Guidelines Prevention of Falls

Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman

Title: GUIDELINES- PREVENTION OF FALLS Policy Number: GD-DSS-002 Rev No: 0 Effective Date: 5-1-2012 Page No: 1

2011

GUIDELINES

PREVENTION OF FALLS


Title: GUIDELINES – PREVENTION OF FALLS Policy Number: GD-DSS-002 Rev No: 0 Effective Date: 5-1-2012 Page No: 2

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Contents

S/N Subject Page

1 Introduction 4

2 Scope 5

3 Applicability 5

4 Definition 5 - 6

5 General commitment by UTAR 7

6 General commitment by UTAR’s employees 7

7 General commitment by non-employees 7

8 Administrator 8

9 General principles in managing risk for safety at work 8

10 Action on risk of falling 8

11 Job Safety 9

12 Prioritizing 9

13 Training 9

14 Prevention of Falls – General Safety Measures 10 - 11

i. Recommended techniques for fall protection 11

ii. Guard Rail System 11

iii. Fall Prevention System

a. Fall arrest system

b. Restraining system

c. Retrieval System

d. Positioning system

e. Suspension system

11 - 13

iv. Scaffolding 14 - 16

v. Safety / Peripheral Nets 17

vi. Portable ladders

a. Step ladder

b. Straight and Extension ladder

17 - 20

vii. Roof Access 21

viii. Risk of falling from brittle / fragile roof 22

ix. Tree Climbing 23

x. Using lifting / hoisting machineries 24 - 25

xi. Excavation 26

xii. Holes / Floor Openings / Open Side Hatchings 27



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Contents

S/N Subject Page

xiii. Housekeeping 27

xiv. Barricades 28

xv. Signs and Lightings 28 - 29

15 Non Employees 29 - 30

16 Equipment 31

17 Permits 31

18 Safety Violations 32 - 33

19 Incident Reporting 33 - 34

20 Personal Protection Equipment 34

APPENDICES

A Ladder Inspection Checklist 35

B Check Ladder Before Use 36

C 3 Point Contact 37

D Ladder Placement 38

E Step Ladder 39

F Using the Step Ladder 40

G Single / Straight / Extension ladder 41

H Tree Climbing 42

I Non-Employee Security Declaration 43



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1.0 Introduction

1.1 This document sets forth certain guidelines on Safety – Prevention

of Falls at Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR). This

guideline CANNOT COVER EVERY POSSIBLE SITUATION. As

this is a working document, UTAR expects its employees to

continuously contribute towards its improvement and to

supplement these guidelines with proper instructions and work

practices that, based on knowledge and experience, will decrease

the likelihood of injury to the employees, and non-employees, as

well as prevent damage to property and materials at UTAR sites.

At a minimum, everyone will work /operate in compliance with the

Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 (Act 514) and all other

pertinent safety regulations

1.2 UTAR recognizes that there are many hazards inherent in our

work. However, through responsible and reasonable safety

practices, these hazards can be controlled.

1.3 This Guideline - Prevention of Falls is published in conjunction

with Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman’s (UTAR) Safety Policies (as

stipulated under Section 16 of the OSHA 1994) and as approved by

UTAR’s Management Committee and/or the Safety and Health

Committee, must be adhered to in the manner stipulated or

alternatively, where an equivalent or better level of safety is

attained.

1.4 The sole authority in any conflict resolution pertaining to any

safety related matters shall be the Chairman, Safety Committee in

consultation with UTAR’s competent person responsible for Safety

and/or the Safety Committee.

2.0 The Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 (Act 514)

2.1 The Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 (OSHA) aims to

ensure safety and health of all persons in a workplace through self

regulating philosophy where responsibility for safety and health in

the workplace lies with those who create the risks and those who

work with the risks.



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3.0 Scope

3.1 This Guideline – Prevention of Falls applies to a plethora of work

applications / situations within the premises of UTAR. However, it

is an impossibility to anticipate every situation, type or

circumstance where a potential falls might occur.

4.0 Applicability

4.1 This Guideline – Prevention of Falls, must be adhered to by

everyone, including employees and anyone else working within the

premise of UTAR. with exceptions to projects where the defined

area of control, responsibility and liability (including indemnifying

UTAR against any/all liabilities) is handed over to contractor

4.2 Non-employees such as contractors, vendors etc. must also

subscribe to UTAR’s policies and guidelines and a section has been

dedicated for this category of people.

5.0 Definitions

For the purpose of this guideline:

5.1 “anchor point” means a secure point so as to prevent the person

from falling to the ground

5.2 “competent person” in relation to performing a task, a person who

has been appointed, being responsible and accountable to perform

the task competently

5.3 “DSS” means UTAR’s Department of Safety and Security

5.4 “DOSH” means Department of Safety and Health Malaysia



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5.5 “extension ladder” means a ladder comprising of two or more

sections moving along guides or brackets so as to allow

adjustments of working length

5.6 “falling”, in this code of practice, is a reference to a person falling

and includes a reference to a person falling from, through or into a

place or thing.

