Guide to Sustainia

8/2/2019 Guide to Sustainia

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Guideto

SuStainia

explorinG theSuStainable Society o tomorrow

1s edition




1s edition

Guideto

SuStainia



Guideto

SuStainia

he people behind the Guide to Sustainia:he idea and vision or this book has been developed by theartners o the Project Green Light (see back cover or ullst o members) in itiated by Monday Morning, Scandinavia’srgest independent Think Tank and Weekly magazine.

ditor and Project Director:aura Storm

riterstro (Per Meilstrup & Laura Storm), City (Laura Storm),ome (Laura Storm), Transportation (Justin Gerdes), Energyakob Riiskjær & Laura Storm)

oo readustin Gerdes

esearchadia Meyer

esigneter Ørnto t

he secretariat o the Project Green Lightonday Morning

alkendor sgade 13, P.O. Box 1127K-1009 Copenhagen Khone: +45 33939323ww.greengrowthleaders.orgww.mm.dk

5 4 1 P r i n t e d m a t t e r 4 5

7


1s edition



bout this version o the Guide to Sustainia:his is a rst edition o the Guide to Sustainia launched inctober 2011. At the Rio+20 Summit in June 2012 the P rojectreen Light will launch the ull vision o Sustainia includingl key building blocks or a sustainable uture. Besides theements included in this edition we will include: Food, re-il, workplace, clothing/ ashion, water and other elements

mportant in our society.

his version o the guide will there ore be urther developedith the help o t he architects o the sustainable economy.

Forewordpage 8

welcome to SuStainiapage 10

citieSpage 40

HomeSpage 70

energypage 96

tranSportationpage 120

BiBliograpHypage 140

contentS



the greatest storynever told



8 9

This is a book about making what mayseem impossible a reality. About cre-ating a better uture. We know climatechange is real; it changes our planetand seriously a ects the people whoshare it. Curbing climate change is areal challenge.

What we don’t seem to be aware o isthat we actually do have a choice. Wecan solve the challenge. In act, muchgroundwork has already been laid.

Innovative businesses, cities and de-velopers are already developing thenuts, bolts and designs o a more sus-tainable uture. This book compilesreal initiatives and real technologies

o sacri ces and restraints, Sustainiashows us how sustainable solutionscan contribute to real improvementsin people’s lives.

As Antoine de Saint Exupéry said:

"I you want to build a ship, don'tdrum up people to collect wood anddon't assign them tasks and work, butrather teach them to long or the end-less immensity o t he sea."

Sustainia is a realist ic vision. We hopeit will inspire real change.

Erik RasmussenCEO and Founder o Monday Morningand Green Growth Leaders

rom all parts o t he world into an en-tirely attainable vision o sustainableliving. It paints a ascinating pictureo a new sustainable society.

That is the purpose o this book: Paint-ing a act-based picture o a desirable

uture. With a select g roup o interna-tional companies and organizations,we have gathered acts, experienceand expert solutions to give a real andtangible impression o what could bereality as soon as in 2020, i we makethe right choices today.

The Guide to Sustainia sets a new tonein communication about sustainabil-ity. Rather than representing a uture

oreword

rom dream to reality



1 Sustainia is a act based sce-nario, but we thought it natural torecognize a long tradition or theidea o “ecotopias,” e.g. utopiaswhere humanity and naturestrikes an ideal balance, most

amously the French philosopherRousseau’s idea o ”naturalman” (1754). In 2002, The GlobalScenario Group (GSG) in theirscienti c work also discussed theidea o ecotopias (”Great Transi-tion: The Promise and Lure o theTimes Ahead”).2 An extensive body o studiesexplore roadmaps and blueprintstowards 2020, 2030, and 2050,most linked to the UN negotiatingprocess known as COPs (Con er-ence o Parties) aimed at agree-ing on a global convention to pre-vent dangerous climate change,i.e. a 2 degree rise in global meantemperature above pre-industriallevels, through reducing emissionso greenhouse gasses. IPCC. 2007.Climate Change 2007: Synthesis

Report. McKinsey & Company.2007. In McKinsey Quarterly - Acost curve or greenhouse gasreduction. OECD/IEA. 2010. WorldEnergy Outlook 2010..3 Copenhagen Climate Council &ClimateWorks Foundation. 2009The business case or a strongglobal deal.4 Green Growth Leaders & UCBerkeley. 2011. Shaping The GreenGrowth Economy.5 United Nations General As-sembly. 1987. Report o the WorldCommission on Environmentand Development: Our CommonFuture.6 Brechin, S. R. 2003. Compara-tive public opinion and knowl-edge on global climatic changeand the Kyoto Protocol: the USversus the world? & Ryghaug,M. 2011. Obstacles to sustainabledevelopment: the destabilizationo climate change knowledge.12 13

welcomeo

SuStainiawhy do weneed SuStainia?

Sustainia is a place – a world –here we have decided to live li e toe ullest 1. Where quality o li e ishat matters. It’s a desirable place.place you would want to go, i you

new about it. Once there, you wouldant to stay, make a li e or yoursel

nd your amily.

Sustainia is our vision o what astainable world would look like and

e like to live in. Sustainia is not atopia, or a distant dream. Sustainiabased on acts, solutions, and ready

nd available technologies 2. The vi-on o Sustainia bene ts rom a richool o authoritative sources that in-udes the world’s leading universi-es and the most respected globalstitutions, organizations, and cor-

orations. Together, they provide alid plat orm o re search, know how,

nalysis, orecasts, and experience.

This guide will take you on a jour-ey to Sustainia. It is ascinating cit-s you wouldn’t want to leave. It is at-active homes where you would want

live. We will give you a clear andoncrete insight into how Sustainians

our citizens – are getting around,ow they live, and how they commu-cate.

Sustainia is not uturistic science ction – it is a concreteproposal on how we could live a better li e in 2020 – t he yearon which we base the v ision or Sustainia. It i s not tomorrow,but close enough or you to get the picture: This could hap-pen now i we boldly implemented the solutions needed andalready available 3. 2020 is also close enough or us to be ableto orecast with a high degree o precision. Thanks to yearso scienti c research and exchange o ideas between compa-nies, we have a good idea o what is possible and what willhelp us create a susta inable and healthy society.

We will still ace immense challenges in 2020, and thatyear will only mark the beginning o a systems trans or-mation 4. Sustainia is a step in a new direction. It is a steptowards the ultimate goal de ned by the Brundtland Com-mission on Sustainable Development in 1978 5: Letting uturegenerations enjoy the same opportunities as we do today.

In Sustainia, we will drive cooler vehicles, live in smarterhouses, and eat healthier ood. Our cities will be built orpeople, not cars. Our amilies will enjoy cleaner air and wa-ter.

We look orward to showing you around.

It is quite simple, really. A uturethat is appealing, engaging, and at-tractive, something you want to bepart o , has the power to promotechange. Doomsday scenarios and pic-tures o melting icebergs can catchpeople’s attention or a moment butwill never create the excitement andengagement necessary. These imagescreate distance and a barrier to ac-tion. It is too complex or most peopleto get their head around the scienti cdata behind climate change and theactions they could take to create posi-tive change 6.

We believe change is motivated by

letting people in on what exciting pos-sibilities a sustainable uture holds.Let them get a sense o how theireveryday li e could be improved bychanging their routines and productsto more sustainable ones. Sustain-ability is not about no hot showers, nolight, no heat in winter, and no un.Sustainability is about improving yourquality o li e. People seem unaware

o this. Unaware o what sustainabil-ity means or how they could live, howtheir cities and transportation couldbe better. They are con used. And wedon’t blame them.

What would have happened i Mar-tin Luther King Jr. had said: I have anightmare? Probably not much. Butthat is what we have been doing. Wehave travelled the world with ourPowerPoint slides about res, deserts,melting icebergs, and catastrophicfoods. We have tried selling our sus-tainable solutions by speaking to peo-ple’s ears or moral obligations. Butthis has not created the change weneed. People are not inspired, moti-vated, or engaged. Just the opposite.

We couldn’t nd any clear explana-tions o a sustainable uture that gave

people a clear idea o what a trans or-mation to a sustainable society wouldmean to them.

So we decided to create Sustainia.

i g S s s , s ss g s s -

s s “s s ” . w s k g g :

• Shell: “Shell E nerg Scenarios to 2050” (20 09) and“Signals & Signposts” (2010).The Shell scenario work

s s.• The Intergovernmental Panel on Clim ate Change’s

”ipcc S r e ss s S s”(2000), which suggested 40 scenario families, thes - SreS-s s.

• National Intellig ence Center: “Global trend s 2025:

A transformed world” (2008), NIC provides intelli-g u.S. g .



14 15

who iS behindthe viSion oSuStainia?

Behind Sustainia stands a group o experts, companies, and communica-tion experts. We have come together

rom di erent sectors, regions, anddisciplines to develop a credible andtangible picture o a sustainable u-ture 7.

Our approach is shaped by long ex-perience in sustainability – and rus-tration with the pace o change.

We contend that in order or con-sumers, employees, and citizens tobecome agents o change at the speedand scale required we need to o erthem a point o re erence and a posi-tive, common aspiration.

With diverse backgrounds in busi-ness, politics, and science, we havecollaborated or a year within Project

Green Light to create a positive and in-spiring visualization o what sustain-able living means: How will my li e bebetter in a more sustainable world?

As a group, we believe that changeis needed, and that we need to changethe way we communicate about sus-tainability. We will never see change

at the scale needed i we constantlyput orward negative scenarios. Whowants to ollow a pessimist?

who we are– memberS o the project Green liGht

companieS• General Electric• Microsoft• DONG Energ• CISCO• DNV, Det Norske Veritas• veStaS• Philips Lighting• SAS Scandinavian Airlines• Tetra Pak• IKEA• velux• InterfaceFLOR• Knoll

• BIG Architects• Futerra Sustainabilit Communications

orGaniSationS• Green Growth leaders• Chinadialogue• Centre for Social Markets, India• Climate Group China• WWF, Earth Hour

sUstaInIa Is asaFe, ProsPeroUs,and eXcItIng des-

tInatIon. QUalItyoF lIFe Is ProBa-Bly even Betterthan where yoUcome From. allIt taKes are therIght choIces.

7 For urther in ormation on Proj-ect Green Light, please visit www.greengrowthleaders.org.



16 17

deStination:SUSTAINIA 2020

It is 2020 – the dawn o the low-car-bon economy.

Decades o intense research is driv-

ing a slow-but-steady trans ormationo the energy system rom unsustain-able ossil uels to renewable sources.In Sustainia, this trans ormation nur-tures a range o new businesses, prod-ucts, and services 8 that grow the econ-omy without growing carbon.

We have begun to apply the insightsand understanding so i ntensely debat-ed at the beginning o the millennium– that green can be compatible withgrowth and prosperity. That the glob-al energy, ood, water, health, poverty,security, and confict crises are inter-connected, and have to be addressedcohesively and collaboratively acrossborders, sectors, and economies 9.

The way we consume and produceis still not sustainable in 2020, in aworld with 7.8 billion people, but weare getting there. Focus has shi ted

rom costs and conficting interests toinvestments, pragmatism, shared re-sponsibilities – and the opportunitieso ered by the green economy 10.

Sustainia is a proftable place orbusiness

In Sustainia, the global market orcleantech and renewable energy has

or two decades been the most lucra-tive market o all 11. Private sector in-vestment in the trans ormation o theglobal energy system increases dra-matically year by year.

A race to the top among entrepre-neurs, investors, and multinationalcorporations to deliver the most in-novative low-carbon solutions contin-ues apace. An important driver is theprice on carbon, controlled through apatchwork o regional emissions trad-ing schemes and energy taxes.

The push or non- ossil uel-basedproducts and services is the new, ma-

jor driver i n the g lobal economy, muchlike the ICT industry be ore it. Thenumber o businesses that ully ac-count or their resource fow t hrough-out the value chain rises steadily.An annual sustainability report isstandard. Progressive companies arethose that drive ambitious eco-stew-ardship throughout the value chain,and engage actively in the communi-

ty. Greenwashing is not acceptable.

The market or sustainable prod-ucts and solutions is very pro table,and innovative businesses compete

or rst-mover advantage within thenew elds o trans ormative tech-nologies and products that reduce orreplace unsustainable behavior.

1

2

3

4

5

Sustainability strategy = Businessstrategy. Sustainability drives innova-tion.

Employees are the secret weapon tosuccess. Engagement and education isessential.

Speak with – rather than to your cus-tomers.

Supply chain management and rela-tions are o highest priority.

New talent pre ers companies with astrong sustainability pro le: They havesigned the MBA Green Oath

TOP 5 BUSINESS TRENDS IN SUSTAINIA

8 Green Growth Leaders & UCBerkeley. 2011. From Religion toReality.9 World Economic Forum. 2011.Global Risks.10 Shell. 2009. Shell EnergyScenarios or 2050. Shell. 2010.Signals & Signposts.11 Bloomberg. 2010. New EnergyFinance.

Source:The above list builds on variesbusiness orecasts, blogs andinterviews



r a i l r o a d

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18 19

Sustainia value the civil society asa key player

NGOs and civil society movementsplay a more signi cant role in societythan ever be ore. In Sustainia, may-ors, presidents, and prime ministersrisk their mandate i they can’t rallysupport rom civil society movements.Likewise, success ul industries part-ner with NGOs to get their input andadvice on strategy and supply-chainmanagement. Collaboration is essen-tial in Sustainia.

Success ul societies emerge whenindustrialists and environmentalists– whether NGOs, scientists, thoughtleaders, or politicians – align their inter-ests 12. The old guard o environmentalNGOs (W WF, NRDC, and Greenpeace)

SuStainia:the new driver o Growth

G Gdp

have ocused on climate change andsustainability or a long time – manyover 30 years – and have earned cred-ibility as multinational entities withimmense expertise, outreach, andinfuence on the public debate 13. Pre-viously, business-NGO relations weremostly con rontational, and many o the biggest environmental NGOs weredeeply critical o business 14.

In Sustainia, businesses view NGOsas trusted strategic partners, essentialto their work on climate change andsustainability. They realize that NGOspossess an understanding o sustain-ability – the science, the policy, andthe strategic implications – and thatthey can accelerate their strategy de-velopment process by drawing on thisexpertise 15.

In this way, leading NGOs are mov-ing rom the sphere o “doing good”to “doing business” – but maintainingthe objective o sustainable develop-ment.

Meanwhile, “old” business models andands, highly dependent on oil, coal,

nd gas, are increasingly losing theirstoric strong positions.

A growing number o products andrvices carry eco-labels. Many com-

anies demand proper labeling andrti cates throughout their value

hain. Supply-chain managementoes hand in hand with eco-labeling.nergy-wasting products have lostarket share. Energy-conscious con-mers have captured the attention o EOs. Marketing products as “green”so last decade – green and sustain-

ble has to be part o the product, ser-ce, or solution. Consumers want to

now the added bene ts rom usingis product.

Source: This illustration buildson research carried out by theUC Berkeley (2011). The graph

demonstrates that a low-carbontrans ormation holds the potentialo being the new growth driver

12 Green Growth Leaders & UCBerkeley. 2011. From religion toreality.13 Esty, D. & Winston, A. 2006.Green to Gold – How smartcompanies use environmentalstrategy to innovate, create value,and build competitive advantage.P.69.& Storm, L. 2010. The lowcarbon business trans ormation– An empirical analysis o the keydrivers, strategic approaches andchallenges o low carbon businessstrategies. P.58.14 Esty, D. & Winston, A. 2006.Ibid. P.69 & Arenas et al. 2009.The Role o NGO’s in CSR: Mutualperceptions among stakeholders,

journal and business ethics. P.17615 Storm, L. 2010. Ibid.



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Produced output in USD per ton CO2 emitted.

