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![Page 1: GTRI_B-1 Information Technology and Telecommunications Laboratory January 2009 National Information Exchange Model Looking Forward IJIS Industry Brief.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56649e865503460f94b88e41/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
GTRI_B-1Information Technology and Telecommunications Laboratory
January 2009
National Information Exchange Model
Looking Forward
IJIS Industry Brief
John Wandelt
Georgia Tech Research Institute
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GTRI_B-2Information Technology and Telecommunications Laboratory
A Brief History of GJXDM and NIEM• Sep 2002 Work begins on GJXDM• Dec 2002 GJXDM beta presented to Global• Apr 2003 GJXDM pre-release 3.0.0.0 released• Jan 2004 GJXDM 3.0 released• May 2004 GJXDM Developer Workshop - Atlanta• Nov 2004 GJXDM 3.0.2 released• Feb 2005 DoJ and DHS sign MOA to build NIEM• Jun 2005 GJXDM User Conference – Atlanta• Sep 2005 GJXDM 3.0.3• Sep 2006 GJXDM User Conference – San Diego• Oct 2006 NIEM 1.0 (based on GJXDM 3.0.3)• Jun 2007 NIEM 2.0 (merged GJXDM 3.1beta)• Aug 2007 Information Sharing Conference – Chicago• Jan 2009 You are here ... So, what’s happening ???
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January 2009
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
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2008
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GTRI_B-3Information Technology and Telecommunications Laboratory
NIEM Fundamentals• NIEM profiles XML Schema to reduce its complexity.• NIEM extends XML Schema to compensate for its
hierarchical nature and representational constraints:• ID / IDREF• Associations and roles• Metadata on metadata• Type Augmentation• Abstract elements and substitution (groups)
• Many tradeoffs:• Interoperability vs. Flexibility• Simplicity vs. Precision• Components first vs. IEPD requirements• Flexible + adaptable vs. fixed + standard• Enumeration vs. free text• Elements vs. attributes• Referenced content vs. inline content
• Semantics is key.
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January 2009
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GTRI_B-4Information Technology and Telecommunications Laboratory
You Are Smarter Than A Computer!
Olny srmat poelpe can raed tihs. I cdnuolt blveiee taht I cluod aulaclty uesdnatnrd waht I was rdanieg. The phaonmneal pweor of the hmuan mnid, aoccdrnig to a rscheearch at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, it deosn't mttaer in waht oredr the ltteers in a wrod are, the olny iprmoatnt tihng is taht the frist and lsat ltteer be in the rghit pclae. The rset can be a taotl mses and you can sitll raed it wouthit a porbelm. Tihs is bcuseae the huamn mnid deos not raed ervey lteter by istlef, but the wrod as a wlohe. Amzanig huh? yaeh and I awlyas tghuhot slpeling was ipmorantt!
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April 21, 2023
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GTRI_B-5Information Technology and Telecommunications Laboratory
One Year’s Experience with NIEM 2.0 and IEPDs
• Components: ~4500 (most types & properties)
• Domains: 1 large (Justice); 6 smaller (primarily DHS)
• IEPD Clearinghouse (registry for GJXDM & NIEM): - 76 NIEM IEPDs
• NIEM IEPD Registry/Repository (niem.gov):- 58 shared NIEM IEPDs from 21 different sources
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January 2009
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GTRI_B-7Information Technology and Telecommunications Laboratory
NIEM Help and Issues Processing
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April 21, 2023
Level 2
Level 3
NIEM Tools
NIEM Config Control Tool
NCCTLevel 1
Assign ticket #
NIEM KB
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GTRI_B-8Information Technology and Telecommunications Laboratory
NIEM Focus Group
• Conducted by NCOC • 25-26 June 2008 Wash, DC• 20+ developers and practitioners representing
Federal/State government, industry, NTAC, NBAC• Identified 24 strengths for building info exchanges• Identified 51 weaknesses, issues, suggestions:
value proposition conformance toolsIEPD development governance contentbest practices architecture trainingchange mgt implementation
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January 2009
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GTRI_B-9Information Technology and Telecommunications Laboratory 9
January 2009
NIEM Leadership Conference Themes
• Domain Independence• Self Service • Ability to Scale• Quality Assurance and Metrics• Open Interfaces for Tools and Life Cycle Processes• Conformance: Clear Guidance and Tools• Reuse of IEPDs and Components• Missing Content and Domains• Timeline for Releases
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GTRI_B-10Information Technology and Telecommunications Laboratory 10
January 2009
High Priority Work Packages
• Data Model Maturity Life Cycle (DMMLC)• Version Architecture• Quality Assurance and Release Strategy• Tool Architecture• Minor Release 2.1
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GTRI_B-11Information Technology and Telecommunications Laboratory 11
