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31

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Harrnand, Tokyo, 1899

A GUIDE TO THE PAPERS OF

FRAN~OIS-JULES HARMAND 1845-1921

INGEBORG WALD

CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES

DEPARTMENT OF MANUSCRIPTS AND UNIVERSITY ARCHIVES

In association with

SOUTHEAST ASIA PROGRAM CORNELL UNIVERSITY

ITHACA, NEW YORK 14853 1978

Photoreproductions by Jon Crispin

Copies of this guide are available for $2.00 from:

Southeast Asia Program 120 Uris Hall Cornell University Ithaca, N.Y . 14853

Introduction

The Cornell University Libraries contain rich holdings of unpublished ethnographic records: correspondence, photographs, sketches, surveys, diaries, journals. Through the generosity of Jacques Harmand, the Department of Manuscripts and University Archives now hold the papers of his grandfather, Fran~ois-Jules Harmand, French physician, natural scientist, and diplomat. These papers complement extensive published holdings in the John M. Echols Collection on Southeast Asia.

The arrival of the Harmand Papers provided a welcome oppor­tunity for additional experience in arranging and describing ethnographic source material. The initial experience was quite recent; it culminated in 1975 with the publication by this depart­ment of Directed Cultural Change in Peru: A Guide to the Vicos Collection.

Diversity among record types posed a challenge when describing the Harmand Papers. A listing could merely suggest depth and variety. For example, pencil sketches demonstrating Harmand's striking abilities as an illustrator record the characteristics of people and other aspects of the natural environment. Also of interest in this connection are Harmand's hand-drawn maps which depict the movement of French expeditionary forces in Southeast Asia. The Harmand papers document adventures of a sort that once engaged American youth. What Richard Halliburton pursued so desperately in the 1930's is here a matter of record.

Gould P. Colman Department of Manuscripts

and University Archives

Introduction

Collection description

TABLE OF CONTENTS

7

Outline of Collection and Biographical Sketch • • • • • • • • • 9

Content Listing

Series I Personal Papers . . . . . . . . . . . Series II Explorations in Southeast Asia . . . . Series III Work on natural history in France . . . Series IV Consular appointment to Siam, 1881-1883

Series v Consul General's appointment to Calcutta, India, 1884 . . . . . .

Series VI Assignment to Chile, 1890- 1891 . . . . Series VII Sojourn in Japan through 1906 . . . . . Series VIII Activities after retirement

in France . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Bibliography

Maps • •• .

. . . . .

.

. . . . . . .

. . .

. . 21

. 22

. 24

. 26

. . 31

. 33

. . 33

. 35

• • 37

39

COLLECTION DESCRIPTION

HARMAND, FRAN~OIS-JULES, 1845-1921. Papers, [1845-1922]-1956; 4.5 cu. ft. Physician in the French Navy, natural scientist, Com­missioner of the Republic to Vietnam and Laos and consul to Thailand, India, Chile, and Minister Plenipotentiary to Japan. Consist of per­sonal and official correspondence; autobiographical notes and diaries; medical reports concerning French Navy personnel; photographs; dip­lomatic reports; archaeological, botanical, and ethnographic accounts concerning Southeast Asia and its people ; and documents pertaining to the Tonkin expedition (1873) led by Francis Garnier, in which Harmand participated, including numerous maps and drawings, some by Harmand, reports and journals, and a genealogical table of the Vietnamese royal family Nguy~n. Speeches, military intelligence reports and maps, and contemporary copies of the Annamite Proclamation of June 8, 1883, and the Ultimatum of the Convention of Hue (1883) with Harmand's commen­tary; also included are reports concerning political, economic , and . social conditions and a proposal for establishing a French telegraphic line; letters, which Harmand acquired while consul in Bangkok, to M. Blancheton, an earlier French consul to Siam, from the French trader and explorer, Jean Dupuis , who was also a member of the Garnier exped­ition, and notes detailing the development of French interest and in­fluence in Southeast Asia (author, unknown, n.d.) are included. Addi­tional diplomatic documents consist of photographs and dispatches con­cerning military affairs and cultural traditions in India (1885-1890); a photograph album and dispatches both sent and received while Minister Plenipotentiary to Japan (1894-1906); a proposal and accompanying letter (£. 1900) in English by Sun Yat-sen requesting suppbrt for an effort to free southern China from Manchu dynastic rule; and a few letters discussing events in Chile (1890-1891) and efforts to aid Russians imprisoned in Japan (1904-1905). Also included are newspaper clippings concerning political and scientific interest and activities; diplomas, certificates , and a record of his military service ; and docu­ments regarding the donation of his library to the University of Strasbourg . Additional correspondents include L. Pierre, a personal friend, members of the family of Francis Garnier, Admiral Marie-Jules Dupr~, Admiral Peyron, General Alexandre-Eugene Bouet (1833-1887) , Sir John Strachey (1823-1907), Alexandre E. J. Yersin (1860-1943), and Dr. H. Vergniaud, a fellow participant in the Garnier expedition. The papers are in French and Southeast Asian languages.

