Guidance Lesson of This is English II(I)-3 Mao Hai ping

Unit Thirteen Study language related to education and

university studies Study model verbs of obligation Study the use of the gerund

Vocabularies of education: nursery school primary school / state school secondary school /vocational school university/college

Unit Thirteen Text p 177 The British School System The first school is called a primary sch

ool, and in this school children study a range of basic subjects, such as reading, writing and mathematics.

nursery school Primary school middle school high school secondary-- university colleage institution state school private school

They have to stay at this school for five years as( 因为 ) schooling is compulsory （强制的） in the UK until the age of 16.

In many secondary schools （中学） children have to wear a uniform for the first five years, but often in the last two years they don’t have to.

Over （超过） 20% of students in the UK go on to higher education (university or college) to take degrees or diplomas. （学位或毕业证书）

As well as （除了…） this, many students think that they will benefit from （获益） the ideas in Western universities.

in addition to In addition there are six other applicants. besides There will be five of us for dinner, besides Jo

hn. except for The restaurant is open every day except Mon

day.

So, many further education colleges and universities offer （提供）foundation course for foreign students to prepare for （准备） university study in the UK.

Text 2 p 186

Hello, new students First, as you know, there are no

longer （不再） any grants.

But if you are struggling to make ends meet( 使收支平衡 ), you can get a part-time job-restaurants and bars in the town take lots of students on （雇佣） in the evenings and at weekends.

Finally, remember to work hard and play hard. Go on working steadily towards your first degree(BA or BSc) throughout( 在…期间 ) your three years here - try to keep things in perspective. （ 正 确 认识事物）

Language Focus

一、 must 与 have to 的用法： p179 1. 结构： must 表示“必须”，肯定式由 must+ 动词原形构成；否定式由 must + not (mustn’t)+ 动词原形构成，疑问式则将主语提至句首。

have to + 动词原形，表示“不得不”、“必须”，在肯定句中， to have 随人称和时态的不同而变化(has/had) ，其否定式和疑问式的构成形式与行为动词 to have 相同，即需使用助动词 (do /does/don’t/doesn’t/did/didn’t)

2. must 与 have to 的异同 在表示义务和责任时， must 和 have to 意义相近，二者可以互换使用。二者有下列几点不同： must 多表示主观意志，是从说话者的角度出发谈必须做某事，而 have to 则强调客观需要。

I must finish my homework. 强调主观意志，即 I want to do it ( 我想这样做 ) ， I have to do my homework before I have dinner. 则强调客观要求，即 I’ve been told to ( 客观情况要求我这样做 ) 。

二者否定式的意义大不相同。 have to 的否定式表示“不必”，而 must not/ mustn’t 表示“不准”。 must 通常只表示现在的义务，而 have to 可有不同的时态变化。

二、动名词的用法： p 187 动词 -ing 形式可以与助动词 be 一起构成谓语动词。 动词 -ing 形式与可作动名词，具有名词的特征，可以用作句子的主语和宾语。

英语中有不少动词既可接动名词作宾语，也可接动词不定式作宾语，在意义上没有什么区别。常见的动词有 start, being, continue, like 等。

但有些动词接动名词或不定式作宾语，意义上有区别。后接动名词指的是在主动词所增行为之前发生的事，后接不定式是指可能发生在主动词所示行为之后的事情。在本单元我们学习的这类的动词有 remember, forget, stop 和 regret 。

to remember doing sth 表示“记得已经做了或发生了某事”， to remember to do sth 表示“记住需做某事”。 I remember telling her about the meeting. Please remember to post the letter.

to forget doing sth 表示“忘记了已做的事或已发生的事”， to forget to do sth表示“忘记要去做某事”。

to stop doing sth 表示“停止正在做的事 ” ， to stop to do sth 表 示 “ 停 下（正在做的事）以便去做某事”。

to regret doing sth 表示“对已经做过的事情感到懊悔”， to regret to do sth 表示“很抱歉要做某事”。

英语中有些动词只能接动名词作宾语，而有些动词则只能接不定式作宾语。常见的只能接动名词作宾语的动词有： to admit, avoid, deny, enjoy, finish, mind等。

Unit Fourteen Learning and Learning Styles Study language of education and trai

ning and of information. Study non-defining attributive clause

s Study the use of the future perfect te

nse.

New words: Be engaged in 从事；参与 Be in engaged in politics,business Engage.v I have no time to engage in gossip I engaged him in conversation.

