GRP2 Board Presentation 2011

Fergus Sinclair, Antoine Kalinganire, Edmundo Barrios, Catherine Muthuri, Adrian Radcliffe, Gudeta

Sileshi, Jeremias Mowo, Ann Degrande, Ujjwal Pradhan, Pal Singh, Roberto Porro, Genevieve Lamond, Anja Gassner

Take home messages

• Consolidation, breadth and depth of GRP2• Strengthening connections with other GRPs,

especially 1, 3 and 4• Setting the stage for innovation and

integration in CRPs 6.1, 1.1, 1.2 and 5

AF practices

Farming systems

Local livelihoods

Landscapes, institutions and policyGRP6

Components

GRP1 (ILRI, TSBF etc)Markets GRP3

GRP2 aims to develop design principles, technology options and decision support tools for enhancing productivity and resilience of farming systems through the adoption, adaptation and improved management of agroforestry practices.

Improved and sustained rural livelihoods and environment through more productive, intensified and diversified agroforestry systems for smallholder farmers.

Development programs for smallholder farmers include agroforestry management options among intervention choices they consider, and use improved tools, approaches and knowledge to make more informed choices on integrating agroforestry into farming systems.

Outputs

• GRP2.1 agroforestry optionsEnhanced understanding of the costs, benefits, risks and trade-offs of agroforestry options under varying and changing conditions

• GRP2.2 soil and water productivity Agroforestry design principles, technology options and decision support tools for improved soil and water productivity

Context – food crises bite

• Agroecology can feed the world– Olivier De Schutter, Special Rapporteur on the right

to food, annual report to UN Human Rights Council• Eco-efficient agriculture

– Keatinge et al., Crop Science• Discontinuity in drylands

– state and transition models replace equilibrium concepts with GIS tools to detect thresholds

– many articles gathering momentum

Highlights by region

Potential Impact: diversification of on farm production through multistrata agroforestry systems

Latin America

CACAO-FONDAM: Promotion of agroforestry systems based on aromatic cocoa for economic development and natural resource conservation in the Peruvian Humid tropics. [FONDAM, Peru, 110 K, 2010-2012]

Project site: Pucallpa, Ucayali (Peru)

ObjectiveDevelop an effective cacao (Theobroma cacao) production system based on high diversity agroforestry arrangements Products 60 ha of new cocoa fields based on high value native cacao germplasm. Infrastructure for fermentation and stocking of cacao 60 ha of cacao plantation under good management practices PUBLICATIONS Technical guide for cacao production in agroforestry system Technical article to be published in 2011 CAPACITY BUILDING Training of farmer organization (ACATPA) in management of cacao-agroforestry plots. NETWORKING Amazon Cocoa Agroforestry Netwrok formed in 2010

Native cacao planted in a high diversify agroforestry system in the upper Aguaytia watershed (Ucayali, Peru)

Potential Impact: diversification of on farm production by land recovery activities based on agroforestry systems

Latin America

ASAFAS: Physical rehabilitation of degraded forest ecosystems. [Kyoto University and Mitsui Foundation, 8.2009-3.2011, 50K]

Project sites: Pucallpa, Ucayali (Peru)

ObjectiveDevelop a participatory method for the recovery of soil properties (fertility and density) through the establishment of agroforestry systems, mechanization of small-scale soil preparation, and fertilization.Products 6 plots recovered by forestry species established in old pastures in Ucayali, Peru. Database of measurements (growth and survival rate) for analysis. Collaboration with NARS and local Universities in land recovery activities and practices. PUBLICATIONS Technical guide for land rehabilitation (in progress) Scientific article to be published in 2011 CAPACITY BUILDING training of farmer organization (PROSEMA) in management of plots.

Amazon cedar (Cedrella odorata) Melliaceae, a high value timber tree planted successfully in an on-farm plot in the upper Aguaytia watersheed (Ucayali, Peru)

Carbon Stock Investment , buffer zone of Lamandau River Wildlife Reserve, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia

Crop diversification - planting of jelutung trees alternative income on peat land

Human Livelihoods, Ecosystem Services, & Orangutan Habitat , two sites in North Sumatra and Aceh , Indonesia

Peat swamp forest conservation, enhance carbon stocks & local livelihood with appropriate management, species selection, … (ex. Jelutung, Dyera costulata)

Agrobiodiversity Appraisal, Bridgestone Sumatra Rubber Estate and surrounding smallholder land to conserve and enhance biodiversity

Main finding: Rubber plantation has role as migratory pathway of birds and bats, smallholder rubber agroforestry systems provide food and habitat for wildlife and has high % of bird diversity.

