi-stakeholder strategic planning workshop to prioritize findings and recommendations derived from earlier studies and consultations. Numerous recommendations were put forward for mining policy reform as well as measures to address strategic gender needs, particularly with respect to access to information and training and building key partnerships to address cross-cutting health, education, labour and other issues.

Almost 200,000 Ugandan women and men are engaged in ASM, which, when indirect and induced labour as well as dependency ratios are considered, results in more than 4.2 million Ugandans reliant on the subsector. As most ASM is unlicensed, its contributions are largely invisible. Although not formally captured, they are nevertheless substantial, equating to more than $340 million USD injected into local economies annually, constituting 3.5% of the GDP and being the 3rd highest foreign exchange earner.

To maximize individual, local and national benefits from ASM, engendered approaches are clearly needed. Ms. Hinton emphasized that equal participation is not the same as equal benefits and special measures must be taken to redress gender inequalities, not only in terms of mobilization but also with respect to planning, design and implementation of ASM support activities.

4.5.4 Financing Opportunities for Micro- and Small Enterprises in TanzaniaBoth women and men miners and those in mining communities need access to capital and business development assistance, while women generally face additional cultural, educational, legal barriers and other constraints. Mr. W.S. Ndolezi of the Small Scale Industries Development Organization (SIDO) took the unique opportunity presented by the Workshop to share opportunities for small scale entrepreneurs, both women and men, in Tanzania through SIDO’s activities.

SIDO was recently established with a mission to promote the development of small scale industries in Tanzania. Recently, however, in direct response to growing demand from clients, donors and Government, SIDO has progressively engaged itself in supporting micro businesses particularly in the informal sector. SIDO's new mission is to develop create, promote and sustain, indigenous entrepreneurial base in the small scale industries and micro businesses.

Main functions of SIDO are to:

Promote the development of small industries as well as to plan and coordinate their activities.

Provide technical assistance, management and consultancy services to small industry enterprises in Tanzania.

Provide and promote training facilities for persons engaged in or employed or to be employed in small industries and to assist and coordinate activities of other institutions engaged in such training.

SIDO has regional offices throughout Tanzania and are well prepared to provide guidance, advice and assistance to even the most marginalized individuals and groups.



4.5.5 Meeting Community Health Needs: A Gender Perspective from Ministry of HealthMs. Sabina Mnaliwa of Ministry of Health described the challenges faced by the Ministry of Health such as communicable diseases including the HIV/AIDs and STDs and water born diseases in the country and in mine industries. Ms. Mnaliwa highlighted the roles and responsibilities of the Ministry of Health, including their central role in formulating policy, standards and guideline to lead other stakeholders on health issues.



Main challenges faced by the Ministry include:

Water supply and sanitation is not sufficient or safe. This contributes to pandemics and water borne diseases including in mining communities. The issue of availability of safe and clean water is the responsibility of the Ministry of Water and Irrigation.

Occupational Hazards, Pollutions, Environmental issues in mining areas need a collective effort of the Ministry with Local Government, Mining Companies, Miners and NGOs.

Gender violence in mining areas.

STDs and HIV/AIDs. There is a need of collective and holistic approach on how to deal with these health issues in mining areas.

Ultimately, the Ministry of Health cannot do it alone. Crucial partners include Local Government, Private Sector (including Mining Companies), local and international NGOs, CBOs and Religious Institutions.

4.6 Breakout Sessions: Towards a RoadmapWith preceding discussions laying a strong foundation for discussion of opportunities for gender equity in mining, the subsequent session sought to identify a specific recommendations and action items, providing a backbone for a National Roadmap. Key outcomes are presented below.

4.6.1 Engendering the Implementation Strategy for the National Mineral PolicyPolicies, laws and regulations often claim to be “gender neutral”; however, this can actually serve to exacerbate gender inequalities rather than redress them. MEM is currently in the process of developing an implementation strategy for the new Mineral Policy (2009) and was enthusiastic to take this unique opportunity for dialogue as to how strategic and practical gender needs can be addressed through its implementation.