Enroll/ enrol ： 注册；登记；吸收成为成员 Enroll new students We enrolled him as a member of society

Up and down 来来回回；一上一下；起伏 Walking up and down outside our house. The boad bobbed up and down in the water. 小船在水面上颠簸

Unit Fourteen Text 1 p 193 Learning Styles Are these three speakers, who just ch

atting naturally, actually revealing what many people believe is their dominant( 主要 ) thinking and learning style?

Students who find their dominant learning style can make their learning more efficient （使…有效） .

The auditory learner prefers to（选择） listen to explanations, enjoys conversations, usually talks very well, with a wide vocabulary.

They prefer listening to music to looking at art and pictures.

Kinaesthetic learners are used to( 习惯 ) doing things physically, not listening to explanations or watching demonstrations.

Language Focus

一、非限定性定语从句 p196 定语从句分限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句两种。 1. 限定性定语从句 限定性定语从句与被修饰词之间的关系密切，对其起限定作用，因此不可缺少，否则影响全句的意义。限定性定语从句之前不用逗号。

2.非限定性定语从句 非限定性定语从句与被修饰词之间的关系松散，不能对其起限定作用，而是提供有用的补充。在口语中用停顿表示，在书面语中用逗号与句子的其他部分分开，因此句中的关系代词不能省略。

二、将来完成时 p 202 1. 用法 将来完成时表示将来某时间之前已经完成的动作，并往往对此后产生影响，它常与表示将业的时间状语连用。在肯定句中，表示将来的时间短语位置灵活，可置于句首，也可置于句尾，而在否定句和疑问句中则置于句尾。

2. 结构 肯定式 : 主语 +will have + 过去分词 否定式 : 主语 +will not (won’t) have + 过去分词 疑问式 : Will + 主语 + have + 过去分词 Activity 12

1. By the end of July the building committee will have approved the plans.2. By the end of July the finance committee will have approved the budget.3. The new Director will not have started his job by the end of July.

4. By the end of December the Director will have appointed the a Director of Studies5. By the end of June next year the centre will have bought computers.6. The technicians will have installed the computers by the end of June next year.

7. By the end of June next year the Director will have appointed new trainers.

8. By the end of January the year after next, the centre will have been launched.

Unit Fifteen Town life Study the language of towns and

their development. Revise the form and the use of th

e present continuous, active and p

assive

Learn to write a paragraph using topic sentences

New words: Combine 使… .合并；联合 Hydrogen and oxygen combine water Circumstances have combined to ruin our pla

ns for a holiday.

Hold up 使…停顿 We should arrive in half an hour,barring hold

up.

Push forward: 推动 He rpeatedly pushed forward his own claim

Unit Fifteen Text . P 211 Mapping the Future Visitors are crowding around it to

locate their neighborhoods and to learn about the changes that are occurring.

Because during the last decade the government and the local authority have been pushing forward （推动） urban development at great speed.

Even whole areas are being demolished to make way for( 给…让出地方 ) new skyscrapers.

A guide, who comes from the Beijing suburbs, points out( 指出 ) Beijing’s landmarks to the visitors, for example, the Forbidden city （故宫） and the 2008 Olympic Games complex.

They feel that the Centre still does not give enough information for them to make a good investment decision. （做决定）

Text 2 p 219 Mind the Elephant

Traffic in India means a mixture of all kinds of (各种 )vehicles on the road.

The country’s 35million motorcycles and scooters make it the world’s largest two – wheel market.

The roads are full of （充满） a whole variety of （各种不同） vehicles.

You have to watch out （小心） for pedestrians bicycles, carts, cows, donkeys and even elephants.

Language Focus

一、现在进行时及其被动语态 p 2151. 现在进行时的用法 现在进行时的基本用法是： 1 ）表示说话人说话的时刻正在进行的动作； 2 ）表示包括说话时刻在内的一段时间当中进行的动作，该动作不一定在说话人说话的时刻正在进行； 3 ）表示按计划在最近或最近的将来要发生的动作。

二、现在进行时的被动语态 现在进行时的被动语态由 助动词 be + being + 及物动词的过去分词构成。

三、现在完成时的被动语态 p220 被动语态常由助动词 be +及物动词的过去分词构成。

现在完成时被动语态的构成为：肯定句：主语 +have/has +been+ 过去分词否定句 :主语 +have not haven’t/has not (hasn’t) +been + 过去分词疑问句： have/has + 主语 + been + 过去分词

比较现在完成时的被动语态与现在完成进行时的结构 现在完成时的被动语 have/has + been + 过去分词 现在完成进行时： have/has + been + 现在分词

比较三个易混淆的结构 p 222 ·have/has been done 是现在完成时的被动语态结构，表示某动作到现在已经被完成。 ·are/is being done 是现在进行时的被动语态结构，表示某动作目前正被做。 ·have/has been doing 是现在完成进行时的结构，表示某动作从过去到现在一直进行。

Unit Sixteen Learn vocabulary for describing crime and

the criminal justice system Study language of cause and effect Study the use of modal verbs in giving advice

Vocabulary: Absence 不在，缺席、缺乏 His repeated absence from school is worrying In the absence of the manager I shall be in ch

arge. Be absent Be absent from school,meeting,work

Blackmail 敲砸、勒索 He was blackmailed by an enemy agent. That is blackmail !

