GT4 China Foster April 2005 - Huazhong University of ...grid.hust.edu.cn/quick/files/discuss/GT4...

Ian FosterArgonne National Laboratory

University of Chicago

Univa Corporation

Globus Toolkit®

2

Overview

Motivation

GT4

Future plans

The Globus community

TeraGrid and Open Science Grid

3

The Application-Infrastructure Gap

Dynamicand/or

DistributedApplications

A

1

B

1

99

Shared Distributed Infrastructure

4

Bridging the Gap:Service-Oriented Infrastructure

Service-oriented applicationsWrap applications asservices

Compose applicationsinto workflows

Service-orientedinfrastructure

Provision physicalresources to support application workloads

ApplnService

ApplnService

Users

Workflows

Composition

Invocation

Provisioning

5

Globus is Service-Oriented Infrastructure Technology

Software for service-oriented infrastructureService enable new & existing resources

E.g., GRAM on computer, GridFTP on storage system, custom application service

Uniform abstractions & mechanisms

Tools to build applications that exploit service-oriented infrastructure

Registries, security, data management, …

Open source & open standardsEach empowers the other

Enabler of a rich tool & service ecosystem

6

Globus asService-Oriented Infrastructure

IBM

IBM

Uniform interfaces,security mechanisms,Web service transport,

monitoring

Computers StorageSpecializedresource

UserApplication

UserApplication

UserApplication

IBM

IBM

GRAM GridFTPHost EnvUser Svc

DAIS

Database

ToolTool

Workflow

Credent.

Host EnvUser Svc

Registry

7

A Typical eScience Use of Globus:Network for Earthquake Eng. Simulation

Links instruments, data, computers, people

8

An eBusiness Use of Globus:SAP Demonstration @ GlobusWorld3 Globus-enabled applns:

CRM: Internet Pricing Configurator (IPC)

CRM: Workforce Management (WFM)

SCM: Advanced Planner & Optimizer (APO)

Applications modified to:Adjust to varying demand & resources

Use Globus to discover & provision resources

IPCDispatcher

IPCServerRequest:

Price QueryDelegation of

Request

Response: PricelistDepending on:- Time- Discount- Number of Items- …

Web Browsers / Batch Processes(typically several thousand requests)

IPCServer

1

2

2

3

SAP AG R/3 Internet Pricing & Configurator (IPC)

9

A

1

B

1

9

A

1 2

B

1 2

1

7

Strategy A:Reduce TCO

18 Servers 11 Servers

A

1 2

B

1 2

1

14

Strategy B:Improve

Performance9 Servers Each 16 Servers Each

9

Cheaper and/or Faster ...

10

Overview

Motivation

GT4

Future plans



11

Globus Toolkit

Core Web servicesInfrastructure for building new services

SecurityApply uniform policy across distinct systems

Execution managementProvision, deploy, & manage services

Data managementDiscover, transfer, & access large data

MonitoringDiscover & monitor dynamic services

Data MgmtSecurity CommonRuntime

Execution Mgmt

Info Services

Non-WS Components

Pre-WSAuthenticationAuthorization

GridFTP C CommonLibraries

Globus Toolkit version 2 (GT2)

Grid ResourceAlloc. Mgmt(GRAM)

Monitoring& Discovery

(MDS)

Web Services

Components


Execution Mgmt

Info Services

Web Services

Components

Non-WS Components


GridFTP C CommonLibraries

WSAuthenticationAuthorization

ReliableFile

Transfer

Data Access& Integration

Grid ResourceAlloc. Mgmt(WS GRAM)

MDS3 Java WS Core

CommunityAuthorization

ReplicaLocation

eXtensibleIO (XIO)


Grid ResourceAlloc. Mgmt(GRAM)

Monitoring& Discovery

(MDS)


Execution Mgmt

Info Services

Web Services

Components

Non-WS Components


GridFTP Pre-WSGRAM

Pre-WSMonitoring& Discovery

C CommonLibraries


ReliableFile

Transfer



MDS-Registry

Java WS Core


ReplicaLocation

eXtensibleIO (XIO)