January 2009
Data Model Maturity (DMM) Life Cycle
NIEM DomainsNIEM Domains
PSPSIntelIntel
NIEM CoreNIEM Core
JJ
EMEMImIm
UniversalUniversal
CommonCommon
StructuresStructures
IPIPITIT D2ND2N
G
CodeLists…
NIEMIEPDLife
Cycle
0
2
34
1
5
IEPDLife
Cycle
0
2
34
1
5
IEPDLife
Cycle
0
2
34
1
5
IEPD Library
……
reuse / revise
add / replace
reuse
add /replace
NIEMcomponents
IEPDs
add
New domain
D3
New domain
D3
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GTRI_B-12Information Technology and Telecommunications Laboratory 12
January 2009
C1.0
ScJIm
NIEM 1.0
EMInIT IP Geo
C2.0
ScJIm
NIEM 2.0
EMInIT IP Geo
Dependencies
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GTRI_B-13Information Technology and Telecommunications Laboratory
Example of Incoherent Schemas
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January 2009
uses
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GTRI_B-14Information Technology and Telecommunications Laboratory
Version Architecture Objectives
• Domains may publish updates on their own timeline. Publication does not wait for NBAC review.
• Domain updates are quickly available for use by IEPDs. Updates may be used by IEPDs without being delayed by updates, synchronization, or harmonization.
• Domain updates are incorporated into next NIEM release. • IEPD developers are provided with an updated schema set that is
coherent, for increased usability. • IEPDs have the flexibility to use NIEM components as required to
satisfy their business requirements - Even previous releases.• Provides a well defined process and schedule for domains to
input to the NBAC update, synchronization, harmonization processes for future NIEM releases.
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GTRI_B-15Information Technology and Telecommunications Laboratory
Version Architecture Process
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January 2009
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GTRI_B-16Information Technology and Telecommunications Laboratory
Quality First!
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GTRI_B-17Information Technology and Telecommunications Laboratory 17
January 2009
Operations (process)
Quality Assurance Layers
HarmonizationInputs
to model
Output
productsData
complete,correct,
consistent
no semantic overlap or duplication
quality release products, tools, documentation
well-definedsubmissionformat and
review process
Metrics / statsValidation checksInspection / review
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GTRI_B-18Information Technology and Telecommunications Laboratory
Example Metrics and QA Checks
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January 2009
Data• ISO 11179 naming• Definition quality (semantics)• Descriptive metadata• Code lists: currency, associated text property• NDR conformance
Harmonization• Identification of dependencies• Component name similarity• Duplication and semantic overlap• Namespace cohesion• Depth of type hierarchy (inheritance depth)
Operational• No. of new domains• No. of model changes• No. of impacted IEPDs• No. of extended components in IEPDs• Component usage in IEPDs
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GTRI_B-19Information Technology and Telecommunications Laboratory 19
NIEM Tool Architecture
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GTRI_B-20Information Technology and Telecommunications Laboratory
Conformance Services
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January 2009
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GTRI_B-21Information Technology and Telecommunications Laboratory
NIEM NDR 1.3
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January 2009
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GTRI_B-22Information Technology and Telecommunications Laboratory
NIEM Conformance• Three types of conformance:
• NIEM XML schemas conform to the NIEM NDR.• NIEM XML instances conform by validating to NIEM-conforming schemas
(and instance conformance rules specified by the NIEM NDR).• NIEM IEPDs conform to the NIEM IEPD Specification
(which requires their XML schemas and instances are NIEM-conforming).
• An IEPD conforms to NIEM under the following conditions:• Each XML schema adheres to the NIEM NDR for its conformance class
(i.e., subset, extension, exchange, or constraint schema rules). • Each XML sample instance adheres to the NIEM NDR for XML instances. • The IEPD itself adheres to the NIEM IEPD Specification
(including required files, packaging, metadata, etc.). • If an existing NIEM component matches IEPD business semantics,
then that component is used by the IEPD (directly or for derived components). (i.e., IEPD does not unnecessarily duplicate NIEM components)
• Each use of a NIEM component by the IEPD (directly or for derived components), is consistent with the component's structural definition and business semantics. (i.e., IEPD preserves semantic and structural consistency)
• There are subjective factors in applying these rules that require diligent consideration by the organization(s) developing the IEPD. Decisions on semantics must be made (or reviewed) by business SMEswith thorough knowledge of the exchange business processes and domain.