Share o wind energy in the totalelectricity production globally

Global population, billion people

world that is ever changing: rom to 2010-2020

2010 2020

People living in rural areas, per cent

Share o renewable in the EU out o total energy production, per cent

Number o electric and hybrid carsglobally, million cars

People living in cities, per cent

Global emissions o CO2, Gt

Source:These numbers builds on re-sources rom the ollowing:• United Nations PopulationDivision - World Population Pros-pects: The 2010 Revision• The IEA’s 2010 World EnergyOutlook• McKinsey & Co.• International Wind Energy De -velopment – World Update 2010• EU Commission20 21

actS & iGureS



22 23

hiStory:what ShapedSuStainia

The history o Sustainia dates backundreds o years. From the rst ob-rvations o negative human impact

n nature more than 1,000 years ago,concerns over smoke rom coal-

urning in London in the 13th centu-, to the visible pollution rom acto-es during the Industrial Revolution,nd to the discovery in the 1960s thatraying DDT caused cancer in hu-ans and killed wildli e.

Each time, when humans realizedat their actions had a negative e -ect on the natural environment, de-ate ensued, but slowly, over centu-es, it led to an increasing scienti cnderstanding o ecosystems and,

modern times, environmentalismas born.

During the 1960s and 1970s, govern-ents began to deploy comprehen-ve policy mixes or environmentalotection, and dedicated extensivesources to research the pollution o r, water, and soil, and the t reatment waste and chemicals.

In 1983, the UN asked a group o ex-erts to advise global leaders on how

obtain “sustainable development,”

health declining, not least becauseo a steep rise in global populationand rapid urbanization, governmentsstruggled to implement the instru-ments that would reduce pollution.

Global political summits ailed todeliver political agreements support-ed by all key nations, notably in Co-penhagen, in December 2009, at the

UN Con erence on Climate Change,when 122 Heads o State met to agreeon a new, global treaty to halt globalwarming – and ailed.

However, 2009 also marked a newbeginning or leadership within busi-ness and civil society. Business lead-ers demonstrated that sustainabil-ity could be pro table, and that they

From the UN Eart h Summit, 1992 (Photo: UN Photo/Michos Tzavaros)

could develop the solutions needed toensure a low-carbon trans ormation.

The Rio+20 Summit, in 2012, was apower ul demonstration o sustain-able solutions that could put societyon a more sustainable path. Busi-ness leaders there stepped up to theplate and inspired political leaders bystressing this act: We have at hand

all the solutions and technologies weneed to usher in t he low-carbon age.

And today we have Sustainia.

and, in 1987, Norwegian politicianGro Harlem Brundtland, who headedthe World Commission on Environ-ment and Development (or BrundtlandCommission), released a report urgingglobal collaboration on environmen-tal protection. The report gave us thede nition o sustainability we still usetoday.

In 1992, the UN summoned globalleaders to Rio to initiate a collective,political response to the deteriora-tion o global resources. Governmentsthen aced a harsh reality and historicdilemma: Economic growth versussustainable development.

At the end o the millennium, envi-ronmentalism spread rom civil soci-ety movements to the private sector,where progressive companies started

to develop strategies or social andenvironmental responsibility. In par-allel, ever-more companies started toshape their business models aroundproducts and services developed inresponse to environmental pressures.

As scientists assembled evidencethat resources were depleting, wild-li e and orests su ering, and human

the de inition o SuStainability:“Sustainable development is development that meets theneeds o the present without compromising the ability o

uture generations to meet their own needs.” 16

16 United Nations General As-sembly. 1987 Report o the WorldCommission on Environmentand Development: Our CommonFuture.



24 25

Rio+2012 mark a new beginning.Business convinces political leadersthat sustainable economic growth ispossible.

Earth Summit, held in Johannes-burg – taking stock a ter Rio in 1992

The Kyoto Protocol was negotiated.Countries that rati y this protocolcommit to reduce their emissions o carbon dioxide and ve other green-house gases.

The Earth Summit, held in Rio de Janeiro rom June 3 to June 14, wasunprecedented or a United Nationscon erence, in terms o its size andthe scope o its concerns.

Intergovernmental Panel on Cli-mate Change (IPCC) was establishedby the World Meteorological Organi-zation (WMO) and the United NationsEnvironment Programme (UNEP) toassess the “risk o human-inducedclimate change.”

The Report o the Brundtland Com-mission, Our Common Future on sus-tainable development, is published.

Chlorofuorocarbons are rst hy-pothesized to cause ozone thinning.

The Con erence on the Human En-ronment, held in Stockholm, therst o a series o world environmen-l con erences.

Rachel Carson publishes Silent Spring,which documented the detrimental e -

ects o pesticides on the environment.The book is o ten said to have birthedmodern environmentalism.

World Wildli e Fund (WWF) regis-tered as an international organization

or the conservation, research, and res-toration o the natural environment.

The death o English textile workerNellie Kershaw rom asbestosis wasthe rst account o disease attributedto occupational asbestos exposure.

Swedish physicist speculates thatchanges in the levels o carbon diox-ide in the atmosphere could substan-tially alter the sur ace temperaturethrough “the greenhouse e ect.”

The term “acid rain” is coined byRobert Angus Smith in the book Airand Rain.

Philadelphia committee, led by Ben- jamin Franklin, attempts to regulatewaste disposal and water pollution.

The English Parliament passes anact orbidding the throwing o lthand garbage into ditches, rivers, andwaterways.

Cuthbert o Lindis arne enacts leg-lation to protect birds on the Farnelands (Northumberland, UK).

676 1762 - 1769

1987 1992 2002972

1896 1961

1388 1872

1988 1997 20121974

1924 1962

timeline o environmentalism

de ininG momentS inhiStory that led toSuStainia



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26 27

GettinG there:he road to SuStainia

Getting to Sustainia won’t happenovernight.

Arriv ing sa ely requires many choic-es and actions. Most importantly: Wecannot make it there by ourselves. Wehave to go together, all o us.

The warming planet and depletiono natural capital are g lobal problemsin a globalized world. The responsehas to be coordinated, collaborative,and care ully planned. Environmentalproblems are interconnected througha well-balanced and complex globalsystem. I we alter one part, we riskimpacting other parts – or tipping thebalance altogether 17.

Furthermore, the e ects ollow spe-ci c time-bound trajectories 18. Globalemissions o CO2 must be reduced byat least 50-85% in 2050. I we don’t ini-tiate the sustai nable trajectory today,so that emissions peak in 2020, wewill not be able to halt global warm-ing below dangerous levels.

The link to nature was, un ortu-nately, not generally refected in the“old” economic model. The price o aproduct was based on the cost o hu-man resources and materials, not thecost o pollution o our common natu-ral good. In 2020, this has started tochange, and that is one o the mostimportant pathways to create a sus-tainable economy.

The notion that we do not have thetools to con ront the environmental

crisis changed in the 2000s. Numer-ous projections and orecasts told uswe had most o the needed technolo-gies, policies, and in ormation. Whilethere is no “silver bullet” – a singletechnology or political agreementthat will solve the problem – an arrayo complementary measures do exi st.

We know what to do. Fixing theproblem comes down to the human

actors: Choices, collaboration, anddecisions.

17 Richardson, K. et al. 2011.Climate Change: Global Risks,Challenges and Decisions.18 IPCC. 2007. Climate Change2007: Synthesis Report

Source:The graph is based on IPCC(2007) that predicts a potentialdecrease in emissions a ter 2020i we succeed the trans ormationto a low-carbon society

SuStainia:A TURNING POINT IN GLOBAL CO2 EMISSIONS

G Gdp



28 29

Examples o vehicles that together canke us to a sustainable uture 19.

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19 A number o studies and recom-mendations to policymakers

orm the basis o these examples,including IPCC, McKinsey &Company, World EconomicForum, World Business Council onSustainable Development, Corpo-rate Leaders Group, CopenhagenClimate Council, IEA et al.20 Carbon Disclosure Project. 2011.CDP Cities 2011 – Global report onC40 cities.21 Copenhagen Climate Council,Blood D. & Cameron J. 2009.Capitalizing Capital Towards theLow-Carbon Economy.

he routeS we canTAKE TO SUSTAINIA



liGhtinG: Switch to led

retro ittinG buildinGS

re oreStation

bio uelSe icient reSidential applianceS (TV, RADIO, COFFEEMAKER)

oreSt protection

orGanic Soil reStoration

hybrid carS

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cSS (CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE)

e iciency improvementSGeothermal power

nuclear

(This illustration is based on theMcKinsey Global GHG AbatementCost Curve v2.1, 2010)30 31

echnoloGieShat helped

createSuStainia

These are some o the technologiese have implemented in Sustainia toeate a low-carbon desirable societ y.y implementing these technologiesa cost o 1 percent o global GDP

Gross Domestic Product) we will en-re a reduction o CO2 emissions ate level required to stabilize climate

hange.

Cost- ree or pro table technologiesNeed investments technologies



32 33

anGuaGe:SPEAKINGSuStainian

The language o Sustainia is easy tonderstand. The words are clear, theessages are empowering and thenguage is inclusive. Even so, it took many years to get it just right. Itok some time be ore we understoode importance o the words and mes-ges that would ensure the engage-ent needed to build a sustainableciety.

We realised that it took more thanchnology to create Sustainia. It tookuch more than discussions aboutglobal political treaty. And it tookuch more than scaring people aboute dangers o climate change. Whattook was the right use o commu-cation and inspiring people to help

uild a desirable uture.

Sustainia introduced simple, butdical new ways o communicating

nd talking about climate change,verpopulation, pollution etc. Wei ted the rhetoric into one that o-

used on concrete and easy actions,ositive images o the sustainable so-ety and the bene ts o joining theathway to Sustainia.

The shi t to a new language startedwhen communicators began to learn

rom the masters o positivity anddreams: Marketers.

Marketers know that scaring or de-pressing their audience simply isn’tgood or business. The aim o most

rms’ communications is simple: tosell. Businesses may sell a product.They may sell a serv ice. Take a closerlook and it’s likely they are selling ali estyle. The skilled marketer is ex-pert in promoting dreams and aspira-tions, with the most success ul globalbrands being built on th is idea. A mar-

Selling dreams not nightmaresThe people living in Sustainia did

not come here because o ear or theuture. No – they were excited about

the uture and it’s potential. Theywere persuaded to come here due tothe high degree o engagement theywere o ered and because they couldclearly see that they could improvetheir quality o li e by taking this

journey.

Ask any audience to close theireyes and think o a place where they

eel happy, relaxed and in harmony.9 out o 10 people – regardless o re-gion, level o income and culture - willimagine a orest, a beach or a moun-tain landscape.

For years, environmentalists hadbeen masters o negativity and sca-

remongering, basically using ear o e.g. pollution and melting poles topersuade consumers, citizens and theelectorate. It is unsurprising that anoverwhelming majority o the globalpublic ended up being scared o cli-mate change or ound it too complexto deal with.

our mind doeS not underStand climate chanGeb s s s s

s s g s q s s - , s ss s s sks s g . a g t s

Z ëg r sø , n s g s , p .d. gs d s n s

r s G c g b s ss S , - s s s s s

s g : “o s

s s , s q s g ”.

(Source: Copenhagen Business School)

keter would observe that the brandvalues o sustainability historicallyhave been images o displaced andhungry people, orest res, drown-ing polar bears and fooded villages.These are not images that motivate.Using this kind o rhetoric did not sella li estyle people would want to buy.

Sustainia is a li estyle. A li estyle withimproved quality o li e. And we com-municate about Sustainia like pro es-sional marketers communicate abouttheir products: A luxurious, desirableli estyle you cannot live without.



34 35

Changing the words to words peo-e understandOnce the new message started to

ome into ocus, words also changed.essengers started realising that or

ears they had used terms and no-ons that most people don’t under-and.

A stack o psychological and anthro-ological evidence tells us the mostompelling climate narrative is oneat starts with a positive, desirablecture o the uture. This can applya housing project, a transport sys-

m or even a green product series.

Potentially wonder ul news, or ex-mple on new cars that could help us

lower global energy use were told us-ing abbreviations, terms and speci -cations that the engineers love; gramso CO2/pr km, EV, Hybrid etc. But t heydid not tell an inspiring story, or pro-mote a desirable li estyle. Importantprogress in international agreementswere apparently about things likeREDD, COP, UNFCCC, MOP, PPM andAWG-LCA, not a positive vision o asustainable uture. From using a mas-sively exclusive language, Sustaini-ans started talking and writing withwords that invited the audience to bepart o the discussion.

Early commercial adopters o thenew language saw astounding busi-ness returns.

martIn lUther KIng,Jr.’s “I have a dreamsPeech” Is FamoUs Be-caUse It PUt Forward

an InsPIrIng, PosItIvevIsIon that carrIed acrItIQUe oF the cUr-rent moment wIthIn It.ImagIne how hIstorywoUld have tUrned

oUt had KIng gIven an“I have a nIghtmare”sPeech Instead.

(s u : “d f e i i ”, 2004)

Selling sustainabilit isn’t like selling a di erent brandof soap. It’s more like persuading people to use soap

s . t s k g, g g g, s s s s g

g(Source: Futerra Sustainabilit Communications)



36 37

PHRASEBOOK

old lanGuaGe

carBon neutral

microgeneration

unpolluted

low carBonpHotovoltaic

ipcc

cdm mecHaniSmS

emiSSionS trading ScHeme

Joint implementation

unFcc

450 ppm

intelligent energy

Bau

BuildingS codeS

leedSSuBSidieS

power grid management

cap-and-trade

i.p.o increaSe

new lanGuaGe

energy

energy Freedom

Home improvement

Home power

progreSS

reliaBle energy

Simple

Smart

unlimited

upgrade

collaBoration

improved qualityHealtHier

BeautiFul



38 39

principleS ocommunication inSuStainia

1 v i S i o n F i r S t , a l w a y S . o r d e r m a t t e r S

.

o p e n w i t H t H e p o S i t i v e v i S i o n

a n d y o u w i n t H e r i g H t t o p e o p l e ’ S

a t t e n t i o n

. c l o S e w i t H t H e v i S i o n

a n d y o u ’ l l l o S e t H e m B e F o r e y o

u

r e a c H i t .

2 m a k e i t v i S u a l . c r e a t e p i c t u r e S

w i t H w o r d S

. w H a t d o e S S u S t a i n -

a B i l i t y l o o k l i k e ?

3 m a k e i t S i z z l e

. i F t H e v i S i o n i S n ’ t

m o r e d e S i r a B l e t H a n w H a t w e ’ v e

g o t n o w , t H e n w H y t r y r e a c H i n g

F o r i t ?

4 c u t t H e d a t e S a n d F i g u r e S

. d a t e S

,

p e r c e n t a g e S a n d F i g u r e S c a n e x -

H a u S t y o u r a u d i e n c e

. a 1 0 p e r c e n t

c a r B o n c u t B y 2 0 5 0 i S n ’ t a v i S i o n

,

i t ’ S a t a r g e t . p u t a l l t H e t a r g e t S

t o g e t H e r

a n d i m a g i n e w H a t t H e

w o r l d w o u l d B e l i k e i F w e m e t a n d

e x c e e d e d

t H e m : t H

a t ’ S a v i S i o n .

5 S H a r e t H e d r e a m

. a l t H o u g H y o u

m i g H t d e v

e l o p t H e v i S i o n i t d o e S n ’ t

B e l o n g t o y o u

. S H o w

H o w

i t r e -

F l e c t S c o m m o n v a l u e S a n d n e e d S

.

(Source: Futerra SustainabilitCommunications)



40 41

cItIes

“a cIty eXIsts For the saKeoF a good lIFe – not Forthe saKe oF lIFe only.”

arIstotle



22 London School o Economics.2011. The Urban Age Project - Liv-ing in the endless city p.349.23 Katz, B. 21.10.2010. City Cen-tered. Article in Times Specials:Intelligent Cities.24 UNEP. Jan. 2010. GreenEconomy Report: Green Cities.(Summary report)25 London School o Economics.2011. Ibid. p.368.26 London School o Economics.2011. Ibid P.305.27 DNV Research & Innovation.2011. Technology Outlook 2020.P.928 According to Edward Glaeser,Pro essor in Economy at HarvardUniversity.42 43

welcomeo citieS in

SuStainiaarGumentS or

chanGeWelcome to our city. We look or-ard to explaining what we haveone to make cities more attractive.