The animated group discussion suggested that the entire Mineral Policy be reviewed in order to identify gaps with respect to gender. Although women are mentioned (page 30), it appears to

be an “add on”. Mainstreaming gender requires that women’s visibility be increased throughout the document and gender be explicitly considered in its implementation. Experiences from other countries (and policies from more “engendered” sectors) can help inform this.

The discussion extended beyond the policy document to suggest that the legal framework as a whole (including policy, laws and regulations) should be more explicit about the gender dimension in different areas and activities. Given the engagement of key MEM representatives in the event, this clear recommendation will undoubtedly be taken to heart.

The group recommended that the policy implementation strategy should include: Sensitization and training of women and men for full and equal participation in the

mining sector (by Government and Development Partners, Mining Companies and NGOs).


Photo Six: Participants identify specific ways to mainstream gender in Tanzania’s Mineral

Policy Implementation Strategy.


Gender Focal Points should be identified and networked with other government agencies (in Government and Local Government Authorities).

Services should be effectively decentralized to Zonal Mines Offices and Resident Mines Offices.

A Strategy should be developed in order to make workplaces (both in ASM and companies) more women-friendly and supportive of gender equity in the workplace in ASM (by Local Government Authority and Mines Companies)

Provisions are needed to support gender equity in allocation of mineral rights in demarcated areas (Government and Ministry of Energy and Minerals).

Provision of social services (schools hospitals etc) to new ASM areas (Government Mines Companies Local Government Authority and Communities (Civil Society Organizations)

A pipeline of women professional should be created for structures that implement Government policies (Government)

Gender analysis of benefit sharing is needed for intervention and CSR projects (Government, Local Government Authority Mines Companies Civil Society Organizations, and Developmental Partners).

Monitoring and evaluation of CSR commitments of Mines Company to ensure gender equality. (Government Mines company Civil Society Organization Local Government Authority and communities).

The Strategy must ensure gender equality in the leadership of mining communities (Local Government Authority, Community Civil Society Organization and Government)

These insightful and useful contributions are expected to be taken to heart as the Mineral Policy Implementation Strategy is developed and put into action.

4.6.2 Gender-Responsive Outreach and Extension Services to Mining CommunitiesBoth women and men miners (not just license holders but those involved in rock breaking, pounding/grinding, panning/hand picking, hauling water and ore) as well as service providers (food, tools etc) and women and men in communities around large mining areas need extension services to build the capacity needed to take steps-up the ladder of poverty. With respect to ASM, women and men miners also need assistance to identify new and available areas for licensing, how to get a license, determine how much ore is in the ground and how to obtain financial assistance, among many other things.

Extension services refer to a broad range of activities that ultimately seek to generate positive change. Although commonly interpreted as solely training workshops, they include provision of information and published material in ways that people understand them, one-on-one advice or guidance, hands-on coaching and sensitization campaigns among others.

The group recognized that, although both women and men need extension services, women face additional barriers in obtaining extension services because:

Missing time from work (in the household, at the mine, etc) – even for one day – can be very difficult for women (because of their domestic and commercial workload) and it can cause conflicts in the family. Some women even need permission from their husbands to travel to an office or participate in training workshops.


Photo Seven: One of the breakout groups identifies strategic solutions.


They usually don’t control the money, so paying for transport to government offices or training sites is difficult. Men also usually have control and ownership of transport (bicycles, cars).

Language or literacy barriers and fears of dealing with government officers (particularly when they are all men) are additional barriers.

Women do not receive information in the same ways as men (radios, newspapers, local networking) and are less likely to hear about training.

Furthermore, equal participation is not the same as equal benefits. Even if women can participate, extension services are not always properly designed and offered to meet the different needs of women. Building on a discussion of these points, the comprehensive list of women’s and men’s extension service needs (Table Four) will need special considerations as to how these can be delivered so that women and men benefit from them more equally.

Table Four: Outreach and Extension Service Needs in Mining Areas

Outreach and Extension Service Needs Responsible PartiesCapacity building:

Training before involvement in ASM; Training about mining activities (exploration, mining methods

processing and marketing of minerals); Training about occupational safety and health issues Training in crosscutting issues such as HIV/AIDS, child labour,

behaviour of miners and communities (e.g. drugs and alcohol abuse, abusive language and prostitution)

Provision of mass media for wide outreach (radio, websites, SMS e.g. of price information or coming events).