CredentialMgmt

WorkspaceManagement

Delegation


DataReplication

MDS-Trigger

Python WS Core

C WS Core

WebMDSCommunitySchedulingFramework


Execution Mgmt

Info Services

Web Services

Components

Non-WS Components


GridFTP Pre-WSGRAM

Pre-WSMonitoring& Discovery

C CommonLibraries


ReliableFile

Transfer



MDS-Registry

Java WS Core


ReplicaLocation

eXtensibleIO (XIO)

CredentialMgmt

CommunitySchedulingFramework

Delegation


DataReplication

MDS-Trigger

Python WS Core

C WS Core

WebMDS

WorkspaceManagement

16

Java Services in Apache AxisPlus GT Libraries and Handlers

YourJava

Service

YourPythonService

YourJava

Service RFT

GR

AM

Del

egat

ion

Inde

xTr

igge

rA

rchi

ver

pyGlobusWS Core

YourC

Service

C WS Core

RLS

Pre

-WS

MD

S

CAS

Pre

-WS

GR

AM

Sim

pleC

A

MyP

roxy

OG

SA

-DA

IG

TCP

Grid

FTP

C Services using GT Libraries and HandlersSERVER

CLIENT

InteroperableWS-I-compliant

SOAP messaging

YourJavaClient

YourC

Client

YourPythonClient

YourJavaClient

YourC

Client

YourPythonClient

YourJavaClient

YourC

Client

YourPythonClient

YourJavaClient

YourC

Client

YourPythonClient

X.509 credentials =common authentication

Python hosting, GT Libraries

GT4 Components

17

Our Goals for GT4

Usability, reliability, scalability, …Web service components have quality equal or superior to pre-WS components

Documentation at acceptable quality level

Consistency with latest standards (WS-*, WSRF, WS-N, etc.) and Apache platform

WS-I Basic Profile compliant

WS-I Basic Security Profile compliant

New components, platforms, languagesAnd links to larger Globus ecosystem

18

GT4 Web Services CoreSupports both Globus services (GRAM, RFT, Delegation, etc.) & user-developed services

Redesign to enhance scalability, modularity, performance, usability

Leverages existing WS standardsWS-I Basic Profile: WSDL, SOAP, etc.

WS-Security, WS-Addressing

Adds support for emerging WS standardsWS-Resource Framework, WS-Notification

Java, Python, & C hosting environmentsJava is standard Apache

19

CustomWeb

ServicesWS-Addressing, WSRF,

WS-Notification

CustomWSRF Web

Services

GT4WSRF Web

Services

WSDL, SOAP, WS-Security

User Applications

Reg

istry

Adm

inis

tratio

n

GT4

Con

tain

er

GT4 Web Services Core

20

Grid Security

Control access to shared servicesAddress autonomous management, e.g., different policy in different work-groups

Support multi-user collaborationsFederate through mutually trusted services

Local policy authorities rule

Allow users to set up dynamic trust domainsPersonal collection of resources working together based on trust of user

21

GT4 Security

VO

RightsUsers

Rights’

ComputeCenter

Access

Services (runningon user’s behalf)

Rights

Local policyon VO identityor attributeauthority

CAS or VOMSissuing SAMLor X.509 ACs

SSL/WS-Securitywith ProxyCertificates

Authz Callout

KCA

MyProxy

22

GT4 Security

Extensible authorization framework based on Web services standards

SAML-based authorization calloutAs specified in GGF OGSA-Authz WG

Integrated policy decision engineXACML policy language, per-operation policies, pluggable

Credential management serviceMyProxy (One time password support)

Community Authorization Service

Standalone delegation serviceImplements IETF RFC

23

GT4’s Use of Security Standards

24

GT4 Data Management

Stage large data to/from nodes

Replicate data for performance & reliability

Locate data of interest

Provide access to diverse data sourcesFile systems, parallel file systems, hierarchical storage (GridFTP)

Databases (OGSA DAI)

25

GT4 Data Functions

Find your data: Replica Location ServiceManaging ~40M files in production settings

Move/access your data: GridFTP, RFTHigh-performance striped data movement

27 Gbit/s memory-to-memory on a 30 Gbit/s link (90% utilization) with 32 IBM TeraGrid nodes.

17.5 Gbit/s disk-to-disk limited by the storage system

Reliable movement of 120,000 files (so far)