Sustainia, we know that success-ul cities generate economic prosper-y and an improved quality o li e oreir citizens 22.

Sustainia is the urban age. Theorld’s cities – rom capitals and me-opolises to new, innovative urbaneas and old, cultural epicenters –e home to the majority o the global

opulation, and have regained theirstoric role as drivers o economicogress. They are the champions the low-carbon age, plat orms or

xperiments, innovation, and sys-mic solutions. Cities are innovativeoduction hubs; as metropolitan en-nes, they drive economic growth 23.

Cities are, by many measures, green-than suburbs. City dwellers produce

In the past, cities grew too quickly,and were simply not able to sustainthemselves. Something had to be done.Had we not trans ormed our cities inSustainia, demand or resources wouldhave outstripped supply as cities add-ed ever-more inhabitants. Pollution in-creased in cities as the population did.In Mumbai, or example, breathing theair was the same as smoking 2½ pack-ets o cigarettes a day 25.

In 1900, 11 cities were home to morethan 1 million residents; in 2020, thereare 600 such cities 26. The number issure to rise. More people now live incities than in rural areas. As morepeople migrate to urban centers, therole o cities on the global agenda in-creases.

Urbanization is not bad i done sus-tainably. When cities grow, so doesGDP. Every time the share o people in

a country living in cities increases by10 percent, GDP increases by 30% 27.

In Sustainia, we have come a longway in making cities more sustain-able. By reducing pollution, we havereduced health care costs; by i mprov-ing energy e ciency in buildings, wehave reduced utility costs; and bymaking in rastructure smarter, wehave made cities’ business environ-ment more competitive.

much less carbon dioxide than theirsuburban counterparts. They live clos-er, and are more likely to use publictransport. And many people love liv-ing in the city. The cultural diversityand endless possibilities in cities hasattracted billions o people in recentdecades. Cities o er better access to

jobs, education, sanitation, healthcare, recreation, and social mobility 24.Cities attract youth looking to educate,artists looking to per orm, migrantslooking to improve their economic in-dependence.

In this chapter, we show you the keycomponents o a success ul city. Welook at how cities can be trans ormedto make them smarter, more e cient,and more sustainable. And, o course,more livable. We hope that you, a vi si-tor to Sustainia, wi ll decide to stay.



44 45

citieS…citieS overtime

...make up less than 2% o the world’ssur ace area 29

Between 2011 and 2020, the number opeople living in cities will in crease by 715million 33

70% 60-80%

3%

51%

80%

…account or 60-80% o global energyconsumption 32

In 2020, 80% o the population in devel-oped countries and 51% in developingcountries live in cities 34

...are responsible or more than 70% oglobal greenhouse gas emissions 31

200 years ago, just 3 o every 100people lived in cities

…produce 80% o its economic output 30

29 London School o Economics.2011. Ibid. P.9.30 UNEP. 2011. Green Economy:Cities investing in energy andressource e ciency. P.45731 Carbon Disclosure Project. 2011.Ibid.32 UNEP. 2011. Ibid. P.45733 DNV Research & Innovation.2011. Technology Outlook 2020.P.934 IBM Institute or Business Value.2009. A vision o smarter cities



46 47

Made cities bike riendly: Bicycle-sharing programs and well-devel-oped bike lane in rastructure

Improved the energy e ciency o buildings

Prioritized community gardensand parks

Cleaned harbors and beaches tomake them swimmable

Improved the energy e ciencyo street lighting – replaced tra-ditional bulbs with LEDs and en-sured that streetlights come ongradually as darkness alls

Attractive and e cient publictransport – ree Wi-Fi and ticketspurchasable via SMS

Encouraged recycling by making iteasier

Made it easy or homeowners togenerate their own electricity andsell it back to the power company

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

1

2

You will want to visit Sustai nia’s cit-ies. You will come away inspired. Byretro tting our lovely cities, we haveimproved the quality o li e or citi-zens, reduced environmental impact,and saved money. Another bonus isone that mayors o ten st ress: Retro t-ting cities creates jobs.

“b g s g g s-s s s s -

g s .”l G G n s-

, S c 35

Here is what we have done to Sus-tainia cities to make them more at-tractive and sustainable:

Painted roo s white to refect sun-light, keeping buildings cooler inthe summer (preventing the “ur-ban heat island” e ect)

Installed solar water heaters (pre-viously, water heating accounted

or 17% o the energy used inbuildings) 36

retro itted citieS:upGraded urbanparadiSeS

“BUIldIng retro-FIts were not only

greatly redUcIngcarBon emIssIonsBUt were also anoUtstandIng soUrceoF JoB creatIon.”

l G G n s , S c

35 Speech given at the GlobalGreen Cities Con erence, February2011.36 Bielllo, D. September 2011.Article: How Green Is My City?Retro tting is the best way toclean up urban living. p.68. In Sci-enti c American eature section:Cities – Smarter, Greener, Better.



48 49

the sImPle eQUatIon oF ret-roFIttIng:sPendIng $10 BIllIon a year

to retroFIt governmentBUIldIngs = creates 100,000JoBs + taXPayer savIngs oF$1.6 BIllIon Per year In UtIl-Ity BIlls + redUces PrIce oFenergy as demand Falls. 37

37 Economist Trevor Houser, Pe-terson Institute or InternationalEconomics, speech given Jan2009



50 51

ntelliGentcitieS:Smart ande icient

In Sustainia, we take ull advantage available technologies to help run

ties as e ciently and cleverly asossible. We realize that the ability

operate e ectively determines howccess ul cities will be at creating agh quality o li e or citizens.

A city consists o three di erentnds o systems – in rastructure,

etworks, and environments. This in-udes city services (health care, kin-ergarten, police, security, schools),usiness environment (employees,ustomers, e cient administration),ansportation in rastructure (roads,ublic transportation, airports), com-unication (telecommunication in-rastructure – telephone, broadband,nd wireless), water (supply and sani-tion), and energy (smart grid, powereneration, waste disposal – we ex-ain this in the chapter on Energy inustainia) 38. These elements can alln more e ciently with the help o

mart technologies.

city StrateGy

elementS in a holiStic Smart city SyStem

City Operations SystemsCity User SystemsCity In rastructure Systems

City services

CitizensBusiness

Transport

Communication Water

Energy

Making cities more e cient with thehelp o technology could, researcherssay, create millions o jobs, reduceemissions by 15% globally, save a tono CO2 per person and nearly a tril-lion dollars. Some companies workingin this space esti mate that the market“may be bigger than the whole inter-net”. 39

In Sustainia, we have applied smarttechnology wherever possible, al-lowing great control and insight intoenergy use. This transparency andknowledge helps us plan ahead andenables more in ormed decision-mak-ing. Citizens make better decisionsabout resource consumption when in-

ormed about their energy and waterusage. Technology changes behaviorin a positive way as citizens becomemore educated and aware about thee ects o bad habits.

what iS a Smart city?a s “s ” s s

s s s s s

g q , s -g s s, g

g .

(Inspired by: IBM Center or Eco-nomic Development Analysis)

38 IBM Institute or Business Value.2009. A vision o smarter cities -How cities can lead the way intoa prosperous and sustainable

uture. P.539 According to Cisco CEO JohnChambers, as cited in The WallStreet Journal, September 29,2009. The quote has since thenbeen cited many places.



53

new eco-citieS= incubatorS

or creativennovationRetro tting existing cities is unda-ental or city development in Sus-inia. Just as important is ensuringat new cities, built to accommodateigrants coming rom rural areas,e sustainable. We learned muchrom the new eco-cities built in Asia

the beginning o the new millen-um. These new city projects are a

er ect opportunity to constantly im-ove solutions to cities’ energy e -ency, in rastructure, water, and oth-

urban planning challenges. Theye creative experiments, providing aean slate to allow wholly new ideas

nd approaches to develop that canene t existing cities.

Between Mumbai and Delhi alone,4 new cities were needed a ter con-ruction o t he Mumbai-Delhi Indus-al Corridor, a high-speed reight rail

ne and six-lane reeway. The rst sev-n cities, ready in 2018, each housedore than 2 million people. China es-mates it will need 500 cities the size

the New Songdo city project (homea litt le over one million people) builtSouth Korea 40 (see fipside). The en-

epreneurs behind the New Songdooject will use the city as a template,

nsuring that each new city is builtaster, better, and cheaper than thene be ore.

In Sustainia, we examined thesenew city developments to ensure t hatthe best ideas are incorporated intoexisting cities where possible, and toavoid repeating mistakes.

Lessons Learned when citiesare buiLt rom scratch:

maSdar city, abu dhabi 42

t s s -z ss s.

It boasts the world’s rst cit -scales s s s – -g s s -

, - s s ks -

s s s s.• Cars are banned• 80% of the water will be rec cled• Nearl all waste will be rec cled or

g• Produce will come from local

g s s

NEW SONGDO, SOUTH KOREA 43

• From the outset, the cit fo-s s g g

s g s g ,s s s g g, -

s , g

• High priorit is given to parks s g -

laxation (600 acres are reserved g s s, g

100-acre Central Park)• World-class hospitals, art cen-

s, s s, s s, s s

z s• LEED-certi ed from the outset,

s g g s g s s -

s s s z• A smart cit . All of the critical

s s - – s, s

, gs, g s s

s s s – i - - s k.

t s s s g

of broadband below the cities’s s, s, s.

tianjin, china 41

• 90% of trips within Tianjin will s -

g - s s s

• Tianjin eco-cit has seven dis- g s. t s

s g s -, g -s g s s.

• All buildings will be out tted s -s f g s s-

s

A KEy TAKEAWAy - s as s

g , g - z - s s

k s . S , , g s

s s s.t s

, s g s

s s s .

40 Lindsay, G. 01.02.2010. Cisco'sBig Bet on New Songdo: CreatingCities From Scratch. Article inFast Company.41 From various sources including:http://inhabitat.com/tianjin-eco-city-is-a- uturistic-green-land-scape- or-350000-residents/42 From various sources includ-ing: http://www.masdarcity.ae/en/ & http://www.good.is/post/the-death-and-li e-o -model-eco-cities/,43 New Songdo is being built byGale International. Cisco providesmost o the technology (Cisco’sSmart+Connected Communities)From various sources including:http://www.songdo.com/52



54 55

10 CITy IDEAShat inSpired

SuStainia:c p g ’ bicycle culture and har-bor clean-up – Copenhagen has sever-al harbor swimming pools that attractresidents in summer

o l ’ ast lanes or electric vehiclesand decision to waive tolls and parking

ees or EVs 44

Y k c y’ High Line - railway con-rted into an attractive park promenade

L ’ establishment o 2012 veg-etable gardens on roo tops and com-munity gardens

b j g’ 4,000 outdoor gyms provid-ing ree exercise opportunities or all

s gp ’ way o engaging the citizensthrough its “Green Songpa” website. Hereresidents can get tips or energy-reducingbehavior

cl v l y ’ seaside promenade andstaircase to the sea – also serves as a

ood-de ense strategy

b l ’ way o prioritizingthe beach

s g p ’ abundant parksand gardens

P ’ city-run electric car hire service,a world rst (launched in October 2011)

44 Economist Intelligence Unit& Siemens AG. 2009. EuropeanGreen City Index – Assesing theenvironmental impact o Europe’smajor cities. P.21

Photo credits:New York: Courtesy o James Corner Field Opera-

tions and Diller Sco dio + Ren ro.”Cleveleys: Courtesy o Birse Coastal and Wyre Borough

CouncilBeijing: Photo by Aaron | Dan, Flickr. Licensed under

Creative Commons.Songpa: Photo by kiyong2, Flickr. Licensed under Cre-

ative Commons.Oslo: Photo credit: Budstikka Media/Karl BraanaasLondon: Photo by xpgomes6, Flickr. Licensed under

Creative Commons.Paris: Photo credit: Sophie Robichon / Mairie de Paris



56 57

citiZenS:a orce to beRECKONED WITH

In Sustainia, we build cities or peo-e – not or cars 45. Citizens are ourost important economic resource.hey bring ideas, skills, and diversitycities 46. We involve residents in the

aking and development o cities. Re-arch shows a clear correlation be-

ween citizens’ engagement and en-ronmental per ormance – the morevolved its citizens, the better cities

er orm47. We believe that the sum o tizens’ individual actions – retro t-ng homes or choosing public trans-ort – is the most power ul orce.

It is basic psychology: the more youalize your role, responsibility, and

art you play in achieving the solu-ons, the more committed you arekely to be.

Citizens are the per ect vehicleor pushing action, and we believe

that transition starts in cities. Anexample: In Sustainia, we know thatbuilding managers play a huge role inmaking sure that commercial build-ings and apartment towers operatee ciently. We have adopted a modeldeveloped in New York City wherebyevery superintendent managing theover one million buildings in the cityis required to take a Green Superscerti cation program, where they aretaught how to run energy-e cientbuildings 49&50.

In Sustainia, we involve citizens byproviding education and public aware-ness to empower them to make moresustainable choices. In many cities,the deployment o smart electricityand water meters gave residents morein ormation about their consumptionhabits; armed with knowledge, theyhave become more care ul about howmuch energy and water they use 51.

We also prioritize providing commu-nal spaces or citizens. Our city plan-ners make spaces or people – attrac-tive outdoor spaces in which to enjoytheir spare time, and places or citi-zens to interact. Plenti ul public spacesare essential or democracy or peopleto come ace to ace with the range o people who make up society 52.

e : a -q s s g g g-

s l s g- -

g s s s s s z s –

g s -ks 48 .

d g g G S s g nyc s s : “i s ss s -niques were ver expensive. It’s just time, it’s just dedi -

s g ”.(Source: Scienti c American, 2011)

45 Register, R. 07.01.2011. Let’sbuild cities or people (notcars). Article in: What Matters.McKinsey&Company.46 London School o Economics.2011. Ibid. p.349.47 Economist Intelligence Unit &Siemens AG. 2009. European

Green City Index. P.1548 Siemens AG. 2008. SustainableUrban In rastructure: London edi-tion – a view to 2025.49 Biello, D. September 2011. Ibid.P.69.50 One superintendent’s green e -

orts reduced his building’s annualenergy costs by 20%. I all largeapartment buildings achieved a10% reduction in energy use, NewYorkers would save $230 millionevery year and reduce carbonpollution by the equivalent otaking 150,000 cars of the road.http://www.1000supers.com/green-buildings.php51 Economist Intelligence Unit &Siemens. 2009. European GreenCity Index. P.21. In Amsterdam,installing water meters lead to anaverage reduction in householdwater use o 10-15%. P.3152 Gehl, J. 2004 Public Spaces,Public Li e.



58 59

PARKS, TREES,GardenS:he lunGS o

SuStainia citieSTrans orming cities to wonder ulaces on Earth takes more than im-oved public transport and retro t-

ng o buildings. For a city to be a de-rable place to live, we need healthyungs o the city” – places where weet away rom the stresses o city li end connect with nature, be it a smallke, a park, a beach, or a garden.hese places also reduce the “urbaneat island” e ect and improve resil-nce to fooding 53.

In Sustainia, cities use di erentpproaches to ensure residents cannjoy a bit more green in their dailyves. Here are just a ew:

Easy-access private-gardens on tra -hubs: In Osaka Station City, in Japan, o -

cials trans ormed the roo top o thety’s main transit hub into 1,500 m2 private vegetable patches and rice

addies. A ter work, commuters canwap their work attire or gloves andillies and bring home some sel -own vegetables or dinner. The con-pt allows citizens to “become closethe environment, spend more time

ith nature and enjoy its blessings” 54.

Roo top Gardens:Opportunities abound to turn large

roo s into wonder ul city gardens.In Greenpoint, Brooklyn, residentsturned one o many warehouse roo sinto a garden where locals grow theirown vegetables, or just hang out in anarmchair, taking a break rom hecticcity li e. The Greenpoint roo top gar-den also sells produce to local restau-rants. In addition to decreasing theneed to truck in produce rom outsidethe neighbourhood, the garden o ersother environmental bene ts. Theplants absorb rainwater that other-

wise would fow to the city’s sewers,and the soil and plants insulate thebuilding, reduce energy consump-tion.