MEMMinistry of Labour Mining Companies

Infrastructure: Water Roads Electricity (solar etc) Telephone services

Responsible line Ministries and NGOs

Social Services: Schools Health centers Recreational facilities (stadiums, music halls, game centers etc) Churches, mosques and markets places

Responsible line Ministries, Mining Companies and NGOs

Financial Services: Business development and business plan write up services Mobile banks, bank branches SACCOS, VICOBA establishment Loan guarantees

Responsible line Ministries, NGOs, Financial Institutions, SIDO

Security Services: Police stations, police posts Social security fund, services, pension programs Insurance Courts Immigration offices

Responsible ministries NGOs regional authorities

Mining Equipment: Advice on equipment selection and procurement. Loans and subsidies for mining equipment Mining equipment hiring services (ME hiring centers need to be

established)

MEM and regional authorities, private companies, NGOs and organizations such as SIDO



4.6.3 Engendering Partnerships to Address Health and Development NeedsIn addition to the risks common to rural and peri-urban communities in developing countries, the nature of mining can put men and women, adults, youth and children at even greater risk for many diseases, illnesses, injuries and abuses that impede development.

As the needs of communities in mining areas generally extend beyond the mandate of mining authorities, essential partnerships to address critical health and development challenges were intensively discussed by this breakout group.

The different needs of individual men and women, the households, the community and mine site were discussed with issues, responsibilities and approaches summarized in Table 5.

Table Five: Responding to Critical Health and Development Challenges in Mining Areas

Issues and Discussion TopicsGeneral Challenges:

Household challenges: Water related diseases Nutritional related diseases Airborne diseases STDs Community challenges

Poverty Poor access to education Child labor Food availability Capital

Community Poverty Poor infrastructure Access to market (local and International)

Mine sites Capital Technology skills Poor equipment High taxation (mining equipments) Access to market (local and international) Knowledge (geological business

management) Infrastructure proper inspection Mines sites and accidents, illness and

injuries (particularly those common to informal miners)

Environmental health hazards associated with the type of mining (including mercury and cyanide in gold mining)

Approaches ResponsibilitySensitization (Radio, Newspaper, drama, brochures, village religious leaders

Health, MEM, Environmental Prime Minister Office Regional Administration and local government (PMO-RALG) Local Government , NGOs/CBOs

Health education Health PMO-RALGProvision of health services Health PMO-RALGProvision of water and sanitation services PMO-RALG, Private sectorLaw re-enforcement PMO-RALGEstablish Mechanism for information sharing (market, capital, geological)Promote ASM (exemption of tax to mining equipments improvement of infrastructure, access to market

MEM, Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs (MOFEA)

Capacity needs assessments (based on gender MEM



4.6.4 Building Gender-Responsive Organizations in Mining CommunitiesEffective organizations are an excellent vehicle through which support can be channeled, strengths and resources of members can be combined and individual, household and community needs can be met. This group discussion focused on the roles that local organizations can and should play in ASM and communities around large mines, particularly with respect to promotion of gender equality.

Key existing organizations active in mining areas, some of their characteristics and proposed actions put forward by the group include:

Revolving Group Savings and Credit Schemes (UPATU)

Increase capital for service provision 90% women

No direct relation with Large Scale Mines (LSM) to date

Should encourage women to participate

Village Cooperative Banks (VICOBA)

Education, health mining related activities 80% women

No direct relation with LSM to date.

Create awareness of women on the benefits

Easy of operation

Acceptable by financial institutions

Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies (SACCOS)

To increase capital for service provision in mining activities

Target 65% women

No direct relation with LSM to date.

To sensitize more women to join SACCOS

Regional Mines Associations (REMAS)

To link the miners with the government and other organizations

Currently not active. Estimated that membership is about 90% men

To encourage formalization of mining activities

To encourage members to start business brokers mineral dealers etc.