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January 2009
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GTRI_B-23Information Technology and Telecommunications Laboratory
What About Systems, Tools, and Databases?
• Systems, tools, and databases DO NOT and CANNOT conform to NIEM.• Only XML schemas, XML instances, and IEPDs can conform to NIEM. • For any other entity or artifact, NIEM conformance is undefined. • Internal names for or usage of data within a given system, tool, or database
have absolutely no impact on the determination of NIEM conformance. • Conformance is ONLY about the format of payload data encapsulated
in XML instances that validate to XML schemas that adhere to the NIEM NDR. • An XML schema that copies, maps to, or uses NIEM names or components
without importing NIEM namespaces does NOT conform. • Conforming to NIEM requires that exchange schemas reuse NIEM reference
schemas (or subsets) by xsd:import-ing NIEM schemas (or valid subsets) that define NIEM namespaces that compose NIEM releases.
• A tool, system, or database may have capabilities that specifically support:• Development of NIEM-conforming IEPDs• Implementation of NIEM-conforming IEPDs• Testing/verifying NIEM-conformance• Generation, sending/receiving, and/or processing of NIEM-conforming exchanges.
• Such tools or systems are NIEM-aware or NIEM-supporting (NOT conforming).
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January 2009
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GTRI_B-24Information Technology and Telecommunications Laboratory 24
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GTRI_B-25Information Technology and Telecommunications Laboratory 25
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GTRI_B-27Information Technology and Telecommunications Laboratory
NIEM Conformance Report Tabs
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April 21, 2023
All rules NDR rules IEPD rules
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GTRI_B-28Information Technology and Telecommunications Laboratory
Summary (Auto Checks)
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April 21, 2023
Number of distinct
NDR rules checked, passed,
failed
IEPDMetadata
andCatalogresult
43 of 185 NDR rules
auto checked
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GTRI_B-29Information Technology and Telecommunications Laboratory
Summary (Manual Checks)
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April 21, 2023
Number of distinct
NDR rules not auto checked
Number of distinct
NDR rules manually verified
(by human)
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GTRI_B-30Information Technology and Telecommunications Laboratory
NDR – All Rules (sample)
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April 21, 2023
Each of 185 NDR rules listed once with ID number, conformance targets, description, and indication of auto/manual and pass/fail.
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GTRI_B-31Information Technology and Telecommunications Laboratory
NDR – Schemas
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Lists each schema file checked with indication of conformance
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GTRI_B-32Information Technology and Telecommunications Laboratory
NDR – Rules Auto Failed
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April 21, 2023
Filename (of schema)
Line No.in file
Rulefailed
Rationale for failure
Type of XML component
involved
Lists each failure by filename, line #, rule, rationale, type component
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GTRI_B-33Information Technology and Telecommunications Laboratory
NDR – Rules Auto Failed (zoom)
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April 21, 2023
Line No.in file
Rulefailed
Rationale for failure
Type of XML component
involved
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GTRI_B-34Information Technology and Telecommunications Laboratory
IEPD – Metadata
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April 21, 2023
Not complete
Status
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GTRI_B-35Information Technology and Telecommunications Laboratory
IEPD – Catalog
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April 21, 2023
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GTRI_B-36Information Technology and Telecommunications Laboratory
Conformance Testing Assistant (ConTesA)
• Developed for N-DEx program, although geared towards LEXS in general.
• Performs XML Schema validation of LEXS instances, plus any included Structured Payloads.
• Performs business rule validations:• NIEM rules (e.g. namespaces and aliases).• LEXS rules (e.g. mandatory elements have content).• Structured Payload specific rules (defined by community
that developed Structured Payload schema).
• Provides visualization of instance.• Business rule checking available
as separate command line tool.