Green walls replace concrete walls:To save costs building concrete

walls near buildings, highways, andearthworks, these walls are built withholes or plants and vegetation – re-placing ugly concrete walls with beau-ti ul vertical urban gardens. They areeasier to build, and much lighter totransport 55.

53 London School o Economics.2011. Ibid. P.345.54 Monocle. July/August 2011. Issue45. Volume 05. P.075,55 These walls won the GreenBuilding Products award in 2011:http://top10greenbuildingprod-ucts.com/2011/sample-winner-post-1/



60 61

Super Trees:Vertical super trees rising to 50 me-

ters. Equipped with solar panels andrainwater basins , they provide shade byday and light at night. The super treesare per ect or tropical climates 56.

Vertical production arms:In Singapore, planners wanted to

ease pressure on land and meet asel -imposed target to produce 10percent o its own greens. Their so-lution, vertical arms, produce vetimes more vegetables per m2 than aconventional arm. The six-meter tallstructure rotates at one millimeterper second, allowing sunlight to reachplants throughout the day. Water thatpowers the system is constantly beingrecycled to keep energy consumptionlow57. We love these vertical arms,with their ability to provide citizenswith resh ruit and vegetables. It’s awin-win: Local produce at low pricesand low energy consumption.

56 Gardens by the Bay, Singapore:www.gardensbythebay.org57 http://www.greenbusinesstimes.com/2011/06/28/innovation-in-the- arming-industry-news/

( C e n

t e r

f o r

U r b a n

A g r i c u

l t u r e ,

c o p y r i g

h t M i t h u n

)

'Gardens by the Bay, Singapore', courtesy o Grant Associates.



62 63

SuStainia city principleS

1 a l l c i t i z e n S S H o u l d l i v e w i t H i n a

5 - t o 7 - m i n

u t e w a l k t o g r e e n a r

e a S

2

a v a i l a B i l i t y o F F r e S H F o o d a n d

c l e a n w a t e r

3 i m p r o v e d e n e r g y e F F i c i e n c y i n e x i S t -

i n g B u i l d i n g S

4 n e w

B u i l d i n g S m u S t m e e t t H e r e -

q u i r e m e n t S o F e n e r g y - e F F i c i e n t

B u i l d i n g S –

S u c H a S l e e d c e r t i F i c a t i o n

5 S e n S i t i v e d e n S i t y =

d e n S i t y t H a t

c r e a t e S a t t r a c t i v e S p a c e S B e t w

e e n

B u i l d i n g S

w H e r e i n t e r a c t i o n B e -

t w e e n c i t i z e n S i S e a S y

6 w a l k i n g a n y w H e r e i n t H e c i t y

S H o u l d B e e a S y a n d S a F e

7 e a S y a n d e F F i c i e n t p u B l i c t r a n S -

p o r t a t i o n

8 c l e a n r i v e r S , H a r B o r S

, a n d B e a c H e S

9 w o r l d - c l

a S S u n i v e r S i t i e S a n d o t H e r

e d u c a t i o n a l o p p o r t u n i t i e S t o

e n S u r e a y o u n g a n d v i B r a n t a t m o -

S p H e r e

1 0 r e d u c e d a i r a n d n o i S e p o l l u t i o n B y

p r o v i d i n g

p u B l i c e l e c t r i c c a r H i r e S

a n d p l e n t y o F c H a r g i n g S t a t i o n S

1 1 w e l l - d e S i g n e d B i k e l a n e i n F r a -

S t r u c t u r e

1 2 e n g a g e c i t i z e n S i n m a k i n g c i t i e S

S u S t a i n a B

l e –

g i v e t H e m o w n e r S H i p

a n d e m p o w e r t H e m t H r o u g H e d u -

c a t i o n



64 65

SuStainia city

underGround tranSportationCommuter trains, subways and primaryroads run underground in massive tun-nels, reeing the ground level or easy,clean bike and pedestrian tra c.

UNDERGROUND PARKINGbterranean garages near commuterstinations eliminate the need orrs to sur ace.

BIKE RACKS AND LANESAmple bike lanes and racks encouragemore people to ride instead o drive;they also promote tness.

hybrid taxiSTaxi eets converted to hybrid vehiclesreduce air pollution and greenhousegas emissions.

three-bin recyclinGRequiring businesses and homes toseparate trash, recyclables and com-post spares land lls; collection charg-es drop as trash drops

Solar hot waterRoo top tanks, heated by the sun, providedomestic hot water instead o urnaces.

Solar ilmSPhotovoltaic sheets on south- acingbuilding acades generate electricity.

white roo topSoo tops painted white re-ct heat, lowering a build-

gs cooling cost and a city'sat buildup.

Green roo SRoo top vegetation insulates buildingsagainst heat and cold and absorbsstorm water.

vertical armSFood grown indoors could reduce

ertilizer and reshwater use, shortentransport and recycle gray water oth-erwise dumped by treatment plants.

Solar powerPanels generate electricity instead opower plants and also shade roo topsto lower a buildings cooling needs.

hiGh-e iciency windowSENERGY STAR quali ed windows andskylights allow employees to enjoy thelight and views in their o ce buildingswhile the company saves money onutility bills and protect valuable ur-nishings rom sun damage.

Super treeSe page 60

Green wallSe page 59

COMMUNITy GARDENS AND PARKSSee page 58

harbour with clean water

(This illustration is inspired by:Scienti c American, September 2011)



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4 CONTINENTS, 4 CITIES

portland, uS:a city Shapedby itS citiZenS

curitiba, braZil:a true pioneerin urbandevelopment

Sources:• http://www.visionpdx.com/read -ing/engagement_report.php• http://www.portlandonline.com/ index.c m?c=43046• http://www.nytimes.com/ gwire/2010/07/07/07greenwire-bold-public-private-venture-aims-to-make-ore-c-32109.html?pagewanted=all• http://www.ecosconsulting.co m/ about/why-portland/index.aspx

Sources:• http://www.urbanhabitat.org/ node/344• http://www.eoearth.org/article/ Curitiba,_Brazil• http://hopebuilding.pbworks.com/w/page/19222330/Brazilian-city-o -Curitiba-may-be-most-livable-city-in-the-world

hyar-centred urban development char-terised most North American cities

0 years ago, which was heavily pro-sted against by the citizens o Port-nd. They succeeded and since thene city haven’t built highways, butstead, prioritized their public trans-

ortation system.

hator more than 30 years, Portland haseen planning or transportation andobility, using a Transit Oriented De-

elopment (TOD) and Smart Growthrategy.

ow

WhyCuritiba has become an internationalrolemodel or its people-centred ur-ban design, environmental manage-ment and integrated solutions.

WhatIn 1966 Curitiba’s city planning team

ormulated several principles thathave guided Curitiba’s city planningever since. They include promotingpublic transportation over privatemeans, supporting human needs overcorporate interests and meeting theneeds o the poorest.

How•

•

Engaged citizens in vision: Thecitizen engagement program, Vi-sionPDX, was an unprecedented,community-wide e ort to create

a people’s vision or the uture o Portland. 17.000 Portlanders sharedtheir concerns, hopes and goals orthe uture (carried out between2005-2007).Easy to get engaged: Portland’sNeighbourhood Program enables cit-izens to access in ormation, arrangea cleanup o their neighbourhood,plant a tree or impact city policy.Green parks and local produce: Port-land has 35 community gardens

70% o the city’s commuters usepublic transport. Curitiba rede-signed their existing bus systeminto a Bus Rapid Transit system. Thesystem resembles a subway system,

but is a low-cost, ground level so-lution. The buses run requently,some every 90 seconds, and carryup to 20.000 passengers an hour.Buses have exclusive driving lanesand bus drivers control the tra clights to insure fow.In 1970, each inhabitant had lessthan 1m2 o green space – today thenumber is 52 m2 pr inhabitant. Theparks and lakes also serve as an e -

ective food control system.

located throughout the city. Thesegardens supply 30 active armersmarkets, some seeing up to 15,000visitors in a day. Restaurants andgrocery stores pride themselves ono ering local ingredients.Retroftting in partnerships: Port-land’s city council and GE haveinitiated a rst-o -its-kind part-nership, which includes retro t-ting buildings with energy savingtechnologies. GE will also help tobuild ve ‘Ecodistrict’ pilot projects– enclaves that would manage theirown energy, water, waste and othersystems.

Lessons learnedCreative and e ective strategies en-abled the involvement o a diversepopulation in city planning e orts.The ‘Engagement Report’ shares

the strategies used and lessonslearned.Community participation enhancesthe quality o neighbourhoods andsocial coherence.Local produce can become a city’spride and joy and greatly reduce acity’s ood carbon ootprint.Public-private partnerships enablecity-speci c solutions and providean exportable knowledge base.

Curitiba’s Green Exchange pro-gramme is a bene t to the environ-ment and the city’s lower incomepopulation. Families can exchangetheir waste or bus tickets and ood.Children can exchange reusablewaste with school articles.70% o waste is recycled in Curit iba.Residents sort their waste at homeand previously unemployed peo-ple sort the waste at the recyclingplant. Paper recycling alone savesthe equivalent o 1,200 trees a day.This waste solution has reducedcosts, increased e ectiveness, con-served resources, beauti ed the cityand provided employment.

Lessons learnedExpanding the bus system alreadyin place, rather than building anewTransparency and participatory de-

mocracy was promoted in the de-velopment o co-responsibility.Solutions exist in partnerships be-tween entrepreneurs, NGO’s, mu-nicipal and private agencies, neigh-bourhood associations, communitygroups and individuals.



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punGGol, SinGapore:a new city riSeS

rom an old

COPENHAGEN, DENMARK:WORLD’S NO. 1 CLIMATECAPITAL IN 2025

Sources:• C40 report p.30• Københavns Klimaplan: http://www.groen-skole.kk.dk/klima/kbhplan.pd• Københavns Klimapl an på engelsk: http://www.kk.dk/sitecore/content/Subsites/Klima/Subsite-Frontpage/~/media/12E701459AD14B7C81FCD6D33F2EC9CF.ashx• Publications: Copenhagen: Stions or a Sustainable Cities• Copenhagen – Beyond GreeThe socioeconomic bene ts obeing a green city

Sources:• http://www.hdb.gov.sg/ i10/ i10333p.ns /w/EcoTownHome?OpenDocumenthttp://www.asiaone.com/Busi-ness/My+Money/Property/Story/A1Story20100128-195129.html• http://www.go-green.ae/green -story_view.php?storyid=959• http://www.thegovmonitor.com/ world_news/asia/singapore-hdb-announces-punggol-to-be- irst-eco-town-in-the-tropics-22460.html• http://library.thinkquest.org/ C006891/punggolprint.html

hyngapore’s population has increasedrom 3.05 mil. in 1990 to 5.18 mil. in011. This has resulted in an increas-g demand or housing stock and re-urces.

hatunggol, a ormer shing village lo-ted in the North-East terrain o Si n-

apore, will be Singapore’s rst eco-wn. The objective is to use Punggola living laboratory or large-scale

sting o green technologies andban solutions in the areas energy,ater and waste management. Singa-ore will replicate success ul resultsrom this project across the countr y.

ow

WhyThe city o Copenhagen has given itsel the mission o becoming the world’s cli-mate capital no.1, with the goal o beingcompletely carbon neutral in 2025.

WhatThe rst milestone towards 2025, is toachieve a 20% reduction in CO2 emis-sions by 2015. The city o Copenhagenhas planned 50 initiatives towardsreaching this goal, with 4 main ocusareas. See below.

How1

2

Ensure urban design and planningthat promote sustainable living and

make it easy or citizens to adopteco-li estyles.Increase energy e ciency in build-ings. Primarily air conditioning hasa huge potential and 50% savings onelectricity consumption is expected.Improve the commute by fexiblecycling paths, charging stations atcarparks and spaces or car sharingservices in the estatesInstall solar panels on all buildingsto power common acilities such as

Green TransportationIn 2007, 36% o all citizens commutedby bicycle. The city aims to increasethis share to 50% by 2015 by ensur-ing acilities that will make cycling a

ast and convenient option.Bicycles are allowed on trains, bus-

es and the metro to ensure easytrans er between cycli ng and publictransportation.Other green t ransportation strategiesinvolve electric and hydrogen- ueledcars, building in rastructure or EVs,strengthening public t ransportationservices and lowering ares.Green BuildingsRenovate city-owned buildings.New municipal construction will below-energy buildings.

the elevators, water pump and light-ing, with the aim to reach a zero-emissions target or each building.Storage batteries will store excesselectricity generated by the solarpanels or use at night and to serveas a backup electricity generator.Provide citizens with recreationalareas. A 4.2 km waterway will runthrough the town. This will providepromenades, beach plots and lei-sure activities.

Lessons learnedProviding access to natural envi-ronments and the water ront willenhance the living environment.Partnerships between multiple stake-holders that also engages citizens,business and research institutions arekey to success.

Green EnergyToday, 30% o Copenhagen’s energyis supplied by CO2-neutral energysources. Copenhagen will increasetheir share o renewable energy by:Using biomass and waste insteado ossil uels at the city’s heat andpower plants.Installing additional windmills thatare cooperatively nanced by mu-nicipal, business and citizens.Expanding geo-thermal activities.Green CopenhagenersThe city is empowering the citizenswith knowledge and concrete waysto take action. Furthermore, the cityis ocused on educating the youthon sustainability best practice.

Lessons learnedChallenges can be catalysts orgrowth.

Green investments improve the qual-ity o li e, enhance health, and stimu-late local business li e.Partnerships and communicationwith all actors in the city, ensure acollective e ort and the most e ec-tive and tting mix o solutions.Copenhagen is inspired by e ectivesolutions in other cities, and pub-lish reports to inspire other citieswith Copenhagens’ solutions.



70 71

home

"a hoUse Is not a home Un-less It contaIns Food andFIre For the mInd as wellas the Body."

BenJamIn FranKlIn



72 73

welcome homearGumentSor chanGe

We now travel to the homes o peo-e living in Sustainia to get the ullcture o how Sustainians have im-oved their way o living.

In Sustainia, homes are designed tomprove quality o li e and make ourves easier. Put simply: We want tove a better li e, without damagingatural resources.

In Sustainia, we ocus on constr uct-g new buildings and retro tting old

nes to satis y the need or living inhealthy, com ortable setting. Sus-inable building and retro tting olduildings is nothing special in Sus-inia – it is standard practice, as itakes the most sense. It is healthier,ves us money, and is good or the

nvironment.

Many people live in unhealthyhouses or apartments – over-air-con-ditioned, too dark, and without directaccess to resh air. These environ-mental stress actors have a negativeimpact on our body, mind, and well-being. They can lead to a host o dis-com orts, allergic reactions, and dis-eases such as chronic tiredness, dryand itchy red skin, dry eyes, runnynose and sneezing, chest pain, de-pression, and chronic coughing 58.

Indoor air in “normal buildings” isup to 2-5 times more polluted thanoutdoor air 59; indoor air is more o tenthe cause o health problems than thepolluted air we may encounter out-side our homes. In 2011, people liv-ing in Western countries spent 90%

o their time indoors – 65% in theirown homes. It is essential that the airis clean in t he place you breathe mosto ten.

The ood we eat has a direct bear-ing on our quality o li e. The same istrue o the air we take into our lungsaround 22,000 times ever y day.

And this is just the health actors.

Buildings are also the largest con-sumer o energy i n the world. To heat,cool, and light buildings requires ahuge amount o energy.

In Sustainia, your house is morethan a home – it produces energy.Some houses in Sustainia produce somuch energy they sell the surplus toenergy companies. We explain thisand more in the energy chapter.

There are endless possibilities tomake your home smarter, more intel-ligent, healthier, and energy sel -su -

cient; and there are many ways toimprove living conditions inside with-out embarking on a large-scale costlyretro t project.