OUTLINE OF COLLECTION-AND BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH

RUE ll'A II Jll ll H ' '

Harmand~ 1866

Fransois-Jules Harmand was born in Saumur, France on October 23, 1845, the son of a cavalry officer who died when Harmand was fourteen. Like his father, he was interested in the military life. In 1863 he entered a military academy with the objective of be­coming a naval doctor. After three years, but without completing his studies, he \'lent to Vietnam. 'Ihus began a lifelong involvement in Southeast Asia, first as a medical corpsman, later as a physician, naturalist, and diplomat. (See series I, subseries 1.) During this period in Vietnam he met L. Pierre, who was to become his mentor and friend. Under Pierre's direction he began exploratory travel and developed his interests as a naturalist. He also met Francis Garnier (1839-1873) a promoter of French rule over Vietnam. (See series I, subseries 2 .)

During this period in Vietnam, Harmand served as medical corps­man in French military actions that led to the occupation of three Vietnamese provinces, Ving- Long, Chan Doc, and Haiten. Harmand's role was to direct an expedition from Haiten which resulted in the battle of Ba-Phai. With the French victory over these provinces, which took eight years to accomplish, a more peaceful period began in Vietnam.

Harmand returned to France in 1870 to complete his medical studies, but they were again interrupted by the Franco- Prussian War (1870-1871). After participating in that war, he received his de­gree in 1872. Once more he set out to explore Vietnam. Arriving there, he met his friend Pierre and through him was introduced to the captain of the Bonaparte, which was about to leave for Cambodia. He traveled with this ship in order to study the ancient monuments in Cambodia.

He also met Admiral Dupre, Governor of Vietnam since 1871, and Jean Dupuis, a trader and colonialist, who was active in Vietnam, Cambodia, Siam, and other areas of Southeast Asia. Francis Garnier helped Dupuis to export a cargo of salt, which was forbidden by Vietnamese law. With two ships, 150 Asians and about 25 other Europeans, Garnier, Dupuis, and Harmand hoisted the French flag in Hanoi and appealed for help to Saigon, which was already under French rule. There Duprewas waiting for this signal. He was ready to enter battle and to conquer Tonkin, which was no longer under the effective control of Tu Due, the last emperor of Vietnam. The smal l French force defeated three thousand Vietnamese on November 20, 1873. A month later, on December 21, Garnier, then only thirty- five, was killed by a native soldier. These events and a battle fought at Nam- Dinh in January 1874 are described by Harmand in his letters. (See series II, subseries l - 7).

Returning to France, Harmand worked for the Ministre de !'Instruction Publique, the Societe de Geographie, and the city of Versailles. While at Versailles, he reported on Southeast Asian architecture to government agencies .

In 1875 Pierre, then Director of the Zoological Garden in Saigon, helped Harmand to return to Saigon. From there he set out to Pnom- Penh and Pursat. These expeditions, which often took place with small barques, are described in Harmand's diaries for May through June 1875. In the summer of 1875, Harmand became very ill and had to return to Saigon. During the period of convalescence he occupied himself by learning various languages and the geography and customs of Laos. During these forty days in Saigon he studied the natural history of the Vietnamese provinces. (See s eries III.)

Soon thereafter he started with a Frenchman and an English traveler to explore Laos, where he became involved with rebels who had captured the governor in Sambor. After Harmand helped to calm the situation, he took up residency in Pnom- Penh. As documented in his papers, his position was one of mediator. In the following months he was engaged in mediation and traveling in Laos. In 1877 he traveled toward Hu~, which he reached in August and, in November, returned to France by way of Saigon.