Compare (with) 于… .比较 Compare the style of two poems If you compare their work ,you will find hers is

much better.

Due to 由于，因为 The team’s success was largely due to her ef

forts He was late due to the heavy traffic.

Pull up 拖，拉，停下 The driver pulled up at the traffic lights. Switch on 打开 switch off 关掉 Switch on the light at the wall-socket. Don’t switch the TV off yet.

Activity 1 C b g h f e a Burglary judge theft criminal fine

Unit Sixteen Text 1 p 229 Swearing”Charity Worker Found Guilty of Theft 讲粗话的“慈善义工”被判盗窃罪 A 15-year-old boy, who was first found guilt

y of theft at the age of 12, was convicted of (宣判有罪 ) stealing 22 charity boxes yesterday from local shops.

He was arrested while he was dressed(穿衣 ) as a woman pretending （装作） to be a representative of the charity Help Aids.

It was only at that point that I realised it was not the usual lady who collects the boxes

直到那一刻我才意识到，她不是平时来取善款的女士（强调句型）

由 it 引导的强调句型结构： it is (was)+被强调部分（主语、宾语、状语） + that(who) Example. It was Smith who met Mary at the party yeste

rday. It was yesterday that Smith met Mary at the

party.

The judge told the court that the problems of the family could be due to （由于） the absence of a father.

Language Focus 一、动词与介词的搭配 p 231 In the morning On Sunday Be good at

Activity 4 1.F 2.E 3. B 4.C 5.A 6. G 7.D

Activity 5 1.Unemployment can be caused by poor edu

cation. 2. crime can lead to family break-up 3. unemployment can cause unhappiness. 4. crime can occur because of poor education 5. poor health can be due to unemployment.

Language Focus一、表达因果关系 p231 表达因果关系可使用 due to, lead to, cause/be caused by, because of 等多种表达法，这些表达法前可使用 can/ could 等情态动词。 can/ could 表示因果关系可能性的大小， could 所表示的可能性比 can小些。

1. due to due to 表示“由于”，可作表语，用于 be due to 结构， to 为介词，其后需跟名词、名词性短语或代词等； due to也可用作状语。 2. cause/ lead to

2. cause/ lead to 在主动语态的句子中， to cause/ to lead to 意义相近，表示“导致，引起”。需注意在 lead to 中 to 为介词，其后需跟名词、名词性短语或代词等，另外， lead to 不能用于被动语态。

3.because of because of 是复合介词，表示“因为”。

二、情态动词表示劝告 p237 must, should, ought to 后接动词原形这种句式可用于提出建议或给予劝告。 1. must must 意思是“必须”，主要表示义务和强制，用于提建议时语气直接、强硬。常见形式有： must ( 必须 / 一定要 ) ， must always ( 一定总要 ) ， mustn’t ( 一定不要 / 不能 ) ，must never (永远不能 ) 。

2. should/shouldn’t should 意思是“应该”，用于第二人称时可表示温和的建议或命令，也可表示强烈的语气。

3. ought to ought to 和 should往往意义相近，在日常生活交际中人们多用后者。注意 ought to 的否定形式为 ought not to 。

Activity 12 1.shouldn’t 2. shouldn’t 3. should 4. must never 5. must always 6. should 7. must always 8.shouldn’t

Unit Sixteen

Crime prevention initiatives 主动预防犯罪 p235

Unit Seventeen Study vocabulary to describe cultural

diversity and customs. Study the use of quantifiers Revise reported speech using modal

verbs and reported questions. Revise question tags

Unit Seventeen Vocabulary Deal with 处理、论述 You dealt with an awkward situation very tactf

ully （巧妙） . The next chapter deals with verbs.

Unit Seventeen Get around 回避 A clever lawyer might find ways of getting aro

und that clause. Do you see a way of getting round the proble

m.

Unit Seventeen Be skilled at 擅长于 He is skilled at dealing with the complaints. An actor skilled at improvising . Skilled worker

Unit Seventeen Text 1 p 245 Cultural Diversity in London 伦敦文化的多样性 Certainly, London is the most culturally diver

se city in the world. The city was founded by the Romans and since then new arrivals have constantly added to （增加） its character and prosperity.

