GS104 Day14 - Oregon State Universitypeople.oregonstate.edu/~hillhea/gs104/GS104_Day14.pdf · ·...
Transcript of GS104 Day14 - Oregon State Universitypeople.oregonstate.edu/~hillhea/gs104/GS104_Day14.pdf · ·...
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GS104Week7,Thursday
Nov9th
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Law of Conservation of Energy:
Energy cannot be created or destroyed;
it may be transformed from one form to
another, but the total energy never
changes
Einitial = Efinal
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A ball is thrown up at 20 m/s. Use
conservation of energy to find how high it
goes.
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A ball is thrown up at 20 m/s. Use
conservation of energy to find how high it
goes.
Einitial = Kinitial = (1/2)mv2
Efinal = Ug,final = mgh
h = (v2)/(2g) = 20.4 m
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What is inertia?
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What is inertia?
The tendency of an object to resist changes in motion
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What is momentum?
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What is momentum?
“Inertia in motion.” “Mass in motion.”
Quantity of motion that an object has.
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What is momentum?
“Inertia in motion.” “Mass in motion.”
Quantity of motion that an object has.
Momentum = mass x velocity, p = mv
Is momentum a scalar or vector?
What are the units of momentum?
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What is momentum?
“Inertia in motion.” “Mass in motion.”
Quantity of motion that an object has.
Momentum = mass x velocity, p = mv
Is momentum a scalar or vector? (Vector)
What are the units of momentum?
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What is momentum?
“Inertia in motion.” “Mass in motion.”
Quantity of motion that an object has.
Momentum = mass x velocity, p = mv
Is momentum a scalar or vector? (Vector)
What are the units of momentum? (kg*m/s)
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What has more momentum, a 70 kg
Olympic skier travelling at 30 m/s or
a 1000 kg car driving at 2 m/s?
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What has more momentum, a 70 kg
Olympic skier travelling at 30 m/s or
a 1000 kg car driving at 2 m/s?
Olympic skierOlympic skier: p = (70kg)(30m/s) = 2100 kg*m/s
Car: p = (1000kg)(2m/s) = 2000 kg*m/s
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Momentum of an object can change
in two ways. What are they?
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Momentum of an object can change
in two ways. What are they?
→ Change an object’s mass
→ Change an object’s velocity
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How do you change the momentum
of a car?
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How do you change the momentum
of a car?
Since we can’t change the car’s mass,
we change the velocity. We need to
apply a change in velocity (acceleration
→ force). Either apply brakes or gas.
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How do you change the momentum
of a rocket?
Describe what happens during a rocket
launch.
Rocket Launch
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Consider a run away car (no brakes) and
wanting to stop it. You have the choice to
crash the car into a bail of hay or a brick
wall to stop it. Which would you choose?
Why?
What is the change in momentum?
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Consider a run away car (no brakes) and
wanting to stop it. You have the choice to
crash the car into a bail of hay or a brick
wall to stop it. Which would you choose?
Why?
What is the change in momentum? (Same)
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Consider a run away car (no brakes) and
wanting to stop it. You have the choice to
crash the car into a bail of hay or a brick
wall to stop it. Which would you choose?
Why?
If momentum isn’t different, what is?
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Both the hay and wall apply a force, but
the hay would apply a small force for a
longer time. The brick wall would apply a
large force for a shorter time.
The force applied for a period of time
is called impulse.
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The force applied for a period of time is
called impulse.
Impulse = force x time, J = Ft
Impulse is also known as the change of
momentum.
Δp = Ft
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Impulse-Momentum Principle
The impulse acting on an object produces a change in
momentum of the
object that is equal
in both magnitude
and direction to the
impulse.
GS 104, Homework 1 Due Sept 28th
1 Physics Subtopic
K =
1
2
mv
2
(1)
K
f
� K
i
= W (2)
�K = Fd (3)
�p = Ft (4)
U
g
= mgh (5)
⌃
~
F
net
= m◆◆◆70
~a = 0 (6)
⌃
~
F
net
= 0 (7)
1
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A runaway semi-truck (30,000 kg)
traveling at 25 m/s (56 mph) crashes into
a wall and is completely stopped 1.5
seconds after the collision began. What
force did the wall apply to the truck?
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A runaway semi-truck (30,000 kg)
traveling at 25 m/s (56 mph) crashes into
a wall and is completely stopped 1.5
seconds after the collision began. What
force did the wall apply to the truck?
Δp = (30,000kg)(25m/s) = 750,000 kg*m/s
F = (750,000 kg*m/s)/(1.5s) = 500,000 N
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Two people in rolling chairs are next to
each other. Person 1 pushes on person 2.
If person 2 weighs twice that of person 1,
what do you expect to happen?
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Conservation of Momentum:
In an isolated system (no external forces
or friction), the momentum before a
collision and the momentum after a
collision are the same.
pinitial = pfinal
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Law of Conservation of Energy:
Energy cannot be created or destroyed;
it may be transformed from one form to
another, but the total energy never
changes
Einitial = Efinal
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Your instructor (65 kg) is standing at rest
on frictionless ice while holding the 1.5 kg
physics textbook. If she throws it at 20 m/s
to the east, what is her final velocity?
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Your instructor (65 kg) is standing at rest
on frictionless ice while holding the 1.5 kg
physics textbook. If she throws it at 20 m/s
to the east, what is her final velocity?
pinitial = (mHeather + mbook)(vHeather + book)
pfinal = (mHeather)(vHeather) + (mbook)(vbook)
vHeather = 0.46 m/s west
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A 100 kg hockey player skating at 15 m/s
collides with another player at rest with a
mass of 90 kg. If they stick together after
the hit, what is their final velocity?
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A 100 kg hockey player skating at 15 m/s
north collides with another player at rest
with a mass of 90 kg. If they stick together
after the hit, what is their final velocity?
pinitial = (m1)(v1)+ (m2)(v2)
pfinal = (m1+m2)(v1+2)
v1+2 = 7.89 m/s north
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Types of Collisions:
Elastic:
Inelastic:
Perfectly Inelastic:
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Types of Collisions:
Elastic: Bounce off one another
Inelastic: Stick to one another
Perfectly Inelastic: No energy lost in collision
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Shifting Gears…
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Circular MotionWhen you drive around a round-about,
what direction is the force of friction
between your car and the road? Draw a
picture.
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Circular MotionWhen you swing a ball attached to a
string in a circle, what direction is the
force of tension of the ball? Draw a
picture.
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As astronauts orbit the Earth, what direction is the force that allows them to orbit?
What is this force?
Draw a picture to depict the forces.
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As astronauts orbit the Earth, what direction is the force that allows them to orbit?
What is this force? (Fg)
Draw a picture to depict the forces.
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Uniform circular motion is circular motion with a constant speed.
For any object in uniform circular motion, what direction is the net force?
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Uniform circular motion is circular motion with a constant speed.
For any object in uniform circular motion, what direction is the net force? (Toward the center)
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Centripetal ForceAny object in uniform circular motion experiences an inward force (towards the center of the circle of motion). This is known as the centripetal force or “center seeking force.”Beware that the centripetal force is named a force, but that it is truly describing the behavior of motion – going in a circle. The force that is “center seeking” is usually tension, force due to gravity or friction.
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Conservation of Angular Momentum:
If the net torque (rotational force) acting
on a system is zero, the total angular
momentum of the system is conserved.
Linitial = Lfinal