For a year he worked with scholarly societies, his knowledge of Southeast Asia opening the way to extensive recognition in his home country. He was made Vice President of the Societe'de G~ographie and Curator of the Museum of Colonies. On December 18, 187~ he married Therese- Gabrielle Farjas. (See series III.) He was awarded the French Legion d'Honneur and was also honored by many other countries. (See series I, subseries 3 and 4.)

Appointed consul in Siam he left Paris by way of Saigon and arrived in Bangkok in February 1882. His diary, notes, and various reports and telegrams document his activities in Siam, Vietnam, and other parts of Southeast Asia. An exchange between him and General Bouet also involved Admiral Peyron. Ten years after the attack by Garnier, resistance among the Vietnamese against the French had not ceased. Rivi~re conducted another attack against the Vietnamese which established French control over lower Tonkin. Like Garnier, Rivi~re was killed by an enemy, a so- called "Chinese Pirate." The French Chamber of Deputies took this affair seriously because France had developed a market for her products in Vietnam. At this time

spokesmen for the geographic societies throughout France were among the most outspoken supporters of imperialism. While Harmand was active in Siam he was consulted about developments in the whole of Southeast Asia. He was sent to Vietnam as Com­missioner general of the Republic to mediate the active rival­ries among French military personnel, particularly Bou~t, BichSt , and Peyron. Correspondence and telegrams document these involve­ments. (See series IV.)

In 1884 Harmand was appointed Consul General in Calcutta where he remained until 1887. Documents concerning this period are few. Correspondence, however, provides details about Harmand's activities and indicates that he remained occupied with matters in Vietnam . While at Calcutta he met Sir John Strachey (1823-1907), whose book India he translated into French in 1892. (See series V. )

In 1891 he went to Chile as representative of France. In that country Alexandre Felix Joseph Ribot, the French foreign minister, had acted in the interest of Auguste Dreyfus whose father­in-law was a member of the French government. In confidential cor­respondence French officials express concern and seek to persuade Dreyfus to accept a sum of money as settlement for the losses he had incurred in his private investments in guano deposits. When Dreyfus declined and Ribot's intervention did not prove successful, the foreign minister sent Harmand secretly to Chile to help Dreyfus regain his money. Because of an earlier war between Chile and Peru, the financial interests of other French investors were endangered and Harmand was expected to protect them. (See series VI . )

Prior to his retirement in 1906 Harmand served as Minister Plenipotentiary to Japan . During that time he ~1as also associated with Dr. A. Yersin (1863-1943) who , with Dr. Albert Calmette , was one of the · medical pioneers in Indochina. Calmette and Yersin founded the first medical laboratory, the Institute Pasteur d ' Indo­chine, in 1890. Yersin was one of the major correspondents during that pe riod . He was also the ' person who reported the revolts in Binh Tanh, 1893, and to whom Sun Yat-sen submitted his proposal for governmental change in China . During the Russo-Japanese War Harmand was able to intervene for Russian prisoners of war in Japan . Letters from Russian women, written in French, document this effort. (See series VII.)

Harmand died January 14, 1921 in Poitiers.

CONTENT LISTING

Harmand, Franpois-Jules, 1845-1921. Papers, [1845-1922]-1956

Box Folder

1

5

or envelope

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1

2

Description

Series I. Personal papers, [1845-1922]-1956

Subseries 1: Birth certificate and other official documents

Seventeen 3" x 4" cards with autobiographical notes, written August 3, 1866

Birth certificate

Personal, military, and professional certi­ficates

Handwritten report of his military activities describing 10 years, l-1/2 months at sea 36 months in the colonies 4 years and 3 months fought in five battles

One booklet: "Service Report" Notebook and four 3" x 4" cards with notes Notebook with medical reports

Subseries 2: Personal correspondence

Letters to his mother; One letter of May 29, 1883 from M. L. Pierre

about Franyois-Jules Harmand to his mother, Mme. Harmand; one to M. L. Pierre in Saigon from Mme. Harmand

Letters from members of the Francis Garnier family; also, photos and a newspaper clipping on the monument in St . Etienne in honor or Garnier, , Jan. 13, 1902

Letters fro~ the University of Strasbourg to Mme. Harmand, 1922

A notebook listing books of Harmand

Subseries 3: Diplomas and other official documents (located in Box 5)

Diplomatic appointments and certificates

Letters of introduction and recommendation

Harmand, Franyois- Jules. Papers.

Box Folder Description

5

1

or envelope

3

4

8

9.