5.7 “fall protection” means fall arrest system and vice versa

5.8 “ladder” means a portable equipment made of either timber,

metal, reinforced plastic or fiberglass with rungs for stepping up

or down

5.9 “non-employee” means contractor, vendor, it’s agents, sub-

contractors

5.10 “OSHA” refers to the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994

5.11 “person in charge of a workplace” means the person who has the

management or control of the workplace.

5.12 “practicable” means (in Safety application) so far as reasonably

practicable involving weighing a risk against challenges, time and

cost required to control the risk

5.13 “premises” means any land, building or part of any building

5.14 “PPE” means personal protection equipment

5.15 “rungs or steps” of a ladder means cross pieces of the ladder

designed for stepping



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6.0 General commitment by UTAR

6.1 As stipulated under Section 15 of OSHA, UTAR will ensure, so far

as practicable, the safety and health of its employees at work.

7.0 General commitment by UTAR’s employees

7.1 As stipulated under Section 24 of OSHA, UTAR employees will

7.1.1 take reasonable care for their own safety and health and of

other persons who may be affected by his acts or omissions

at work

7.1.2 adhere to UTAR’s policies, guidelines, instructions etc in

discharging their duties

7.1.3 use any protective equipments or clothing provided by

UTAR for safety and health risk prevention

8.0 General commitment by non-employees

8.1 As stipulated under Section 17 of OSHA, UTAR has also included

guidelines for non-employees, especially contractors working

within UTAR’s premises.

8.2 As non-employees working within UTAR’s premise they are

responsible in ensuring that their employees, sub-contractors are

fully aware on all of these matters and work in full compliance.

8.3 These guidelines must be included in the terms and conditions of

any/all scope of work undertaken by the contractor and any award,

subsequent payment and future re-appointments shall include their

safety and health compliance/performance.



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9.0 Administrator

9.1 Safety is everyone’s responsibility and every UTAR employees

must be familiar with their safety responsibilities, proactively

prevent accidents, injuries and to escalate any hazards to their

respective supervisors or DSS.

9.2 DSS is responsible to administer and enforce these guidelines

including monitoring and review of measures established to

manage risks.

10.0 General principles in managing risk for safety at work

10.1 eliminate or avoid risks

10.2 detect, anticipate, evaluate and reduce the risks which cannot be

eliminated.

10.3 fight risks at source

10.4 foster prevention through information and training

10.5 replace what is hazardous by what is less hazardous

10.6 adapt work to the employee

10.7 promote collective protection

10.8 use individual protection as a last recourse

10.9 take into account changes in technique

10.10 give appropriate instructions to the personnel

11.0 Risk of falling

11.1 Whenever a risk of falling is raised or identified, the following

process will be effected:



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11.1.1 ascertain previous injuries or near misses at site or the action

11.1.2 challenges identified with performing the task

11.1.3 an inspection

12.0 Job Safety

12.1 Upon obtaining the details as per 11.0, an assessment of the

consequence to an actual event / incident shall be made by

12.1.1 ascertaining the number of persons that will be affected

12.1.2 ascertaining frequency of occurrence

12.1.3 determine the impact of such occurrence

13.0 Prioritizing

13.1 Upon identifying measures that will eliminate or minimize risks,

(other than the application of PPE) ratings must be assigned for

each measures based on the followings:

13.1.1 most effective

13.1.2 effective

13.1.3 plausible

13.2 This will assist in prioritizing when there are several challenges

14.0 Training

14.1 This guideline (as in all other relevant policies) should be included

as part of employees orientation and re-training.



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14.2 For non-employees etc. similar training should be given as part of

safety briefing prior to any contract awards or commencement of

work. It could also be part of a scheduled training program for long

term partnerships with UTAR’s safety accreditation awarded to

attending contractors.

15.0 Prevention of Falls – General Safety Measures

15.1 These measures shall apply for employees and non-employees so

far as the need to ensure safe practices and behaviors whilst

performing a task /job within UTAR’s premises

15.2 All work performed 1.8 meters or more in elevation or within 1.2

meters of an unprotected floor opening, wall opening, or roof edge

with a potential six-foot fall requires optimum fall protection.

15.3 Recommended techniques for providing optimum fall protection

includes:

15.3.1 A properly manufactured/constructed, erected, secured and

maintained ladder.

15.3.2 A properly manufactured, erected and maintained scaffold

with complete handrail system (top rail, mid-rail, toe-

boards).

15.3.3 A properly inspected, operated and maintained mobile

bucket or scissors lift. Non-employees working with

mobile buckets or scissors lifts must work within the

confines of the railing and be tied off utilizing a full body

harness.

15.3.4 A properly designed and maintained full body harness

equipped with a shock absorbent lanyard with double-

action snap hooks, inertia reels, and support cabling.

15.3.5 Maintain guarding at all openings along roof edges, building

edges, and floor openings with guard rails, barricades

and/or covers.



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15.3.6 Other pre-approved methods designed by a registered

Professional Engineer (i.e., netting systems, cabling systems).

15.3.7 When using the body harness as a method of fall protection,

the non-employee must, at all times, be tied off by at least

one connection between his/her body harness and a secured

building structural member or other fall protection device.

The tie-off or fall protection device must be of adequate

strength to support the fall of that particular non-employee.