Couple data & execution managementGRAM uses GridFTP and RFT for staging

26

GridFTP in GT4

100% Globus codeNo licensing issues

Stable, extensible

IPv6 Support

XIO for different transports

Striping multi-Gb/sec wide area transport

PluggableFront-end: e.g., future WS control channel

Back-end: e.g., HPSS, cluster file systems

Transfer: e.g., UDP, NetBLT transport

p g

02000400060008000

100001200014000160001800020000

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Degree of Striping

Ban

dwid

th (M

bps)

# Stream = 1 # Stream = 2 # Stream = 4# Stream = 8 # Stream = 16 # Stream = 32

Disk-to-disk onTeraGrid

27Reliable File Transfer:Third Party Transfer

RFT Service

RFT Client

SOAP Messages

Notifications(Optional)

DataChannel

Protocol Interpreter

MasterDSI

DataChannel

SlaveDSI

IPCReceiver

IPC Link

MasterDSI

Protocol Interpreter

Data Channel

IPCReceiver

SlaveDSI

Data Channel

IPC Link

GridFTP Server GridFTP Server

Fire-and-forget transfer

Web services interface

Many files & directories

Integrated failure recovery

Has transferred 900K files

28

Replica Location Service

Identify location of files via logical to physical name map

Distributed indexing of names, fault tolerant update protocols

GT4 version scalable & stable

Managing ~40 million files across ~10 sites

IndexIndex

50 M17575 M

10 M2421 M

1 M2<110K

Bloom filter (bits)

Bloom filter

(secs)

Update send (secs)

Local DB

29

Execution Management (GRAM)

Common WS interface to schedulersUnix, Condor, LSF, PBS, SGE, …

More generally: interface for process execution management

Lay down execution environment

Stage data

Monitor & manage lifecycle

Kill it, clean up

A basis for application-driven provisioning

30

GT4 GRAM

2nd-generation WS implementation optimized for performance, flexibility, stability, scalability

Streamlined critical pathUse only what you need

Flexible credential managementCredential cache & delegation service

GridFTP & RFT used for data operationsData staging & streaming output

Eliminates redundant GASS code

31

GRAMservices

GT4 Java Container

GRAMservices

Delegation

RFT FileTransfer

Transferrequest

GridFTPRemote storage element(s)

Localscheduler

Userjob

Compute element

GridFTPsudo

GRAMadapter

FTPcontrol

Local jobcontrol

Delegate

FTP data

Clie

nt

Job

functions

Delegate

Service host(s) and compute element(s)

GT4 GRAM Structure:WSRF/WSN Poster Child

32

Workspace Service

33

Monitoring and Discovery“Every service should be monitorable and discoverable using common mechanisms”

WSRF/WSN provides those mechanisms

A common aggregator framework for collecting information from services, thus:

MDS-Index: Xpath queries, with caching

MDS-Trigger: perform action on condition

(MDS-Archiver: Xpath on historical data)

Deep integration with Globus containers & services: every GT4 service is discoverable

GRAM, RFT, GridFTP, CAS, …

34

GT4 Container

GT4 Monitoring & Discovery

GRAM User

MDS-Index

GT4 Cont.

RFT

MDS-Index

GT4 Container

MDS-Index

GridFTP

adapter

Registration &WSRF/WSN Access

Custom protocolsfor non-WSRF entities

Clients(e.g., WebMDS)

Automatedregistrationin container

WS-ServiceGroup

GT4 Documentation

is Much Improved!

36

Working with GT4

Download and use the software, and provide feedback

Join [email protected] mail list

Review, critique, add to documentationGlobus Doc Project: http://gdp.globus.org

Tell us about your GT4-related tool, service, or application

Email [email protected]

37

Overview

Motivation

GT4

Future plans



38

2005 and Beyond

We have a solid Web services base

We now want to build, on that base, a open source service-oriented infrastructure

Virtualization

New services for provisioning, data management, security, VO management

End-user tools for application development

Etc., etc.