In this chapter o the guidebook, weexplore components in and the designo sustainable homes, while investi-gating the implications on your well-being.

World Health Organisation: 30% of new buildingss s s “s k g s ”, s g

s s ks g s. ts s - gs.

(Source: Pearce in 'Da light and Architecture', 2010)

b l g 60 :• 39% of all energ• 71% of all electricit• 40% of carbon emissions• 65% of all waste output

58 Bluyssen, P.M. 2009. The IndoorEnvironment Handbook - Howto make buildings healthy andcom ortable.59 EPA. http://www.epa.gov/air/basic.html60 US Green Building Council



74 75

homeS inSuStainiamprove health

and well-beinGIn Sustainia, we value quality o li e

as highly as the need to be more en-ergy e cient and less polluting. Webuild homes that cater to our needs ordaylight, resh air, adequate lighting,and a com ortable temperature. Previ-ously, architects minimized access to

resh air as a means to save energy.Research shows, however, that peopleneed resh air and good ventilation inbuildings to unction well, be com ort-able, and to reduce illness 61.

We believe the impulse to mini-mize ventilation and resh air to re-duce costs is misplaced. In NorthernEurope, companies and schools com-monly tried to lower costs by reduc-ing ventilation in buildings 62. Poor airquality at those acilities, however,led to lower productivity and per or-mance. Forcing the question: Howmuch you really saved?

Another key component o a com-ortable indoor environment in Sus-

2010: The trend was that we reducedventilation below recommended levelto ensure savings on our energy bill.

2020: The trend is that we allow asmuch resh air as possible while savingmoney on our energy bill.

tainia is the temperature. A relatedconcern in some countries is that the

resh air entering a home can be ei-ther terribly warm or reezing cold.Studies used to tell us that whateverour race, wealth, or li estyle, whatev-er the season, country, or continent,we pre er an indoor temperature o about 22 degrees Celsius. Engineersworked hard to stabilize tempera-tures in buildings at that level usinghighly mechanized heating and cool-ing systems. Recent studies o humanbehavior in buildings show, however,that as long as indoor air comes romnatural ventilation systems that wecan control ourselves, we can toleratedeviation rom 22 degrees Celsius 63.

That has led us to design buildingsin Sustainia that allow controlled

resh air intake and ventilation.

”e g s gg s s d k, b s s s

diseases directl related to poor indoor climate ( eg.:radon-induced cancers)

(Source: Pearce in 'Da light and Architecture', 2010)

b gs -

a - g , s s s s ,

. t s g s g s. , s

- s s s, s, g s . n s

tems ensure fresh air intake and use 10-30% less energ - g.

(Source: Pearce in 'Da light and Architecture', 2010)61 Billings, J. S. 1883. Ventilationand heating. The engineering andbuilding record.62 Pearce, F. 2010. Understandingthe indoor environment – Puttingpeople rst. Article in: Daylight &Architecture. P.1963 Pearce, F. 2010. ibid. P.21

(Photo: Adam Mørk, Velux Model Home 2020)



76 77

let in thedayliGht…

…and let ledsliGht up theniGht

In Sustainia, we have enhanced thequality, use, and experience o light.We know light is crucial or our physi-cal and mental well-being. Lightingmakes our lives uller, more produc-tive, and sa er. We know people areless likely to su er rom depression,anxiety, and recover much aster a -ter illness i given access to sunlightor high-quality arti cial l ightning. Wealso know that people are much moreproductive and learn much aster in aroom with ample daylight. An exten-sive study based on per ormance data

rom over 21,000 students in 2,000classrooms, ound that students inclassrooms with the largest windowarea progressed 15% aster in mathand 23% aster in reading than thosewith the least window area 64.

.

In Sustainia, it is obvious thatwe need to construct or retro t ourbuildings to ensure we live healthier,happier, smarter, and more produc-tive lives. In 2011, as much as 10% o the population su ers rom symp-toms o atigue, eeling low, and aninability to concentrate at work dueto lack o daylight 65. We have madeuse o existing solutions to installwindows that let in a lot o lightwhile ensuring optimal ventilation.

Since the invention o electric il-lumination, much progress has beenmade, with researchers constantlyexpanding the possibilities o light-ing up indoor and outdoor settings.In Sustainia, we install arti ciallights that more closely mimic natu-ral light in quantity and quality.

Besides increasing your well-being,e cient lighting technology achievessigni cant energy savings 66:

• Lighting consumes 19% o allelectricity worldwide

• Public and commercial buildingsrepresent 60% o lighting elec-tricity consumption

• In 2011, 80% o the lighting inbuildings was old technology

• Switching to new lighting tech-nology could ensure averageglobal savings in energy use and

electricity costs o 70%

The way orward is LED (light-emitting diode) lighting.

American organizations report increased productivityo 15-25% a ter moving to buildings with better lighting

(Source: Pearce in 'Daylight and Architecture', 2010)

64 Heschong Mahone Group. 2003.d g & p .65 Pearce, F. 2010. i bid. P.2566 p s iea t -cal Conference 2010: Energef e l g g b gs & p s. S2010. Energ -e cient lighting - As “G S ” s



78 79

10 REASONS SUSTAINIAmoved to ledS

1 l e d S g e n e r a t e v e r y l i t t l e H e a t

.

t r a d i t i o n a l l i g H t B u l B S a r e e S -

S e n t i a l l y

H e a t l a m p S t H a t H a p p e n

t o d i S p e n S e l i g H t . t H e y g i v e o F F

S o

m u c H H e a t t H a t a i r - c

o n d i t i o n i n g

S y S t e m S H a v e t o w o r k H a r d e r .

2 t H e y l a S t

a l o n g t i m e –

u p t o 3 5

, 0 0 0

H o u r S a n d 2 0 y e a r S o F n o r m a l u S e

3 t H e y a r e p e r F e c t F o r H a r d - t o -

r e a c H p l a c e S w H e r e t H e i r l o n g

l i F e t i m e i S

a r e a l a S S e t .

4 y o u c o n t r o l t H e l i g H t –

m a n y l e d

l i g H t i n g F i x t u r e S a r e d i m m a B l e

.

5 t H e y a r e S a F e r

. l e S S H e a t m e a n S

l e S S c H a n

c e o F F i r e

.

6 t H e y a r e n o t F r a g i l e

, a n d c o n t a i n

n o g l a S S

. t H e y a r e S H o c k p r o o F ,

v e r y r o B u S t , a n d m o r e d u r a B l e

7 y o u c a n c

r e a t e d i F F e r e n t a t m o -

S p H e r e S F o r d i F F e r e n t p u r p o S e S

8 y o u S a v e m o n e y –

i t i S a n i n v e S t m e n t

t H a t p a y S F o r i t S e l F i n e n e r g y S a v -

i n g S a n d a v o i d e d B u l B r e p l a c e m

e n t .

9 t H e y c o n t a i n n o p o l l u t a n t S a n d

p o i S o n

, a n d t H e d i S c a r d e d l e d c a n

B e r e c y c l e d

.

1 0 w i l l H e l p

p r o t e c t y o u r e y e S – t

H e y

d o n ’ t F l i c

k e r

.

S :p s iea tConference 2010: Energef e l g g Buildings & Philips. 2010. Energef l g g - a s

“G S ” s & p s.2011. Podium for the Home 2011– led i .



80 81

a cleverhome? an eaSyupGrade? yeS,pleaSe

There are many ways you canans orm your home to Sustainiaandard. Most people living in Sus-inia have either decided to upgradeeir home by changing or adding

hysical components and elementsretro tting – or by implementing

cient electronic systems that canelp manage their energy consump-on. O course these two approachesen’t mutually exclusive; one has to

o with In ormation and Communi-tion Technology, the other primar-

y with materials. We will in the nextouple o pages explain each approach

greater detail.

Smart and intelligent homesThe de nition o smart homes is:

“Dwellings that use integrated com-munication systems to monitor andmanage the per ormance o t he home,and to support the li estyle choiceso the occupants.” An in-built, pro-grammed electronic system controlskey elements in your home (or apart-ment) to suit your needs. You selectyour pre erred lighting and tempera-ture throughout the day, scheduled

or when you are home or away. Theelectronic system unctions as thebrain o the building. It can also han-dle re checks, security, and controlyour electronic devices.

Besides improving the quality o li e,the primary goal o a smart home is tominimize environmental impact: en-ergy usage, water usage, and carbonemissions. (For a detailed description,see next page).

Retroftted homesThis category includes the upgrades

and repairs you make to your dwell-ing to reduce energy consumptionand improve livability. Retro ts canbe small and simple, or large andcomplex. A retro tting o your house

can include: replacement o wi ndows,added insulation, sealed leaks, andinstallation o solar panels. Most o these improvements can be do-it-yoursel projects, and need not becomplicated. On page 84, we presenta list o ways to upgrade your hometo make it healthier and more energye cient.



82 83

your wiSh iS yourhomeS demand

In Sustainia, we use technology tosimpli y our lives. Intelligent homesare ully developed in Sustainia, cov-ering an impressive range o possibili-ties: automatic bathing solutions con-trolled via your phone; mood lighting;home cinemas; an “all-o button”; andcentral heating controlled by thermo-stat 67. Each element reduces energyconsumption, but, more importantly,they make li e simpler. They allowgreater control o temperature, light-ing, water usage, and ventilation.Smart homes make it much easier

or the occupant to track energy con-sumption. Real-time display o energyusage makes it easy to see which ap-pliances or devices consume a lot o energy. The display illustrates energyconsumption against electricity edback to the grid via onsite renewableinstallations such as roo top solarpanels.

(Photo: Cisco)

(Photo: Cisco)

An intelligent home helps you con-trol and monitor 68:

• Heating• Water usage• Communications and entertain-

ment (TV-recorder, personal com-puters)

• Safety and security systems• Lighting• Health and well-being• Climate control

67 Impact. July/August 2011. Sus-tainability by design: smart hometechnologies.68 Nicholl, A. & Perry, M. 2009.Smart home systems and thecode or sustainable homes.



84 85

GivinG homeSA MAKE-OVER

In Sustainia, we prioritize upgrad-ing existing homes to make them ase cient, healthy, and com ortable aspossible.

Here are some easy xes to retro tyour home to Sustainia standards:

u y l l g l v p l : Ever-more companies spe-cialize in reclaiming excess or used building materials that have wide reuse poten-tial, such as doors and windows.

o - kl : This can back up the solar h ot water systemin the coldest months.

s p f l g l Led : Changing ve o the mostrequently used bulbs in your home can save you $100 per year or more on elec-

tric bills.

P g y : Programmable thermostats allow you to automate

systems to reduce energy use. No need to run heating and cooling systems whenno one is home during the day, or at night when everyone is sleeping.

Pl g l k : This simple step can go a long way toward maintaining a com ort-able home, saving money on heating and air conditioning bills. Common leaksoccur around windows, doors, and other wall penetrations. Plugging leaks withcaulk or weather stripping can be a simple do-it-yoursel job.



86 87

“I Know the Idea may not Bevery glamoroUs (…) not seXy.I dIsagree... here’s what’sseXy aBoUt It: savIng money.thInK aBoUt It thIs way: IF yoUhaven’t UPgraded yoUr homeyet, It’s not JUst heat or coolaIr that’s escaPIng -- It’s en-ergy and money that yoU arewastIng. IF yoU saw $20 BIllsJUst sort oF FloatIng throUghthe wIndow UP Into the atmo-sPhere, yoU’d try to FIgUreoUt how yoU were goIng to

KeeP that. BUt that’s eXactlywhat’s haPPenIng BecaUse oFthe lacK oF eFFIcIency In oUrBUIldIngs.”

p s b k o 6

s enerGY star ppl : ENERGY STAR-quali ed appliances anddevices are the most energy-e cient products on the market. When time hascome to replace an old appliance – re rigerator, microwave, clothes washer, ortumble dryer – remember that even i an ENERGY STAR appliance costs a bitmore, each appliance could reduce your energy bill by $50 yearly.

i ll l p l : Solar panels are increasingly afordable or homeowners.Solar power can be harne ssed to create electricity or your h ome, to heat water,and to improve indoor lighting.

b : Install low- ow showerheads and aucets and low- ush toilets.Use gray water – collected in rainwater tanks – or your toilet and garden. Buysimple lter bottles instead o bottled water.

u v lly ly p g l g p : These don’t give

of volatile organic compounds, or VOCs. Low- or no-VOC products greatly im-prove indoor air quality and protect your health. Look or low-VOC paints andcleaning products.

r pl y : Replacing old, ine cient windows helps maintain a con-stant temperature in your home and can improve air ventilation. You can alsochoose windows with electrochromic shading that adjust tinting based on theintensity o sunlight, helping to keep your home cool in summer. 69 The White House - O ce o the

press secretary. 15.12.2009.Remarks by President Barack Obamaon Energy e ciency and job creation.



88 89

viSit a homen SuStainia

Green roo S/Green wallS/ roo top GardenScorporating green walls into a build-g’s design ofers a host o bene ts:ded insulation; reduced stormwaternof; absorption o pollutants; natu-

habitat or birds, bees, and butter-es; and reduced outside noise.

windowSMaximum daylight and ventilation en-sure optimal indoor com ort and mini-mal energy consumption. In Sustainia,we use windows that allow natural ven-tilation without a disturbing breeze,and that let in the light while shadingus rom the glare.

Solar panelSRoo top solar panels will provide most,i not all, o the electricity used in yourhouse 70 . Sourcing renewable poweronsite, and not rom a distant conven-tional power plant, reduces transmis-sion losses, slashing emissions andpreventing the burning o ossil uels.

environmentally riendlypaint

To reduce indoor air contaminationand the spread o allergens, use onlyenvironmentally riendly paint. Use olead paint was responsible or neuro-logical problems and even deaths inmany children throughout the last cen-tury. Until recently, nearly all paints onthe market contained volatile organiccompounds (VOCs) – chemicals thatevaporate as the paint dries and givesdrying paint a chemical smell. Evena ter these paints have dried, smallamounts o VOCs continue to be re-leased or years. These chemicals areknown to exacerbate respiratory aller-gies in sensitive people and animals,and are harm ul i released to the en-vironment.

In Sustainia, we only use low and zero-VOC paints. This paint does not con-

tain chemicals that can make you sick.It is good or you and the environment.And the price is competitive.

inSulation The walls are insulated with aerogel, or “ rozen smoke” asit is sometimes called, a nano-technological wonder andthe world’s lightest and best-insulating material due to itsmolecular structure. It will save energy and money, andhelp improve the indoor climate. Remembering that a low-energy building uses at least 50% less energy than a stan-dard building 72 underlines the importance o insulation. Agrowing body o research 73 shows that better energy e -

ciency in buildings, in particular insulation, is one o themost cost-efective measures to reduce CO2 emissions 74

LED LIGHTS: (INSIDE AND OUTSIDE THE HOUSE)LED lights, or applications in homes and businesses, hit themainstream beginning in 2010. Previous problems in designand distribution were corrected. LED lights started out pricey,but prices came down quickly as the technology improved andmanu acturers scaled up production. Consumers also becamesavvier about accounting or the li e- cycle cost o the productsthey buy, as well as the long-term pay-of o using a more sus-tainable lighting alternative 71

Sel -cleaninG paintNew options are photocatalytic paints and other coat-ings, which actually remove local air pollutants rom airin a room or outdoors. These paints or coatings have anti-microbial, de-odorizing, sel -cleaning, and anti-pollutionproperties and a low-VOC ormula. The dry paint or coat-ing cleans itsel by destroying bacteria and de ecting dirtthat might build up on its sur ace 75 .

environmental labelSke nutrition labels on ood, greenilding labels ofer easy-to-under-

and data and per ormance metricsor building materials. The labels willcome increasingly common or

using products globally.