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

Series I. Personal papers, [1845-1922]~1956 (cont.}

Subseries 3: Diplomas and other official docu­ments (located in Box 5} (cont.}

Diplomas

Certificates from academic societies

Subseries 4: Biographical and autobiographical notes

Handwritten notes; a typewritten biography (probably written by his son-in-law, Lieutenant- Colonel d'Hangouwart)

Newspaper clippings

Photos, 1862- 1921

Necrology

Series II. Explorations in Southeast Asia

Subseries 1: Notes, · pencil drawings, and travel reports

Notebook and four 3" x 4" cards with notes, 1866

Notebook with loose notes, 1867

Notebook with loose notes

Travel report, 1874

Notes and maps, 1875

Letters of introduction

Travel reports one by Dr. H. Vergniaud, 1876 - see also his letter to Harmand of Jan . 1911

Harmand, Fran9ois- Jules. Papers.

Box Folder or envelope

1 19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

Description

Series II. Explorations in. Southeast Asia (cont.)

Subseries 2: Notes describing his· exploratory travels (cont.)

Notes, May 1875-June 1875

Notes, November 1875-December 1875

Notes, January-May 1876

Notes, February-April 1877

Notes, no year, probably 1876

Two notebooks of about the same period, 1875-1877, with nautical annotations and drawings

Notes, January 9-31, 1877

Subseries 3: Language studies, archaeological drawings and notes

Language studies; archaeological drawings

Photos and notes

Subseries 4: Various reports

Report to the French Governor, Admiral Dupre, c. 1876-1877

Report to the minister of education (Cultes et Beaux-Arts, related to 33 and 34)

Notes for a zoological report to a minister, £· April 1876

Report to the director of a museum of natural history, April 20, 1876

Report, incomplete, probably c. 1876

One notebook containing copies of telegrams, 1883

Same as 33 (cont.)

Harrnand, Fran~ois-Jules. Papers.

Box Folder

1

2

or envelope

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

1

2

3

4

Description

Series II ; Explorations in· Southeast Asia (cont.)

Subseries 5: Anthropological, zoological, and ethnographic notebooks

One notebook, £· 1875, with drawings and loose notes. The notebook was used for anthropol ­ogical and ethnographic studies

One anthropological notebook

Photos and drawings relating to 38

One notebook of zoological notes, n.d., probably .£· 1875

Subseries 6: Genealogical table of the Vietnamese Royal Family, Nguy€n

Subseries 7: Correspondence

Letters, 1873- 1874, by Jean Dupuis . Dupuis, a trader, was also a promoter of French rule over Southeast Asia. The letters are addressed to Blancheton, who was a former consul to Siam

Correspondence, 1870- 1876

Correspondence, 1877- 1881 and undated mail of that period

Series III. Work on natural history in France

Subseries 1: Manuscripts and reports

Fragmentary notes about the organization of Indochina

Report on a projected railroad in Southeast Asia, April 4, .£· 1877

Report on proposed business school for Indo­chinese in Paris

Report about the Island de Khong

Harmand, Franyois- Jules. Papers

Box Folder

2

or envelope

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

Description

Series III. Work on natural history in France (cont.)

Subseries 1: Manuscripts and reports (cont.)

Report to M. Milnes- Edwards, Scientific repre­sentative of the French government. Attached is a proposal for a trip to Indochina, July 1881

Report on administration of the colonies

A confidential report by Harmand for an economic and scientific dictionary

Subseries 2: Manuscripts, reports and notes about "the country and the people," in­cluding ethnographic reports and photographs

Notes - "Indochinese Races" with pencil drawings

Notes for a lecture, mostly crossed out

Instructions for missionaries going to Vietnam

General notes about Vietnam, products, etc. with some sketches

Miscellaneous notes, a notebook about Vietnam

Notes from a conference, c. 1880, covering various topics, !·~· products, plants, vegetables, fruits and grains

Description of rice culture, 1869

Four 9" x 12" photos of rice paddies

Photos of indigenous population

Two notebooks, one a bibliography on Indochina, 1880

Harmand, Franyois-Jules . Papers . · ' I

Box Folder

2

or envelope

18

"19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

Description • "!