Connection / anchor points should be designed ahead of

time in the design phase of the project work.

15.3.8 Every non-employee issued with a safety harness shall be

instructed by a Qualified Person in the proper method of

wearing, using, and securing it. Furthermore, every safety

harness and lanyard must be inspected by non-employee

Qualified Person upon issue, and by the wearer before each

use.

15.4 Guard Rail System

15.4.1 A guard rail system or edge protector must be applied.

15.5 Types of fall prevention system

15.5.1 Some types of fall prevention system are

15.5.1.1 individual fall arrest system

15.5.1.2 positioning system

15.5.1.3 suspension system

15.5.1.4 retrieval system

15.5.1.5 restraint system

15.5.2 Individual fall arrest system

15.5.2.1 at a minimum, a personal fall arrest system shall

consists of



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15.5.2.1.1 full body harness

15.5.2.1.2 connecting device

15.5.2.1.3 anchor point

15.5.3 Restraining system

15.5.3.1 This is a device that is attached between the

person to an anchor point to prevent the person

from walking or falling off an elevated surface

comprising of

15.5.3.1.1 anchor point(s)

15.5.3.1.2 restraining line

15.5.3.1.3 body harness or restraining belt

15.5.4 CAUTION

15.5.4.1 The restraining system should not be used

whenever a free fall might occur, especially when

15.5.4.1.1 the restraining line is adjustable

15.5.4.1.2 possibility of falling through the surface

of work area

15.5.4.1.3 possibility of any misuse of the

restraining system

15.5.5 Retrieval System

15.5.5.1 This system is used for confined space entry and

shall at the minimum, consist of the followings:

15.5.5.1.1 Full body hardness



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15.5.5.1.2 Retractable lifeline/rescue unit; and

15.5.5.1.3 Tripod

15.5.6 Positioning System

15.5.6.1 This system is limited for allowing person to be

supported on elevated vertical surface, such as a

wall, and work with both hands free while leaning

and at the minimum, will comprise of the

followings:

15.5.6.1.1.1 Only a full-body harness

15.5.6.1.1.2 If a free fall occurs, it cannot be more than

cannot be more than 0.5 meters; and

15.5.6.1.1.3 Must be secured to an anchor point capable of

supporting at least twice the potential impact

load of the person’s fall.

15.5.7 Suspension System

15.5.7.1 This system is used for works such as window

washing or painting and is designed to lower and

support a worker to perform such tasks. It shall, at

the minimum, comprise of:

15.5.7.1.1 Full-Body Harness;

15.5.7.1.2 Work line;

15.5.7.1.3 Anchorage; and

15.5.7.1.4 Positioning device



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15.5.7.1.5 Also, a redundant fall prevention

system should be used that would be

activated only if the worker were to

experience a free fall.

15.5.7.2 CAUTION

15.5.7.2.1 A person using any form of fall

prevention system must not work alone.

15.5.7.2.2 All usage of a fall prevention systems

must be inspected by a competent

person for its serviceability and

durability, including

15.5.7.2.2.1 safety belts / harness

15.5.7.2.2.2 anchorage points

15.5.7.2.2.3 ropes / lines

15.5.7.2.2.4 Other devices such as carbiners

15.6 Scaffolding

15.6.1 All scaffolding and every part thereof, its erection,

operations, dismantling, inspection etc shall at the

minimum comply to Reg. 72 (1) of the Building

Operations and Works of Engineering Construction

(Safety) Regulations 1986

15.6.2 So far as the design, construction and erection of scaffolding,

they shall conform to all relevant and applicable laws,

rules and regulations.



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15.6.3 Non-employee is responsible for selecting (suitability to type

of work), installing and maintaining scaffolds used on site

for the contracted work. Due to the potential hazards

associated with the use of and/or exposure to work being

performed on a scaffold, non-employee shall take

appropriate precautions while erecting, securing, utilizing

and removing the scaffolding. Personnel working under the

scaffold will be kept to a minimum and provided

appropriate protective equipment.

15.6.4 No scaffolding shall be erected, altered or dismantled except

under the direct supervision of a competent person which

must be registered with DOSH

15.6.5 Fall protection is required for all scaffold use (including

during erection process) 1.5 meters above a lower level.

15.6.6 All scaffolds, where work is conducted in excess of 1.5

meters in height, shall have toe boards;

15.6.7 Follow all manufacturer's guidelines and special warnings.

15.6.8 Scaffolds should be used only on an even surface;

15.6.9 The maximum work level height shall not exceed 4 times the

least base dimension of the scaffold.

15.6.10 The minimum working platform width is 1 meter and

should have a non-slip surface and secured in position;

15.6.11 The platform surface should be kept clear of unrelated

tools and materials;

15.6.12 The supporting structure for the scaffold must be rigidly

braced, using adequate cross bracing or diagonal bracing

with rigid platforms at each work level;

15.6.13 A scaffold shall not be moved while personnel are on it;



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15.6.14 Mobile scaffolds shall not be moved unless the surface of

travel is within 3 degrees of level and free of pits, holes

and obstructions, and the employee on the scaffold has

advanced knowledge of the movement.