70 MacKay, D.J.C. 2009. Sustain-able Energy - without the hot air.71 Environmental News Network.www.enn.com72 www.rockwool.com73 http://www.rockwool.com/energy+e ciency/the+role+o +insulation/economic+gain74 http://top10greenbuilding-products.com/2011/greensulate/;http://www.ecovativedesign.com/greensulate/75 http://www.sciencemag.org/content/331/6018/746.abstract



90 91

SuStainia homeprincipleS

1 B e t t e r a n

d c l e v e r d e S i g n l e a d

t o

B u i l d i n g S

t H a t F a r o u t p e r F o r m

n o n - S u

S t a i n a B l e B u i l d i n g S

2 B e t t e r l i g H t n i n g i m p r o v e S t H e e n -

d o r p H i n S w e n e e d t o F e e l H a p p y

a n d c o n t e n t

3 u S i n g r e n e w a B l e p o w e r F r o m S o -

l a r p a n e l S a n d S o l a r w a t e r

H e a t e r S w

i l l S a v e y o u a l o t o F

m o n e y

4 B e t t e r i n d o o r a i r q u a l i t y l e a d S

t o H e a l t H

i e r l i v i n g

5 i n c r e a S e d r e a l - t i m e i n F o r m a t i o n

o n e n e r g y a n d w a t e r u S a g e

c H a n g e S B e H a v i o r

6 B u i l d i n g S u S t a i n a B l y i S e a S y . a n d

c o S t e F F e c t i v e

.

The solutions described in this chapter are all availableand can trim energy use – in new and existi ng buildings – by30-50% without signi cant investments 76. The solutions arerelevant or countries in all reg ions, whatever the climate.

76 UNEP Sustainable Buildings &Climate Initiative. 2010. CommonCarbon Metric - or measur-ing energy use and reportinggreenhouse gas emissions rombuilding operations. P.4



92 93

the sUstaInIa eQUatIon:

ImPlement sImPle ImProve-ments to yoUr home = Bet-ter QUalIty oF lIFe + ener-gy and cost savIngs



94 95

caSe 1:a houSe thatproduceS itSown enerGy

ame & Location:odel Home 2020 (testing Activeouse Principles), Denmark

bout the project:he Active House vision is a rame-ork or how to design and renovateuildings that contribute positively touman health and well-being by o-using on the indoor and outdoor en-ronment and the use o renewable

nergy. The Active House principlest highly ambitious long term goalsor the uture building stock.

he Model Home 2020 project, com-ising o six newly constructed ortro tted buildings in ve European

ountries, demonstrates and tests howe Active House principles per orm inal-li e conditions.

est specifcations:ne o the Model Home test buildingsa newly constructed amily house inarhus, Denmark.

he house is built to be energy e -ent and all energy needed to run theouse is supplied by renewable energyurces integrated in the building or

rom the nearby electricity grid.

he indoor climate is enhanced through

architectural design as well as an automated control systemthat ensures a healthy and com ortable indoor temperature,air quality and lighting.

To learn exactly how the test house per ormed in real li econditions the house was monitored during a 12-monthperiod while a amily was living there. The data collectedwas both the measurable results as well as t he occupants’experiences.

Results:Energy: The house is carbon-neutral - all energ y is suppliedby clean or renewable sources. A ter planned adjustmentshave been made, the total household energy consumptionis expected to be at 2,000 kWh/year. The house is expectedto produce a surplus o 1,700 kWh/year – this energy can beused to uel an electric car or can be sold back to the grid.Livability: Both the quantitative daylight measurementsand the interviews with the occupants show that daylightconditions are good, with high levels o well-balanced day-light and access to direct light in all main rooms. “Right

rom the start we noticed that the air in the house was

good. The rooms are com ortable all the time because thewarm air is exhausted and t he indoor climate adjusted.”

Lessons learned:• Homes can be self-suf cient in energy supply by har-nessing the ree energy rom the sun• Automatic control systems for heating, mechanicalventilation, natural ventilation and solar shading are nec-essary or optimal per ormance in low-energy buildings –when residents have the possibility o interacting with thecontrol and regulation o the house, it has a major infuenceon the building’s energ y consumption.

CASE 2:retro ittinGhomeS built inTHE 1950 sName & LocationRELISH (Residents 4 Low Impact Sus-tainable Homes), United Kingdom

About the projectRELISH is a UK based initiative thathas set out to assess the most e ec-tive ways to drive down CO2 emis-sions rom UK homes.

In 2010 Relish completed a 1-year pi-lot study, involving our similar amilyhomes in the UK, built in the 1950’s.These households received either re-

urbishment, education, or both.

Test specifcationsThe low cost low carbon re urbish-ment o the household consisted o cost and energy e cient improve-ments or £ 6,500, such as insulation o walls and foors, air tightening, high-per ormance windows and energy e -

cient appliances and lighting.

The residential education comprisedo monthly energy meetings with eachhousehold, providing participantswith news about energy saving prod-ucts, tips on how to cut consumptionthrough an illustrated booklet and tai-lored energy advice or the householdsenergy pro le and consumption habits.

ResultsThe pilot study provided an excellentinsight into the impact o low-costlow carbon re urbishment to occupiedhomes, and the e ectiveness that ed-ucation and advice can have on reduc-ing residents’ energy use.

One o the high energy users amongthe test households cut 18% o theirannual energy bill alone by changingbehaviour based on the advice andeducation given through the project.Another house, receiving both retro-

ts and education, experienced a 29%reduction on their annual energy bill.“Looking back it seems silly to havelived waste ully and now it’s li ke we’reearning ree money” (Household resi-dent)

RELISH has shown how small chang-es can accumulate to noticeable en-

ergy reductions and nancial savingsand that we can achieve reductionsthrough education alone.

Lessons learnedLi estyle and habits play a signi cantrole in the energy use. Education anddemonstration projects are hugely im-portant when seeking to drive changeamong consumers.

Source:• Relish. 2009. Resident guide.• Relish. 2009. The pilot study.• Relish. 2010. Year one results

report. www.relish.org

• The principles are developedby the Active House Alliance,which includes architects,engineers, developers, scien-tists, building component manu-

acturers, and non-governmen-tal organisations.

• The Model Home 2020 projectis launched by the VELUX Groupin cooperation with multiplelocal and regional governments,suppliers, architects, engineersand researcherzs. The knowl-edge derived rom the projectswill be documented and used totake an active part in develop-ing sustainable buildings.

• VELUX, 2009/2011: Modelhome2020 - buildings o the uture.



96 97

energy

"electrIc Power Is everywhere Pres-ent In UnlImIted QUantItIes and candrIve the world's machInery wIth-oUt the need For coal, oIl or gas"

nIKola tesla



98 99

welcome to theenerGy SyStemn SuStainia

arGumentSor chanGe

We need energy to live. We neednergy all the time – rom when weake up till we go to bed. Even asleep,e need energy to keep appliancesumming. Some appliances and acil-es – reezers and re rigerators, hos-tals and data centers – need energy

4 hours a day.

The goal is not about deprivation:rning o lights, sitting in a reez-g cold room in winter, and neveraveling. It is to change the way weoduce the energy we need to livecom ortable, attractive li e. It is tomit pollution rom power plants t hatakes us sick.

In Sustainia we have trans ormedur energy system. We don’t worrybout security o supply. We don’torry about prices o oil going up as

e are not dependent on it. We areimarily powered by sources that arenewable and always will be: wind,lar, waste and water.

A trans ormation o our energysystem had to happen. The path wewere on was neither sustainable norreliable. In 2010, the electricity sectorwas responsible or 40% o worldwidecarbon dioxide emissions. And grow-ing electricity emphasized stress onincreasingly scarce water resources– the energy sector having been thesecond largest water user a ter agri-culture. Scientists warned we wereon a catastrophic path towards disas-ter. Not concerned with lowering ourenergy use – only our emissions – weturned to more sustainable powersources balancing the global require-ment or low carbon emissions withthe local water availability.

In Sustainia, we were not willing tosacri ce our li estyle and quality o li e. We wanted to improve it. In previ-

ous years, we had polluted more thanthe planet could bear. The only wayorward was to ensure that the en-

ergy we use comes rom reliable and

renewable sources that will not putextra pressure on ecosy stems, includ-ing our re shwater supplies.

We discovered that building cleanenergy systems created jobs in newindustries, opening up a range o newbusiness opportunities.

We are now enjoying a cleaner airand a blue sky. And we love not hav-ing to worry about supply. The sunwill keep shining and the wind willkeep blowing.

t ass ss r i g p

Climate Change (IPCC) calls foran 80-95% reduction in industri -ali ed countries’ greenhouse gasemissions below 1990 levels. Thishas to happen before 2050 to re -

sk g s s

g .



hydro3-4 Tw-yrper year

Geothermal0,3-2 Tw-yr

per year

tideS0,3 Tw-yr

per year

natural GaS215 Tw-yrtotal

petroleum240 Tw-yrtotal

uranium90-300 Tw-yrtotal

coal900 Tw-yrtotal reserve

100 101

powered bynature

The gure compares the yearly po-tential yield o renewable resourceswith the nite reserves o conven-tional energies.

Available solar energy exceeds theworld’s energy consumption by a

actor o 1,500. Fossil uels such as oiland coal alone could meet our energyneeds or another three or our gen-erations, but would do so at consid-erable environmental cost.

renewable enerGy reSourceS

Solar23,000 Tw-yrper year

wind25-70 Tw-yrper year

waveS0,2-2 Tw-yrper year

otec3-11 Tw-yrper year

biomaSS2-6 Tw-yrper year

oSSil enerGy reSourceSworld enerGy uSe16 Tw-yrper year

( t s s ‘d g& Architecture’ published b thevelux G . r s r -

p z, r s p ss S r s ass

a s S sResearch Center)



heatinG:warm up yourhome

electricity:Smart andclean enerGyiS here

102 103

Below ground, the soil stays at al-ost the same temperature yearund. In Sustainia we take advan-ge o this constant temperature toeat water, supply heat or radiantor heating systems and radiators,

nd even run air conditioning. This islled a geothermal heating system.

his clever technology needs very lit-e maintenance a ter installation andthere ore an easy and reliable way heating your home.

As a complement to the heat youn get rom below the ground, solar

eating panels on top o your roo canso help heat your home. The sun-ght heats pipes containing water,hich is heated and circulates in theme system as water heated by the

elow-ground geothermal system.ou decide whether to use energy

rom the sun to heat your home or togenerate electricity 77.

Another method to heat your homerelies on synergies with electricity-producing power plants located near-by. Combined heat and power plantscan burn biogas generated romhousehold waste to deliver districtheating and electricity to your home.

You need not to worry about beingcold or having to take cold showers. InSustainia we got plenty o ways to en-sure your home is nice and warm.

you let him buy it rather than use ityoursel .

It is quite nice or our citizens liv-ing in Sustainia - they make moneyout o our new energy system withoutdoing much. And they help integraterenewable sources o energy into oursystem. Collaboration is what makesthis work per ectly.

In Sustainia, we haven’t decreasedthe number o appliances and prod-ucts that run on electricity; we havechanged the way we produce electric-ity. We have electri ed our society.We use electricity in more applica-tions than ever be ore, including topower cars and trucks. And we haveupgraded our power lines to handlemore players in the electricity game.

In Sustainia, the energy system ise cient and clever. Electricity comes

rom various sources, but primarilythe wind and sun. The goal is to useonly renewable energy. We are notthere yet, but getting closer. On ourway towards eliminating ossil uels

rom the electricity mix.

The year 2020, the year o Sustainia,marks the middle o a trans ormationin the way we produce electricity. Nolonger are you simply a consumer o electricity. You also produce and sellelectricity. To be more than simply aconsumer o electricity means thatyou produce it at your home (we re-turn to this later), that you are ca-pable o storing any surplus, and thatyou can sell electricity to your neigh-bor when needed. That is t o say, whenhe is willing to pay you enough that

77 http://www.solarthermalworld.org/node/1345



104 105

a Smart enerGySySTEM IS LIKEpieceS in apuZZle…

Many call the energy system weave in Sustainia a smart grid. It ismart because it is e cient; a gridecause it connects di erent energyurces into a system able to handle a

wo-way fow o electricity. The easi-t way to explain a smart grid is toesent all the constituent elements

ke pieces in a puzzle. Piece by piece,e will explain how di erent sourcesterlock to orm the electricity sys-m in Sustainia 78.

Leaving out specifc numbers ex-aining the smart grid system:Rather than de ne speci c param-ers o Sustainia’s economy and ge-graphy, we describe technologiesat promise to move us to sustain-

able electricity generation. As such,we do not imagine speci c % amountso electricity generated by any tech-nology. Instead, we paint a picture o potential technologies, and cite someo their estimated contributions in

uture scenarios by the InternationalEnergy Agency and Danish Commis-sion on Climate Change. Exactly howmuch each source contributes var-ies with the assumptions one makesabout uture economic and politicaldevelopments.

78 The vision o the Sustainiaelectricity system draws rom thevisions expressed in: Danish Com-mission on Climate Change Policy.2010. Green Energy - The Road toa Danish Energy System WithoutFossil Fuels. MacKay, D.J.C. 2009.Sustainable Energy - without thehot air. Waterloo Global ScienceInitiative. 2011. Equinox Communi-que.



106 107

what happenSn your houSe?Electricity in Sustainia is produced at central powerants and on the roo o your house. The roo top solar pan-s convert sunlight into electricity, which you use, or sellyour neighbor – whichever is more pro table.

It works like this. An electric vehicle is parked in yourarage, which charges at night when power is cheap. Dur-g the day, when you are at work, you sell the surplus elec-city rom the roo top solar panels to a neighboring o ce

uilding, which needs power to run arti cial lighting andr-conditioning.

puZZle piece #1

roo topSolarRoo top solar panels contain photo-voltaic material – sometimes re erredto as PV. The material is named or itsability to convert the energy containedin sunlight (photons) into an electricalvoltage 79 . The roo top solar panels willprovide a signi cant portion o thetotal electricity used in your home 80 .Producing electricity where it is usedreduces transmission losses, which keeps

ossil uels in the ground.

79 Masters, G.M. 2004. Renewableand e cient electric powersystems.80 MacKay, D.J.C. 2009. Sustain-able Energy - without the hot air.



PUzzLE PIECE #2

evSustainia’s electric vehicle eet pro-vides battery storage to the electri-cal system. Individual EVs are pro-grammed to charge only when thereis excess power on the grid – surpluswind power at night, or solar powerat midday. Your car battery provides

exibility to the system, exibility nec-essary to incorporate large amountso renewable energy whose output wecannot control 81.

108 109

81 Danish Energy Association andEnerginet.dk. 2010. Smart Grid inDenmark.



puZZle piece #3

thepowerlineSThe power lines, or “the grid,” in Sus-tainia, have been digitized. The con-cept o “smart grids” re ers to the i nte-gration o in ormation technology intothe electricity grid enabling communi-cation between individual elements othe system to achieve:

1) exible demand or the integrationo variable-output renewables and2) to improve the overall e ciency othe system 82 .

(Photo: DNV/Per Sverre Wold-Hansen)82 This de nition is loosely basedon those presented by the Euro-pean Technology Plat orm, theDanish Energy Industry Associa-tion, and the Danish TransmissionSystem Operator Energinet.dkwith an emphasis on the advan-tages with respect to renewablesand system e ciency. EuropeanCommission. 2006. Vision andStrategy or European Electric-ity Networks o the Future.Danish Energy Association andEnerginet.dk. 2010. Smart Grid inDenmark.110 111

what happenSwith the powerineS?The power lines that connect you with everyone else in

ustainia, especially large power plants, have been upgrad-d to enable small energy producers to join the electricityme. Technology installed in your home and on the power

nes enables your electrical appliances to “communicate” toe rest o the system to nd the cheapest electricity. Youn even control the system directly using your smart phone,d decide when to buy and sell electricity. You get cheaperectricity and help integrate renewables into the grid.



PUzzLE PIECE #4

windpowerThe IEA estimates that 8% o theworld’s electricity needs will be met bywind power in 2035. The Danish Com-mission on Climate Change asserts thatDenmark has the potential to cover allo its electricity needs rom wind power– the main obstacle being the variabilityo the resource. In Sustainia, wind pow-er delivers a portion o your electricityneeds somewhere in between the two

estimates; its variability is ofset bylong distance transmissions lines con-tributing to even out local diferencesin wind availability and also by the abil-ity o your EV to charge when the windis blowing hard.