Moderate relations with LSM

Now provides little assistance in community development projects

The government, especially MEM, and the private sector (large scale mining companies) has a critical role to play in sensitizing and encouraging more women to join REMAS and work to actively educate politicians and local leaders about ASM and miners associations about the importance of gender equity.


Photo Eight: Pauline Mondia of Zambia’s Federation of Small Scale Mining Associations

reports back recommendations from her Breakout Group.


4.7 Closing Session: A Roadmap Towards Gender Equity in MiningWith critical gender issues identified and well understood by participants and specific opportunities and recommendations put forward, a framework for action rapidly emerged from the proceedings.

4.7.1 Towards a Roadmap for Gender Equity in MiningMs. Adriana Eftimie of the World Bank succinctly synthesised the key findings from the Workshop in the closing session of the event.

Critical elements of the Roadmap for Gender Equity in Mining include (Fig. 2):

Supportive Policy, Laws and Regulations: that respond directly to practical and strategic gender needs, increase the visibility and responsiveness of the legal framework to women and provide the mandate for action by key partners, stakeholders and “change agents”.

The “Machinery” for Action: including the government agencies, civil society organizations, private sector and community representatives needed to implement gender responsive programs. This will require:

Strengthening Organizations and Institutions (particularly MEM) in order to improve their understanding and responsiveness to gender issues. Training and sensitization in gender will support equitable outcomes from much-needed services provided to women and men miners and communities in mining areas.

Building Essential Partnerships to optimize resources and increase coordination and commitment to respond to the diverse needs of women and men in mining areas.

Gender Responsive Support Services such as training, information and advisory support in technical areas as well as in financing ASM and micro- and small-enterprises in mining areas. These should be provided with full recognition that equal access does not necessarily mean equal benefits. The way in which extension and financial services are designed, offered and implemented must explicitly recognize and address the additional challenges faced by women and vulnerable groups.

Figure 2: Framework supporting the Roadmap for Gender Equity in Mining



Building upon this framework with the specific issues and action items identified throughout the Workshop, as well as those derived from best practice in other countries, is a logical next step. An Action Plan is needed to concretize commitments and take the necessary, time-bound measures in order to make real progress towards gender equity in mining. These next steps are discussed further in Section 3.1: Way Forward.

4.7.2 Official Closing, Mr. Hamis Komba, Deputy Commissioner for Minerals, MEMThe Deputy Commissioner for Minerals (MEM), Mr. Hamis M. Komba, commenced his closing remarks with sincere congratulations to the sponsors and organizers of the International Workshop: Developing a Roadmap for Gender Equity in Mining. His hope was that the event provided an opportunity to deliberate and establish networks for gender mainstreaming in the minerals sector presentations and group work focusing on the following:

Identifying and understanding critical gender issues and different constraints and opportunities for women and men in artisanal, small and large scale mining;

Sharing international experiences related to gender and mining with the intent of identifying viable strategies to mainstream gender and promote gender equality in communities, companies and government

Providing recommendations for a World Bank supported “Toolkit for Assessment of Gender in Artisanal Mining”; for a possible use under SMMRP; and

Developing a Roadmap and national platform for action founded on viable strategies to address gender inequalities through policy, partnerships and interventions;

The Sustainable Management of Mineral Resource Project, which is being implemented under the Ministry of Energy and Minerals, has mainstreamed gender issues in the project implementation plan. Mr. Komba stressed the importance of this in ensuring that the Ministry effectively identify and address gender issues through SMMRP activities. He further stressed his belief that the gender toolkit developed as one outcome of this workshop will create a body of knowledge for creating awareness on gender and on problems that affect access to mining benefits to women.

Mr. Komba strongly emphasized that if they can manage to promote gender equity, they shall realize higher benefits, as spelt out in the Mineral Policy of Tanzania. In particular:

Creating prosperous and viable communities which can continue with economic activities.

Fighting the vicious cycle of poverty and increase the level of education and skills in the community.