15.6.15 Hard hats must be worn within the work area, especially

beneath elevated work where objects could fall from a

height and strike a worker; and

15.6.16 If pedestrian traffic is anticipated in the immediate area,

proper barricading will be placed to create a buffer zone,

which directs the pedestrian traffic a safe distance away

from the work area. The size of the buffer zone created

by the barricades will be determined by the height of the

scaffolding, the work being performed, and other site-

specific risk factors such as wind conditions or building

design. Where adequate sizing of the buffer zone is

limited due to site conditions, a covered walkway of

sufficient construction to protect the pedestrian traffic

will be provided by the non-employee.

15.6.17 The use of scissor lift or other mobile scaffold equipment

may create the same hazardous conditions as fixed

scaffolds and will follow the same requirements as

above.

15.6.18 If any work requires a person to extend beyond the rails

of the lift, then fall protection shall be utilized.

15.6.19 Modular scaffolding must be of the same type with no

mixed components

15.6.20 All necessary signages must be placed

15.6.21 All scaffolding must be inspected by a competent person

15.6.21.1 before first use

15.6.21.2 after alterations

15.6.21.3 regular intervals (not exceeding 7 days)



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15.6.22 where necessary, edge protection must be provided

15.6.23 Safety / peripheral nettings should be considered to

prevent falling or falling debris/objects

15.7 Safety / Peripheral nets

15.7.1 Safety nets provide protections against falls and falling

debris.

15.7.2 When safety nets are used for fall prevention, it must be

15.7.2.1 At the minimum, comply to Reg. 55 (3) Building

Operations and Works of Engineering

Construction (Safety) Regulations 1986 and

relevant International Standards

15.7.2.2 Installed prior to any commencement of work

15.7.2.3 Of sufficient strength and size to catch falling

person or debris

15.7.2.4 Installed and inspected by a competent person

daily

15.7.2.5 No hot works done above the safety net

15.7.2.6 No exposure to other elements that will affect the

strength of netting materials.

15.8 Portable Ladders (General)

15.8.1 Portable ladder is for gaining access and simple work/jobs

only

15.8.2 Ensure that the ladder is suited for the job / works

15.8.3 Know the ladder’s limitations



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15.8.4 Ladders must be inspected before being used. (Please see

Appendix A)

15.8.4.1 Check that the feet work are not cracked, broken

or deformed

15.8.4.2 Check all parts for cracks, bends, corrosion,

broken or deformed

15.8.4.3 Check all step connections

15.8.4.4 Check that ladder, especially the steps are grease

free or dry to prevent slippage

15.8.4.5 Spreaders / Locking device is functional

15.8.4.6 See Appendix B

15.8.5 Non-employees, at no time are to use UTAR owned portable

ladders or related equipment and vice-versa

15.8.6 Ladders are to be placed on a flat surface and never on

another object

15.8.7 If it is necessary to place a ladder in or over a doorway,

barricade the door and post warning signs.

15.8.8 No more than one person is allowed on a ladder at a time.

15.8.9 Metal ladders must not be used for electric welding, or near

any electric lines or services.

15.8.10 Ladders are not to be used for skids, braces,

workbenches, or any purpose other than climbing.

15.8.11 When using a ladder, always maintain a three (3) point

contact with the ladder where both feet and one hand are

constantly in contact or when a fall protection system is



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used (to enable the hands to carry out the work) both feet

in contact while the safety harness is attached to an

anchor. (Please see Appendix C)

15.8.12 Never move or make adjustment to a ladder when

someone or something is on it

15.8.13 If work is to be carried out from a ladder and the height

of the person’s feet is more than 2 meters off the ground,

appropriate fall protection system is to be applied.

15.8.14 The top two rungs / steps of the ladder should never be

used.

15.8.15 Always face the ladder when ascending or descending

15.8.16 If there is no one to hold the ladder, lash or cleat the foot

of the ladder

15.8.17 Do not leave ladders unattended

15.8.18 For pictorial reference on placement of ladders, please

see Appendix D

15.8.18.1 Step ladders

15.8.18.2 “A” frame ladders must be in fully opened

position and secured against movement

15.8.18.3 Maximum length of a step ladder measured along

the front edge of the stiles must not exceed

15.8.18.3.1 6.1 meters if made of other timber

15.8.18.3.2 5.5 meters if made of timber

15.8.18.4 Step ladders must be set level on all four feet, with

spreaders locked.



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15.8.18.5 Never stand on the top or the first step below the

top of the ladder

15.8.18.6 Please see Appendix E & F

15.8.18.7 Step ladders must be tied off when used close to

the edge of an elevated platform, roof, floor

opening, or when they exceed eight feet in height.

15.8.18.8 Single or straight and Extension ladders

15.8.18.8.1 Such ladders must not be longer than

15.8.18.8.1.1 for single ladder - 6.1 meters

15.8.18.8.1.2 for extension ladder – 7.5 meters

15.8.18.8.2 Place ladder so the base is out one-

fourth the vertical distance from the

ground to the object against which the

ladder is leaning or between 70 to 80

degrees from the horizontal.

15.8.18.8.3 All single and extension ladders must be

equipped with non-skid safety feet.

