Grp 4 - Autism Final
Transcript of Grp 4 - Autism Final
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MDJ 3272 PAEDIATRIC NURSINGAbi, a 4 y/o boy has been diagnosedwith autism. He came from a very
poor family background. The familyfind it hard to take care of himbecause of his condition.
You are required to provide his motherinformation to help her understandAbis condition regarding theetiology and child characteristics.
Discuss the existing resources/ supportservices locally to enable the familyto facilitate and promote her childspotential for development.
Group 4 members:
Nor Azia bt Othman
Nur Attiqah bt Abdul Malek
Nur Fadizlahastiana btDawid
Nur Faridah bt Husni
Nur Safira bt Asman
Philumena Kueh Jing Feng
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Outline
Definition
Etiology
Childs
Characteristics
Existing resources/ supportservices in Malaysia
# My Star InternationalAcademy
# National Autism Society of
Malaysia (NASOM)# Early Autism Project (EAP)
Malaysia
# Parents' Resource for Autism(PR4A) Malaysia
# Mary Anne Joseph Special
Needs
# Hua Ming Autism Society# Sarawak Autistic Association
(SAA)
# Others: Newspaper & Website
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DEFINITION
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Etiology
Genetic Non Genetic
Infectiousdisease
Heavy metaltoxicity
VaccinesSeizures/Epilepsy
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At least 10 genes were involved
Eg: Chromosome 7 important role indevelopment of mechanism for brain
cells communicationAutism is among the most heritable of allneurological conditions
identical twins82% chance,
fraternal twins10% chance
other siblings 2-8 % chance
(Maino, Viola, & Donati, 2009)
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Possible Non-Genetic Factor
Infectious disease
One theory is that an
intestinal virus disrupts themucosa and allows
neurotoxins to enter the
bloodstream, triggering
autism.
Others: Borna virus
Herpes virus
Heavy metal toxicity
Some parents and
researchers have alleged
that heavy metal poisoning
results in symptoms similar
to those of autism.
Eg: Mercury
(Amarai & Courchesne, 2008)
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Vaccines for measles, rubella
and mumps has been claimed
as a cause for autism.
This claimed is due to theautistic characteristics that
often appear at around the
same age vaccinations are
carried out.
Nevertheless, the link is
inconclusive
Increased the risk of
developing autism
These individuals had more
motor difficulties,
developmental delays &
problematic behaviors.
(Maino, Viola, & Donati, 2009)
(Amarai & Courchesne, 2008)
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Characteristics
Speech, Language, andCommunication
Difficulty communicating
with speech
Indicate needs with
gestures
Difficulty understanding
Have difficulty starting or
continuing a conversation
May repeat what others say
(echolalia)
Social Interaction
Unusual or no eye contact
Show little body language orfacial expressions when
interacting
difficulty in mixing with
other children
(Brown, 2012)
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Behavior
Inappropriate attachment
to objects Perform repetitive routines
Resist changes in routines
Perform repetitive
movements (such as wavinghands, rocking)
Crying tantrums-extreme
Stand-offish manner
Inappropriate laughing
No fear of real dangers.
Apparent insensitivity to
pain
Acts deaf
Enjoys spinning objects
Hyperactivity/ Passitivity
(Brown, 2012)
Impaired ability to assign meaning to sameobjects and events that others find meaningful.
(Potts & Mandleco, 2002)
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(NASOM, 2012)
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School
My Star InternationalAcademy
Organization/Centres
The National AutismSociety of Malaysia
(NASOM)
Mary Anne JosephSpecial Needs
Early Autism Project(EAP)
Hua Ming AutismSociety
Parents Resource for
Autism (PR4A)
Sarawak AutisticAssociation (SAA)
Existing resources/support
services in Malaysia
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My Star International
Academy
Combines applied behavior analysis (ABA), Cambridge UK Curriculum andhome schooling to provide an individualized program for each child.
For children with special needs such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD),Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Global DevelopmentalDelay (GDD), Down Syndrome, Dyslexia, Cerebral Palsy (CP) and otherlearning difficulties.
Each child starts from behavioral modification and moves towards anoptimal goal of obtaining formal academic qualification
Provides 6 extra activities to enrich the child's development on a dailybasis. The activities include Computing, Music, Dance, Drama, Art andMental Arithmetic.
(My Star International Academy ,2005)
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The National Autism Society of
Malaysia (NASOM)
Offering Life-Long Services to People with Autism
Non-profit, non-governmental welfare
organisation since 3rd March 1987.
Aim to provide education, help, care and
protection for people with autism and their family.
To date, NASOM provides 19 centres all over
Malaysia.
(The National Autism Society of Malaysia, 2012)
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1. Assessment & Diagnosis
Runs One-Stop Service Centres where they offers services such as psychological
screening & assessment for children at risk or with developmental delay, speech
therapy, social classes & others.2. Early Intervention Program
Teach self help skills, elementary academic & learning skills & given educational
therapy to help them cope their inherent deficits & disorders.
3. Transition Program
To prepare children with autism for formal school.
4. Mainstreaming Program Provides full support for the children in and after school.
5. Pre-Vocational Program
Children above 14 years old who are not in enrolled in formal school will be
placed in a vocational training program.
6. Vocational Program
Taught on self-care skills, social skills,recreation activities & work experience.