The forum has been an excellent opportunity for developing partnerships and for developing a shared vision for gender equality in the mineral sector. Mr. Komba assured participants that the Ministry of Energy and Minerals is committed to spearhead gender equity in mining. However, this cannot be done solely by the Ministry. All stakeholders must continue to work together to ensure the promotion of gender equity after this workshop.

In the same spirit, the Deputy Commissioner expects more forums and dialogues on all of the cross-cutting issues that continue to challenge the responsible development of the mineral sector. He commended all stakeholders for taking time to share these important aspects of life and contributing to the success of the event. With these closing remarks, the International Workshop: Towards a Roadmap for Gender Equity in Mining was officially closed.



5 CONCLUSIONSThe International Workshop: Developing a Roadmap for Gender Equity in Mining represented a hallmark event in Tanzania and exemplary commitment towards promotion of gender equity through mining sector activities. Through participatory dialogue and sharing of knowledge and experience from Tanzanians and those representing a host of countries, specific action items and solutions were put forward, laying the groundwork for a viable plan of action to support objectives of Tanzania’s Mineral Policy (2009) and other national poverty reduction strategies.

Among notable conclusions, it should be emphasized that: Women and men involved in mining, either directly and indirectly, face similar and

different challenges and constraints. Furthermore, men generally realize the greater proportion of benefits from mining, while women receive a disproportionate amount of its negative impacts.

Understanding and effectively responding to gender-differentiated constraints and opportunities is crucial to ensuring that mining policies, programmes and interventions actually serve to support development and address (rather than worsen) gender inequalities.

Although equal access and participation is important, it does not necessarily result in equal benefits to women and men. Additional efforts are needed in terms of, not only mobilization, but in designing, implementing and providing services and assistance at the local level.

Development outcomes achieved through mineral development can be substantially improved by instituting strategies and specific measures to engage women in communities around mines and implementing activities to redress gender inequalities and empower women.

The Ministry of Energy and Minerals (MEM) has demonstrated sincere commitment to take a lead in promoting gender equity in mining. Through SMMRP activities and those ongoing with MEM, in partnership with Mining Companies and government and non-government partners, Tanzania is very well positioned to set an international standard for others to follow.

The Workshop has culminated in a clear framework for a roadmap to gender equity in the minerals sector. Turning this framework into a plan of action is a critical next step for change to be realized on the ground.

5.1.1 Critical Next StepsNumerous specific recommendations have been put forward to help articulate a detailed Roadmap for Gender Equity in Mining in Tanzania. Supporting activities should include:

Engendering the Mineral Policy Implementation Strategy. A gender analysis of the Mineral Policy and ensuring its implementation plan is fully engendered will serve to turn MEM commitments into action. Buttressed by gender-responsive SMMRP-supported activities, the foundation for long-term progress towards gender equity can become a reality in Tanzania. Each activity undertaken through MEM and SMMRP can make a significant contribution to gender equity.

Development of a Gender Action Plan. The recommendations and action items, as well as responsible parties, specified during the workshop should be turned into a time-bound action plan that can be disseminated to stakeholders for finalization and to affirm commitments to action.

Implement Responses to Practical and Strategic Gender Needs. Mobilization and dedication of human and financial resources are needed to turn commitments into action. Monitoring and evaluation of these efforts will serve to inform changes and improvements to the Action Plan.



As stated by Mr. David Jairo, Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Energy and Minerals, “mere formulation of policies does not mean much if each person, as individuals, does nothing to address gender inequalities in their daily lives.” Whether an individual, community, government or any organization, taking these words to heart and turning them into action is a step in the right direction.