Series IV. Consular appointment to Siam

Subseries 1: Official reports and documents

Military reports , including hand-drawn maps

Report on the installation of a French tele­graph line

Notes conce~ning the border between Siam and Cambodia

Receipts

Various notes

Administrative documents and recommendations , £ · 1883 , from Bangkok

A report concerning the French-Siamese question

A report concerning· the political interests of France and England in Siam and Burma , written in Paris , · 1885

Notes. documenting the French interest and influence in Siam, author unknown, 1881

Subseries. 2 : , Newspaper reports and clippings

Newspaper clippings

One reprint: Indochinese Affairs , Paris, 1884, in French

Subseries 3: Documents concerning military affairs

Report about border conflicts , 1883

Contemporary copy of the Convention of Hueof August 23 , 1883 and comments concerning it

Harmand, Franyois- Jules. Papers.

Box Folder

2

or envelope

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

Description

Series IV. Consular appointment to Siam (cont.)

Subseries 4: Journals, 1881- 1883

Journals, 1881-1882. Bangkok

Journals, 1882-1883. Bangkok

Subseries 5: Various reports and documents

Notes about unrest in Tonkin, n.d., probably written 1881- 1883

Conference, Annam-Tonkin, £· 1881

Notes about Cambodia, probably 1883

Various undated notes, including those on "!'affaire de Langson," n.d.

Notes by Colonel Laurent, January 9, 1883, about Tonkin, annotated by Harmand

Memoirs written by M. de Beaumont, 1882- 1883, annotated by Harmand

Official documents in Thai concerning regu­lations of the French government and letters of introduction

Subserie s 6: Correspondence

1881

January-July 1882

August-September 1882

October- December 1882

A notebook, "Non-Official correspondence," 1882-1883 with copies of letters written by his wife

Photographic Ethnography

Garo women of Assam Tibetan women of Darjeeling

Harmand, Fran~ois-Jules. Papers.

Box Folder

3

or envelope

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

Description

Series IV. Consular appointment to Siam (cont.)

Subseries 6 : Correspondence (cont.)

January-March 1883

April-July 1883

August-September 1883

October-December 1883

Undated letters belonging to the period 1881-1883

Series V. Consul General's appointment to Calcutta, India

Subseries 1: Official reports, contemporary copies

Report on the organization of French-Indochina, 1885

Report on communication in French-Indochina, 1885

Military report by M. de Torey, discussing occupation, 1886

Report on boundaries

Report on the organization of Annam, c. 1885

Report on French military forces in Indochina, c . 1885

Report on carbon mines in Tonkin, n . d.

Subseries 2: Notes

Notes on Indian government, n.d.

Notes on administration in the French colonies

Notes on special affairs in Indochina and a newspaper clipping describing Harrnand's opinion, annotated, National, April 1, 2, 1885

Harrnand, Fran~ois-Jules. Papers.

Box Folder

3

or envelope

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

Description

Series V. Consul General's appointment to Calcutta, India (cont.)

Subseries 2: Notes (cont.)

Notes discussing various issues, including border problems with China

Notes, possibly a draft for a letter of that period

A letter by M. Fontaine, 1890, discussing navigable waterways

Subseries 3: Photos

Photos ( < 9" x 12")

Photos (> 9" x 12")

Subseries 4: Journal and notes

One journal and notes

Notes on a book by Sir John Strachey, which Harmand translated (see also correspondence , 1890-1894)

Subseries 5 : Correspondence

January-June 1884

July-December 1884

1885

1886

1887

1888

1889

1890, and undated material of that period

Harmand, Franyois-Jules. Papers.

Box

3

4

Folder or envelope

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

1

2

3

4

Description

Series VI. Assignment to Chile, 1890

Subseries 1: Official statement, notes

Official letter from the foreign ministry sending Harmand to Chile

Papers concerning the retirement of M. de Bacourt, a French government official in Santiago

Subseries 2: August Dreyfus affair in Chile and Peru

Correspondence, 1890

Newspaper clippings

Subseries 3: Correspondence

1884-1893

Series VII. Sojourn in Japan through 1906

Subseries 1: Journals, copies of · telegrams received and sent

One journal, diplomatic affairs, 1894- 1895

Telegrams, 1894-1899

Telegrams, 1900-1901

Telegrams, 1902-1905

Telegrams, 1905-1906

Subseries 2: Political reports, treaties and laws

Treaty of August 4, 1896, between France and Japan and various notes (see also corres­pondence of June 6 and July 1, 1897)

Notes about organization in Vietnam and Laos, two notebooks, labelled A and B, 1894

Copy of report of the French Consul in Canton, Dec. 1894

Harmand, Franyois-Jules. Papers.

Box Folder

4

or envelope

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

Description

Series VII. Sojourn in Japan through 1906 (cont.)