39

Short-Term Priorities: Security

Improve GSI error reporting & diagnostics

Secure password, one-time password, Kerberos support for initial log on

Trust roots, use of GridLogon

Identity/attribute assertions in GT auth. callouts (e.g., Shib, PERMIS, VOMS, SAML)

Extend CAS admin & policy support

Security logging with management control for audit purposes

40

Short-Term Priorities: Data Management

Space & bandwidth management in GridFTP

Concurrency in globus-url-copy

Priorities in RFT

Data replication service

Enhance policy support in data services

Physical file name creation service

Scalable & distributed metadata manager

41

Short-Term Priorities: Execution Management

Implement GGF JSDL once finalized

Advance reservation support

Policy-driven restart of “persistent” jobs

Improved information collection for jobs

Improved management of job collections

Credential refresh

Virtual workspace service

Integration of virtual machines (Xen, VMware) and associated services

42

Short-Term Priorities: Information Services

Many more information sources, including gateways to other systems

Automated configuration of monitoring

Specialized monitoring displays

Performance optimization of registry

Archiver service

Helper tools to streamline integration of new information sources

43

Short-Term Priorities: Core

Streamlined container configuration

Remote management interface

Dynamic service deployment

Service isolation: multiple service instances

WS-Notification, subscription performance

Full functionality in C WS Core

Optimized WS-ServiceGroup support

WS-SecureConversation support

44

Overview

Motivation

GT4

Future plans



45

How Globus Works

Globus is a distributed open source community with many contributors & users

CVS, documentation, bugzilla, email lists

Modular structure allows many to contribute

Globus Alliance Board provides governance when needed

Meritocracy: individuals who demonstrate ongoing contributions & commitment

Primarily: what to include, when to release

Globus Alliance is an informal partnership of organizations led by Board members

46

Evolution of the Globus Alliance

Argonne/U.Chicago (Childers, Foster): 1995

USC/ISI (Kesselman): 1995

Edinburgh (Atkinson, Parsons): 2003

Swedish PDC (Johnsson, Mulmo): 2003

NCSA (Welch): 2004

Univa (Czajkowski, Tuecke): 2004

Other contributors will surely be added

47

From eScience to eBusiness

Since ~2001, growing interest in Globus for commercial use

Enterprises, IT vendors, ISVs asking Globus leaders to address commercial needs

But hard to do in a research laboratory

In response, we have created two new organizations

Globus Consortium

Univa

48

Globus Consortium(www.globusconsortium.com)

Nonprofit organization funded by companies to advance Globus Toolkit for enterprise use