ANNEX ONE: LIST OF PARTICIPANTS

Name/Position Location/Organization Telephone E mailINTERNATIONAL REPRESENTATIVES

1 Sambo Michael Godet Mozambique 258 823 880

961 [email protected]

2 Betty Adong Odongond Uganda 077 776 2262

3 Jennifer Hinton Uganda

4 Pauline Mondia Zambia (Federation of Small Scale Mining Ass. In Zambia) 260 977 849153 [email protected]

5 Meaza Tamrat Ministry of Mines and Energy Ethiopia (Addis Ababa) 0911 057989 [email protected]

6 Chansouk Insouvanh Lao PDR 7 Sophia Swire Afghanistan 447 973 348520 [email protected]

8 Susan Wagner Tanzania Gender & ASM National Consultant 0784 218464 [email protected]

om

9 Nellie Mutemeri Mozambique Gender & ASM Consultant 277 16061996 [email protected]

Fatima Momade Mozambique 258 21311227 [email protected] GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS

10 Emelda Teikwa Adam Vice President Office 0713 524908 [email protected]

m

11 Hamis M Komba Minister, MEM – Official Opening 0754 833375 [email protected]

12 Greyson S. Mwase MEM 0784 435593 [email protected] Z Baghdellah MITM 0754 299146 [email protected] Semgayagi Peter Ministy of Labor and Social Welfare 0713 706570 [email protected] Sabina Mnaliwa Ministry of Health (MoH) 0754 885432 [email protected]

16 Achilles R. Ndyahusa

Ministry of Community Development, Gender and Children (MCDGC) 0784 250610 [email protected]

MEM OFFICIALS AND PERSONNEL20 David K.Jairo Permanent Secretary, MEM 255 222112793 17 John Nayopa Project Coordinator, SMMRP 0784 341717 [email protected] Getty Massawe MEM 0784 753330

19 Elias Kayandabila MEM 737143236 [email protected]

21 Dr. Lightness Mnzava

Principal Geologist/MEM Gender Counterpart 0753 871300 [email protected]

22 Ally Lukali Administrative Support Staff 0754 853662 23 Athumani Kitojo MEM 0715 846621 24 Kassim Kindamba MEM 0715 337914 25 Mastala Mrembo Administrative Support Staff 0784 809815

OTHER26 Christopher Sheldon World Bank 202 473 8953 [email protected]

27 Natasha Cherevatova World Bank 202 4589880 ncherevatova@worldbank

.org28 Adriana Eftimie World Bank 1202 4585399 [email protected] Katherine Heller World Bank 1202 4584777 [email protected] Justina Kajange World Bank 0784 411199 [email protected]

31 Chansouk Dnsouvann

World Bank (Social Development Consultant) [email protected]

32 Abdul Omar World Bank [email protected] Paul Van Srtyp Free lance Rural Livelihood Consultant 856 58384918 [email protected]

CENTRAL ASSOCIATIONS, ORGANIZATIONS AND NGOs

34 Tina Mwasha Tanzania Chamber of Mines 0754 035625 [email protected]

35 Shamsa Diwani TAWOMA - Central Branch 0754 271649 [email protected]

36 Ndolezi W.S SIDO - Small Industry Development Organization 0773 759759

37 Nickson Kwangano TAWLA 0716 801630 [email protected]

38 Sechelela Mpanoe Agenda Participation 0755 899049 [email protected]

39 Catherine Lyombe MISF 755996690 [email protected]

40 Ahadi Mtweve AFWIMN - Africa Women in Mining Network 0754 365850 [email protected]

m


mailto:[email protected]









































Name/Position Location/Organization Telephone E mail

41 Mary Mbeyela AFWIMN - Africa Women in Mining Network 0754 284072 [email protected]

42 Daud Sudi Free Lance 0713 295346 43 Issa Omary Researcher 0717 182181 44 Prisca Juma FAWETA 0717 128093 45 Basili Liheta TIVEA 712640113

46 Catherine Nchimbi TAMWA - Tanzania Media Women's Association 0713 425982 [email protected]

47 Rogers Sezinga TAN DISCOVERY (Managing Director) 0754 280478 [email protected] Emanuel Zakaria NMG 0713 362525 [email protected] Elizaberth Seme FAWETA 0715 264545 [email protected] SECTOR – Mining Companies and Dealers