15.8.18.8.4 Ladders must be adequately tied

off/secured.

15.8.18.8.5 For use of gaining access, the ladders

are to extend no less than 1 meter above

the surface.

15.8.18.8.6 After extension section has been raised

to desired height, ensure the safety limit

beyond the equipment’s rated capacity.

15.8.18.8.7 Extension ladder sections are not to be

used separately.



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15.8.18.8.8 Extension ladders must overlap as per

the followings:

15.8.18.8.8.1 3 foot overlap for 32 foot ladder

15.8.18.8.8.2 4 foot overlap for 32 – 36 foot

ladder

15.8.18.8.8.3 5 foot overlap for 36 – 48 foot

ladder

15.8.18.8.8.4 6 foot overlap for 48 foot ladder

15.8.18.8.9 Please refer to Appendix G

15.9 Roof Access

15.9.1 Roof access must be locked at all times and access to these

areas controlled.

15.9.2 Non-employee and if applicable, employees must analyze

the scope of work and safety measures before the roof is

accessed.

15.9.3 The areas to be accessed during the work must be inspected

by a competent person to ensure that they are safe before

entry.

15.9.4 Before each shift or day’s commencement, non-employee

must receive permission from Project Manager / Person in

Charge to access the roof. Employees must receive

permission from their immediate supervisor.

15.9.5 Appropriate fall protection systems must be utilized if work

takes place within 2 meters of a leading edge, unprotected

skylight or other openings. A guardrail system, safety net

system, or personal fall arrest system are appropriate fall

protection systems to be used.



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15.9.6 Rooftop hazards such as load bearing considerations and

machine guarding issues should be considered prior to roof

access.

15.10 Risk of falling from brittle or fragile roofing

15.10.1 Old roofing, including roofing of cellulose, cement roof

sheets, glass, fiberglass, acrylic, other synthetic or

manufactured material and corroded sheet metal roofing

may endanger person standing on them

15.10.2 When working on such area or surface

15.10.2.1 Ensure that the person is aware of such

environment

15.10.2.2 Ensure safe access to and from site

15.10.2.3 A safe working platform is provided to enable

works

15.10.2.4 the use of fall prevention system

15.10.2.5 adequate warning signs are placed prominently

15.10.2.6 barricade work area as well as areas below

15.10.2.7 a stand-by person maintains visual contact with

those performing the works in the event of

emergency

15.11 Risk of falling from using industrial abseiling system

15.11.1 all users must received training and competent in the use

of this system

15.11.2 users must be supervised at all times



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15.11.3 systems should be used only if immediate assistance and

rescue is attainable

15.11.4 all equipments /materials used must be inspected by a

competent person

15.11.5 all anchorage points must be inspected by a competent

person before attaching the ropes

15.11.6 there must be a back-up or redundant system as added

protection for user

15.11.7 there must be at least two sets of ropes per user

15.11.8 other appropriate PPE’s must be provided and used by

user

15.12 Tree climbing

15.12.1 When climbing trees, the necessary safety equipments

such as the followings should be used.

15.12.2 appropriate climbing ropes

15.12.3 appropriate safety harness

15.12.4 eye / ear protection

15.12.5 safety shoes

15.12.6 safety helmet

15.12.7 if carrying other equipments, the appropriate straps

15.12.8 Please see Appendix H



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15.13 Using lifting/hoisting machineries (Mobile Cranes, Derrick Cranes,

Passengers/Goods Hoist, Gondola etc)

15.13.1 UTAR employees are prohibited from using any form of

such machineries

15.13.2 All overhead lifting/hoisting equipment must be

equipped with a manufacturer’s name plate and capacity

specification.

15.13.3 Operation / Person erecting must be registered with

DOSH

15.13.4 Minimum Operator Qualifications - Only qualified non-

employees will operate the machinery. Operators shall

provide proof of certification or licensing to operate the

specific type of equipment which he/she will operate.

Proper separation distances shall be maintained by the

operator at all times.

15.13.5 Type use must be suitable for intended work / job

15.13.6 Non-employees are responsible for the proper operating

condition and capacity of the machinery.

15.13.7 Motorized crane engines must be stopped before

refueling. A fire extinguisher must be present during

refueling and must be immediately accessible.

15.13.8 Attention must be given to the slewing radius and ensure

non-hazardous to power lines, nearby structures and

general public

15.13.9 Worksite to be cordoned off or enclosed

15.13.10 During Operations, to ensure



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15.13.10.1 all safety devices to be checked and tested,

ensuring good working condition prior to

operations

15.13.10.2 operator must have full visibility, supported by

trained signalman

15.13.10.3 support only from trained and knowledgeable

slinger and rigger

15.13.10.4 adequate lighting and warning signs

15.13.10.5 no overloading

15.13.10.6 no overhead movement (over people, traffic etc)

15.13.10.7 work is contained only within demarcated or

cordoned area

15.13.10.8 to observe all pertinent, relevant rules,

regulations, standards, codes relating to

proximity of power lines

15.13.10.9 loads must never be left suspended without

control

15.13.10.10 operations should cease during inclement or

adverse weather

15.13.10.11 for mobile cranes, outriggers are fully extended

with pins inserted

15.13.10.12 cranes must be level

15.13.10.13 any packing used to be sufficient, free from

defects, ample strength and safe to transmit

load to ground



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15.14 Excavations

15.14.1 Non-employee must notify the Project Manager / Person

in Charge prior to any excavating.