7. Residential Program
Users are taught the skills of living in
a community.
(The National Autism Society of Malaysia, 2012)
NASOMs provided services
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Program and clinic for the
treatment of children with
autism.
Provide the highestquality intensive behavioral
treatment.
Treatment philosophy is
that every child is able to
learn.
(Early Autism Project, 2011)
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Services being offered:-
1. Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) Program
Home-based program Centre-based program
1. Parents find / hire therapists
2. Parents supply toys / materials / data
book forms3. Consultation travels to home
fortnightly
4. Consultation includes fortnightly
phone consultations
1. EAP Malaysia finds / hires therapists /
materials / data book forms
2. EAP Malaysia supplies toys / materials/ data book forms
3. Consultation takes place at centre
weekly
4. No phone consultations
2. Parent training program3. Community program
4. Workshops
(Early Autism Project, 2011)
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Parents Resource for Autism
in Malaysia
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About PR4A
They are parents who have children with
autism and related learning disorders.
Objective: To source for the latest and mostsuccessful methods for the treatment of
autism in order to help their children realizes
their full potential.
(Lim, 2011)
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What Do They Want
To provide mutual support and information toaffected families.
To raise awareness that with effective
intervention, autism is treatable. To encourage parents make informed choices
and adopt proven therapies.
To get parents pool resources to bring intrained and qualified professionals.
To encourage networking with professionals.
(Lim, 2011)
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How Do They Do It
They meet on a regular/monthly basis to shareinformation, draw on each others experiences andlend support to each other.
They organize workshops and seminars on methods
and topics that would help parents interveneeffectively.
They network online to share opinions, alert fellowparents of relevant events organized by other supportgroups and touch base with members.
They work with other organizations that advance thecauses and the rights of the learning disabledcommunity.
(Lim, 2011)
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Physical development
Physical therapyOccupational therapy
Speech, Language & Communication Development
Play therapy
PECS (Picture exchange communication system)Music therapy
Behavior Development
Intensive behavioral intervention
Emotional Development
Holding therapy
Art therapy
Social stories
Social Development
(Lim, 2011)
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A private organization inWangsa Maju providing
training and respite care
for special needs children
with Autism, ADD, ADHD
and other Learning &Behaviour Issues.
(MA Joseph Special Needs, 2012)
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Conduct a one to onetherapy basis.
Provides hands on
training to parents
Enhance the child'sgrowth by using
educational toolsaccording to the variouschildren's needs.
(MA Joseph Special Needs, 2012)
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This is the area for children to develop good co-ordination of
mind and body.
Colorful and quality equipments were chosen to attract the
children to use the tools with a sense of joy.
(MA Joseph Special Needs, 2012)
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Provide education and training to autistic childrenand counseling to their parents
Conducttraining programs, seminars, workshop
rlt act for children with autism and their parents Parents are trained to work with their children to
manage behavior problem and improve learning,
social and language skills.
(Hua Ming Autism Society, 2012)
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Classes
Preschool group : Preparing preschooler (aged 2-6) to go intomainstream kindergarten, primary school or special class.
( Monday to Thursday, 9.30am ~ 12.00pm or 2:00pm ~
4:30pm
with once a week half hour 1-to-1 session )
Primary group : For children (aged 7-12) who are unable to attendmainstream
school or need extra support after school.
( Monday to Thursday, 9.30am ~ 12.00pm or 2:00pm ~
4:30pm
with once a week half hour 1-to-1 session )English Class : For high function autistic children (aged 7-15) who unable
to adapt to mainstream school.
(Monday to Thursday 9.30pm~12.00pm)
(Hua Ming Autism Society, 2012)
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Daily routine classes/activities:
Speech and communication
Self-help skill
Cognitive
Sensory integration
Physical education (grossmotor activities)
Art and craft (fine motoractivities)
Music and movement
Group play
Social skill (going out to buylunch or grocery)
Computer
Others:
organize seminars forparents once in every month,fostering communicationbetween parents andteachers, and occasionallyoutdoor activities for familyday
provide free telephone andface to face consultations.
provide free talks forkindergarten & primary
school on the topic What isautism.
invite other professionals tohold seminars or workshops.
(Hua Ming Autism Society, 2012)
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(Moh, 2012) (Lum, 2012)
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(Nettleton, 2008)
http://eDirect3.com.my/SarawakAutis
ticAssociation(SAA)
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Budget 2013 TASKA OKU
Currently, there are many disabled children from low-income
families who do not receive early education due to lack of
pre-schools for disabled children (TASKA OKU).
For this, the Government will implement a pilot project forTASKA OKU in six categories of disabled children, namely
down syndrome,
autism,
blind or partially sighted, hearing and speaking disabilities,
physical disability and
learning difficulties.
(Abdul Razak, 2012)
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Although there is no cure for
autism, intensive early
intervention services for childrendiagnosed with autism before
the age of 5 years may lead to a
better overall outcomes
(Hurth, Shaw, Izeman, Whaley & Rogers
as cited in Potts & Mandleco, 2002)
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CONCLUSION
Work to view AUTISM as adifferent ability ratherthan a disability.
An autistic child may notbe good at eye contactor conversation, butwith their attention to
fine detail and capacityfor extraordinary focus,they could be the nextEinstein or Mozart, for
they too had autism.
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