83 Technologies like tidal powerand wave power have been omit-ted rom this description due totheir relatively low impact on anentire electricity system. MacKay,D.J.C. 2009. Sustainable Energy -without the hot air.84 IEA. 2010. World Energy Out-look 2010.85 Richardson, K. et al. 2011.Denmark’s Road Map or FossilFuel Independence - Solutions.Vol 2, No. 4. As numbers vary, wedo not make a speci c claim as tothe share o wind power. Rather,we emphasize general agreementabout the potential or signi cantcontributions to electricity sys-tems rom wind power.

112 113

what happenSat the powerplant?

When we fick the switch, we expect the light to go on.

The renewable energy sources we use have one thing inmmon: They won’t run out. Not tomorrow, in a year, in

0 years, or in 100 years. A ew o t hem, however, have an-her thing in common. We have less control over when

nd how much power they produce. With a conventionalower plant, i you want to turn up the heat in your home,e utility can burn more natural gas 83.

For that reason, we combine the renewable sourceshose output we can’t completely control with sourceshose output we can control and storage. We can’t controlow much the sun shines or when and how hard the windows. We can control how much heat we extract rom theside o the Earth, how much water we let though our

ams, and how much waste-generated biogas we burn inmbined heat and power plants.



puZZle piece #6

Solar armSThe potential o solar power is awesome. The Earth receiveson the order o 6,000 times its total energy needs rom the

sun87

. Geopolitical, geographic, technological, and economicconstraints have hampered its development. In Sustainia,large-scale solar arms like those in Southern Cali ornia 88 andthose envisioned in the deserts o the Sahara 89 can supply an-other signi cant portion o the electricity you use. The tech-nology installed on your roo top, called photovoltaic (PV), iscomplemented by Concentrated Solar Power (CSP), which

ocuses large amounts o sunlight onto a single ocal point.The concentrated sunlight heats a working uid, which pro-duces steam that drives a turbine 90 . One advantage o large-scale solar is that it can be installed where the solar resourceis greatest.

PUzzLE PIECE #5

enhancedGeothermalpowerWe extract energy rom the core o the Earth by drilling downto the hot rock beneath the sur ace. Water is inj ected into onewell and extracted rom another. Heat is trans erred to thewater rom the rock beneath the sur ace. The heat is extract-ed and converted to electricity using a steam turbine aboveground. The potential o enhanced geothermal power is e -

ectively unlimited. The di culty o drilling several km intothe ground and extracting its heat has limited the technology

in the past 86 .

(Photo: DNV/Magne Røe)

114 115

86 Tester, J.W. et al. 2006. The u-ture o geothermal energy: impacto Enhanced Geothermal Systems(EGS) on the United States in the21st Century. Geothermal poten-tial varies by country and geologi-cal conditions. Again, we do notmake a speci c claim about thepotential but emphasize that it isthere and signi cant.87 Masters, G.M. 2004. Renewableand e cient electric powersystems.88 http://www.cali orniavalleysolar-ranch.com/89 http://www.desertec.org/90 http://ec.europa.eu/research/energy/eu/research/csp/index_en.htm



PUzzLE PIECE #8

waterJust like we did in 2011 we exploit the power o natural wa-ter ow using dams. In 2011, hydropower accounted or 16%o the world’s electricity mix and, in Sustainia, it contributesa similar amount. Critically, hydropower can easily be dis-patched to match the uctuations o the variable pieces in thepuzzle – wind and solar 93 .

puZZle piece #7

waSteIn Sustainia, household waste is col-lected and combined with industrialand animal waste to produce biogasin decomposition plants 91. Biogas canreplace natural gas in the electricitysystem, which suggests that the in ra-structure already exists in countriesthat use natural gas 92 .

hoto: Dong)

91 One such acility is the REne-science technology developed byDONG energy, which separates

materials or recycling as well asproducing biogas and solid uelsor energy generation: http://

www.dongenergy.com/Rene-science/Pages/index.aspx92 Energistyrelsen, 2010. Anv-endelse a biogasressourcerneog gasstrategi her or. (Danishpublication) Danish Commissionon Climate Change Policy. 2010.Green Energy - The Road to aDanish Energy System WithoutFossil Fuels93 Whether hydropower increasesits share o global electricity gen-eration in the models o the IEAdepends on the scenario used.In the re erence case, the shareremains the same. In the “currentpolicies,” scenario the share alls

rom 16 % to 13 %, and in the“ambitious policies” scenario“450,” the share increases rom 16% to 19%. IEA. 2010. World EnergyOutlook 2010. P.620-621.116 117



puttinGthe pieceStoGether

Put all o the pieces tog ether and you get a picture o whatthe electricity system looks like in Sustainia. You have be-come a player in the electricity game by installing roo topsolar on your home and keeping an electric car in your ga-rage. Power lines have been upgraded to handle this trans-

ormation. With the addition o renewables whose output wecan control – hydro, geothermal, and biomass – and the fex-ibility provided by your electric vehicle, we have added largeamounts o wind and solar to the grid.

The trans ormation permits you to walk your city reerom the roar o internal combustion engines, enjoying the

clean air that ollows rom non-polluting sources o energy.

In Sustainia, there is no need to eel guilty about theamount o energy you use – you know it is non-polluting.

Ahhhh… resh air.

118 119



120 121

transPortatIon

“the world Is a BooK andthose who do not travelread only one Page”

st. aUgUstIne



92 Biello, D. 03.01.2011. Drivingto the Future: Can China – andthe World – Aford 2 Billion Cars?Scienti c American.93 Graham, P. CSIRO. 26.05.2011.Could bio-derived jet uel giveaviation a uture? The Conversa-tion.94 World Resources Institute. Octo-ber 2010. Citywide Transporta-tion Greenhouse Gas EmissionsInventories: A Review o SelectedMethodologies.122 123

welcome toa new wayo GettinGaround

arGumentS orchanGe

In Sustainia, mobility i s paramount.ities, once designed or cars, now givee erence to buses and trains, pedes-ans and peddlers. Walking paths,

ycle tracks, bus-rapid transit corri-ors, high-speed trains, electric carsresidents in Sustainia have sustain-

ble options to reach school and work,rands and play. Motors run not onl or coal but batteries charged by t heind and sun, the tides and earth’seat. Next-generation bio uels comeot rom corn but jatropha, camelina,nd newsprint. In Sustainia, gettingound means mobility without car-

on, miles without oil.

Cars were supposed to be a blessing.Fast and convenient, cars promised

reedom and adventure, an unbrokenspan o asphalt reaching to the sun-set. Instead, it’s a love stor y gone hor-ribly wrong. Cars took over our cities,

ouled the air we breathe, and spewedgases that are warming t he planet. By2010, some 1.2 billion 92 cars, trucks,buses, and motorcycles clogged theworld’s streets and highways.

Cars weren’t the only means o get-ting around that got us into trouble.Commercial ships belched soot andburned dirty bunker uel. The avia-tion industry, which saw its emissionssoar as low-cost airlines made long-distance travel easier, became one o the astest-growing sources 93 o globalgreenhouse emissions. Altogether,transport accounts or about 14% o

the world’s CO2 emissions94

.

But at the moment the situationseemed most dire, we pushed thesector in a new direction. Clever en-gineers discovered ways to shaveweight rom cars, planes, and trucks.They created bio uels to replace tradi-tional petrol. They electri ed cars andtrucks, planes and ships. Smart con-sumers were ready to buy low-pollut-ing vehicles, to live closer to transit, togive up owning a car, i a bike or buswould do.

Getting around in Sustainia meansless carbon and more choices. Gettingaround never elt so good.



F R E D R I K

p r a b

h u

j i a

124 125

ravel alonG witheal SuStainianS:

3 StorieS rom 3partS o SuStainia

Elsewhere in this guidebook, wehave presented how Sustainians live,at home and within their cities andnew energy systems. In this chaptero the guidebook, you will meet threeSustainians and spend a day withthem on their daily commute. Thiswill give you a clear picture o howSustainians are living better by mak-ing ull use o smarter, cleaner trans-portation options. Prabhu, in Seattle,drives an electric car and commutes

to work on low-carbon planes andhigh-speed trains; Jia, in Guangzhou,China, commutes to work on a next-generation bus system and relies on abike-sharing network to make meet-ings with clients; Fredrik, in Kris-tianstad, Sweden, drives a biogas- u-eled car and uses a car service ratherthan buy a second car 95.

Here’s what getting around will looklike in 2020 …

95 All stories are based on thetechnologies and transportationsystem that could be available in2020 in their region.



126 127

GettinGaround iS eaSyn SuStainia

Story 1

Prabhu, 44, Venture Capitalist, Seattle, United States

Startled by the alarm clock, Prabhu rises, picks up hisphone, and opens a text message rom his uti lity. His elec-tric sedan, plugged in and parked in the garage, is ullycharged. Charging didn’t begin unti l 2:33 a.m., when strongwinds in the Columbia River Gorge pushed output at all o the regions wind arms to ull capacity, sending electric-ity prices t umbling. Prabhu’s account settings 96 ensure thateach night his car charges only when electricity is cheap-est and supply strong. Temperatures plunged overnight, soPrabhu, through the app on his smart phone, pre-heatedthe car 10 minutes be ore rolling out o the garage. The appsaves him time, and, by charging the battery while the caris still plugged in, conserves energy stored in the battery

or driving.

Prabhu commutes each morning to downtown Seattlerom his home, located on an island in Puget Sound. This

morning he rolls up to the pier and waits or the signal todrive into the belly o the erry that will carry him to thedock in Seattle. A ew years be ore, the erry operator up-graded its feet. Gone are ships burning dirty bunker uelin aging diesel engines. Instead, the roo is lined with so-lar panels, which charge the battery. A hybrid propulsionsystem, part uel cell, part elect ric motor, pushes the errytoward Seattle.

Forty- ve minutes later, Prabhu rolls down the ramp andturns the car toward the nancial sector. His phone beeps.Waiting at a stop light, Prabhu glances at the text message:his bank has debited his account $10.00 or the erry toll,and $8.00, a commuting hour congestion charge 100, to en-ter the city center. Reaching his building, Prabhu entersthe parking garage, pulling into one o the designated EVcharging stations. He plugs in. The utility will top o hisbattery mid-morning, when demand on the grid eases.Prabhu gave the utility permission to tap energy stored inhis battery, at home or at work, when needed. It happens

just a ew times a year – hot summer a ternoons when airconditioners are humming, or a storm knocks out electric-ity in a neighborhood – but when the utility does tap hisbattery, it deposits a credit into his account.

A ew hours into the morning, Prabhu, late or a meetingwith a potential client, an engineer with a start-up spunout o a local university research lab, rushes down to theparking garage. There won’t be time to catch the light-rail,he thinks. He leaves in his car and, a ew moments later,his phone beeps. At a stop, he g lances at a text rom Seat-tle’s smart parking service. On his way out o the o ce, hehad asked his secretary to reserve a parki ng space near theca é where he’s to meet the engineer – no more circli ng theblock looking or parking. Spot #734 waits, just a 3-minutewalk, one block, rom the ca é.

Solar-powered hybrid andall-electric errieS

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tû p S 98 , s -

circled the world in 2011, and as s - s99 -s bmt n g G s

s c s scities beginning in 2012.

wind and evs – a per ect match

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power during the 90% of the da cars sit idle. A report 97 s u.S. p n s n l -

tor , in September 2011, found that the region’s elec - g

wind power if just 13% of cars were EVs.

DEMAND BASED-PRICE PARKING, WITH SMART PHONEinter ace

Inspiration for Prabhu’s parking experience in downtownS s S k s s 101 SFrancisco, in September 2011. The service gives drivers re -

- k g s s - g g s s.

ul resource or in orma-charging, the smarte networked EV isReport.com. Inspiration’s interaction with

mes, in part, rom this

07.09.2011. Electricng and Smart Grid,EV. CleanFleetReport.

F. et al. July 2011. Usinghicles to Meet Balanc-ments Associated withr. Paci c Northwest

aboratory (U.S.) PNNL-

r, B. 18.08.2011. Haves, Will Travel. The New

. 18.08.2011. Electricolar Boat to China.og, Wired.com.ies are looking to ollowand London’s exampledrivers a congestionr city centers. Thejing, where driversace a levy to drive onads, Chinese o cialsin September 2011.07.09.2011. Beijing to

estion Charge to Easeuce Pollution. AutoB-

R. 15.09.2011. TextingMake it Simpler to ParkFrancisco Chronicle.



128 129

A partner at one o the West Coast’s leading venturecapital rms, Prabhu travels o ten to meet with prospec-tive clients and check in on his r m’s investments. On thisday, he needs to make a 3:30 p.m. fight or San Francisco.Once each month he visits his rm’s Silicon Valley o ce,in Palo Alto, or a meeting with the other partners in thecleantech practice. On shorter trips in Washington and Or-egon, he takes the new Cascadia high-speed t rain. The pasttwo months, he’s made a weekly visit to Portland, Oregon,to visit a thin- lm solar panel actory – an investment hehad shepherded rom the research lab to market. On eachtrip, Prabhu notices more riders. Just one year a ter open-ing, the Seattle-Portland train has lured away hal o theairline tra c on the same route 102.

Prabhu arrives at Seattle-Tacoma International Airport(Sea-Tac) with plenty o time to make his fight. He parksat one o the long-term EV charging stations. Sea-Tac, likemany American airports 103 , began adding EV charging sta-tions as soon as the rst wave o next-generation plug-invehicles hit the market, in 2010 and 2011. The beep romhis phone, he knows rom routine, is the text message romhis bank debiting his account $15 or the parking ee. Theutility will top o the battery overnight.

Seated at the gate, Prabhu looks out the w indow. His SanFrancisco-bound plane is waiting, ready to board passen-gers. His client in Portland, the thin- lm solar company,had won a lucrative contract only the year be ore to out-

t the airline’s feet with solar. He smiles, glancing at theplane – a he ty return on investment or his rm, andplenty o clean power or the airline. With the lightweightsolar panels a xed to each wing and uselage 104 eedingelectricity t o the plane’s battery pack and auxiliary motor,the plane is able to turn o its power ul, uel-hungry mai nengines at the gate, and burn less uel in the air.

In the air, Prabhu rides with a cleaner conscience thanhe did even a ew years be ore. Clever engineers had dis-covered creative ways to save uel. They shaved poundsby replacing metal in the rame with carbon ber and us-ing ceramics in the engine; they reduced drag by addingan acrylic resin to the exterior paint job to ll in cracks.Beginning in 2011 and 2012, global airlines and the UnitedStates military started replacing petroleum-based jet uelwith bio uels105.

In two hours, he’s on the ground in San Francisco. An

automated AirTrain carries him to the plat orm where ahigh-speed train waits. Completed just six months be ore,the line link s San Francisco to Los Angeles. Prabhu boards,he had purchased a ticket rom t he plane using his phone,but doesn’t bother nding a seat. The train – capable o speeds o up to 220 mph – covers 109 the 12 miles to his stopin Palo Alto in just 8 minutes.

When he arrives at Seattle 24 hours later, a ter a morn-ing o meetings in Silicon Valley, his car will be waiting,

ully charged, ready or the t rip home.