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GTRI_B-37Information Technology and Telecommunications Laboratory
Registry Interfaces
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January 2009
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GTRI_B-38Information Technology and Telecommunications Laboratory
NIEM Minor Release 2.1Features
• New DHS domain: CBRN – Radiological Nuclear• New domain: Family Services• DHS Emergency Management will replace current content.• DHS Infrastructure Protection will replace current content. • Updates to DHS Screening, International Trade, Immigration • Update to Geospatial (external standard)• Updates to DoJ Justice (jxdm).• Over 700 missing component definitions will be added.• Cross-domain harmonization will be applied to ...
• areas already identified as potential problems.• obvious problems identified in new submissions.
• Resolved NCCT issues that can be applied will be integrated.
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January 2009
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GTRI_B-39Information Technology and Telecommunications Laboratory
NIEM Technical References / Documentation
• NIEM Releases 1.0 and 2.0• Reference schemas• Spreadsheet• Model databases (in CSV, XLS, and MDB)• URI pages at http://niem.gov/niem (components, namespaces, xsd’s)
• NIEM Introduction (an executive summary)• Concept of Operations (ConOps)• NIEM Terms and Definitions v1.0 (a glossary)• Using Intel Community Info Security Marking (ICISM) w/ NIEM• Specifications: IEPD Requirements, Wantlist xsd, Conformance• Naming and Design Rules (NDR) v1.3• NIEM Conformance• Techniques for building and extending NIEM XML components• Quality Assurance Strategy & Plan (QASP)• User Guide (Volume I) (Draft)• High-Level Version Architecture (HLVA)• High-Level Tool Architecture (HLTA)
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40
________NIEMBridge information
systems
1st Edition
Compliments of DoJ and DHSForward byPMO, NTAC, & NBAC
Design your XML schemas to beNIEM-conforming
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GTRI_B-41Information Technology and Telecommunications Laboratory 41
April 21, 2023
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GTRI_B-42Information Technology and Telecommunications Laboratory
Stovepipe Thinking
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April 21, 2023
Must shift thinking from stovepipe to cloud or federation concepts.
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GTRI_B-43Information Technology and Telecommunications Laboratory
Questions
Reference: http://niem.gov
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Related Projects
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GTRI_B-45Information Technology and Telecommunications Laboratory 45
April 21, 2023
Universal Core 2.0 (UCore2)ObjectivesObjectives::
Information exchange framework that is Information exchange framework that is interoperable, flexible, applicable, and interoperable, flexible, applicable, and adoptable by a broad audience.adoptable by a broad audience.
Small core of reusable information objects Small core of reusable information objects universally understood and extensible. universally understood and extensible.
Information sharing across Information sharing across DoD, DNI, DoJ, and DHS. DoD, DNI, DoJ, and DHS.
ObjectivesObjectives::
Information exchange framework that is Information exchange framework that is interoperable, flexible, applicable, and interoperable, flexible, applicable, and adoptable by a broad audience.adoptable by a broad audience.
Small core of reusable information objects Small core of reusable information objects universally understood and extensible. universally understood and extensible.
Information sharing across Information sharing across DoD, DNI, DoJ, and DHS. DoD, DNI, DoJ, and DHS.
ImpactImpact::
Establishes a baseline standard for Establishes a baseline standard for exchanging information on terrorists exchanging information on terrorists and associated activities among and associated activities among U.S. Federal, State, and local agencies. U.S. Federal, State, and local agencies.
Allows flexibility to extend core objects Allows flexibility to extend core objects to satisfy specialized data requirements to satisfy specialized data requirements in local domains (especially, DoD/DNI). in local domains (especially, DoD/DNI).
Enables interoperability at a semantic Enables interoperability at a semantic level as well as some representational. level as well as some representational.
ImpactImpact::
Establishes a baseline standard for Establishes a baseline standard for exchanging information on terrorists exchanging information on terrorists and associated activities among and associated activities among U.S. Federal, State, and local agencies. U.S. Federal, State, and local agencies.
Allows flexibility to extend core objects Allows flexibility to extend core objects to satisfy specialized data requirements to satisfy specialized data requirements in local domains (especially, DoD/DNI). in local domains (especially, DoD/DNI).
Enables interoperability at a semantic Enables interoperability at a semantic level as well as some representational. level as well as some representational.
DescriptionDescription: : A joint DoD/DNI/DoJ/DHS A joint DoD/DNI/DoJ/DHS project to (1) design a small, universally project to (1) design a small, universally understood core of information objects understood core of information objects and basic relationships, (2) implement and basic relationships, (2) implement in XML Schema, and (3) employ them to in XML Schema, and (3) employ them to exchange and share information across exchange and share information across a broad base of stakeholders. a broad base of stakeholders.