50 Frida Kyesi African Barrick Gold – Community Development Officer 0767 439888

51 Stella Shayo Gemstones Miner-Merelani 0759 960080

52 Zephania J. Mungaya MAREMA-Manyara 0782 944944 [email protected]

53 Ahmed Mbarak Adam MWAREMA-Mwanza 0787 548930

54 Abia M. Nyabakari Gemstone Miner-Sumbawanga 0757 979727 55 Suleiman M. Tumaini RUREMA (Mpanda) 0773 736201

56 Eunice Negele TAWOMA - CHAIRMAN 0784 486863 [email protected]

57 Robert Malando Maywili SIREMA 0786 659511 [email protected]

m

58 Zahara Hamza Salt Producer-Lindi 0784 435419 [email protected]

59 Brown Silwani RUVUREMA 0757 673132 [email protected] Clara Diami Limestone/lime Producer-Mbeya rural 0754 380812 [email protected]

61 Bahati Kalekwa Diamonds Dealer -Kishapu 0754 825826 [email protected]

62 Mwanaidi Ebrahim Small Scale Miner 0784 686708

63 Ms. Hawa Kirenga DISABLED AND VULNERABLE GROUP-Mirerani 0784 904876

64 Peter Mwasandube FAWETA 0713 343336 [email protected] Rebecca Mirengeri TAWOMA - Mwanza Branch 0787 812448

66 Jolly Digallu Mwalazi Mining Co. Ltd. MWAMCO-Morogoro 0713 424268 [email protected]

67 Digalu Juma Mwalazi Mining Co. Ltd. MWAMCO-Morogoro 0719 339410

Mining Zonal Officers (8)

68 Benjamin Mchwampaka Arusha Zone 0754 366968 benmchwampaka@yahoo

.com

69 Alfred a. Mugyabuso Mwanza Zone 0752 880953 [email protected]

70 Oforo Ngowi Shinyanga Zone 0754 673721 [email protected] Manase Mbasha Singida Zone 0784 645227 [email protected] Sabai Nyansiri Mtwara Zone 0756 247821 [email protected] Juma H. Sementa Mbeya Zone 0755 450460 [email protected]

74 David Mulabwa Mpanda Zone 0784 337212 [email protected]

75 John Bina Wambura Singida Region 0787 550702 MEDIA76 Joyce Mwakalinga Star TV 0716 661671 [email protected] Pierre Kyulule Star TV 0755 825798 78 Richard Makore Nipashe 0713 608317 79 Judica Tarimo IPP Media (ITV, Guardian etc) 0652 324488 [email protected] Loretta Mugaragu ITV/Radio One 0715 138733

81 Salome Mwasamale Radio Uhuru 0714 423362 [email protected]

82 Rose Mweko Mtanzania 0715 353549 [email protected]

83 Magdalena Paul Rai 0713 286341 [email protected]

84 Salehe Masoud Mlimani TV 0716 997332 [email protected]

85 Noel Kapanda ITV 0713 443737 86 Ahmed Segule ITV 0655 023444 [email protected] Stelius Sane WAPO Radio 0712 137697 [email protected]











































Name/Position Location/Organization Telephone E mail88 Sylvia Mwehozi Mlimani TV 0713 634833 [email protected] Neema Mgonja Jambo Leo 0713 890325 [email protected]

90 Janeth Shekunde New Habari 0756 004241 [email protected]

91 Steven Sadiq Star TV 0715 177172 [email protected]

92 Herrith Benny Mtanzania 0717 502898 [email protected]

93 Chalila Kisunda Tanzania Daima 0653 416221 [email protected] Isaac Longwe The African 0718 330743 [email protected] Uhuru/Mzalendo Suleman Jongo 0713 117177 [email protected] Blaya Moses Radio Free Africa 0654 836665

97 Njonange Samwel East Africa Television 0776 514226 [email protected]

98 David Gumbo East Africa Television 0754 395643 [email protected] Xavery Matikila Times FM 0713 996557 100 Rukwa Suleiman M. Tumaini 0773 736201

101 Morogoro Isa Ramadhani 0785 784507

102 TFP Miraji Msala 0715 686575

103 Deogratius Temba Tafakari New paper 0715 686575

104 Jane Exaud Msema Kweli 657212475

105 Job Ndomba MAJIRA 0716 787832

106 Michael Haonga The Business News 0713 241950

107 Hadasa Kasynsyni PRIVATE 0719 164828















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