15.14.2 The Project Manager / Person in Charge will be involved

in determining overhead and known underground

utilities.

15.14.3 Non-employee’s material for bracing and shoring must

be in good condition and of proper dimensions.

15.14.4 Excavations are to be reviewed each day by a competent

non-employee individual before entering and after a

heavy rain.

15.14.5 Non-employee must assess soil conditions to determine

type of bracing or sloping required for the excavation

and where there are challenges to stability of structure(s)

adjoining or over the site, such must be supported

(Please refer to Reg. 112 of Building Operations & Works

of Engineering Construction (Safety) Regulations 1986

15.14.6 Excavated material must be piled at least six (6) meters

or of a safe distance from the edge of the excavation, to

be determined by the followings:

15.14.6.1 depth

15.14.6.2 slope

15.14.6.3 soil type / condition

15.14.7 Non-employees to provide and ensure guard rails,

barricades and temporary foot walks (where applicable

/necessary) around excavation areas to protect people

from falling into the trench before digging begins

(lighted barricades must be provided at night).



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15.14.8 De watering and de silting facilities to be provided to

prevent flooding

15.15 Holes, Floor Openings, Open Sides Hatchways

15.15.1 Floor openings and elevated platforms shall be guarded

by standard railing and toe-board or cover.

15.15.2 Temporary floor openings must have standard railings.

15.15.3 All holes through floors, decking, walls less than 1 meter

above the floor or other openings shall be guarded by

either a standard railing with standard toe-board on all

exposed sides, or a standard floor-hole cover. They must

be placed immediately after completion of the

penetration and maintained until filled in or provided

with an access control device to prevent their

displacement. Non-employees is responsible for

providing covers of such structural dimension as to

prevent their failure upon normal and routine use.

15.15.4 The use of polystyrene or other materials as temporary

cover for holes / openings other than the approved

design must be seriously considered in terms of adequate

strength and impact with other elements during use such

as water, petrol, solvents etc.

15.15.5 Ample and suitable warning signs must be placed

conspicuously.

15.16 Housekeeping (General)

15.16.1 All materials used or to be used for the job / work are to

be stored in an orderly manner.

15.16.2 Keep all access ways unobstructed and free of any liquid

spillages to prevent any slippery surface

15.16.3 Remove all scrap and trash from the job site daily.



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15.16.4 Scrap, trash, and other wastes shall be placed in

designated containers authorized by the Project Manager

/ Person in Charge

15.16.5 Metal containers with covers must be provided for

disposal of oily and flammable/combustible soaked rags.

15.16.6 Gang boxes are to be removed immediately from

mechanical workspaces upon completion of projects.

15.17 Barricades

15.17.1 Barricades are required around all construction sites and

all excavations, holes, or openings in floors or roofs,

elevated platforms, certain types of overhead work,

restricted access areas and wherever otherwise necessary

to warn people against the potential for falling in,

through, or off. Barricades must be suitable for the

area of use.

15.17.2 Prior to erecting any barricades, the contractor shall

submit to the Project Manager/ Person in Charge a site

safety plan addressing Interim Safety Measures.

15.17.3 When operating machineries or conducting overhead

work within a barricaded pedestrian walk way, a

flagman will be present, to ground guide the equipment

and to warn pedestrians of works.

15.17.4 Barricades shall be removed promptly when no longer

needed.

15.18 Signs / Lightings

15.19 Fully informative and legible signs appropriate to site hazards

created during the work shall be placed on barricade stands, posts,

or other suitable stanchions before work starts, and be removed

promptly upon completion of work.



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15.20 These signages are to be obeyed by all

15.21 Ample lightings (including warning lights) must be placed at all

hazardous locations so as to alert pedestrian / traffic of the

impending hazard.

16.0 Non-employees

16.1 Non-employees carrying out works within UTAR premise shall

attend UTAR’s Safety Orientation Briefing administered by DSS.

16.2 This briefing shall be completed prior to mobilization for the

commencement of work

16.3 Non-employees must also acknowledge the SAFETY

DECLARATION STATEMENT prior to commencement of work

(Please refer to Appendix I)

16.4 Those who fail to follow UTAR’s work guidelines may be

prohibited from working on the site and/or the contract with UTAR

could be cancelled. Working safely is a condition of their contract

with UTAR

16.5 Non-employees working within UTAR’s premises have the

primary responsibility for on-site safety for all persons performing

work under its control.

16.6 In addition to the all applicable regulations, non-employees shall

use “good judgment” consistent with that non-employees

particular trade in cases where there is no precedent case or

guidelines/regulations/law.

16.7 Non-employees shall cooperate in any inspections conducted by

UTAR or government agencies. Copies of all DOSH/NIOSH and

other government agencies citation notices shall be submitted to

UTAR immediately upon non-employee’s receipt.