DescriptionDescription: : A joint DoD/DNI/DoJ/DHS A joint DoD/DNI/DoJ/DHS project to (1) design a small, universally project to (1) design a small, universally understood core of information objects understood core of information objects and basic relationships, (2) implement and basic relationships, (2) implement in XML Schema, and (3) employ them to in XML Schema, and (3) employ them to exchange and share information across exchange and share information across a broad base of stakeholders. a broad base of stakeholders.
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GTRI_B-46Information Technology and Telecommunications Laboratory
TECHNOLOGIES:• eXtensible Markup Language (XML)• Use of NIEM model and NDR• Interoperability• Extensibility• Federated Search• Data Publication
SPONSORS:Law Enforcement Information Sharing Program
(LEISP)Department of Justice (DoJ)
OBJECTIVES:Define and consistently describe units of information
to be sharedDefine interfaces and protocols to provide (publish)
as well as search and retrieve suchEnsure all agencies can understand a common set
of data, without limiting the total data exchanged
TASKS:Provide an extensible framework for consistent
packaging of informationDesign for multiple levels of understanding so all
agencies can process a common set of data, while allowing communities to add content for their needs without impact to other implementations
Utilize NIEM as the baseline data modelProvide tools, documentation, and technical support
to implementers
LEISP Exchange Specification (LEXS)
OneDOJ
LInX OR
ARJIS
ATF BOP DEA FBI USMS
LEXS SR
LEXS PD
Data Sources
Data ConsumerPartner System
Users Users
Partner SystemService Provider
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GTRI_B-47Information Technology and Telecommunications Laboratory
The “IEPD Consistency” Problem
Definition:Two groups independently developing IEPDs for the same purpose may (nay, will) create incompatible IEPDs.
Result:Small-scale interoperability between coordinating partners, but not large-scale interoperability between independent community members (i.e., the ultimate promise of standards)
Mitigations:• Top-down standards: requires “center of mass”• Formal standards: long, arduous process• Consensual standards: hard to gather and
govern enough participants to “tip”
47
X
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GTRI_B-48Information Technology and Telecommunications Laboratory
LEXS Extensibility
Cyber Incident(Sub-community
Level)
Bomb and Arson Incident
(Sub-community Level)
Incident (Community Level)
LEXS Base Level
Terrorism Bomb and Arson
Incident(Sub-community Level)
Incr
easi
ng
Lev
el o
f D
etai
l
Arrest (Community Level)
Federal Arrest(Sub-community
Level)
Digest
Structured Payloads
Incr
easi
ng
Co
mm
on
alit
y
48
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GTRI_B-49Information Technology and Telecommunications Laboratory 49
April 21, 2023
CTISS Federated Registry
CTISR
DoD Community
NIEM Registry
NIEM Community
Federated RegistryQueries
CTISS Registry Portal
CTISR
Federated RegistryQueries
NIEM Registry
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GTRI_B-50Information Technology and Telecommunications Laboratory 50
September 24, 2008
Global Federated Identity and Privilege Management (GFIPM) Presenter: John Wandelt, GTRI
GFIPM Project Managerit.ojp.gov/GFIPM
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GTRI_B-51Information Technology and Telecommunications Laboratory
TECHNOLOGIES:• eXtensible Markup Language (XML)• Use of NIEM model and NDR• Use of LEISP Exchange Specification
(LEXS)• Information Sharing• Data Publication
SPONSORS:N-DEx Program Management OfficeFBI CJIS Division
OBJECTIVES:Define Information Exchange Package
Documentation (IEPD) for State, Local, Federal, and Tribal agencies to submit data to N-DEx
Support all increments of the N-DEx program: Incident/Arrest, Incarceration/Booking, and Probation/Parole
Leverage NIEM and LEXS to promote interoperability
TASKS:Model N-DEx data requirements for each incrementDevelop mappings from N-DEx data models to
NIEM and LEXS, along with extensions as necessary
Develop NIEM and LEXS-based schemas for each IEPD
Build sample instances to illustrate usageProvide feedback to NIEM PMO based on N-DEx
needs and usageProvide tools, documentation, and technical support
to implementers
National Data Exchange (N-DEx)