Summary:Innovations that make Prabhu’s

s :• Electric vehicle out tted with

g g g g• Solar-powered, h brid and all-

s• Demand-based price parking

s • Vehicle-to-grid technolog – EVs

s s s g s

• Airplane fuel-saving measures:

s s, , g s

• Next-generation biofuels – in-g - s

• High-speed rail

uel-SavinG meaSureS or air-linerS

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claims the 787 Dreamliner, out t - g - f Ge

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s . i 108 , s, s s SaS,

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102 RENFE, Spain’s state-ownedtrain operator, reports that the375-mile Madrid-Barcelona AVEhigh-speed train route has cap-tured nearly hal o Iberia Airlines’tra c on the same route.Selcraig, B. 16.08.2010. TakingHigh-Speed Trains into the Future.Miller-McCune.com.103 Addison, J. 25.05.2011. OaklandAirport 15 Coulomb ChargingSpaces or Electric Cars. Clean-FleetReport.com.104 The Solar Impulse SB-HIA, asuper-light, carbon- ber aircra tout tted with 12,000 solar cells,recently completed three interna-tional ights on a European tourpowered by solar alone. http://www.solarimpulse.com/105 Murray, J. 17.08.2011. ObamaReadies Jet Bio uels or TakeofWith $510m Investment. Busi-nessGreen.com, and Nichols, W.03.08.2011. Aeromexico PilotsFirst Trans-Atlantic CommercialBio uel Flight.107A thorough guide to recentaviation industry research into

uel-saving measures is thisspecial report. The Economist.03.09.2011. Changes in the Air.108 Paur, J. 26.08.2011. Feds SignOf on Boeing’s 787 Dreamliner.Autopia Blog, Wired.com.109 Scandinavian Airlines (SAS).Email correspondence. Septem-ber 12, 2011.



130 131

Smart tranSportMAKES URBAN LIVINGeaSy in SuStainia

Jia, 29, Architect, Urban Planner Guangzhou, China

Jia does not own a car. Unlike many people her age inChina, she has never really wanted to drive. For as long asshe can remember, cars have increased in popularity, espe-cially in ast-growing Chinese cities such as Guangzhou 110,her hometown o 14 million people. It was not always so.

China is still one o the world’s great biking countries,but, as the middle class expanded, car sales boomed asbike sales slumped. In Guangzhou, the percentage o tr ipsby bike bottomed out at just over 10%. By 20 09, the city hadnot built a new bike lane i n a dozen years and was adding300,000 cars to its streets each year 111.

But, at about that time, Guangzhou started to change. Anarchitect and urban planner, Jia had, at universit y, studiedplans or the signature project credited with turning thetide against cars: the bus-rapid transit (BRT) corridor alongZhongshan Avenue. Planners re-imagined a 22.5-kilometerstretch o the st reet, located in the city’s bustli ng commer-cial district. They replaced a 12-lane ree- or-all that le tcars, buses, and bikes jostling or position with a layoutthat dedicated lanes or cars a nd buses, and included twoseparated bike lanes.

Jia depends on the new system. The apartment sheshares with her husband, Xue, is located in a h igh-rise tow-er constructed along Zhongshan Avenue a ew years a terthe BRT corridor was installed. Some days Jia bikes to hero ce, some days she rides the bus, deciding based on theweather.

buS-rapid tranSit corridorS

In Sustainia, bus-rapid transit (BRT)s s g s ,

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k s, s - s, s - g, - - - s s.

o it, g GpS s,s s -

f s g s. n100 cities launched BRT s stemsfrom 2000-2010; 50 more wereunder construction in 2011 112.

On this day, she takes the bus. She rides the elevatordown 27 stories to the street and walks two blocks to herstation. She remembers Zhongshan Avenue be ore thechanges, when, as a young girl, she rode the bus with herparents to reach the produce markets. Then, ZhongshanAvenue was loud, congested, and dangerous.

Today, it’s much calmer. She walks up the ramp to thebus station and reaches or the transit card in her pocket.She carries a pass pre-loaded with money, linked to herbank account, which she can use or buses, trains, andbikes. She glances up at the digital screen announcing ar-rival times. Her bus is due in two minutes. With her reehand she reaches or her smart phone and checks email orthe rst time that morning. A client asks i she can meetin three hours to talk over some revi sions to his rm’s newo ce in Shanghai.

Her bus rolls up, the doors open. With no need to queueat the ront door to pay the are, or steps to climb to reachthe seats, boarding is easy and ast. She holds her transitcard up to the scanner and waits or the beep o approval.She nds a seat and looks agai n at her phone. She con rmsthe time with the client and opens the app she uses to re-serve a bike to ride to the meeting, 10 blocks rom her o -

ce. The bus corridor is e cient, carry ing more passengersper hour than any metro line in mainland China outsideo Beijing.

On the days Jia r ides to work, she parks her bike a blockrom her o ce at one o the two-tiered bike garages in-

STORy 2

110 Inspiration or Jia residing inGuangzhou comes rom an articlewritten by your chapter authorthat describes the bus-rapidtransit and bike-sharing improve-ments made along ZhongshanAvenue. Gerdes, J. 09.06.2011.A Two-Wheeled Future? Chinadia-logue111 Statistics on mode share bybike in Guangzhou, the yearsbetween bike lanes, and driversadded each year rom: Gerdes,J. 09.06.2011. A Two-WheeledFuture? Chinadialogue.112 Lovaas, D. 15.03.2011. Bus RapidTransit: An Inexpensive Solution

or Cash-Strapped States and Re-gions. Natural Resources De enseCouncil Staf Blog.



132 133

message rom her car-sharing service. She cycles or takesthe bus to work, and most errands are a short walk romher apartment tower. But once a month she v isits her par-ents, who returned to the countryside two hours outsideGuangzhou or their retirement. Their village is not servedby transit, but can be reached by car. Jia drives, grudgingly.

She meets Xue at home. A ew years be ore, the owner o their apartment tower agreed to allow a car-share serviceto park eight vehicles in t he garage. Jia walks up to space #7and reaches or her swipe card. She slides the card into thereader, and with a click, the doors unlock. Jia had hopedthe car-service would stock all-electric cars, but it has notthus ar. Instead, they usually drive a plug-in hybrid car,which couples a small gas engine with a battery and elec-tric motor. When the battery is depleted, the gas enginekicks in to replenish its charge.

Even though they have made the drive many times, Jiastill turns on the navigation aid in the center console andpunches in her parents’ address. They settle in or the drive,hoping to beat the Friday a ternoon rush. With luck, they’llroll into her parents’ driveway just in time or dinner.

stalled when Guangzhou redid Zhongshan Avenue, in 2010.Two hours later, Jia rolls up blueprints or her meeting andleaves the o ce, heading or the nearest bike-sharing sta-tion. Along the redesigned Zhongshan Avenue, plannersadded hundreds o such stations, with many located nextto bus and train stops.

From her studies, Jia knows well what happened next.With riders able to pedal i n sa e, separated lanes, bike tripsexploded – a 50% increase in the rst year 113. Travel timesimproved or motorists, bus riders, and cyclists ali ke.

Jia nds her reserved bike, #1515, at the station. Hercon rmation text message included the bike number andidenti ed the rack where the bike would be waiting. Jiareaches or her transit card, and holds it up to an electronicscanner. A ter a beep and a click, t he bike is released romthe rack. I she returns the bike within an hour, she paysnothing. Beyond that, she pays a small hourly ee. Riding inthe cycle track, where cyclists zip along e ciently with theaid o their own tra c signals, Jia makes it to her meetingin less than 10 minutes.

Later that a ternoon, back at the o ce, Jia prepares toleave. Her concentration is broken by an incoming text

car-SharinG Service

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s c t s c s 114 s -ve ed 6,281 households that were part of car-sharingnetworks. The households owned 2,968 cars before carsharing and 1,507 after.

113 Hughes, C. K. 20.04.2011.Bicycle In rastructure in China –Case Study: Guangzhou. Panelpresentation, San Francisco, Cali-

ornia.114 Fehrenbacher, K. 06.09.2011.It’s O cial: Car Sharing ReducesVehicle Ownership. Earth2TechBlog, GigaOm.com

Summary:i v k J ’ l :• Bus Rapid-Transit (BRT) corridors

• d s , s - – s s s

• S k g g s s , s k s• b k -s g s s s• c -s g s s s



134 135

ural livinG andrade are Simple

and e icient inSuStainia

Story 3

Fredrik, 67, Retired truck driver – Kristianstad, Sweden

Fredrik and his wi e Hanna had always wanted to retirein the country. Ten years be ore, when he retired rom hi s

job as a long-haul truck driver, they decided to buy a homeon the outskirts o Kristianstad. The town was amiliar toFredrik. His regular route or many years took him romStockholm, south through Kristianst ad on the way to Mal-mo, Berlin, and back again.

He and Hanna had long lived in an apartment in Malmo,but they craved more room and a yard big enough or herto keep a fower garden. In good health, they didn’t worryabout leaving a bigger city or a more isolated li e in thecountry. For Fredrik, who had burned more litres o die selthan he could count driving his truck all those years, li ein Kristianstad held a special appeal.

bioGaS tranSportation in raStructure

Inspiration for Fredrik and Hanna’s life in Kristianstads, , n y k t s 115 e s -

beth Rosenthal. Rosenthal describes how Kristianstad,population 80,000, built the infrastructure necessar to

k s s g s -g s . t s ss

fuels for heating, and cit planners expect that b 2020, S s , g s g s ss s

40 percent below 1990 levels.

Thirty years be ore, city o cials had charted a path be-yond oil, coal, and natural gas. Assisted by gr ants rom thegovernment in Stockholm, Kristianstad invested in a cen-tralized plant that burns biomass to create heat and elec-tricity, and a network o pipes to distribute heat throughthe city. It built a plant to convert plant and ood wastesinto biogas, a orm o methane, burned to heat homes orpropel a car.

Once settled in Kristianstad, Fredrik and Hanna happilyreplaced their petrol-burning sedan or a three-cylinderengine, biogas-powered hatchback. The new car burnscleaner than the old one, and Fredrik and Hanna take com-

ort in knowing that that uel in the tank comes not romancient carbon locked deep in the Eart h but rom manure,used cooking oil, and other ood and agriculture wastessourced rom the region’s abundant arms and ood pro-cessing plants.

In the early years o the Kristianstad’s energy shi t, bio-gas was available only or the municipal feet o cars. But

the city ex panded the pipe network and required increaseduse o biogas in private cars; with more biogas to sell, pri-vate rms added lling stations. Now, whenever Fredrik

lls the tank, about twice a month, he simply drives toa station two kilometers rom their home. The uel costs20 percent less than conventional petrol. The plan hasworked so well that Kristianstad halved its ossil uel useand slashed its planet warming emissions by one-quarterin the rst ten years.

115 Rosenthal, E. 10.12.2010.Using Waste, Swedish CityCuts Its Fossil Fuel Use. TheNew York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/11/science/earth/11 ossil.html



136 137

Fredrik and Hanna own just the one car. For most trips,it suits their needs. But occasionally they have need orsomething other than the hatchback. For two weeks each

June, or instance, their three grandchildren visit romMalmo. Rather than buy a second car big enough to carrythe grandkids and vacation gear but would otherwise sitidle or the rest o the year, Fredri k and Hanna subscribedto a car service. They love the fexibility.

The car-service model launched in Cali ornia in 2012 and2013, and came to Sweden and the rest o Europe a ewyears later. Automakers realized that car-sharing networkswere stealing their customers and spotted an opportunityto diversi y. Frederick and Hanna pay the carmaker an an-nual ee and then, when they need a second car, reserveonline a minivan or station wagon rom the local dealer.They pay the automaker a daily rate that covers unlimitedmileage and insurance.

Today, Fredrik is driving their hatchback. He’s due tomeet shortly with a riend, Anders, a ellow truck driver.They meet each week or lunch, on a day when Andersstops in Kristianstad. Fredrik makes it to their avoritelunch spot, a roadside ca é requented by truckers, a ewminutes early. He looks at the vehicles parked out ront;nearly every spot is taken by a delivery truck.

Much has changed in the ten years since Fredri k retired.Trucks today burn less uel – new uel economy standardsin Europe 116 and United States 117 prodded manu actures tobuild more e cient engines – and most do not run on con-ventional diesel. Some run on a variety o biodiesel blendsmade rom used cooking oil and animal ats. In t he UnitedStates, some trucks were converted to ru n on natural gas.Still others are hybrids powered by hydrogen uel cells andan electric motor. Some did away with uel altogether andrun entirely on batteries.

Fredrik glances at the parked trucks a bit longer, notic-ing even more changes. A ew trucks sport thin lm solarpanels on the roo 118, charging a battery under the trailerdeck. Nearly all have been out tted with an under-trailerair defector that reduces drag.

Anders rolls up. Over lunch he shares the go od news thathe had just turned in his retirement papers. A new driverwould soon take over the Stockholm-Berlin route. On thedrive home, Fredrik is down – Anders’ retirement meansthe end o weekly lunch with a good riend. But his spiritsli t when he remembers the to- do waiting or him at home:going online to reserve a station wagon. In two days, heand Hanna leave or the summer cabin.

the undertray 119

Large, 18-wheel trucks, called semi-trailers, haul muchof America’s goods. A South Carolina compan , BMI, in -

- , u -t , ks . bmi

s s g scan boost fuel e cienc b 12%. Deplo UnderTra on all1.3 million of America’s semis, sa s the U.S. Departmentof Energ , and it would save 1.5 billion gallons of dieselannuall . Pa back is in as little at 12 to 18 months.

Summary:Innovations that make Fredrik’s life

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116 Nichols, W. 29.09.2011. DespiteVocal Complaints, EuropeanCar Makers Meeting New Rules.GreenBiz.com.117 Kanellos, M. 28.07.2011. A 54.5MPG Standard to Hit in 2025:Here Are Ten Ways to ImproveMileage. Greentech Media118 Merchants in the Dutch citieso Utrecht and Haarlem have re-cently started receiving deliveries

rom diminutive solar-powered,all-electric vans called the Cargo-hopper. Streeter, A. K. 06.09.2011.How Tiny Solar Trucks Can SaveAmerican Cities. Treehugger.com.119 The Economist. 04.06.2011. RigOn a Roll.



138 139

concluSion:10 REASONS yOU WANT TOStay in SuStainia:

1 t H e a i r i S c l e a r e r

2 y o u r H e a l t H i S B e t t e r

3 y o u l i v e a

B e t t e r l i F e

4 y o u r H o u S e i S m o r e

c o m F o r t a

B l e

5 y o u r F o o d t a S t e S B e t -

t e r

6 y o u r c i t y

i S m o r e F u n

,

c r e a t i v e , a n d e x c i t i n g

7 y o u c a n S w i m i n y o u r

H a r B o r , a

n d d r i n k w a -

t e r F r o m t H e t a p

8 y o u c a n g

e t a r o u n d i n

a c o m F o r t a B l e

, F a S t ,

a n d n o i S e - F

r e e w a y

9 i t i S e a S i e r a n d m o r e

c o n v e n i e n t

1 0 y o u S a v e m o n e y



140 141

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he Project Green Lighthe initiators o the Guide to Sustainia

he Guide to Sustainia is an idea and vision developed by theembers o the Project Green Light.

he Project Green Light is a global all iance o companies andganizations all ocused on improving the way we commu-cate about sustainability. We need to change the storiese tell and the language we use when communicating aboute opportunities o sustainable solutions. Project Greenght’s key mission is to change the narrative on sustain-

bility communication to one that is inspiring, engaging, at-active and appealing.

They have made Sustainia possible:

Companies:

Organizations, NGO's and cities:



Sustainia is a place – a world – where we have decided to liveli e to the ullest. Where quality o li e is what matters. It’sa desirable place. A place you would want to go, i you knewabout it. Once there, you would want to stay, make a li e oryoursel and your amily.

This guide will take you on a journey to Sustainia. It is as-cinating cities you wouldn’t want to leave. It is attractivehomes where you would want to live. We will give you a clearand concrete insight into how Sustainians – our citizens – aregetting around, how they live, and how they communicate.

Sustainia is not uturistic science ction – it is a concreteproposal on how we could live a better li e in 2020. It is nottomorrow, but close enough or you to get the picture: Thiscould happen now i we boldly implemented the solutionsneeded and already available. Sustainia bene ts rom a richpool o authoritative sources that includes the world’s lead-ing universities and the most respected global institutions,organizations, and corporations.

In Sustainia, we will drive cooler vehicles, live in smarter

houses, and enjoy cleaner air and water.

Guide to Sustainia

Documents

Transcript of Guide to Sustainia