Subseries 3: Documents and notes relating to the French-Siamese conflict, 1893-1894

Handwritten notes relating to the French­Siamese conflict, 1893-1894

One reprint from the ministry of Foreign Affairs, 1893, relating to Subseries 4; 1894 newspaper clippings

Subseries 4: Yersin affair

Th~ee reports, 1893, by Yersin to the Governor­General, one proclamation about the revolts in Binh Thanh, June 1893, probably dictated to Yersin by several mandarins; also 8 pp. of handwritten notes relating to the above; also Sun Yat-sen's handwritten proposal and related letter.

Various letters, notes , reprints relating to Yersin, 1892-1894, and photographs taken by Yersin

Letters from Yer3in to Harmand, 1895-1900

Subseries 5 : Photographs

Photographs, Japan

One album, 1895 , with photos taken by Alex Halot and presented to M. and Mme . Harmand

Subseries 6 : Natural history studies

Notes and reprints, 1890. Two sets of 2"x3" cards on various subjects (wood, mushrooms, textiles, rice , etc .) in box 5, i.e . 5-6 and 5-7

Harmand, Fran9ois-Jules. Papers.

Box Folder

4

or envelope

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

Description

Series VII. Sojourn in Japan through 1906 (cont.)

Subseries 7: Correspondence

1891- 1893

1894

1895

1896-1898

1899-1900

1900- 1906

Series VIII. Activities after his retirement in France

Subseries 1: Newspaper clippings and reviews

Newspaper clippings, 1910- 1911

Reviews of his publications, 1910- 1912

Subseries 2: Correspondence, 1907-1922

Subseries 3: Undated material

BIBLIOGRAPHY

La rectite dysenterique endemique en Cochinchine, Paris, 1872 - thesis

"Aper<;u Pathologique Sur La Cochinchine," Versailles, 1874. from Memoires de la Societe'des sciences naturelles et medicales de Seine- et-Oise.

"Voyage au Cambodge," Paris, 1876. from Bulletin de la SociErte de geographie .

"Notes Sur Les Provinces du Bassin Meridional Du Se-Moun (Laos et Cambodge Siamois) ," Paris, 1877. from Bulletin de la Societe de geographie.

"Rapport sur une mission en Indo-Chine . De Bassac A Hue (16 Avril-14, AoGt 1877) , Archives des Missions scientifiques et litteraires, 3rd series , V, 1878. Bulletin de la Societe de geographie. Paris, 1879.

"Le Laos et Les Populations Sauvages de L'Indo-Chine," 1879. from Tour du Monde.

Les races Indo-chinoises, 1881.

"Etude sur la vegetation, !'administration et les produits des for~ts de Birmanie anglaise. " Government publication , 1883

L'Affaire du Tonkin, 1884

L'Indo-Chine Fransaise, Politique et Administration, Paris, 1887

L'Inde, Paris, 1892. (Translation of Sir John Strachey, India, London, 1888)

"Colonisation et col ons ," Revue Politique et Litte"raire, Revue Bleue, 1908

"M. de Lucy-Fossarieu, Notice necrologique d'un diplomate ," Paris, 1908

"Les conditions et les necessites de la politique coloniale franyaise " Revue pour les Franyais, IV, 1909. pp. 270

"Une Necessite" de L'Expansion Fran~aise: L' Autonomie Coloniale," Paris, 1909 from Revue pour les Franrais.

Domination et Colonisation, Paris, 1910 (Bibliotheque de Philosophie Scientique}

"Que lques reflexions sur laguerre et la conqu~te coloniales." Revue Politique et Litteraire. Revue Bleue, 1910. p . 65

"Un coup d 1 oeil sur la situation de L1 Indochine ." Revue des Franyais, VI, 1911. p. 118

" De l 1 etat de l 1ethnographie indochinoise ." Revue d :Ethnographie et des Traditions populaires , I, 1920.

"Projet de Voyage Scientifique Dans L 1 Interieur de L1 Indo-Chine "

MAPS

F. Deloncle . L'Isthme de Kra (Golfe du Bengale au Golfe de Siam), 1881

Leon Dru . Border between Siam and the Province of Tenasserim, 1881

J. L. Dutreuil de Rhins. Southeast Asia, 1879. annotated

Fran~ois-Ju1es Harmand . Bassac, La Khan and Hu~, 1877 . annotated

Southeast Asia, 1876-1877

An expedition in Vietnam, 1876