Initial sponsor members: HP, IBM, Intel, Sun

Initial contributors: Nortel, Univa

First two projects already identifiedMember-driven software quality improvements

Contributions to job submission standards

Other projects to be defined, e.g.Develop new features key to enterprise use

Education & outreach

49

Provider of commercial support, services, & products around open source Globus

Commercial distribution of GT4 & beyond

Integration with enterprise systems

Committed to open source & open standards

Founded by Tuecke, Foster, KesselmanTuecke left Argonne to be CEO

Foster, Kesselman remain at Argonne, ISI

Experienced management team Rich Miller, Vas Vasiliadis, Paul Davé, Bob Mandel

26776 U.S.

2753 China

1318 Japan

1017 India

750 U.K.

495 Italy

488 Germany

391 Brazil

328 S. Korea

306 Taiwan

268 France

241 Canada

211 Viet Nam

211 Spain

202 Russia

187 Pakistan

159 Australia

142 Singapore

131 Greece

119 Colombia

111 Poland

109 Netherlands

107 Thailand

94 Switzerland

77 Chile

74 Sweden

68 Belgium

66 Venezuela

66 Romania

64 Indonesia

62 Mexico

61 Turkey

60 Malaysia

58 Portugal

57 Austria

54 Ireland

44 Hong Kong

40 Hungary

38 Egypt

38 Argentina

34 Uruguay

31 Ukraine

29 Slovakia

25 Israel

23 Yugoslavia

23 Iran

22 Bulgaria

22 Uzbekistan

22 Czech Rep.

22 N. Korea

21 Lithuania

21 Croatia

20 Finland

20 New Zealand

17 Nigeria

17 South Africa

16 Jordan

16 Slovenia

16 Afghanistan

15 Denmark

15 Philippines

14 Vanuatu

14 Luxembourg

14 Tunisia

12 Virgin Is. (U.K.)

12 Peru

12 Yemen

11 Norway

11 Algeria

11 Armenia

10 Iceland

9 Zambia

9 Virgin Is. (U.S.)

9 Uganda

9 Bosnia & Herz.

8 Kenya

7 Zimbabwe

7 Saudi Arabia

7 Ecuador

7 Macedonia

6 Bolivia

6 Comoros

6 Zaire

6 Lebanon

5 Puerto Rico

5 Namibia

5 Togo

5 Tajikistan

5 Paraguay

5 Albania

5 Sudan

4 Estonia

4 Camaroon

4 Ghana

4 Tuvalu

4 Costa Rica

4 Cuba

4 UAE

4 Tonga

4 W. Samoa

4 Tanzania

3 Syria

3 Bahamas

3 Ethiopia

3 Mongolia

3 Sri Lanka

3 Wallis & Futuna Is.

3 Belarus

3 Bangladesh

2 Falkland Islands

2 Kuwait

2 Sierra Leone

2 Trinidad & Tobago

2 Guyana

2 American Samoa

2 Andorra

2 Georgia

2 Cook Islands

2 Turkmenistan

2 Gabon

2 The Gambia

2 Kazakhstan

2 Macau

2 Malta

2 Jamaica

2 Latvia

2 Turks & Caicos

1 Bhutan

1 Ascension Island

1 Cyprus

1 Mozambique

1 Tokelau

1 Greenland

1 Nepal

1 Swaziland

1 Iraq

1 Serbia

1 Barbados

1 Cambodia

1 Qatar

1 Saint Vincent

1 Laos

1 San Marino

1 Libya

1 Benin

1 Angola

1 Chad

1 Gibraltar

1 Haiti

1 Guatemala

1 Malawi

1 Equatorial Guinea

1 Palau

1 Bermuda

1 Botswana

1 Suriname 38669 d

ow

nlo

ads

in 2

004 f

rom

glo

bus.

org

26776 U.S.

2753 China

1318 Japan

1017 India

750 U.K.

495 Italy

488 Germany

391 Brazil

328 S. Korea

306 Taiwan

268 France

241 Canada

211 Viet Nam

211 Spain

202 Russia

187 Pakistan

159 Australia

142 Singapore

131 Greece

119 Colombia

111 Poland

109 Netherlands

107 Thailand

94 Switzerland

77 Chile

74 Sweden

68 Belgium

66 Venezuela

66 Romania

64 Indonesia

62 Mexico

61 Turkey

60 Malaysia

58 Portugal

57 Austria

54 Ireland

44 Hong Kong

40 Hungary

38 Egypt

38 Argentina

34 Uruguay

31 Ukraine

29 Slovakia

25 Israel

23 Yugoslavia

23 Iran

22 Bulgaria

22 Uzbekistan

22 Czech Rep.

22 N. Korea

21 Lithuania

21 Croatia

20 Finland

20 New Zealand

17 Nigeria

17 South Africa

16 Jordan

16 Slovenia

16 Afghanistan

15 Denmark

15 Philippines

14 Vanuatu

14 Luxembourg

14 Tunisia

12 Virgin Is. (U.K.)

12 Peru

12 Yemen

11 Norway

11 Algeria

11 Armenia

10 Iceland

9 Zambia

9 Virgin Is. (U.S.)

9 Uganda

9 Bosnia & Herz.

8 Kenya

7 Zimbabwe

7 Saudi Arabia

7 Ecuador

7 Macedonia

6 Bolivia

6 Comoros

6 Zaire

6 Lebanon

5 Puerto Rico

5 Namibia

5 Togo

5 Tajikistan

5 Paraguay

5 Albania

5 Sudan

4 Estonia

4 Camaroon

4 Ghana

4 Tuvalu

4 Costa Rica

4 Cuba

4 UAE

4 Tonga

4 W. Samoa

4 Tanzania

3 Syria

3 Bahamas

3 Ethiopia

3 Mongolia

3 Sri Lanka

3 Wallis & Futuna Is.

3 Belarus

3 Bangladesh

2 Falkland Islands

2 Kuwait

2 Sierra Leone

2 Trinidad & Tobago

2 Guyana

2 American Samoa

2 Andorra

2 Georgia

2 Cook Islands

2 Turkmenistan

2 Gabon

2 The Gambia

2 Kazakhstan

2 Macau

2 Malta

2 Jamaica

2 Latvia

2 Turks & Caicos

1 Bhutan

1 Ascension Island

1 Cyprus

1 Mozambique

1 Tokelau

1 Greenland

1 Nepal

1 Swaziland

1 Iraq

1 Serbia

1 Barbados

1 Cambodia

1 Qatar

1 Saint Vincent

1 Laos

1 San Marino

1 Libya

1 Benin

1 Angola

1 Chad

1 Gibraltar

1 Haiti

1 Guatemala

1 Malawi

1 Equatorial Guinea

1 Palau

1 Bermuda

1 Botswana

1 Suriname 38669 d

ow

nlo

ads

in 2

004 f

rom

glo

bus.