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16.8 Non-employees shall ensure that all personnel are properly trained

and instructed for all jobs which require specific training and/or

competency to meet all applicable regulations, and UTAR

guidelines/requirements.

16.9 Although non-employees is and shall remain independent of

UTAR, in the performance of all work under the contract, non-

employee shall also observe UTAR’s Safety

guidelines/requirements in order to achieve the results called for

without subjecting person or property to unnecessary risk.

16.10 Non-employee shall fully comply with OSHA, any other relevant

laws, ordinances, regulations (including UTAR’s guidelines,

policies etc) and shall notify its employees, its subcontractors and

employees of its subcontractors of the contents of these regulations.

No one shall begin work inside UTAR’s property until such

notification has been given to each person.

16.11 Nothing contained in this guideline or in instructions furnished by

UTAR shall be interpreted to enlarge the legal duty of UTAR to the

non-employee, its agents, or subcontractors or its employees.

16.12 Willful or negligent violation of these guidelines may result in the

non-employee being prohibited from working at the UTAR site or

possibly the cancellation of contract with UTAR.

16.13 Non-employees shall conduct and maintain an educational

program to assure the inclusion of and adherence to proper safety

instructions as a part of employee job assignments. Training

records shall be made available to UTAR upon request.

16.13.1 As a condition of performing work at UTAR, non-

employees agrees that all work is to be done in

accordance with all applicable laws ,rules and

regulations covering such work; among others, non-

employees shall observe and comply with all

environmental, safety and health standards set forth

under all applicable regulations and standards.



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16.14 Equipment

16.14.1 Non-employee is responsible for determining and

providing the proper protective clothing / equipment to

carry out the job. In addition, all necessary tools

and equipment, including personal protective

equipment, shall be provided by the non-employee and

shall be properly maintained and appropriate for the safe

accomplishment of the particular task.

16.14.2 All such equipment shall be used only by non-

employees who have been properly trained and are

otherwise qualified to safely use the tools and

equipment.

16.14.3 UTAR retains the right to refuse or restrict the use of

tools, equipment or chemicals on its site.

16.14.4 UTAR will not loan tool(s) or equipment(s) to the non-

employee.

16.14.5 Non-employees shall not loan any tools, equipment or

personal protective equipment to any UTAR personnel.

16.15 Permits

16.15.1 Written, properly authorized, current permits are

required from DSS BEFORE proceeding with the

specified types of work at UTAR. To prevent

unnecessary delay, early consultation with UTAR Project

Manager / Person In Charge and DSS regarding required

permits is recommended. Permits must be obtained and

posted at the worksite, and the instructions must be

followed to the letter of the permit. Failure to do so can

result in termination of the contract.

16.15.2 Examples of work requiring permits are Hot Work,

Utility Shut Down, Fire Systems Shut Down certain civil

and structural work



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17.0 Safety Violations

17.1 Violations of campus / site safety guidelines / rules can jeopardize

the welfare of everyone. Violations of safety guidelines, rules and

procedures, either regulatory or site-specific UTAR policies and/or

operating procedures, or recognized industrial safety practices,

may result in disciplinary action (employees) and expulsion (non-

employees) from UTAR.

17.2 Continued violations, or a single significant event (evidence,

incident or violation) that is determined by UTAR to pose an

unacceptable risk due to a willful act on the part of the non-

employees may result in termination of the contract.

17.3 UTAR Project Managers / Person in Charge, or DSS representatives

have the right to observe and stop work until any identified safety

violations are corrected.

17.4 Employees and non-employees have the responsibility to comply

with the UTAR directives / guidelines. Failure to comply with the

recommendations and depending on the circumstances and the

degree of risk associated with an initial infraction, could result in

the followings:

17.5 A verbal warning may be given directly to the employee or non-

employee and the supervisory personnel of that affected

individual.

17.6 The non-employee may be excluded from further participation in

the contracted scope of work

17.7 Employee and supervisor may be disciplinarily dealt with via

UTAR’s disciplinary process.

17.8 Non-employee involved will be forever barred from participating

in any contracted work on the site.



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17.9 The removal procedure may be accelerated and/or expanded to

include removal of non-employees entire workforce where safety

violations are widespread or repetitive.

17.10 Non-employees who are uncooperative or that have an

unsatisfactory safety evaluation can be removed from tender lists

for a period designated by UTAR

18.0 Incident Reporting (Incident/Accident)

18.1 In the event of an incident or a lost time injury to an individual on

or near the work site, for non-employee, they shall notify the

Project Manager / UTAR Person in Charge whilst for employees,

their immediate supervisor, as soon as possible (within 24 hours of

the event).

18.2 The following shall be recorded

18.2.1 location of incident / accident

18.2.2 circumstances surrounding the event, (includes the use of

photography)

18.2.3 gather / obtain witness(es) statement

18.2.4 other documents related to the event

18.2.5 for employees, DSS will proceed with investigation while

non-employees will conduct their own investigation.

18.2.6 Non-employees shall submit their investigation report to the

Project Manager / Person in Charge who will submit same to

DSS.

18.2.7 All investigation report must be submitted to DSS no later

than forty eight (48) hours after the incident / accident.