Within 10 years 40% of Londoners will be from ethnic minority groups.

There are an estimated 330,000 refugees and asylum seekers living in London, with most recent arrivals coming from Eastern Europe.

Young people, in particular （特别地） , are skilled at dealing with（应对、处理） a large number of different and hybrid cultures.

Activity 3 1.famous, vast 2.diverse,added 3.10 years, growing 4.most/nearly all , largest,total 5.recent 6.skilled ,dealing with

Language Focus

一、表达数量 P 247 英语中表示事物的数量通常可用数词或不定代词。常用来表示数量的不定代词以从“全部”至“没有”为序排列为： all (全部 ) ， nearly all ( 几乎全部 ) ， most ( 多数 ) ， many( 很多 ) ， some( 一些 ) ， several ( 几个 ) ，a few ( 几个 ) ， not many ( 不多 ) ， hardly any ( 几乎没有 ) 和 none( 没有一个 ) 。

1. 不少表示数量的词语的作用相当于限定词，可像形容词一样直接表示事物的数量。

2. 在特指的名词（即名词前有限定词 the, those, your, their 等）或代语（ them, you, us 等）前使用表示数量的词语时其后面常跟介词 of 。

3. 在特指的名词前（即名词前有限定词 the, those, your, their 等）用不定代词 all 表示名词的数量时，of 可以省略，但在代词前，必须用all + of +代词的结构。

Activity 4 Para 3 : most of them ,none of them,all of

them Para 4: most of Britian’s ethnic minority residents,nearly all of, many of Para 6: have several different ethnic identities

Activity 5 1. Most of 2.Some of 3.A few of 4.Not many of 5. Several of 7. Nearly all 8.Only a few 9.Very few of

二、含有情态动词的间接引语 p 249 在引用他人的话时，所使用的引述动词如果是过去时，直接引语中的动词时态通常受引述动词的影响而发生变化。同样，直接引语中的情态动词也受到影响而发生变化，变化形式为：will→would, must→had to, may→might, 但 should 和 would 没有变化。

Activity 6 1. Laurence J. Peter said the modern child would answer you back before you had said anything. 2. Muhammed Ali said it was just a job.Grass grew.Birds flew. He hit people.

3. David Frost said television was entertainment in your lounge by people you wouldn’t have in you house.

4. Guilio Spineti said every luxury had to be paid for and everything in life was a luxury.

5. Madonna said she had been rich and she had been poor.Rich was better.

三、间接疑问句 p251 引述疑问句常用的动词是 ask 。使用间接疑问句时，如果引述动词为一般过去时，需注意根据时态呼应的原则将疑问句的时态加以调整，通常一般现在时变为一般过去时，一般过去时变为过去完成时。

1.引述特殊疑问句时，需注意将疑问句的语序改成陈述句的语序。 2.引述一般疑问句时，除了需注意将疑问句的语序改成陈述句的语序之外，还需用 if 或 whether

To tell and to ask 的用法 p 253 Activity 12 1.she told him not to stay in central london hotel because they were very expensive. 2.she told him to say what he thought in business meetings.

3. she told him not to wait for someone to ask him what he thought. 4. she told him to go on a trip to Scoland because it was very beautiful. 5. she told him to leave a 10% tip for waiters. 6. she asked him to bring back some tea for h

im.

7. she asked him to take a present to her sister.

8. she asked him to buy some English magazines for her children.

四、反意疑问句 p 257 在反意疑问句中，句尾问句附在陈述句之后，希望对方对陈述句所说的事实或观点加以印证，陈述句如是肯定结构，句尾问句即用否定结构。反之，陈述句如是否定结构，句尾问句则用肯定结构。句尾问句通常由 be, have, 或助动词加主语 ( 须用代词 ) 构成。

1. 以下句尾问句中的动词与陈述句相同：·含有 to be 的句尾问句。

·含有动词 to have 的句尾问句。·含有助动词的句尾问句。

2. 注意下更句子中句尾问句的构成。·陈述句中含有 there be 句式时，句尾问句由谓语动词 +there 构成。

陈述句中的主语为 something 或 nothing 时，句尾问句中用代词 it 。 陈述句中的主语为 nobody/no one 或somebody/ someone 时，句尾问句中用代词 they 。

陈述句中谓语动词是实意动词，句尾问句 需 由 do/don’t/does/doesn’t ( 一般现在时 ) 和 did/didn’t ( 一般过去时 )构成。

Let’s do sth. 这一结构后的句尾问句应为 shall we 。 陈述句中使用 I’m… ，句尾问句为aren’t I 。

Review: 1. 试题结构 2. 考试样题 3. 复习指导

Thank you