org

26776 U.S. 2753 China 1318 Japan 1017 India

750 U.K. 495 Italy 488 Germany 391 Brazil 328 S. Korea306 Taiwan

Top 10

GlobalCommunity

53

The Globus Ecosystem

Globus components address core issues relating to resource access, monitoring, discovery, security, data movement, etc.

GT4 being the latest version

A larger Globus ecosystem of open source and proprietary components provide complementary components

A growing list of components

These components can be combined to produce solutions to Grid problems

We’re building a list of such solutions

54

Many Tools Build on, or Can Contribute to, GT4-Based Grids

Condor-G, DAGman

MPICH-G2

GRMS

Nimrod-G

Ninf-G

Open Grid Computing Env.

Commodity Grid Toolkit

GriPhyN Virtual Data System

Virtual Data Toolkit

GridXpert Synergy

Platform Globus Toolkit

VOMS

PERMIS

GT4IDE

Sun Grid Engine

PBS scheduler

LSF scheduler

GridBus

TeraGrid CTSS

NEES

IBM Grid Toolbox

…

55DocumentingThe Grid

Ecosystem

The Grid Ecosystem: Software Components for Grid SystemsAnd Applications

www.grids-center.org

56

Example Solutions

Portal-based User Reg. System (PURSE)

VO Management Registration Service

Service Monitoring Service

TeraGrid TGCP Tool

Lightweight Data Replicator

GriPhyN Virtual Data System

57

The Globus Developer Community

We want to facilitate community contributions to the Globus software

Increasingly open governance & mechanisms

Documentation of larger ecosystem

What else can we do?

Tell us how you think we should evolveE.g., adopt Apache processes?

Contribute more of Globus to Apache?We’ve already made major contributions to Apache Axis, WS-Addressing, and WS-Security

Also WSRF/WSN Apache (Apollo, Hermes)

58

Globus and its User Community

How can “we” best support “you”?We try to provide the best software we can

We use bugzilla & other community tools

We work to grow the set of contributors

How can “you” best support “us”?Become a contributor: of software, bug fixes, answers to questions, documentation

Provide us with success stories that can justify continued Globus development

Promote Globus within your communities

Contact me at [email protected]

59

Overview

Motivation

GT4

Future plans



60Grid2003 Open Science Grid30 sites (2100-2800 CPUs) & growing400-1300 concurrent jobs8 substantial applications + CS experimentsRunning since October 2003

Korea

http://www.ivdgl.org/grid2003

61

Open Science Grid ComponentsComputers & storage at 30+ sites

3000+ CPUs

Uniform service environment at each siteGlobus Toolkit provides basic authentication, execution management, data movement

Pacman installation system enables installation of numerous other VDT and application services

Global & virtual organization servicesCertification & registration authorities, VO membership services, monitoring services

Client-side tools for data access & analysis Virtual data, execution planning, DAG management, execution management, monitoring

IGOC: iVDGL Grid Operations Center

62

Example OSG Applications

CMS proton-proton collision simulation

ATLAS proton-proton collision simulation

LIGO gravitational wave search

SDSS galaxy cluster detection

ATLAS interactive analysis

BTeV proton-antiproton collision simulation

SnB biomolecular analysis

GADU/Gnare genone analysis

Various computer science experimentswww.ivdgl.org/grid2003/applications

63

ExampleOSG

Workflows

Genome sequence analysis

Physicsdata

analysis

Sloan digital sky

survey

64

Open Science Grid :Astronomy Mosaic Construction

NVO/NASA Montage: A small (1200 node) workflow

Construct custom mosaics on demand from multiple data sourcesUser specifies projection, coordinates, size, rotation, spatial sampling

Work by Ewa Deelman et al., USC/ISI and Caltech

GT4 China Foster April 2005 - Huazhong University of ...grid.hust.edu.cn/quick/files/discuss/GT4...

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