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18.2.8 In the event of an incident or a lost time injury to a non-

employee on or near the work site, non-employee shall

notify UTAR Project Person in Charge as soon as possible

(within 24 hours) of the event.

18.2.9 In the event of a catastrophic incident (one fatality or three

workers hospitalized), the scene of the incident shall be

barricaded and left intact until all investigations are

completed.

19.0 Personal Protection Equipment

19.1 Non-employees and employees recognizes and appreciates that it is

responsible for supplying all necessary and required PPEs for its

personnel including ensuring the wear and use of the PPEs at all

times

19.2 Non-employees and employee must determine minimum PPE

requirements for the job / site before beginning the work. Non-

employees, due to the nature of the job may be required to wear

additional PPE or use additional safety devices to accomplish their

work. Non-employees and employees are responsible for selecting

and maintaining required PPE and devices as well as ensuring their

qualification to use.



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Date of Inspection: Ladder ID : DD/MM/YY Asset No

Description of ladder : Please provide additional details to ensure accurate identification

Material of Ladder : Aluminum / Fiberglass / Wood / Others Please strike out whichever is not applicable

Type of Ladder : Straight / Extension / Stepladder Please strike out whichever is not applicable

KEY

S = Serviceable , where condition is acceptable for use N.A. = Not applicable

NS = Not serviceable, where condition is unacceptable for use

Please tick in appropriate column

GENERAL S NS N.A.

Is the chosen ladder suitable for the work intended?

Is the ladder free from oil, grease or anything slippery?

Is the ladder free from corrosion/decay?

Are there any sharp edges/protrusions?

Are the stiles/frame/upright free from distortion/cracks/split/decay?

Are all the rungs/steps in place and secure?

Are all the rungs/steps free from cracks/decay/corrosion?

Are all screws/nails/rivets/fasteners secure? (Not loose)

Are all braces/brackets secure?

Are spreaders free from distortion and in working condition?

Are all designed/manufactured moveable parts operate freely?

Are the end caps and foot anti-slip present, secure and good

working condition?

Is the ladder stable when positioned flat on the ground?

Is/Are the extension lock(s) in good working condition?

Is the rope in good working condition, not frayed or worn out?

Additional Information

The ladder is serviceable for use YES NO

IF NO, LADDER TO BE REPAIRED / DISPOSED

Appendix A

Name of Person Inspecting Date / Time Signature

DEPARTMENT OF SAFETY AND HEALTH

LADDER INSPECTION CHECKLIST



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Appendix B

CHECK LADDER BEFORE USE

Visually inspect ladder for damaged/ cracked side rails or

rungs/steps



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Appendix C

USING A LADDER

THE THREE (3) POINT CONTACT

two (2) hands and one leg

Or

two (2) legs and fall prevention system

Note: Tools and materials should not be carried by hand



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Appendix D

LADDER PLACEMENTS

The ratio for placing base of ladder to support structure is one (1) meter away

from support structure to every four (4) meters in height.

Any farther (as per Drawing B) can cause slippage and creates instability.

4 meters

1 meter

Drawing A Drawing B



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Appendix E

STEP LADDER

top cap (no stepping)

rear horizontal brace

tread / steps

Front tread brace

spreader

brace

back leg

feet



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Appendix F

USING THE STEP LADDER

NEVER STAND ON THE TOP OF THE LADDER

OR

THE FIRST STEP BELOW THE TOP

Level at all four feets

Spreaders locked



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Appendix G

Straight / Single / Extension Ladders

end cap

Rung

or

steps

foot

hauling

rope

latching

device



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Appendix H

TREE CLIMBING

FOR PRUNING OF TRESS

Individual fall prevention system is used



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NON-EMPLOYEE WORKING WITHIN UTAR’S PREMISE(S)

SAFETY DECLARATION

I, ……………………………………………………………………………………….…, (Full Name)

IC / Passport No: …………………………………………………. an employee of

………..…………………………………………………………………………………... (Name of Organization) and so authorized to act on behalf of my employer, having been assigned by

to undertake activity, event or works in Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman’s

(UTAR) premise/building/facility/etc, hereby acknowledges that I have read and

fully understand UTAR’s safety guidelines and agree to strictly adhere to them

and to any and all relevant/applicable rules, regulations, codes, ordinances,

standards and laws in relations of my/our work within UTAR’s premise(s).

Should I or any of my employees, (including sub-contractor) breach any of the

guidelines or conditions, I/We are fully aware that UTAR, through its

representatives, can recommend/impose, part or all of the enforcement measures,

including but not limited to issuing a STOP WORK order, monetary penalty,

seek compensation, and/or cancellation of contract without any refunds of any

form of payment already made. I/We are also aware that should such

enforcement measures be invoked, UTAR reserves its rights to take any and all

necessary action against delays, losses and additional costs incurred arisen from

my/our non-compliance.

I /We also indemnify UTAR against any damage, loss, claims (including from

third party(ies)) that may arise from my/our work, operations, negligence, action

or non-action.

Acknowledged herewith Witnessed by

……………………………… …………………………………… Name Project Manager /Person in Charge

Date Date

Appendix I

Guidelines Prevention of Falls

Engineering

Transcript of Guidelines Prevention of Falls