SEA - Balancing the tradeoffs between economic, environmental, and cultural benefits

SEA: models and methodologies for analysis and evaluation of farm management options

WaNuLCAS application (2010)Technical leadership from Bogor staff1. Assessment of plant productivity and interaction in parkland systems of sub-Saharan Africa (ALUCCSA project)2. Assessing the growth response of young rubber trees to soil water availability along a topo-sequence in NE Thailand (Vincent Cheylan, student)3. Exploring teak-crop growth under various scenarios in Central Java with (ACIAR teak project – Gerhard Manurung, PhD study leave)

TULSEA tools in Africa

• Lake Tanganyika• Nile Basin• GRP 4 links

West and Central Africa•Appropriate policy interventions through by-laws and local conventions to manage the parklands: evaluation of their implications on tenure systems and management of agroforests on-farms.•Developed appropriate management techniques on-farms for priority fruit trees including ber and tamarind, cacao and rubber tree species.• Assessment of village resources centres on the adoption of fertiliser, fruit and timber trees intercropped on-farms.• Established long-term tree-crops growth trials on-farms for conservation agriculture with trees in the Sahel.• Review of conservation agriculture, including Faidherbia albida.

Sanou J., Zougmoré R., Bayala J., Teklehaimanot Z. 2010. Soil infiltrability and water content as affected by Baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) and Néré (Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) Benth.) trees in farmed parklands of West Africa. Soil Use and Management 26: 75–81. DOI 630942-493796.

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

2.2

2.4

Natura

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2009 – Trees improve mean crop yieldSileshi et al., Plant and Soil.

2010 – Probability of yield increase dependson climatic and edaphic variablesSileshi et al., Field Crops Research

Cumulativeprobability

50% probability of no increase in yield or worse on Nitosols (saturated fertility?)

60% probability of > 1 t ha-1 increase in yield on Luvisols

2011 – Mapping probability of > 1 t ha-1 yield increase after two year sesbania fallow Coe et al., 2011

Southern AfricaScaling up fertiliser trees

Agroforestry

Agriculture

RR

References

Soil macrofauna

(indiv m-2)

(indiv m-2)

Earthworms

54.4

17.6

3.1

1,2,3,4,5,6

Beetles

20.9

9.6

2.2

1,2,5

Centipedes

2.7

0.5

5.6

1,2,5

Termites

90.7

81.0

1.1

1,2,5

Ants

23.2

8.6

2.7

1,2,5

Soil mesofauna

(indiv m-2)

(indiv m-2)

Collembola

3890.1

2000.7

1.9

7

Mites

5100.7

1860.1

2.7

7

Soil microfauna

(indiv liter-1)

(indiv liter-1)

Non-parasitic nematodes 2922

1288

2.3

8

Parasitic nematodes

203.7

211.5

1

8

Mean density of different soil biota and calculated response ratios

Some effects of trees are mediated through impact on soil biota – trees increase

abundance

Barrios, Sileshi, Shepherd, Sinclair 2010

Some effects of trees are mediated through impact on soil biota – trees increase activity

Pruned trees

Free growing trees

Earthworm cast weight

Sample with no earthworm casts

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0.8

1.0

1.2

0 5 10 15Separation distance (m)

Sem

ivar

ianc

e

Cross-semivariogram

Greater soil biological activity (earthworms) near trees but effect greater for some tree species than others

Pauli et al 2010 Pedobiologia

Finite set of tree attributes that are expressed in

particular contexts

Genetic predisposition

Environmentalconditionsmanagement

Understanding what tree attributes are required to meet agricultural management objectives and which species will display these attributes in particular environmental and

management contexts, is the fundamental corner stone of design principles for developing agroforestry options customised to local circumstances.

One of the key activities in WorldAgroforestry’s GRP2 is to develop decision support tools that incorporate this understanding of genetic, environmental and management control of

the expression of key attributes to provide advice on what species and management combinations are likely to work in different circumstances

Local knowledge about tree phenology

Local knowledge about tree utility attributes

Local knowledge about tree ecosystem service attributes

Local conditions and preferences

Possible conditionality criteriae.g. maintain fruit durationfavour native species

Scientific information

Customised options for individual farmers and landscapes

Promote tree diversity – in relation to local and public priorities

LINKAGES TO THE CRPs

1.2 Integrated systems for humid areas

CRP2 Policies, institutions, and markets

CRP6.1 Production systems and markets component of forests, trees and agroforestry

CRP7 Climate Change and Agriculture

CRP4 Agriculture, nutrition and health

CRP5 Water, land & ecosystems

GRP 2Farm productivity

GRP 4Land health

GRP 1Domestication

GRP 5Climate change

GRP 3Policy and markets

GRP2 interactions with CRPs are direct (green) or indirect (brown) via other GRPs

1.1 Integrated systems for dry areas